A multi-source perception irrigation and drainage dynamic regulation system for terrace scenes

Abstract

This invention provides a multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios, relating to the field of irrigation and drainage control, which divides mountainous and hilly areas into multiple terraced field units according to altitude. T i The specific process is as follows: First, acquire multi-source sensing parameters for each terraced field and fuse these parameters. Second, combine soil erosion resistance with the water storage capacity of the terraced units to obtain the intercepted water volume during rainfall. Third, identify the drought level of crops, obtain the water demand of the corresponding terraced units, and achieve water allocation from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas through path optimization and altitude adaptation. Fourth, collect excess runoff from the terraced units and intercept and control pollution, then recycle and allocate the treated runoff to high-altitude water-scarce areas. Finally, construct a multi-objective optimization function to achieve dynamic optimization of "interception-irrigation-allocation-recycling-pollution control". This system effectively solves the shortcomings of existing irrigation and drainage systems in mountainous and hilly areas, such as functional fragmentation, slow response, insufficient intelligence, and lack of pollution control.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of patent application number 2025113675713, entitled "A Multifunctional Irrigation and Drainage System". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of irrigation and drainage control technology, specifically to a multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios. Background Technology

[0003] Mountainous and hilly areas are important agricultural production bases in my country, with their cultivated land area accounting for a large proportion of the country's total cultivated land area. However, due to factors such as large topographic relief, significant altitude differences, and fragmented land plots, the irrigation and drainage conditions of farmland in mountainous and hilly areas are generally poor, and the efficiency of irrigation water use is far lower than that in plain irrigation areas.

[0004] In existing technologies, irrigation and drainage facilities for mountainous and hilly areas mainly include traditional water conservancy engineering measures such as reservoirs, irrigation canals, and drainage ditches, as well as water-saving irrigation equipment such as sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation, and drip irrigation. These facilities have alleviated the contradiction between water supply and demand in mountainous and hilly areas to a certain extent, but the following problems still exist: First, the irrigation and drainage functions are separated and lack systematic coordination: Existing irrigation and drainage facilities are often designed and operated as two independent functional modules; during rainfall, a large amount of runoff is rapidly discharged through the drainage system, which not only wastes water resources but also aggravates soil erosion and nutrient leaching; during drought, it is necessary to rely on external water sources for irrigation, failing to make full use of local water resources such as rainfall runoff. 2. Water allocation relies on manual experience, resulting in delayed response and low efficiency: Currently, water allocation in mountainous and hilly areas mainly relies on managers' visual observation of crop growth and past experience. From the discovery of water shortage to the initiation of allocation and the delivery of water, there is a long response cycle. Furthermore, manual allocation lacks systematic path optimization, and the selection of allocation paths is highly random, making it difficult to comprehensively consider multiple factors such as altitude difference, water loss, and time costs, leading to low allocation efficiency and low water resource utilization. 3. Insufficient intelligence, hindering precise control: Current irrigation and drainage equipment and technologies in mountainous and hilly areas are relatively simple, with poor adaptability and low intelligence levels. Irrigation and drainage decisions are still mainly based on manual operation, lacking intelligent decision support based on multi-source data fusion, making it difficult to adjust irrigation and drainage strategies in real time according to the dynamic changes of multi-dimensional parameters such as rainfall, soil, crops, and water quality. 4. Lack of effective control over runoff pollution poses significant risks to downstream water environments: In mountainous and hilly areas, rainfall runoff carries large amounts of soil particles, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, and pesticide residues into downstream water bodies as it washes over the land. Traditional irrigation and drainage systems focus on water volume control but lack the capacity to intercept and treat pollutants in runoff, resulting in persistent risks of agricultural non-point source pollution downstream, impacting regional water quality and agricultural ecological security. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios, effectively solving the defects of existing irrigation and drainage systems in mountainous and hilly areas, such as functional fragmentation, lag in response, insufficient intelligence, and lack of pollution control, and realizing the integration of multiple functions such as rainfall interception, drought irrigation, allocation of water resources, runoff circulation, and pollution control and interception.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios divides mountainous and hilly areas into multiple terraced field units according to altitude. T i ( i =1,2,…, n , i The larger the value, the higher the altitude. The irrigation and drainage system includes a sensor system, intercepting gates, runoff water conveyance network, sewage interception and storage ponds, reverse circulation network, and control system. The specific control process includes: Step S1: Obtain multi-source sensing parameters for each terrace and perform data fusion on the sensing parameters; Step S2: Combine soil erosion resistance and water storage capacity of terrace units to obtain the intercepted water volume during rainfall; Step S3: Identify the drought level of crops and obtain the water demand of the corresponding terrace unit; and realize water allocation from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas through path optimization and altitude adaptation; Step S4: Collect excess runoff from terrace units and intercept and control pollution, and recycle and allocate the treated runoff to high-altitude water-scarce areas; Step S5: Construct a multi-objective optimization function to realize dynamic optimization of "interception-irrigation-allocation-recycling-pollution control".

[0007] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the sensor system includes meteorological and hydrological sensor components, state sensor components, water quality sensor components, and nutrient sensor components. The meteorological and hydrological sensor components integrate a satellite remote sensing platform and an anemometer for rainfall monitoring and wind speed and direction measurement. The state sensor components are distributed in each level of terraced field units to monitor parameters such as soil moisture content, nutrients, and temperature (using soil moisture content sensors, soil nutrient sensors, and soil temperature sensors for corresponding tests), crop canopy temperature (capturing canopy temperature in real time using an infrared thermal imager and a spectral camera, with monitoring points 20cm above the crops), and terraced field water storage (measured using radar level gauges and pressure sensors). The water quality sensor components are located at the watershed outlet of each level of terraced field units to monitor pollutant concentrations (e.g., COD, ammonia nitrogen). The nutrient sensor components are located in the intercepting and water storage ponds and in each level of terraced field units to analyze the nitrogen and phosphorus content in runoff in real time. The interception gates are installed at the ridges of each terrace unit, and the opening of the interception gates is dynamically adjusted according to rainfall intensity, pollutant concentration, and water storage. The runoff water conveyance network is connected to the interception gates of each terrace unit. The sewage interception and water storage treatment ponds are laid out along the contour lines of the terrace units and are connected to the runoff water conveyance network. The reverse circulation network is connected to the sewage interception and water storage treatment ponds and each terrace unit, and one-way valves and water pumps are installed on the reverse circulation network to ensure that the water body circulates from downstream to upstream, guaranteeing the water supply needs of the high-altitude terrace units.

[0008] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the multi-source sensing parameters in step S1 include real-time rainfall intensity. R real (t) Soil moisture content of terraced units Crop canopy temperature T c,i (t) Soil nutrient concentration N i (t) Water storage capacity of terraced fields S i (t) and downstream water pollutant concentration P d (t) ; Weighted adaptive fusion is used to fuse the sensing parameters, specifically as follows:

[0009]

[0010] In the formula: M x Indicates monitoring parameters X The number of sensors; Indicates the first k Measurement error of each sensor; X k (t) Indicates the first k Each sensor at time t The original measurement value; X f (t) It represents the measured value after data fusion, effectively solving the measurement error of a single sensor and ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0011] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the step S2 of "obtaining the intercepted water storage during the rainfall process" specifically involves: First, based on the terraced field units... T i The maximum effective water storage capacity and soil permeability are used to obtain the corresponding terrace unit. T i Non-erosion rainfall interception threshold R sa,i :

[0012] In the formula: K r,i Representing terraced fields T i The soil erosion resistance coefficient; K s,i Representing terraced fields T i Soil permeability; These represent the corresponding weight coefficients ( ); Indicates the nutrient sensitivity coefficient; N sa Indicates the safe nutrient threshold for crops; S max,i Representing terraced fields T i Maximum effective water storage capacity:

[0013] In the formula: A i Representing terraced fields T i The area; h sa,i Representing terraced fields T i The corresponding safe water storage depth; This represents the altitude weighting coefficient; H i Representing terraced fields Ti altitude; This indicates the average elevation of the terraced field unit; Considering downstream pollution levels, dynamically adjust rainfall interception thresholds (intercept runoff in advance to prevent downstream pollution from exceeding standards):

[0014] In the formula: Indicates the pollution response coefficient; P tar Indicates downstream water quality targets; Finally, the terraced field unit was obtained. T i Actual amount of interception I i (t) :

[0015] In the formula: Indicates the time step; The actual interception amount obtained from the corresponding terrace unit is intercepted by controlling the opening of the interception gate. The excess amount flows to the corresponding interception and storage pond and the downstream terrace unit through the runoff water transmission network in proportion.

[0016] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, step S3, "identifying the drought level of crops and obtaining the water requirement of the corresponding terrace unit," specifically involves: First, based on the terrace unit... T i Obtain the corresponding water requirement of crops based on altitude. ET c,i :

[0017] In the formula: ET 0 refers to crop evapotranspiration; K c,i Representing terraced fields T i The crop coefficient; Indicates the altitude influence coefficient; Indicates the temperature sensitivity coefficient; T c,re Indicates the suitable canopy temperature for crops; Then, obtain the soil moisture content threshold during drought. :

[0018] In the formula: Representing terraced fields T i Soil wilting moisture content; Representing terraced fieldsT i Soil field water holding capacity; This represents the minimum moisture content ratio that ensures the non-stress growth of crops. This represents the threshold correction coefficient; Then, predict and regulate water volume. Soil moisture content after time (corrected for hysteresis during water transport):

[0019] In the formula: This represents the terraced field unit after data fusion. T i Soil moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil bulk density (i.e., the dry weight of a unit volume of soil). when At that time, the corresponding terraced field unit T i Water volume regulation is carried out at this time, and the terraced fields are... T i The water requirement is: .

[0020] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, step S3, "realizing water allocation from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas through path optimization and altitude adaptation," specifically involves: First, defining the resource status of water-rich and water-scarce areas: Water-rich area: , S avg This represents the average water storage capacity of all terraced fields at a given time; water-scarce areas: ; Then, construct the allocation path map: using terraced fields as units. T i For nodes, T j (Fengshui District) → T k The allocation path for "(water-scarce area)" is the edge, and the edge weight is obtained. W j,k :

[0021] In the formula: w 1. w 2. w 3. w 4. w 5. w 6 represents the corresponding weight coefficients ( w 1+ w 2+ w3+ w 4+ w 5+ w 6=1); L j,k Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k Path length; Indicates the water loss coefficient; Indicates the water demand ratio in areas of abundance and scarcity; Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k The timing of water volume adjustment; Finally, an improved Dijkstra's algorithm is used to solve for the minimum weight path, achieving efficient allocation. The objective function of the improved Dijkstra's algorithm is:

[0022] In the formula: Path This represents the set of paths from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas, with the following constraints:

[0023] In the formula: Q j→k Indicates terraced units T j To the terraced fields T k The amount of water allocated, and its relationship with the terraced fields. T k (i.e., terraced fields) T k Water demand in water-scarce areas Q k Consistent; S sa,j This indicates the safe water storage capacity reserved in areas with abundant water (i.e., the water storage capacity to prevent these areas from falling into drought):

[0024] In the formula: This represents the percentage coefficient of water storage capacity. This represents the altitude correction factor.

[0025] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, step S4 specifically involves: determining the nutrient concentration in the intercepting and storing water treatment tank; if... , N safe The threshold representing the safe nutrient utilization of crops indicates that the water in the corresponding intercepting and water storage pond will not be included in the allocation. NJ-i Indicates the first i Soil nutrient concentration in each intercepting and water storage pond; if The water in the corresponding intercepting and storage ponds is then allocated through a reverse circulation pipe network, in the terraced units. T i Allocation priority P i for:

[0026] In the formula: u 1. u 2. u 3. u 4 represents the corresponding weights ( u 1+ u 2+ u 3+ u 4=1); The terraced fields are sorted according to their priority from highest to lowest, with priority given to the terraced fields that rank higher.

[0027] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, step S5 specifically involves: using "water utilization rate" as the benchmark. U w Nutrient retention rate U n Allocation efficiency U t To achieve the objective, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed, and the multi-objective optimization function is:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula: Indicates the recovery rate; b l This indicates the proportion of runoff from the water conveyance network that flows to the corresponding intercepting and storage ponds. Represents the distribution sensitivity coefficient; This represents the standard deviation of rainfall intensity between terraced fields; This indicates the average rainfall intensity within the terraced field unit; This represents the fluctuation penalty coefficient; Indicates the standard deviation of canopy temperature; N ir,i Indicates the nutrient concentration in irrigation water; C x Indicates the number of allocations; v w , v n , v tThese represent the corresponding weight coefficients ( v w + v n + v t =1); Indicates the pollution penalty coefficient; The constraints are: .

[0030] The following are the technical effects of the present invention: This invention organically integrates interception gates, runoff conveying pipelines, sewage interception and storage ponds, and reverse circulation pipelines to construct a closed-loop irrigation and drainage system encompassing "interception, irrigation, allocation, circulation, and pollution control." During rainfall, the system dynamically adjusts the opening of the interception gates based on real-time rainfall intensity and soil water storage capacity, orderly guiding runoff exceeding the interception threshold into the sewage interception and storage ponds or downstream terraces, achieving efficient interception and orderly discharge of rainwater resources. During drought, the treated runoff is circulated and allocated to high-altitude water-scarce areas through the reverse circulation pipeline network, realizing cross-altitude tiered utilization of water resources. Simultaneously, by constructing a soil moisture content prediction model, the system predicts the soil moisture content state after the regulated water is delivered, and uses this to determine whether to initiate water allocation. When the prediction results show that the regulated soil moisture content is still lower than the crop's non-stress growth threshold, the system initiates the allocation process in advance, delivering water to the field before the crop exhibits drought symptoms, effectively avoiding irreversible damage to crop growth caused by drought.

[0031] Meanwhile, this invention uses terraced fields as nodes and allocation paths as edges, comprehensively considering multiple factors such as path length, water conveyance loss, water demand ratio between water-rich and water-scarce areas, and regulation time to construct edge weights, and employs an improved Dijkstra algorithm to solve for the minimum weight path, thereby achieving the optimal allocation path selection from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas. At the same time, by defining a safety storage capacity constraint for water-rich areas, it ensures that the allocation process will not cause water-rich areas to fall into a water-scarce state, thus realizing the quantitative optimization of allocation paths and the precise control of allocated water volume, significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of water allocation. This invention involves setting up intercepting and storing water treatment ponds in the runoff water transmission network to precipitate, adsorb, and biodegrade pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus flowing with the runoff. By real-time monitoring and judgment of nutrient concentration in the treatment ponds, only water that meets the standards is recycled through a reverse circulation network, while water that does not meet the standards is not included in the allocation, thus controlling the risk of pollutants entering farmland and downstream water bodies at the source. At the same time, this invention incorporates nutrient retention rate into a multi-objective optimization function, taking into account both nutrient recycling and pollution control during water allocation, achieving a unity of water resource utilization and environmental protection.

[0032] Furthermore, this invention constructs a multi-objective optimization model with water use efficiency, nutrient retention rate, and allocation efficiency as optimization objectives, and introduces constraints such as rainfall intensity fluctuation penalties, canopy temperature fluctuation penalties, and pollution penalties to achieve dynamic collaborative optimization of the entire process of "interception-irrigation-allocation-circulation-pollution control". The system can dynamically adjust the control strategies of each link according to the real-time changes of multi-source sensing parameters such as rainfall, soil, crops, and water quality, ensuring that the system can maintain the optimal operating state in different hydrological years and different crop growth stages, significantly improving the self-regulation capability and adaptability of irrigation and drainage systems in mountainous and hilly areas. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Among them, 10 is the terraced field unit; 20 is the runoff water conveyance network; 21 is the diversion dam; 30 is the reverse circulation network; and 40 is the sewage interception and water storage treatment pond. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are presented for illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1: A multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios divides mountainous and hilly areas into multiple terraced field units according to altitude. T i ( i =1,2,…, n , i The larger the value, the higher the altitude, such as Figure 1As shown), the irrigation and drainage system includes a sensor system, intercepting gates, runoff conveying pipeline 20, sewage interception and storage pond 40, reverse circulation pipeline 30, and a control system. The sensor system includes meteorological and hydrological sensor components, state sensor components, water quality sensor components, and nutrient sensor components. The meteorological and hydrological sensor components integrate a satellite remote sensing platform and an anemometer (the anemometer can be set at the highest point in mountainous and hilly areas) for rainfall monitoring and wind speed and direction measurement. The state sensor components are distributed in each level of terraced field units to monitor parameters such as soil moisture content, nutrients, and temperature (using soil moisture content as the monitoring parameter). The system includes sensors for soil nutrients and soil temperature, which are tested accordingly. Crop canopy temperature is captured in real-time using an infrared thermal imager and a spectral camera, with monitoring points 20cm above the crop. Terraced water storage is measured using radar level gauges and pressure sensors. Water quality sensors are installed at the watershed outlets of each terrace unit to monitor pollutant concentrations (e.g., COD, ammonia nitrogen). Nutrient sensors are installed in the intercepting and water storage ponds and each terrace unit to analyze nitrogen and phosphorus content in runoff in real-time (monitored by corresponding nutrient content). Interception gates are installed at the ridges of each terrace unit 10, and their opening is dynamically adjusted based on rainfall intensity, pollutant concentration, and water storage (interception gates can be electric gates or integrated torque sensors). The runoff conveying network 20 is connected to the interception gates of each terrace unit 10 (e.g.,...). Figure 1 As shown, the runoff water conveyance network 20 runs along the slope direction through each level of terrace unit 10, and interception gates are set at the ridges of the runoff water conveyance network 20 and each level of terrace unit; the sewage interception and storage treatment pond 40 is laid out along the contour lines of the terrace unit 10 (one set of sewage interception and storage treatment pond 40 is set for every 2 to 5 levels of terraces, such as...) Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, a set of intercepting and storing water treatment ponds 40 is set up for every three levels of terraced fields; at the same time, the intercepting and storing water treatment ponds 40 may include a sedimentation zone, an adsorption zone, and a biodegradation zone, thereby treating pollutants flowing with the runoff. The intercepting and storing water treatment ponds 40 are connected to the runoff water conveyance pipeline 20 (i.e., the intercepting and storing water treatment ponds 40 correspond to the runoff water conveyance pipeline 20, such as...). Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, two runoff water pipelines 20 are set up, and two treatment tanks are set up in a set of intercepting sewage and storing water treatment tanks 40. The reverse circulation network 30 is connected to the intercepting sewage and storing water treatment tanks 40 and the terraced field units 10 at each level, and a one-way valve and a water pump are set on the reverse circulation network 30 so that the water body circulates from the downstream to the upstream, ensuring the water supply needs of the high-altitude terraced field units.

[0038] The specific control process includes: Step S1, acquiring multi-source sensing parameters for each terrace and performing data fusion on the sensing parameters; Multi-source sensing parameters include real-time rainfall intensity R real (t)Soil moisture content of terraced units Crop canopy temperature T c,i (t) Soil nutrient concentration N i (t) Water storage capacity of terraced fields S i (t) and downstream water pollutant concentration P d (t) ; Weighted adaptive fusion is used to fuse the sensing parameters, specifically as follows:

[0039] In the formula: M x Indicates monitoring parameters X The number of sensors; Indicates the first k Measurement error of each sensor (obtained through calibration experiments); X k (t) Indicates the first k Each sensor at time t The original measurement value; X f (t) It represents the measured value after data fusion, effectively solving the measurement error of a single sensor and ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0040] Step S2: Combining soil erosion resistance and the water storage capacity of terraced units, obtain the water interception and storage volume during rainfall; specifically: First, based on the terraced units... T i The maximum effective water storage capacity and soil permeability are used to obtain the corresponding terrace unit. T i Non-erosion rainfall interception threshold R sa,i :

[0041] In the formula: K r,i Representing terraced fields T i The soil erosion resistance coefficient (obtained through indoor erosion experiments; the larger the value, the stronger the erosion resistance, generally 0.1 to 1). K s,i Representing terraced fields T iSoil permeability (the soil permeability of the terrace unit can be obtained through in-situ testing methods, such as the Guelph infiltration meter method). These represent the corresponding weighting coefficients (obtained from experimental data). ); This indicates the nutrient sensitivity coefficient (usually 0.3). N sa Indicates the safe nutrient threshold for crops; S max,i Representing terraced fields T i Maximum effective water storage capacity:

[0042] In the formula: A i Representing terraced fields T i The area; h sa,i Representing terraced fields T i The corresponding safe water storage depth; This represents the altitude weighting coefficient (generally 0.2, meaning that for every 100m increase in altitude of the terraced unit, the upper limit of water storage increases by 20%). H i Representing terraced fields T i altitude; This indicates the average elevation of the terraced field unit; Considering downstream pollution levels, dynamically adjust rainfall interception thresholds (intercept runoff in advance to prevent downstream pollution from exceeding standards):

[0043] In the formula: This represents the pollution response coefficient (obtained through experimental calibration, typically 0.6). P tar This indicates the downstream water quality target (pre-set based on the actual crops planted and pollution prevention targets). Finally, the terraced field unit was obtained. T i Actual amount of interception I i (t) :

[0044] In the formula: Indicates the time step (usually 15 minutes); The actual interception amount obtained from the corresponding terrace unit 10 is intercepted by controlling the opening of the interception gate. The excess portion flows to the corresponding intercepting and storage pond and the downstream terrace unit through the runoff conveying network 20 according to the ratio (generally 2:8 or 3:7). For example, according to the ratio, a diversion dam 21 is set at the flow direction between the runoff conveying network 20 and the corresponding intercepting and storage pond 40 (e.g., Figure 2 As shown, the height of the diversion dam 21 accounts for 20% or 30% of the depth of the runoff conveying pipeline 20. The diversion dam 21 directs the upstream runoff into the intercepting and storage water treatment pond 40 for treatment. At the same time, the diversion dam 21 reduces the runoff velocity, thereby reducing the scouring intensity of the runoff on the soil. Furthermore, the diversion dam 21 can effectively intercept pollutants, silt and other substances in the runoff, which not only avoids serious soil erosion, but also avoids the risk of pollution of downstream agricultural water bodies by pollutants.

[0045] Step S3: Identify the drought level of the crop and obtain the water requirement of the corresponding terrace unit 10. Specifically: First, based on the terrace unit... T i Obtain the corresponding water requirement of crops based on altitude. ET c,i :

[0046] In the formula: ET 0 refers to crop evapotranspiration; K c,i Representing terraced fields T i The crop coefficient (set according to crop type and growth stage, for example: wheat jointing stage) K c =1.2); This represents the altitude influence coefficient (generally 1x10). -4 / m); This indicates the temperature sensitivity coefficient (typically 0.04℃). -1 ); T c,re This indicates the optimal canopy temperature for crops (obtained through empirical data, e.g., 28°C for corn, 25°C for wheat). Then, obtain the soil moisture content threshold during drought. :

[0047] In the formula: Representing terraced fields T i Soil wilting moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil field water holding capacity; This represents the minimum moisture content ratio required to ensure crop growth without stress (typically 0.6). This represents the threshold correction factor (typically 0.1). Then, predict and regulate water volume. Soil moisture content after time (corrected for hysteresis during water transport):

[0048] In the formula: This represents the terraced field unit after data fusion. T i Soil moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil bulk density (i.e., the dry weight of a unit volume of soil). when At that time, the corresponding terraced field unit T i Water volume regulation is carried out at this time, and the terraced fields are... T i The water requirement is: .

[0049] And through path optimization and altitude adaptation (via the reverse circulation pipeline network 30), water allocation from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas is achieved. Specifically, the resource status of water-rich and water-scarce areas is defined first: Fengshui District: , S avg This represents the average water storage capacity of all terraced units at a given time. Water-scarce areas: ; Then, construct the allocation path map: using terraced fields as units. T i For nodes, T j (Fengshui District) → T k The allocation path for "(water-scarce area)" is the edge, and the edge weight is obtained. W j,k :

[0050] In the formula: w 1. w 2. w 3. w 4. w 5. w 6 represents the corresponding weight coefficients ( w 1+ w 2+ w 3+w 4+ w 5+ w 6=1); L j,k Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k Path length; This represents the water loss coefficient (typically 0.001 / m). Indicates the water demand ratio in areas of abundance and scarcity; Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k The timing for adjusting water volume (determined based on water flow velocity and path length); Finally, an improved Dijkstra's algorithm is used to solve for the minimum weight path, achieving efficient allocation. The objective function of the improved Dijkstra's algorithm is:

[0051] In the formula: Path This represents the set of paths from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas, with the following constraints:

[0052] In the formula: Q j→k Indicates terraced units T j To the terraced fields T k The amount of water allocated, and its relationship with the terraced fields. T k (i.e., terraced fields) T k Water demand in water-scarce areas Q k Consistent; S sa,j This indicates the safe water storage capacity reserved in areas with abundant water (i.e., the water storage capacity to prevent these areas from falling into drought):

[0053] In the formula: This represents the water storage capacity ratio coefficient (generally 0.1 to 0.2). This represents the altitude correction factor (typically 0.01 to 0.02).

[0054] Step S4: Collect excess runoff from terraced unit 10 and intercept and control pollution (i.e., collect excess runoff through the interception and water storage treatment pond 40), and circulate and allocate the treated runoff (i.e., allocate it through the reverse circulation pipeline network 30) to high-altitude water-scarce areas. Specifically, determine the nutrient concentration in the interception and water storage treatment pond: like , N safe The threshold representing the safe nutrient utilization of crops indicates that the water in the corresponding intercepting and water storage pond will not be included in the allocation. N J-i Indicates the first i Soil nutrient concentration in each intercepting and water storage pond; if The water in the corresponding intercepting and storage ponds is then allocated through a reverse circulation pipe network, in the terraced units. T i Allocation priority P i for:

[0055] In the formula: u 1. u 2. u 3. u 4 represents the corresponding weights ( u 1+ u 2+ u 3+ u 4=1); The terraced fields are sorted according to their priority from highest to lowest, with priority given to the terraced fields that rank higher.

[0056] Step S5: Construct a multi-objective optimization function to achieve dynamic optimization of "interception-irrigation-allocation-circulation-pollution control", specifically: taking "water use efficiency" as the objective. U w Nutrient retention rate U n Allocation efficiency U t To achieve the objective, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed, and the multi-objective optimization function is:

[0057]

[0058] In the formula: This indicates the recovery rate (typically 0.8–0.9). b l This indicates the proportion of runoff from the water conveyance network that flows to the corresponding intercepting and storage ponds. This represents the distribution sensitivity coefficient (typically 0.8). This represents the standard deviation of rainfall intensity between terraced fields; This indicates the average rainfall intensity within the terraced field unit; This represents the fluctuation penalty coefficient (usually 1.2). Indicates the standard deviation of canopy temperature; N ir,i This indicates the nutrient concentration in the irrigation water (obtained through real-time monitoring during the irrigation process). C x Indicates the number of allocations; v w , v n , v t These represent the corresponding weight coefficients ( v w + v n + v t =1); This represents the pollution penalty coefficient (generally 0.3 during the reproductive period and 0.5 during the non-reproductive period). The constraints are: .

[0059] Example 2: As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the scheme of Example 1, ET The specific method for obtaining the reference crop evapotranspiration is as follows: the Penman-Monteith model is used to obtain the crop evapotranspiration demand. ET 0:

[0060] In the formula: K c Indicates the crop coefficient; This represents the rate of change of saturated vapor pressure with temperature (reflecting the effect of temperature on saturated vapor pressure). R n Indicates net radiation (representing the energy driven by evaporation); RG It represents soil heat flux (i.e., the amount of heat exchanged between the surface and deep layers of soil). This represents the conversion coefficient between the wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperature difference and the water vapor pressure (related to atmospheric pressure). v 2 indicates the wind speed at a height of two meters; T air Indicates air temperature; e s This represents the saturated vapor pressure (i.e., the maximum vapor pressure that air can hold at the current temperature). ea Indicates the actual water vapor pressure;

[0061] In the formula: RH Indicates relative humidity; P air Indicates atmospheric pressure;

[0062] In the formula: This represents the crop albedo (determined based on crop type; in this example, it refers to the crop's...). ); R s This represents solar radiation on the Earth's surface (obtained through observations at weather stations). This represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (typically 5.67 x 10⁻⁶). -8 MJ (m 2 ·d·K 4 )); T max Indicates the daily maximum temperature. T min Indicates the daily minimum temperature; R so This represents clear-sky solar radiation (which can be calculated using geographic location and date).

[0063] Example 3: As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the scheme of Example 1, the soil wilting moisture content The calibrated test can be performed using the pressure membrane method. Specifically, the following steps are taken: First, take the undisturbed soil from terrace unit 10, sieve it, and put it into the sample chamber of the pressure membrane instrument. Then, apply a suction force of 15 bar and continue pumping air until the flow rate stabilizes (about 24 hours). Finally, take out the soil sample, measure the moisture content using the drying method, and the moisture content of the soil sample after equilibrium is the soil wilting moisture content.

[0064] Soil field water holding capacity The calibration test can be performed using the pressure membrane method. Specifically: First, take undisturbed soil from terrace unit 10, sieve it, and place it in the sample chamber of the pressure membrane apparatus. Then, apply a suction force of 0.33 bar and continuously pump air until the flow rate stabilizes (approximately 12 hours). Next, remove the soil sample, measure its moisture content using the drying method, and the moisture content of the soil sample after equilibrium is the preliminary field capacity of the soil. Finally, the preliminary soil field capacity was corrected to obtain the final soil field capacity. :

[0065] In the formula, This represents the correction factor, which is obtained based on the actual soil conditions (generally, 0.9 to 1.0 for sandy soil and 0.8 to 0.9 for clay soil).

[0066] Example 4: As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for regulating irrigation and drainage for rainfall in mountainous and hilly areas, which uses any one of the regulation systems in Examples 1 to 3 above for regulation.

Claims

1. A multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios, characterized in that: The mountainous and hilly areas are divided into multiple terraced units according to their altitude. T i The irrigation and drainage system includes a sensor system, intercepting gates, runoff water conveyance network, sewage interception and storage tanks, reverse circulation network, and control system. The specific control process includes: Step S1: Obtain multi-source sensing parameters for each terrace and perform data fusion on the sensing parameters; the multi-source sensing parameters include real-time rainfall intensity. R real (t) Soil moisture content of terraced units Crop canopy temperature T c,i (t) Soil nutrient concentration N i (t) Water storage capacity of terraced fields S i (t) and downstream water pollutant concentration P d (t) ; Step S2: Combine soil erosion resistance with the water storage capacity of terraced units to obtain the amount of water intercepted and stored during rainfall; Step S3: Identify the drought level of crops and obtain the water demand of the corresponding terrace unit; and through path optimization and altitude adaptation, realize the allocation of water from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas; Step S4: Collect excess runoff from the terraced fields and intercept and control pollution, then recycle and allocate the treated runoff to high-altitude water-scarce areas; specifically: determine the nutrient concentration in the intercepting and water storage ponds: if , N safe The threshold representing the safe nutrient utilization of crops indicates that the water in the corresponding intercepting and water storage pond will not be included in the allocation. N J-i Indicates the first i Soil nutrient concentration in each intercepting and water storage pond; if Then, the water in the corresponding intercepting and storage water treatment tank is allocated through a reverse circulation pipe network; according to the allocation priority... P i The terraces are sorted by size from largest to smallest, and priority is given to allocating to the terraces that rank higher. Step S5: Construct a multi-objective optimization function to achieve dynamic optimization of "interception-irrigation-allocation-circulation-pollution control".

2. The multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor system includes meteorological and hydrological sensor components, state sensor components, water quality sensor components, and nutrient sensor components. The meteorological and hydrological sensor components integrate a satellite remote sensing platform and an anemometer. The state sensor components are distributed in each level of terraced field units. The water quality sensor components are located at the watershed outlet of each level of terraced field units. The nutrient sensor components are located in the intercepting and water storage treatment ponds and in each level of terraced field units. Interception gates are located at the ridges of each level of terraced field units. The runoff conveying pipeline network is connected to the intercepting gates of each level of terraced field units. The intercepting and water storage treatment ponds are laid out along the contour lines of the terraced field units and are connected to the runoff conveying pipelines. The reverse circulation pipeline network is connected to the intercepting and water storage treatment ponds and each level of terraced field units, and one-way valves and water pumps are installed on the reverse circulation pipeline network.

3. A multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step S1, weighted adaptive fusion is used to perform data fusion on the sensing parameters, specifically as follows: In the formula: M x Indicates monitoring parameters X The number of sensors; Indicates the first k Measurement error of each sensor; X k (t) Indicates the first k Each sensor at time t The original measurement value; X f (t) This represents the measured value after data fusion.

4. A multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The specific steps in step S2, "obtaining the intercepted and stored water volume during the rainfall process," are as follows: First, based on terraced fields T i The maximum effective water storage capacity and soil permeability are used to obtain the corresponding terrace unit. T i Non-erosion rainfall interception threshold R sa,i : In the formula: K r,i Representing terraced fields T i The soil erosion resistance coefficient; K s,i Representing terraced fields T i Soil permeability; These represent the corresponding weight coefficients; Indicates the nutrient sensitivity coefficient; N sa Indicates the safe nutrient threshold for crops; S max,i Representing terraced fields T i Maximum effective water storage capacity: In the formula: A i Representing terraced fields T i The area; h sa,i Representing terraced fields T i The corresponding safe water storage depth; This represents the altitude weighting coefficient; H i Representing terraced fields T i altitude; This indicates the average elevation of the terraced field unit; Taking into account downstream pollution levels, the rainfall interception threshold will be dynamically adjusted. In the formula: Indicates the pollution response coefficient; P tar Indicates downstream water quality targets; Finally, the terraced field unit was obtained. T i Actual amount of interception I i (t) : In the formula: Indicates the time step; The actual interception amount obtained from the corresponding terrace unit is intercepted by controlling the opening of the interception gate. The excess amount flows to the corresponding interception and storage pond and the downstream terrace unit through the runoff water transmission network in proportion.

5. A multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S3, "identifying the drought level of crops and obtaining the water requirement of the corresponding terrace unit," specifically involves: First, based on the terrace unit... T i Obtain the corresponding water requirement of crops based on altitude ET c,i : In the formula: ET evapotranspiration of the reference crop was obtained using the Penman-Monteith model. K c,i Representing terraced fields T i The crop coefficient; Indicates the altitude influence coefficient; Indicates the temperature sensitivity coefficient; T c,re Indicates the suitable canopy temperature for crops; Then, obtain the soil moisture content threshold during drought. : In the formula: Representing terraced fields T i The soil wilting moisture content was obtained by calibration testing using the pressure membrane method; Representing terraced fields T i Soil field water holding capacity; This represents the minimum moisture content ratio that ensures the non-stress growth of crops. This represents the threshold correction coefficient; Then, predict and regulate water volume. Soil moisture content after time: In the formula: This represents the terraced field unit after data fusion. T i Soil moisture content; Representing terraced fields T i Soil bulk density; when At that time, the corresponding terraced field unit T i Water volume regulation is carried out at this time, and the terraced fields are... T i The water requirement is: 。 6. A multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, "achieving water allocation from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas through path optimization and altitude adaptation" specifically involves: First, defining the resource status of water-rich and water-scarce areas: Fengshui District: , S avg This represents the average water storage capacity of all terraced units at a given time. Water-scarce areas: ; Then, construct the allocation path map: using terraced fields as units. T i For nodes, T j → T k The allocation path is the edge, and the edge weight is obtained. W j,k : In the formula: w 1. w 2. w 3. w 4. w 5. w 6 represents the corresponding weight coefficients; L j,k Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k Path length; Indicates the water loss coefficient; Indicates the water demand ratio in areas of abundance and scarcity; Representing terraced fields T j To the terraced fields T k The timing of water volume regulation; Finally, an improved Dijkstra's algorithm is used to solve for the minimum weight path, achieving efficient allocation. The objective function of the improved Dijkstra's algorithm is: In the formula: Path This represents the set of paths from water-rich areas to water-scarce areas, with the following constraints: In the formula: Q j→k Indicates terraced units T j To the terraced fields T k The amount of water allocated, and its relationship with the terraced fields. T k water demand Q k Consistent; S sa,j This indicates the safe water storage capacity remaining in the high-water area: In the formula: This represents the percentage coefficient of water storage capacity. This represents the altitude correction factor.

7. A multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the terraced field unit T i Allocation priority P i for: In the formula: u 1. u 2. u 3. u 4 represents the corresponding weights.

8. A multi-source sensing irrigation and drainage dynamic control system for terraced field scenarios according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S5 specifically involves: using "water utilization rate" U w Nutrient retention rate U n Allocation efficiency U t To achieve the objective, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed, and the multi-objective optimization function is: In the formula: Indicates the recovery rate; b l This indicates the proportion of runoff from the water conveyance network that flows to the corresponding intercepting and storage ponds. Represents the distribution sensitivity coefficient; This represents the standard deviation of rainfall intensity between terraced fields; This indicates the average rainfall intensity within the terraced field unit; Indicates the fluctuation penalty coefficient; Indicates the standard deviation of canopy temperature; N ir,i Indicates the nutrient concentration in irrigation water; C x Indicates the number of allocations; v w , v n , v t These represent the corresponding weight coefficients; Indicates the pollution penalty coefficient; The constraints are: 。

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