Thin film heater

Abstract

A thin film heating device includes a transparent conductive film that transmits electromagnetic waves from an object and has electrical conductivity, a first electrode connected to the transparent conductive film, a first terminal portion connected to the first electrode and connected to a power source, a second electrode connected to the transparent conductive film, a second terminal portion connected to the second electrode and connected to the power source, an adhesive layer (70) attached to a windshield glass that transmits the electromagnetic waves, and a protective layer that covers the transparent conductive film and protects the transparent conductive film, the adhesive layer (70) has a plurality of adhesive layer ribs (700), the protective layer has a plurality of protective layer ribs, and the adhesive layer ribs (700) and the protective layer ribs extend in a direction (Df) from the first electrode and the second electrode toward the first terminal portion and the second terminal portion when the first electrode, the first terminal portion, the second electrode, and the second terminal portion are located on the same plane.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-37328, filed on March 11, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to a thin-film heater. Background Technology

[0004] Previously, as described in Patent Document 1, a thin-film heater was known that was attached to the passenger side of a glass windshield of a vehicle.

[0005] Existing technical documents

[0006] Patent documents

[0007] Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2021-86712.

[0008] In the thin-film heater described in Patent Document 1, the refraction of electromagnetic waves such as radio waves and light sometimes varies depending on the direction within the thin-film heater. Consequently, the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves irradiated from a circular object and passing through the thin-film heater sometimes becomes elliptical rather than circular. When the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves irradiated from a circular object and passing through the thin-film heater is elliptical, the difference between the object's shape and the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves irradiated from the object and passing through the thin-film heater is significant. Therefore, when devices such as cameras, millimeter-wave radar devices, and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) use electromagnetic waves passing through the thin-film heater to detect the shape of an object, the accuracy of the object shape detection decreases. Furthermore, LiDAR is an abbreviation for Light Detection and Ranging / Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a thin-film heater that suppresses the difference between the shape of an object and the shape of the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves irradiated from and transmitted through the object.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a thin-film heater is provided, comprising: a transparent conductive film through which electromagnetic waves from an object can pass and which is conductive; a first electrode connected to the transparent conductive film; a first terminal portion connected to the first electrode and connected to a power source; a second electrode connected to the transparent conductive film; a second terminal portion connected to the second electrode and connected to a power source; and an adhesive portion attached to a transparent body through which electromagnetic waves can pass, wherein the transparent conductive film is heated by current flowing within the transparent conductive film between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the adhesive portion having a plurality of ribs extending from the first electrode and the second electrode toward the first terminal portion and the second terminal portion when the first electrode, the first terminal portion, the second electrode, and the second terminal portion are located on the same plane.

[0011] In addition, according to another aspect of this disclosure, a thin-film heater is provided, comprising: a transparent conductive film that allows electromagnetic waves to pass through and is conductive; a first electrode connected to the transparent conductive film; a first terminal portion connected to the first electrode and connected to a power source; a second electrode connected to the transparent conductive film; a second terminal portion connected to the second electrode and connected to a power source; and a protective portion that covers and protects the transparent conductive film, wherein the transparent conductive film is heated by current flowing within the transparent conductive film between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the protective portion has a plurality of ribs extending from the first electrode and the second electrode toward the first terminal portion and the second terminal portion when the first electrode, the first terminal portion, the second electrode, and the second terminal portion are located on the same plane.

[0012] Here, a direction is defined as the direction from the first electrode and the second electrode toward the first terminal and the second terminal when the first electrode, the first terminal portion, the second electrode, and the second terminal portion are located on the same plane. Furthermore, with the above configuration, electromagnetic waves irradiated from a circular object and passing through the thin-film heater are easily refracted in a direction orthogonal to one direction, and are difficult to refract in another direction. Therefore, the expansion of the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves passing through the thin-film heater in one direction is suppressed. Therefore, the shape of the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves passing through the thin-film heater is suppressed and does not become elliptical. Thus, the shape of the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves passing through the thin-film heater becomes close to a circular shape, and therefore close to the shape of the object. Therefore, the difference between the shape of the object and the shape of the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves irradiated from and passing through the object is suppressed. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a vehicle using the thin-film heater of the first embodiment.

[0014] Figure 2This is a cross-sectional view of a thin-film heater and a vehicle's windshield.

[0015] Figure 3 From Figure 2 III. View of observation.

[0016] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of Part IV.

[0017] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of the V section.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the adhesive layer of the thin-film heater.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the protective layer of a thin-film heater.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the adhesive layer and protective layer of a comparative example thin-film heater.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves transmitted through the thin-film heater of the comparative example.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves transmitted through the thin-film heater of the first embodiment.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing a thin-film heater being attached in a bent manner.

[0024] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing the adhesive layer and protective layer of the thin-film heater according to the second embodiment.

[0025] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing the adhesive layer and protective layer of the thin-film heater according to the third embodiment.

[0026] Figure 14 This is a front view of the thin-film heater according to the fourth embodiment.

[0027] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film heater and windshield according to the fifth embodiment.

[0028] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film heater and windshield according to the sixth embodiment.

[0029] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film heater and windshield according to the seventh embodiment.

[0030] Figure 18 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film heater and windshield according to the eighth embodiment.

[0031] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film heater and windshield according to the ninth embodiment.

[0032] Figure 20 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film heater and windshield according to the tenth embodiment.

[0033] Figure 21 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film heater and windshield according to the eleventh embodiment.

[0034] Figure 22 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film heater and windshield according to the twelfth embodiment.

[0035] Figure 23 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film heater and windshield according to the thirteenth embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in the various embodiments described below, the same reference numerals will be used to denote the same or equivalent parts, and their descriptions will be omitted.

[0037] (First Implementation)

[0038] In the thin-film heater of this embodiment, the difference between the shape of the object and the shape of the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves irradiated from and transmitted through the object is suppressed. Specifically, the thin-film heater is used, for example, in a vehicle. First, the vehicle will be described.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, vehicle 1 is equipped with a windshield 3, a camera 5, and a thin-film heater 10.

[0040] The windshield 3 acts as a transparent body that allows electromagnetic waves to pass through, ensuring the driver's forward visibility in vehicle 1. Furthermore, the windshield 3 extends at an angle relative to the ground G. Moreover, as... Figure 2 As shown, the windshield 3 has a first transparent portion 11, a second transparent portion 12, a middle portion 13, and a shielding portion 15.

[0041] The first transparent portion 11 is formed into a plate shape by means of glass or the like, thereby allowing electromagnetic waves to pass through. In addition, the first transparent portion 11 is located on the exterior side of the vehicle 1 in the windshield 3.

[0042] The second transparent portion 12, like the first transparent portion 11, is formed into a plate shape using glass or the like, thereby allowing electromagnetic waves to pass through. Furthermore, the second transparent portion 12 is located inside the vehicle interior of the windshield 3.

[0043] The middle part 13 is an adhesive such as hot melt adhesive, which is bonded to the first transparent part 11, the second transparent part 12 and the shielding part 15 between the first transparent part 11 and the second transparent part 12.

[0044] The shielding portion 15 is formed of black ceramic or the like, thereby shielding electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the shielding portion 15 is formed on the surface of the second transparent portion 12 on the side of the first transparent portion 11. Additionally, in... Figure 2 In order to make it easier to understand the location of the shielding part 15, the shielding part 15 is shown with a dot pattern.

[0045] Back Figure 1 Camera 5 is positioned on the upper side of vehicle 1 inside the vehicle interior. Camera 5 then captures images of the front of vehicle 1.

[0046] The thin-film heater 10 is attached to the passenger side of the windshield 3 along the slope of the windshield 3 and is positioned opposite the camera 5 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Furthermore, the thin-film heater 10 de-ices, melts snow, and defoils the portion of the windshield 3 opposite the camera 5 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle by generating heat. This improves the visibility of the camera 5. Further details regarding the thin-film heater 10 will be described later.

[0047] Vehicle 1 is configured as described above. Next, the details of the thin-film heater 10 will be explained.

[0048] like Figures 2-7 As shown, the thin-film heater 10 includes a transparent substrate 20, a transparent conductive film 30, a first electrode 41, a first lead portion 51, a first terminal portion 61, a second electrode 42, a second lead portion 52, a second terminal portion 62, an adhesive layer 70, and a protective layer 80. Furthermore, for ease of understanding of the structure of the thin-film heater 10, the following will be described... Figure 3 The upper side of the paper is simply recorded as the top side. Figure 3 The bottom side of the paper is simply referred to as the bottom side. Figure 3 The left side of the paper is simply recorded as the left side. Figure 3 The right side of the paper is simply recorded as the right side.

[0049] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the transparent substrate 20 is formed of a resin such as polycarbonate, thereby possessing electrical insulation properties. Furthermore, the transparent substrate 20 allows electromagnetic waves from an object to pass through. Moreover, the transparent substrate 20 exhibits isotropic refraction of electromagnetic waves.

[0050] The transparent conductive film 30 is formed of ITO or carbon nanotubes, thereby allowing electromagnetic waves to pass through and exhibiting conductivity. Furthermore, ITO is an abbreviation for indium tin oxide.

[0051] Furthermore, a transparent conductive film 30 is formed on the transparent substrate 20. The transparent conductive film 30 is formed in a planar shape. Additionally, the transparent conductive film 30 is, for example, formed in a hexagonal shape. Furthermore, the transparent conductive film 30 has multiple ribs (not shown) depending on the manufacturing method using wet coating such as die coating, or the direction of carbon nanotube extension. These ribs of the transparent conductive film 30 extend, for example, in the vertical direction and are arranged in the horizontal direction. Moreover, the ribs of the transparent conductive film 30 are not limited to extending in the vertical direction and being arranged in the horizontal direction; they may also extend in the horizontal direction and be arranged in the vertical direction.

[0052] The first electrode 41 is formed of metals such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, and aluminum. Furthermore, the first electrode 41 is the positive electrode. Moreover, the first electrode 41 is connected, for example, to the upper part of the transparent conductive film 30. Additionally, when the shielding portion 15 is projected along the thickness direction DT of the transparent conductive film 30, the first electrode 41 overlaps with the projected shielding portion 15. Furthermore, as... Figure 4 As shown, the first electrode 41 has a plurality of first corrugated portions 441. The first corrugated portions 441 are arranged in a manner that connects to each other. In addition, the first corrugated portion 441 includes a first extension portion 451, a second extension portion 452, a third extension portion 453, and a fourth extension portion 454.

[0053] The first extension 451 extends along the surface of the transparent conductive film 30 in the direction of downward left. The second extension 452 is connected to the first extension 451. Furthermore, the second extension 452 extends from its boundary with the first extension 451 in the direction intersecting the extension of the first extension 451, in the direction of upward left. The third extension 453 is connected to the second extension 452. Additionally, the third extension 453 extends from its boundary with the second extension 452 in the direction intersecting the extension of the second extension 452, in the direction of downward left. The fourth extension 454 is connected to the third extension 453. Furthermore, the fourth extension 454 extends from its boundary with the third extension 453 in the direction intersecting the extension of the third extension 453, in the direction of downward right. Thus, the second extension 452 and the fourth extension 454 are opposite each other in the direction of downward left extension of the first extension 451. Furthermore, the first extension 451, the second extension 452, the third extension 453, and the fourth extension 454 extend in a straight line, but are not limited thereto. The first extension 451, the second extension 452, the third extension 453, and the fourth extension 454 may also extend in a curved line.

[0054] Furthermore, the end 4540 of the fourth extension 454 opposite to the third extension 453 is connected to the end 4510 of the first extension 451 of the adjacent first corrugated portion 441 opposite to the second extension 452. Thus, the adjacent first corrugated portions 441 are arranged in a connected manner. Therefore, the first electrode 41 becomes a meandering shape. However, while the first electrode 41 is meandering in this context, it is not limited to being formed in a meandering shape. For example, the first electrode 41 may also be formed in a uniform planar shape. Additionally, C-bevels or R-bevels may be applied to the corners of the first corrugated portion 441.

[0055] Back Figure 3 The first lead portion 51 is connected to the first electrode 41 and extends toward the first terminal portion 61, which will be described later.

[0056] The first terminal portion 61 is connected to the first electrode 41 via the first lead portion 51. Furthermore, the first terminal portion 61 is connected to a power source (not shown).

[0057] The second electrode 42 is formed of metals such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, and aluminum. Furthermore, the second electrode 42 is the negative electrode. Moreover, the second electrode 42 is connected, for example, to the lower part of the transparent conductive film 30. Additionally, when the shielding portion 15 is projected along the thickness direction DT of the transparent conductive film 30, the second electrode 42 overlaps with the projected shielding portion 15. Furthermore, as... Figure 5 As shown, the second electrode 42 has a plurality of second corrugated portions 442. The second corrugated portions 442 are arranged in a manner that connects to each other. In addition, the second corrugated portions 442 include a fifth extension 455, a sixth extension 456, a seventh extension 457, and an eighth extension 458.

[0058] The fifth extension 455 extends to the right along the surface of the transparent conductive film 30. The sixth extension 456 connects to the fifth extension 455. Furthermore, the sixth extension 456 extends downwards from its boundary with the fifth extension 455 along the direction in which it extends. The seventh extension 457 connects to the sixth extension 456. Additionally, the seventh extension 457 extends to the right from its boundary with the sixth extension 456 along the direction in which it extends. The eighth extension 458 connects to the seventh extension 457. Furthermore, the eighth extension 458 extends upwards from its boundary with the seventh extension 457 along the direction in which it extends. Thus, the sixth extension 456 and the eighth extension 458 face each other to the right in the direction in which the fifth extension 455 extends. Furthermore, the fifth extension 455, the sixth extension 456, the seventh extension 457, and the eighth extension 458 extend in a straight line, but are not limited thereto. The fifth extension 455, the sixth extension 456, the seventh extension 457, and the eighth extension 458 may also extend in a curved line.

[0059] Furthermore, the end 4580 of the eighth extension 458 opposite to the seventh extension 457 is connected to the end 4550 of the fifth extension 455 of the adjacent second corrugated portion 442 opposite to the sixth extension 456. Thus, the adjacent second corrugated portions 442 are arranged in a connected manner. Therefore, the second electrode 42 becomes a meandering shape. However, while the second electrode 42 is meandering in this context, it is not limited to being formed in a meandering shape. For example, the second electrode 42 may also be formed in a uniform planar shape. Additionally, C-bevels or R-bevels may be applied to the corners of the second corrugated portion 442.

[0060] Back Figure 3 The second lead portion 52 is connected to the second electrode 42 and extends toward the second terminal portion 62, which will be described later.

[0061] The second terminal portion 62 is connected to the second electrode 42 via the second lead portion 52. Furthermore, the second terminal portion 62 is connected to a power source (not shown).

[0062] The adhesive layer 70 corresponds to the adhesive portion, and is formed, for example, from OCA. Additionally, as... Figure 2 As shown, the adhesive layer 70 is attached to the side of the transparent substrate 20 opposite to the transparent conductive film 30. Furthermore, the side of the adhesive layer 70 opposite to the transparent substrate 20 is attached to the second transparent portion 12. Additionally, OCA is an abbreviation for Optically Clear Adhesive. Figure 2 In order to make it easier to understand the location of the adhesive layer 70, the adhesive layer 70 is shown with a dot pattern.

[0063] Furthermore, the adhesive layer 70 is formed by wet coating, such as seam coating, thereby... Figure 6 As shown, the thin-film heater 10 has multiple adhesive layer ribs 700. Therefore, the thin-film heater 10 exhibits anisotropy in its refraction of electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the adhesive layer ribs 700 can be visually identified using a visual inspection or a three-dimensional measuring instrument.

[0064] Here, as Figure 3 As shown, the first electrode 41, the first terminal portion 61, the second electrode 42, and the second terminal portion 62 are located on the same plane. A direction Df is defined as either the direction from the first electrode 41 and the second electrode 42 toward the first terminal portion 61 and the second terminal portion 62, or the direction from the first terminal portion 61 and the second terminal portion 62 toward the first electrode 41 and the second electrode 42. This direction Df is parallel to the vertical direction. Furthermore, as... Figure 1 As shown, the direction in which the windshield 3 extends at an angle is taken as the tilt direction Dc. Figure 3 As shown, the tilt direction Dc is parallel to one direction Df and the up and down directions.

[0065] Then, return to Figure 6 The adhesive layer ribs 700 extend along a direction Df and are arranged in a direction orthogonal to Df. Therefore, the adhesive layer ribs 700 extend vertically and are arranged horizontally. Furthermore, the direction in which the adhesive layer ribs 700 extend is parallel to the inclined direction Dc. Consequently, the thin-film heater 10 is integrally formed as a surface parallel to the direction in which the adhesive layer ribs 700 extend.

[0066] Back Figure 2 and Figure 3 The protective layer 80 acts as a protective portion and is formed, for example, from a resin such as polycarbonate, thus providing electrical insulation. Additionally, the protective layer 80 allows electromagnetic waves to pass through. Furthermore, the protective layer 80, together with the transparent substrate 20, covers the transparent conductive film 30, the first lead portion 51, and the second lead portion 52. Thus, the protective layer 80 protects the transparent conductive film 30, the first lead portion 51, and the second lead portion 52.

[0067] Furthermore, the protective layer 80 is formed by wet coating, such as die coating, thereby, as Figure 7 As shown, it has multiple protective layer ribs 800. Therefore, the thin-film heater 10 exhibits anisotropy in its refraction of electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the protective layer ribs 800 and the adhesive layer ribs 700 can also be visually confirmed using visual inspection, a three-dimensional measuring instrument, or other means.

[0068] Furthermore, the protective layer ribs 800 extend along a direction Df and are arranged in a direction orthogonal to Df. Therefore, the protective layer ribs 800 extend vertically and are arranged horizontally. Additionally, the direction in which the protective layer ribs 800 extend is parallel to the inclined direction Dc. Consequently, the thin-film heater 10 is generally formed as a surface parallel to the direction in which the protective layer ribs 800 extend.

[0069] The thin-film heater 10 of the first embodiment is configured as described above. Next, the heat generated by the thin-film heater 10 will be explained.

[0070] Here, the first electrode 41 is the positive electrode, and the second electrode 42 is the negative electrode. Therefore, when a power source (not shown) supplies power to the thin-film heater 10, current flows from the power source (not shown) to the first electrode 41 via the first terminal portion 61 and the first lead portion 51. Additionally, current flows from the first electrode 41 to the second electrode 42 via the transparent conductive film 30. At this time, the current flows downwards within the transparent conductive film 30. Consequently, the transparent conductive film 30 heats up.

[0071] The thin-film heater 10 heats up as described above. Next, the difference between the shape of the suppressed object and the shape of the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves irradiated from and transmitted through the object will be explained.

[0072] Here, as Figure 8 As shown, as a comparative example, the adhesive layer reinforcement 700 extends in a direction orthogonal to a direction Df. In this case, the adhesive layer reinforcement 700 extends in a direction orthogonal to the inclined direction Dc. Furthermore, the protective layer reinforcement 800 extends in a direction orthogonal to a direction Df. In this case, the protective layer reinforcement 800 extends in a direction orthogonal to the inclined direction Dc.

[0073] In this case, due to the adhesive layer ribs 700 and protective layer ribs 800 extending in a direction orthogonal to one direction Df, electromagnetic waves irradiated from a circular object and passing through the thin-film heater 10 are less likely to be refracted in a direction orthogonal to one direction Df, but are more likely to be refracted in one direction Df. Therefore, as... Figure 9 As shown, the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the thin-film heater 10 becomes an ellipse with the axis extending vertically along the paper surface as its major axis and the axis extending horizontally along the paper surface as its minor axis. Therefore, in this case, the difference between the object shape and the shape of the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves irradiating the object and transmitted through the thin-film heater 10 is significant. Therefore, for example, when the camera 5 uses the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the thin-film heater 10 to detect the object shape, the detection accuracy of the object shape decreases. Furthermore, in Figure 9 In the diagram, the intensity of electromagnetic waves is represented by white dots. In the white areas, for example, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave is zero. Furthermore, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave in areas with a larger number of dots is higher than that in areas with a smaller number of dots.

[0074] In contrast, in the thin-film heater 10 of this embodiment, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the adhesive layer reinforcement 700 and the protective layer reinforcement 800 extend along a direction Df. Furthermore, this direction Df is preferably parallel to the inclined direction Dc. Therefore, the direction in which the adhesive layer reinforcement 700 and the protective layer reinforcement 800 extend is preferably parallel to the inclined direction Dc.

[0075] Therefore, electromagnetic waves irradiated from a circular object and passing through the thin-film heater 10 are easily refracted in a direction orthogonal to one direction Df, but are difficult to refract in the same direction Df. Thus, the expansion of the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves passing through the thin-film heater 10 in the direction Df is suppressed. Therefore, the situation where the shape of the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves passing through the thin-film heater 10 becomes the aforementioned elliptical shape is suppressed. Therefore, because the shape of the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves passing through the thin-film heater 10 is as described above... Figure 10 As shown, it becomes a shape close to a circle, thus approximating the shape of the object. Therefore, the difference between the object's shape and the shape of the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves illuminating and passing through the object is suppressed. Furthermore, in Figure 10 In the diagram, the intensity of electromagnetic waves is represented by white dots. In the white areas, for example, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave is zero. Furthermore, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave in areas with a larger number of dots is higher than that in areas with a smaller number of dots.

[0076] In addition, the thin-film heater 10 of the first embodiment also achieves the effects described below.

[0077] [1] Here, as Figure 11 As shown, sometimes the shielding portion 15 is formed on the surface of the second transparent portion 12 opposite to the first transparent portion 11, instead of on the surface of the second transparent portion 12. In this case, when the thin-film heater 10 is attached to the surface of the second transparent portion 12 on the side of the shielding portion 15 and to the shielding portion 15, a portion of the thin-film heater 10 is bent by the shielding portion 15, thereby forming a stepped portion in a portion of the thin-film heater 10. Because the refraction of electromagnetic waves through this stepped portion is different from the refraction of electromagnetic waves through the non-stepped portion of the thin-film heater 10, the difference between the shape of the object and the shape of the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves irradiated from the object and transmitted through the thin-film heater 10 becomes larger.

[0078] In contrast, in the thin-film heater 10 of the first embodiment, such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the entire thin-film heater 10 is made into a plane parallel to the direction in which the adhesive layer ribs 700 and the protective layer ribs 800 extend.

[0079] Therefore, since a step portion is not formed in a part of the thin-film heater 10, the difference in refraction caused by the step portion is suppressed. Thus, the difference between the shape of the object and the shape of the intensity distribution of the electromagnetic waves irradiating from the object and passing through the thin-film heater 10 is suppressed.

[0080] (Second Implementation)

[0081] In the second embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, the shape of the adhesive layer rib 700 differs from that of the first embodiment. Otherwise, it is the same as the first embodiment.

[0082] Specifically, instead of extending along a direction Df, the adhesive layer ribs 700 extend in a direction orthogonal to the direction Df. Furthermore, the adhesive layer ribs 700 extend in a direction orthogonal to the inclined direction Dc and in the left-right direction. Moreover, the adhesive layer ribs 700 are arranged in the direction Df, the inclined direction Dc, and the vertical direction. Additionally, similar to the first embodiment, the protective layer ribs 800 extend in the direction Df, the inclined direction Dc, and the vertical direction.

[0083] The thin-film heater 10 of the second embodiment is configured as described above. In this second embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as the first embodiment.

[0084] (Third implementation method)

[0085] In the third embodiment, such as Figure 13 As shown, the shape of the protective layer rib 800 differs from that of the first embodiment. Otherwise, it is the same as the first embodiment.

[0086] Specifically, instead of extending along a direction Df, the protective layer ribs 800 extend in a direction orthogonal to the direction Df. Furthermore, the protective layer ribs 800 extend in a direction orthogonal to the inclined direction Dc and in the left-right direction. Moreover, the protective layer ribs 800 are arranged in the direction Df, the inclined direction Dc, and the vertical direction. Additionally, similar to the first embodiment, the adhesive layer ribs 700 extend in the direction Df, the inclined direction Dc, and the vertical direction.

[0087] The thin-film heater 10 of the third embodiment is configured as described above. In this third embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as the first embodiment.

[0088] (Fourth Implementation)

[0089] In the fourth embodiment, such as Figure 14 As shown, the shapes of the first electrode 41 and the second electrode 42 differ from those in the first embodiment. Otherwise, they are the same as in the first embodiment.

[0090] Specifically, instead of being connected to the upper part of the transparent conductive film 30, the first electrode 41 is connected to the right part of the transparent conductive film 30. Instead of being connected to the lower part of the transparent conductive film 30, the second electrode 42 is connected to the left part of the transparent conductive film 30. In this case, when a power source (not shown) supplies power to the thin-film heater 10, the direction of the current flowing in the transparent conductive film 30 changes from the downward direction to the leftward direction.

[0091] The thin-film heater 10 of the fourth embodiment is configured as described above. In this fourth embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as in the first embodiment.

[0092] (Fifth implementation method)

[0093] In the fifth embodiment, such as Figure 15 As shown, the configuration of the thin-film heater 10 differs from that of the first embodiment. Otherwise, it is the same as the first embodiment.

[0094] Specifically, instead of being attached to the second transparent portion 12, the adhesive layer 70 is attached to the side of the first transparent portion 11 opposite to the middle portion 13. In this case, the thin-film heater 10 is attached to the exterior of the vehicle 1 in the windshield 3. Furthermore, the transparent substrate 20 is located on the exterior of the vehicle 1 relative to the adhesive layer 70. Moreover, the transparent conductive film 30 is located on the exterior of the vehicle 1 relative to the transparent substrate 20. Additionally, the protective layer 80 is located on the exterior of the vehicle 1 relative to the transparent conductive film 30.

[0095] The thin-film heater 10 of the fifth embodiment is configured as described above. In this fifth embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as the first embodiment.

[0096] (Sixth Implementation Method)

[0097] In the sixth embodiment, such as Figure 16 As shown, the shape of the thin-film heater 10 differs from that of the first embodiment. Otherwise, it is the same as the first embodiment.

[0098] Specifically, instead of being attached to the transparent substrate 20, the adhesive layer 70 is attached to the protective layer 80. In this case, the transparent conductive film 30 is located inside the vehicle interior of the vehicle 1 relative to the protective layer 80. Furthermore, the transparent substrate 20 is located inside the vehicle interior of the vehicle 1 relative to the transparent conductive film 30.

[0099] The thin-film heater 10 of the sixth embodiment is configured as described above. In this sixth embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as the first embodiment.

[0100] (Seventh Implementation)

[0101] In the seventh embodiment, such as Figure 17As shown, the configuration of the thin-film heater 10 differs from that of the sixth embodiment. Otherwise, it is the same as the sixth embodiment.

[0102] Specifically, instead of being attached to the second transparent portion 12, the adhesive layer 70 is attached to the side of the first transparent portion 11 opposite to the middle portion 13. In this case, the thin-film heater 10 is attached to the exterior of the vehicle 1 in the windshield 3. Furthermore, the transparent conductive film 30 is located on the exterior of the vehicle 1 relative to the protective layer 80. Moreover, the transparent substrate 20 is located on the exterior of the vehicle 1 relative to the transparent conductive film 30.

[0103] The thin-film heater 10 of the seventh embodiment is configured as described above. In this seventh embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as in the sixth embodiment.

[0104] (Eighth Implementation)

[0105] In the eighth embodiment, such as Figure 18 As shown, the configuration of the thin-film heater 10 differs from that of the first embodiment. Otherwise, it is the same as the first embodiment.

[0106] Specifically, instead of being attached to the second transparent portion 12, the adhesive layer 70 is attached to the first transparent portion 11 between the first transparent portion 11 and the intermediate portion 13. In this case, the thin-film heater 10 is located between the first transparent portion 11 and the intermediate portion 13 in the thickness direction DT. In addition, instead of the first transparent portion 11, the intermediate portion 13 is bonded to the protective layer 80.

[0107] The thin-film heater 10 of the eighth embodiment is configured as described above. In this eighth embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as in the first embodiment.

[0108] (Ninth Implementation)

[0109] In the ninth embodiment, such as Figure 19 As shown, the arrangement of the thin-film heater 10 and the shape of the shielding portion 15 differ from those of the eighth embodiment. Otherwise, they are the same as in the eighth embodiment.

[0110] Specifically, instead of being attached to the first transparent portion 11, the adhesive layer 70 is attached to the second transparent portion 12 between the second transparent portion 12 and the intermediate portion 13. In this case, instead of the second transparent portion 12, the intermediate portion 13 is bonded to the first transparent portion 11. Furthermore, the transparent substrate 20 is located on the exterior side of the vehicle 1 relative to the adhesive layer 70. Furthermore, the transparent conductive film 30 is located on the exterior side of the vehicle 1 relative to the transparent substrate 20. Furthermore, the protective layer 80 is located on the exterior side of the vehicle 1 relative to the transparent conductive film 30. Furthermore, instead of being formed on the surface of the second transparent portion 12 opposite to the first transparent portion 11, the shielding portion 15 is formed on the surface of the second transparent portion 12.

[0111] The thin-film heater 10 of the ninth embodiment is configured as described above. In this ninth embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as in the eighth embodiment.

[0112] (Tenth Implementation)

[0113] In the tenth embodiment, such as Figure 20 As shown, the windshield 3 and the thin-film heater 10 have different shapes than in the first embodiment. Otherwise, they are the same as in the first embodiment.

[0114] Specifically, instead of the middle portion 13, the windshield 3 has a first middle portion 131 and a second middle portion 132.

[0115] The first intermediate portion 131 and the second intermediate portion 132 are bonded with a hot melt adhesive or similar bonding agent. Furthermore, the first intermediate portion 131 is bonded to the first transparent portion 11 between the first transparent portion 11 and the second transparent portion 12. Furthermore, the second intermediate portion 132 is bonded to the second transparent portion 12 and the shielding portion 15 between the first transparent portion 11 and the second transparent portion 12.

[0116] The thin-film heater 10 does not have an adhesive layer 70. Furthermore, the thin-film heater 10 is located between the first intermediate portion 131 and the second intermediate portion 132 in the thickness direction DT. Furthermore, the transparent substrate 20 is bonded to the first intermediate portion 131 between the first intermediate portion 131 and the second intermediate portion 132. Additionally, the protective layer 80 is bonded to the second intermediate portion 132 between the first intermediate portion 131 and the second intermediate portion 132.

[0117] The thin-film heater 10 of the tenth embodiment is configured as described above. In this tenth embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as the first embodiment.

[0118] (Eleventh Implementation Method)

[0119] In the eleventh embodiment, such as Figure 21 As shown, the shape of the thin-film heater 10 differs from that of the tenth embodiment. Otherwise, it is the same as the tenth embodiment.

[0120] Specifically, the transparent substrate 20 is bonded to the second intermediate portion 132 instead of the first intermediate portion 131. The protective layer 80 is bonded to the first intermediate portion 131 instead of the second intermediate portion 132.

[0121] The thin-film heater 10 of the eleventh embodiment is configured as described above. In this eleventh embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as in the tenth embodiment.

[0122] (Twelfth Implementation)

[0123] In the twelfth embodiment, as Figure 22 As shown, the windshield 3 and the thin-film heater 10 have different shapes than in the first embodiment. Otherwise, they are the same as in the first embodiment.

[0124] Specifically, instead of the middle portion 13, the windshield 3 has a first middle portion 131 and a second middle portion 132.

[0125] The first intermediate portion 131 and the second intermediate portion 132 are bonded with a hot melt adhesive or similar bonding agent. Furthermore, the first intermediate portion 131 and the second intermediate portion 132 are arranged at intervals in the left-right direction. Moreover, the first intermediate portion 131 is bonded to the first transparent portion 11, the second transparent portion 12, and the shielding portion 15 between the first transparent portion 11 and the second transparent portion 12. Similarly, the second intermediate portion 132 is bonded to the first transparent portion 11, the second transparent portion 12, and the shielding portion 15 between the first transparent portion 11 and the second transparent portion 12.

[0126] The thin-film heater 10 is located between the first transparent portion 11 and the second transparent portion 12 in the thickness direction DT, and between the first intermediate portion 131 and the second intermediate portion 132 in the left-right direction. Thus, the thin-film heater 10 is surrounded by the first transparent portion 11, the second transparent portion 12, the first intermediate portion 131, and the second intermediate portion 132. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 70 is attached to the first transparent portion 11 between the first transparent portion 11 and the second transparent portion 12. Additionally, the protective layer 80 is opposite to the second transparent portion 12 in the thickness direction DT. Furthermore, one end of the transparent substrate 20, the adhesive layer 70, and the protective layer 80 in the left-right direction is bonded to the first intermediate portion 131. Additionally, the other end of the transparent substrate 20, the adhesive layer 70, and the protective layer 80 in the left-right direction is bonded to the second intermediate portion 132.

[0127] The thin-film heater 10 of the twelfth embodiment is configured as described above. In this twelfth embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as the first embodiment.

[0128] (Thirteenth Implementation Method)

[0129] In the thirteenth embodiment, such as Figure 23 As shown, the shape of the thin-film heater 10 differs from that of the twelfth embodiment. Otherwise, it is the same as that of the twelfth embodiment.

[0130] Specifically, instead of being attached to the first transparent portion 11, the adhesive layer 70 is attached to the second transparent portion 12. Instead of being opposite the second transparent portion 12 in the thickness direction DT, the protective layer 80 is opposite to the first transparent portion 11 in the thickness direction DT. In this case, the transparent substrate 20 is located outside the vehicle body of the vehicle 1 relative to the adhesive layer 70. Furthermore, the transparent conductive film 30 is located outside the vehicle body of the vehicle 1 relative to the portion of the transparent substrate 20 to which the adhesive layer 70 is attached. Furthermore, the protective layer 80 is located outside the vehicle body of the vehicle 1 relative to the transparent conductive film 30.

[0131] The thin-film heater 10 of the thirteenth embodiment is configured as described above. In this thirteenth embodiment, it also achieves the same effect as in the twelfth embodiment.

[0132] (Other implementation methods)

[0133] This disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and appropriate modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments. Furthermore, it is self-evident in the above embodiments that, except for those specifically stated to be necessary or those clearly considered necessary in principle, the elements constituting the embodiments are not necessarily essential.

[0134] In the above embodiments, the thin-film heater 10 performs de-icing, snow melting, and defogging on the windshield 3, but is not limited to this. The thin-film heater 10 can also perform de-icing, snow melting, and defogging on millimeter-wave radar devices (not shown), LiDAR, and headlights mounted on the vehicle 1.

[0135] Furthermore, the thin-film heater 10 is not limited to use in vehicle 1; for example, it can also be used in devices not shown in the figure.

[0136] In the above embodiments, the first electrode 41 is the positive electrode and the second electrode 42 is the negative electrode. Alternatively, the first electrode 41 can be the negative electrode and the second electrode 42 can be the positive electrode.

[0137] The above-described embodiments can also be combined appropriately.

Claims

1. A thin-film heater, characterized in that, have: A transparent conductive film (30) that allows electromagnetic waves from an object to pass through and is conductive; A first electrode (41) is connected to the transparent conductive film; A first terminal portion (61) is connected to the first electrode and to a power source; The second electrode (42) is connected to the transparent conductive film; The second terminal portion (62) is connected to the second electrode and to the power supply; as well as Adhesive part (70) is attached to a transparent body (3) through which electromagnetic waves can pass. The transparent conductive film is heated by the flow of current within it between the first electrode and the second electrode. The adhesive portion has multiple ribs (700). The rib extends in a direction (Df) from the first electrode and the second electrode toward the first terminal and the second terminal when the first electrode, the first terminal portion, the second electrode, and the second terminal portion are located on the same plane.

2. The thin-film heater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent body is tilted relative to the ground (G). The direction in which the rib extends (Df) is parallel to the direction in which the transparent body extends obliquely (Dc).

3. A thin-film heater, characterized in that, have: A transparent conductive film (30) that allows electromagnetic waves to pass through and is conductive; A first electrode (41) is connected to the transparent conductive film; A first terminal portion (61) is connected to the first electrode and to a power source; The second electrode (42) is connected to the transparent conductive film; The second terminal portion (62) is connected to the second electrode and to the power supply; as well as A protective portion (80) covers and protects the transparent conductive film. The transparent conductive film is heated by the flow of current within it between the first electrode and the second electrode. The protective part has multiple ribs (800). The rib extends in a direction (Df) from the first electrode and the second electrode toward the first terminal and the second terminal when the first electrode, the first terminal portion, the second electrode, and the second terminal portion are located on the same plane.

4. The thin-film heater according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thin-film heater is attached to a transparent body (3) through which electromagnetic waves can pass. The transparent body is tilted relative to the ground (G). The direction in which the rib extends (Df) is parallel to the direction in which the transparent body extends obliquely (Dc).

5. The thin-film heater according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The thin-film heater is configured as a plane parallel to the direction (Df) in which the rib extends.

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