Chives soil-borne disease reduction soil treatment method

Abstract

This invention relates to a soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases in shallots. The steps are as follows: Remove previous crop branches, stones, weeds, and abandoned crops; spray the soil surface with a 1% solution of molasses per acre and let it stand for 1-2 days; level the soil and evenly spread sugarcane bagasse and biochar on the soil surface, then mechanically till the soil to mix the bagasse and biochar evenly into the soil; after tilling and mixing, dig furrows in sections; after furrowing, irrigate with 50-60 tons of water per acre; then promptly cover with a plastic film, stretching the film flat to the bottom of the furrows and folding it back to form a base, temporarily securing the furrow bottom with small amounts of soil in sections, expelling air, and then backfilling and compacting the soil; remove the film 30 days after covering; if the soil moisture is too high after removing the film, let it dry until the moisture level is suitable before tilling, and evenly apply urea at a ratio of 20 kg per acre, mixing thoroughly before planting shallots. This invention can effectively prevent and suppress the incidence of soil-borne diseases in shallots caused by continuous cropping obstacles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to methods for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of crops in large-scale agricultural production, particularly a soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots. Background Technology

[0002] Scallions (scientific name: *Allium tuberosum*, scallion, evergreen scallion, chive) are a common condiment with a huge demand. To meet the daily needs of people both domestically and internationally, many large-scale agricultural enterprises have emerged, engaging in large-scale continuous cropping. Many enterprises and even farmers are forced to continuously plant the same crop on the same plot of land to fulfill large orders. This has led to a serious problem: continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in an increase in scallion diseases, higher incidence rates, and a rise in instances where the quality and yield of scallions fail to meet order requirements. This causes a decline in the quality of contract fulfillment by production enterprises and an increase in breach of contract disputes. The main symptoms of scallion diseases include plant wilting, leaf spots, stunted growth, damage, and even the death of the entire plant.

[0003] To overcome this problem, people have tried many methods, but so far no effective solution has been found.

[0004] To clarify the causes of soil-borne diseases in shallots, the applicant has conducted years of dedicated research, particularly focusing on the direct causes and control methods of typical shallot diseases, employing various methods to explore these issues. Currently, the direct cause of the disease is largely identified as infection and damage to the plants by *Cyclophorus oxysporum*, *Cyclophorus rotundus*, *Ralstonia solanacearum*, and *Rhizoctonia solani* that thrive in the soil. However, there are currently no reports on corresponding control techniques for large-scale infestations of shallots by these pathogens. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, this invention proposes a soil treatment method to reduce soil-borne diseases of shallots, in order to solve the problems of high disease incidence and reduced yield and quality caused by continuous cropping of shallots.

[0006] The soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots proposed in this invention is characterized by the following steps: (1) Remove branches, stones, weeds, abandoned crops, and residues from the previous crop field; (2) After drying the bagasse and biochar, the soil is leveled. The fineness of the bagasse powder is not less than 2mm. 900kg of bagasse powder and 200kg of biochar are evenly spread on the soil surface. The soil is then tilled by machinery to mix the bagasse and biochar powder evenly in the soil. (3) When the tillage and mixing are finished, dig furrows by plot, with the furrows being 15-20cm wide and 30cm deep; (4) After the trenching is completed, use clean water sprinkler irrigation, with 50-60 tons of water sprayed per mu to soak the soil thoroughly; (5) After the water sprinkler irrigation is completed, cover the film in time. When covering the film, pull the film flat to the bottom of the ditch around the perimeter and fold it back to pad the bottom. Use a small amount of soil to temporarily press the bottom of the ditch in sections to fix it. After confirming that the air is discharged, put the soil back on to press the film. (6) The time from the end of covering the film to the removal of the film is 30 days. If it rains in the open environment, the time for removing the film will be extended by the corresponding number of days (the film will be removed a few days later if it rains for a few days). (7) When the soil moisture is too wet after removing the film, it can be dried until the moisture is suitable. When plowing, apply urea evenly at a ratio of 20 kg per mu and plow and mix thoroughly before planting (scallions).

[0007] The above steps are implemented from April to September each year for greenhouse facilities and from May to August each year for open-air facilities.

[0008] After step (1) and before step (2), apply molasses at a ratio of 1% to 5 tons of water per acre and spray it onto the soil surface. Leave it for 1-2 days to activate and induce harmful bacteria to consume the molasses.

[0009] For step (2), when tilling, till from shallow to deep and from slow to fast to achieve a thorough and even mixing effect.

[0010] Step (2) The bagasse must be kept dry and must not be damp, moldy, deteriorated or degraded, so as not to affect the treatment effect. If it is damp before use, it must be dried in a suitable place in time, or dried by a machine. Moldy bagasse cannot be used and must be replaced before use.

[0011] In step (2), bagasse and biochar powder must be spread evenly, paying special attention to any omissions around the edges and along the ditch, so as not to affect the treatment effect.

[0012] For step (3), trenching is carried out around the perimeter using a trenching machine according to the size of the plastic film and the greenhouse.

[0013] For step (4), after the water spraying is completed, the soil at the edge and along the ditch should be checked. If the water is uneven or not penetrating, it is necessary to spray again or manually water it evenly to achieve the soaking effect.

[0014] For step (5), the backfill soil in the trench is piled up to a height of 5cm and then compacted. The backfill and compaction of the soil can be done by appropriate mechanical rolling or manual trampling.

[0015] Step (5) Select a tough and durable transparent film. Wear gloves when stretching the film to prevent fingernails from scratching it. Check the film for damage when covering it. Temporary barriers should be set up for open-air scenes to prevent small animals and people from damaging it and causing air leakage.

[0016] Step (6): When removing the film, use scissors to cut the film around the perimeter 30cm from the trench surface (soil surface), and then fold the film over. The film pressed into the trench cannot be removed. Fold the film 30cm from the trench outwards and fix it to create a physical barrier to prevent cross-contamination between the diseased soil pressed under the film and the treated new soil, which could lead to the recurrence of the disease.

[0017] Before tilling after removing the film, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the blades and wheels of the machinery. When tilling, leave a 5cm gap in the film in the furrow to avoid damaging the film and causing cross-contamination and secondary disease.

[0018] For step (7), after applying urea, the shallots should be naturally dried for 1-3 days before planting.

[0019] Another method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots according to the present invention is characterized by the following steps: (1) Remove branches, stones, weeds, abandoned crops, and residues from the previous crop field; (2) The field is tilled twice by machinery, with a tillage depth of 30cm, in order to achieve thorough tillage and break up soil clods. (3) When the tillage is finished, use a trenching machine to open trenches according to the size of the plastic film or greenhouse: (4) After the trenching is completed, spray the soil surface with clean water at a rate of 30 tons per mu. Two hours later, use 200 kg of dry alcohol powder diluted with 15 tons of water per mu for uniform spraying. (5) After the sprinkler irrigation is completed, cover the soil with a film in time. When covering the film, it is necessary to stretch the film to the bottom of the ditch around the perimeter and fold it back to pad the bottom. Use a small amount of soil to temporarily press the bottom of the ditch in sections to fix it. After confirming that the air is removed, the soil can be backfilled and the film can be pressed. Backfill the soil in the ditch and pile it up to 5cm above the soil surface and then compact it. (6) The time from the end of covering the film to the removal of the film is 20 days. If it rains in the open environment, the time for removing the film will be extended to the number of rainy days. (7) If the soil moisture is too wet after removing the film, let it dry until the moisture is suitable before turning it over. Let it dry naturally for 1-3 days before planting scallions.

[0020] The above steps are to be implemented from April to September each year for greenhouse facilities and from May to August each year for open-air environments.

[0021] The trench dimensions in step (3) are 15-20cm wide and 30cm deep.

[0022] When spraying alcohol dry powder liquid in step (4), pay attention to keeping the wind speed, water pressure and nozzle coverage size appropriate to ensure uniform spraying.

[0023] Alcohol powder should be used promptly after being diluted with water and should not be left overnight to avoid degradation and volatilization that would affect its effectiveness.

[0024] Step (5): When manually stretching the film, be careful not to break the film with your fingernails.

[0025] When covering the membrane with plastic film and backfilling with soil, it is important to fill the trench with soil and compact or tamp it down to ensure that there is no air leakage.

[0026] When the film covering is finished, the film should be inspected, and any damage should be repaired promptly. When the film covering is finished, temporary fencing should be used to surround the treatment area to prevent people and animals from entering and damaging the film.

[0027] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are that it can effectively kill or inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, effectively reduce the incidence of disease in shallots under continuous cropping conditions, and ensure the yield and quality of large-scale continuous cropping farmland. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a comparison table of the original test data before and after the treatment of diseased soil according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a table of primer information and amplification conditions used in the detection process of this invention.

[0030] Figure 1 The units of the values ​​in the table are lg gene copies / g dry soil (a commonly used logarithmic value for the number of gene copies per unit of dry soil). Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical effects of the present invention will be further illustrated below with specific examples.

[0032] Time: June-July 2025.

[0033] Location: A scallion planting base in Luxi County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

[0034] Before implementation, the plot of land (approximately 60 mu) had been continuously planted with shallots for seven years, resulting in a declining yield year after year.

[0035] Therefore, based on the above steps, the soil of the plot was treated as follows: Before processing, remove branches, stones, weeds, and abandoned crops from the field.

[0036] Then, the soil was treated on some plots according to the first method mentioned above.

[0037] After removing waste from the ground, spray 5 tons of water diluted with molasses at a ratio of 1% per acre onto the soil surface. The purpose is to activate and induce harmful bacteria to eat the molasses, and then eliminate them.

[0038] Molasses is rich in sugar, and when applied to the soil, root rot pathogens are quickly activated and attempt to feed on it. If the soil is well-aerated and the crop roots are damaged, watering with molasses alone at this time will exacerbate crop diseases in the short term. However, in this invention, the soil is already free of crops. Once the pathogens obtain the molasses, they multiply rapidly, competing with all aerobic bacteria for it. This rapid increase in population size, coupled with the intense respiration of the microorganisms, instantly depletes the oxygen in the soil, creating an extreme anaerobic environment. Simultaneously, under the anaerobic conditions of the mulch, anaerobic fermentation produces a large amount of acidic substances, directly killing pathogens, including root rot fungi.

[0039] The correct method, as discovered through this invention, is to inject a large dose and immediately cover and seal it. The incorrect method is to inject small amounts multiple times without covering.

[0040] After drying, sugarcane bagasse and biochar, the soil is leveled and then pulverized to a fineness of not less than 2mm. Apply 900 kg of dry sugarcane bagasse powder and 200 kg of biochar powder per acre, evenly spreading them onto the soil surface. Use machinery to effectively till the soil, gradually increasing the depth and speed (sugarcane bagasse and biochar powder are dry powders, easily causing dust and waste. The first pass using a rotary tiller with a slow speed and shallow depth helps prevent waste of the dry sugarcane bagasse and biochar powder, facilitates operation, and ensures more even mixing. The second pass increases the rotary speed and depth to achieve the required depth (30cm) and uniformity for mixing the raw materials), ensuring thorough and even mixing.

[0041] When the tillage and mixing are finished, use a trenching machine to dig trenches around the perimeter according to the size of the plastic film and greenhouse. The trenches should be 15-20cm wide and 30cm deep.

[0042] After the trenching is completed, use clean water sprinkler irrigation, spraying 50-60 tons of water per acre to thoroughly soak the land.

[0043] After the water sprinkler irrigation is completed, cover the trench with a plastic film promptly. When covering the film, stretch it flat to the bottom of the trench and fold it back to form a base. Use a small amount of soil to temporarily press down on the bottom of the trench in sections to secure it. Only after confirming that the air has been expelled can the soil be backfilled and the film pressed down. Backfill the trench with soil, pile it up to a height of 5cm, and then compact it. (Both backfilling and compaction can be done using appropriate mechanical rolling or manual trampling).

[0044] The time from the end of the film covering to the removal of the film is 30 days. If it rains in the open environment, the removal time will be postponed accordingly (the film will be removed a few days later if it rains for a few days).

[0045] If the soil is too wet after removing the film, it can be dried until the moisture is suitable before plowing. Apply urea evenly at a ratio of 20 kg per acre, plow and mix thoroughly, and then let it dry naturally for 1-3 days before planting the shallots.

[0046] The following points should be noted during the above process: When purchasing bagasse, it should be promptly spread out in a suitable drying area to dry until it reaches the required dryness. Mechanical drying can also be used. During storage, it should not be exposed to moisture to prevent mold, deterioration, or degradation, which would affect its effectiveness.

[0047] Bagasse and biochar powder must be spread evenly, and special attention should be paid to the perimeter and ditches where there may be omissions, so as not to affect the treatment effect.

[0048] After spraying with clean water, check the soil along the edges and ditches. If uneven or insufficient water penetration is observed, re-spray or manually water to ensure even saturation and avoid affecting the treatment effect.

[0049] When the water spraying application is finished, the film must be covered in time to prevent partial degradation and ineffectiveness.

[0050] Choose a high-quality, resilient, and tear-resistant transparent film. Wear gloves when stretching the film to prevent scratches from fingernails. Check the film for damage at the end of the covering process. For open-air areas, temporary fencing is necessary to prevent damage from small animals or people that could cause air leaks.

[0051] When removing the film, use scissors to cut the film around the perimeter 30cm from the trench surface (soil surface). Fold the film over. The film pressed into the trench cannot be removed. Fold the 30cm extended film outwards and fix it to create a physical barrier to prevent cross-contamination between the diseased soil pressed under the film and the treated new soil, thus preventing the disease from recurring.

[0052] After removing the film and before tilling, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the blades and wheels of the machinery. When tilling, leave a 5cm gap in the film in the furrow to avoid damaging the film and causing cross-contamination and disease recurrence.

[0053] As mentioned earlier, the main pathogens of shallots are *Cyclophorus oxysporum*, *Cyclophorus rotundus*, *Ralstonia solanacearum*, and *Rhizoctonia solani*.

[0054] For another portion of the land, another solution of the present invention is used. The steps are as follows: (1) Remove branches, stones, weeds, abandoned crops, and residues from the previous crop field; (2) After the previous step, the field is tilled twice by machinery, with a tilling depth of 30cm, in order to achieve the effect of thorough tilling and uniform soil breaking; (3) When the tillage is finished, use a trenching machine to open trenches according to the size of the plastic film or greenhouse: (4) After the trenching is completed, spray the soil surface with clean water at a rate of 30 tons per mu. Two hours later, use 200 kg of dry alcohol powder diluted with 15 tons of water per mu for uniform spraying. (5) After the sprinkler irrigation is completed, cover the soil with a film in time. When covering the film, it is necessary to stretch the film to the bottom of the ditch around the perimeter and fold it back to pad the bottom. Use a small amount of soil to temporarily press the bottom of the ditch in sections to fix it. After confirming that the air is removed, the soil can be backfilled and the film can be pressed. Backfill the soil in the ditch and pile it up to 5cm above the soil surface and then compact it. (6) The time from the end of covering the film to the removal of the film is 20 days. If it rains in the open environment, the time for removing the film will be extended to the number of rainy days. (7) If the soil moisture is too wet after removing the film, let it dry until the moisture is suitable before turning it over. Let it dry naturally for 1-3 days before planting scallions.

[0055] The trench dimensions in step (3) are 15-20cm wide and 30cm deep.

[0056] When spraying the alcohol powder solution in step (4), pay attention to maintaining appropriate wind speed, water pressure, and nozzle coverage size to ensure uniform spraying. Use the alcohol powder immediately after diluting with water; do not leave it overnight to avoid degradation and volatilization affecting the effect. When manually stretching the film, be careful not to tear it with your fingernails. When backfilling the film with soil, ensure the soil in the trench is completely filled and compacted to prevent air leakage. At the end of the film covering process, inspect the film; repair any damage promptly. After the film covering is complete, use temporary fencing to surround the treated area to prevent personnel and animals from entering and damaging the film.

[0057] After the plots were treated using the two methods described above, no obvious disease was found in the shallots, and the quality and yield both met customer requirements, ensuring the full fulfillment of the shallot order contract.

[0058] Before treatment, samples of the original soil were taken and retained. After treatment, samples of the soil treated by both methods were taken separately and sent to a key laboratory of a well-known university in China for testing and analysis. The testing methods, principles, and results are as follows: 1. Purpose of detection: Abundance of soil-borne plant pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Rhizoctonia solani).

[0059] 2. Detection Method 2.1 Detection Principle This method utilizes quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technology to quantitatively amplify and analyze the specific gene sequences of typical pathogens in soil samples. qPCR relies on real-time monitoring of the accumulation of PCR amplification products using fluorescence signals. By constructing a standard curve, the Ct value (cycle threshold) is converted into the target gene copy number, enabling the determination of the absolute abundance of pathogens (copies / g dry soil). This method offers advantages such as high sensitivity, strong specificity, and good reproducibility, making it particularly suitable for the quantitative analysis of low-abundance microorganisms in complex environmental samples (such as soil).

[0060] 2.2 Extraction of soil DNA After thorough mixing, 0.5 g of soil sample was weighed and soil DNA was extracted using the FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil (MPBiomedicals, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. The extracted DNA was then dissolved in 100 μL of buffer. The DNA concentration and purity were assessed using a DS-11 spectrophotometer (Denovix, USA).

[0061] 2.3 Quantitative Real-Time PCR Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using a QuanStudio 3 Real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). Each PCR reaction mixture consisted of 20 μl of SYBR Green premixTaq (2×, AG Bio Inc., China), 2 μl of target DNA, 1 μl each of forward and reverse primers, and 6 μl of sterile distilled water. Melting curve analysis was performed at the end of each PCR run to assess amplification specificity. Specific pathogen primers and amplification procedures are shown in Appendix 1.

[0062] 3. Measurement Results To assess the impact of different treatments on soil pathogens, the abundance of four typical pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Rhizoctonia solani) was quantitatively determined under three treatment conditions (control, bagasse, and alcohol powder). The results showed that the abundance of Fusarium oxysporum in the control soil was 4.30 × 10⁻⁶. 6 The number of copies / g dry soil decreased significantly after treatment with this invention, with bagasse and alcohol dry powder showing values ​​of 9.27 × 10⁻⁶. 3 copies / g dry soil and 2.05×10 5 The percentages of copies / g dry soil and the concentration of [unclear] decreased by 99.8% and 95.2% respectively compared to the control.

[0063] The abundance of *Fusarium solani* in the control soil was 9.65 × 10⁻⁶. 5 The copies / g dry soil, bagasse, and alcohol powder treatments were 1.12 × 10⁻⁶ copies / g dry soil, respectively. 5 copies / g dry soil and 1.85×10 5 copies / g dry soil. Compared with the control, the levels were significantly reduced by 88.4% and 80.8%, respectively.

[0064] The abundance of *Ralstonia solanacearum* in the control treatment was 2.48 × 10⁻⁶. 5The abundance of sugarcane bagasse and alcohol dry soil treated with the present invention decreased by 73.7% and 49.0%, respectively.

[0065] The abundance of Rhizoctonia solani in the control treatment was 7.05 × 10⁻⁶. 4 The copies / g dry soil of this invention, after processing bagasse and alcohol powder, is 3.79 × 10⁻⁶. 2 copies / g dry soil and 5.81×10 3 The copies / g dry soil concentrations were significantly lower than the control, decreasing by 99.5% and 91.8%, respectively.

[0066] Overall, the abundance of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Rhizoctonia solani were significantly reduced under the treatment method of this invention, indicating that this invention has a good effect on reducing soil pathogens.

[0067] The primer information and amplification conditions used in the detection process are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0068] Figure 2 The references listed are as follows: References [1] Lievens B, Brouwer M, Vanachter AC, Levesque CA, Cammue BP, Thomma BP (2005) Quantitative assessment of phytopathogenic fungi in various substrates using a DNA macroarray. Environmental microbiology 7: 1698-1710. doi: 10.1111 / j.1462-2920.2005.00816.x

[0069] [2] Lievens B, Brouwer M, Vanachter ACRC, Cammue BPA, Thomma BPHJ (2006) Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of fungal and oomycetetomato pathogens in plant and soil samples. Plant Science 171: 155-165. doi:10.1016 / j.plantsci.2006.03.009

[0070] [3] Schönfeld J, Heuer H, van Elsas JD, Smalla K (2003) Specific and Sensitive Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in Soil on the Basis of PCRAmplification of fliC Fragments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69:12. doi: 10.1128 / aem.69.12.7248-7256.2003 (Schönfeld J, Heuer H, van Elsas ID, Smalla K (2003). Specific and Sensitive Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in Soil on the Basis of PCRAmplification of fliC Fragments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69:12. doi:10.1128 / aem.69.12.7248.2003).

Claims

1. A method of reducing soil-borne diseases of chives by soil treatment, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: (1) Remove branches, stones, weeds, abandoned crops, and residues from the previous crop field; (2) After drying the bagasse and biochar, the soil is leveled. The fineness of the powder is not less than 2mm. 900kg of bagasse powder and 200kg of biochar are evenly spread on the soil surface. The soil is then tilled by machinery to mix the bagasse and molasses evenly in the soil. (3) When the tillage and mixing are finished, dig furrows by plot, with the furrows being 15-20cm wide and 30cm deep; (4) After the trenching is completed, use clean water sprinkler irrigation, with 50-60 tons of water sprayed per mu to soak the soil thoroughly; (5) After the water sprinkler irrigation is completed, cover the film in time. When covering the film, pull the film flat to the bottom of the ditch around the perimeter and fold it back to pad the bottom. Use a small amount of soil to temporarily press the bottom of the ditch in sections to fix it. After confirming that the air is discharged, put the soil back on to press the film. (6) The time from the end of covering the film to the removal of the film is 30 days. If it rains in the open environment, the time for removing the film will be extended by the corresponding number of days (the film will be removed a few days later if it rains for a few days). (7) When the soil moisture is too wet after removing the film, it can be dried until the moisture is suitable. When plowing, apply urea evenly at a ratio of 20 kg per mu and plow and mix thoroughly before planting (scallions).

2. A soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases in shallots, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: (1) Remove branches, stones, weeds, abandoned crops, and residues from the previous crop field; (2) After the previous step, the field is tilled twice by machinery, with a tilling depth of 30cm, in order to achieve the effect of thorough tilling and uniform soil breaking; (3) When the tillage is finished, use a trenching machine to open trenches according to the size of the plastic film or greenhouse: (4) After the trenching is completed, spray the soil surface with clean water at a rate of 30 tons per mu. Two hours later, use 200 kg of dry alcohol powder diluted with 15 tons of water per mu for uniform spraying. (5) After the sprinkler irrigation is completed, cover the soil with a film in time. When covering the film, it is necessary to stretch the film to the bottom of the ditch around the perimeter and fold it back to pad the bottom. Use a small amount of soil to temporarily press the bottom of the ditch in sections to fix it. After confirming that the air is removed, the soil can be backfilled and the film can be pressed. Backfill the soil in the ditch and pile it up to 5cm above the soil surface and then compact it. (6) The time from the end of covering the film to the removal of the film is 20 days. If it rains in the open environment, the time for removing the film will be extended to the number of rainy days. (7) If the soil moisture is too wet after removing the film, let it dry until the moisture is suitable before turning it over. Let it dry naturally for 1-3 days before planting scallions.

3. The soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The implementation period is from April to September each year for greenhouse facilities and from May to August each year for open-air facilities.

4. The soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step (1) and before step (2), apply molasses at a ratio of 1% to 5 tons of water per acre to the soil surface to activate and induce harmful microorganisms for 1-2 days.

5. The soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (2) The bagasse must be kept dry and must not be damp, moldy, deteriorated or degraded, so as not to affect the treatment effect. If it is damp before use, it must be dried in a suitable place in time, or dried by a machine. Moldy bagasse cannot be used and must be replaced before use.

6. The soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), bagasse and biochar powder must be spread evenly, paying special attention to any omissions around the edges and along the ditch, so as not to affect the treatment effect.

7. The soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots according to claim 1, characterized in that, For step (4), after the water spraying is completed, the soil at the edge and along the ditch should be checked. If the water is uneven or not penetrating, it is necessary to spray again or manually water it evenly to achieve the soaking effect.

8. The soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, For step (5), the backfill soil in the trench is piled up to a height of 5cm and then compacted. The backfill and compaction of the soil can be done by appropriate mechanical rolling or manual trampling.

9. The soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The film should be a tough, transparent film that is not easily damaged. When stretching the film, gloves should be worn to prevent fingernails from scratching it. When the covering is finished, the film should be checked for damage. Temporary barriers should be set up for open-air scenes to prevent small animals and people from damaging it and causing air leakage.

10. The soil treatment method for reducing soil-borne diseases of shallots according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When removing the film, use scissors to cut the film around the perimeter 30cm from the trench surface (soil surface), then fold the film over. The film pressed into the trench cannot be removed. Fold the film 30cm from the trench outwards to secure it, thus creating a physical barrier to prevent cross-contamination between the diseased soil pressed under the film and the treated new soil.

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