A terebratta cheni repelling agent, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle, its preparation method, and its application, relating to the field of green pest control technology in forestry. The repellent comprises salicylaldehyde. This invention also provides a method for preparing the Shangri-La bark beetle repellent, comprising the following steps: adding salicylaldehyde to a low-density polyethylene slow-release bottle containing defatted cotton, and tightening the screw cap to obtain the repellent. This invention reveals that salicylaldehyde has a significant repellent effect on the Shangri-La bark beetle, and can be used as a repellent to reduce the damage caused by the Shangri-La bark beetle to Qinghai spruce. Furthermore, the compound selected in this invention is readily available and is a plant-derived volatile compound, harmless to humans and the environment, and has broad industrialization prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of green control technology for the bark beetle in Shangri-La, and in particular to a plant-derived repellent for the bark beetle in Shangri-La, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Shangri-La tooth beetle ( Ips shangrila The Shangri-La tooth beetle (Shangri-La tooth beetle), belonging to the family Scolytinae in the order Coleoptera, is a native borer of spruce forests in my country. It is mainly distributed in spruce forests in the high-altitude regions of Qinghai, Tibet, and Yunnan provinces, and is a significant biological threat to spruce forests on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In Qinghai, the adult larvae migrate from early May to late August each year. During this period, male adults act as pioneers, invading the trees and releasing aggregation pheromones to attract large numbers of female adults to settle on the spruce trees. After mating, they lay a large number of eggs, which hatch into larvae that continue to bore into the spruce phloem. Under wild conditions, the Shangri-La tooth beetle completes a generation in about two months. The destruction of the phloem leads to mass mortality of spruce trees in a short period.

[0003] Currently, attractants for the Shangri-La bark beetle have been developed, with their main components being 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, bark beetle dienol, and cis-verbenol. These attractants are widely used for population control and monitoring of the Shangri-La bark beetle. Although these attractants can kill large numbers of Shangri-La bark beetles annually, this technology cannot prevent host plants from being attacked by the beetle. Therefore, a large number of Qinghai spruce trees still die each year due to Shangri-La bark beetle infestation. Currently, international control of bark beetles mainly relies on a "push-pull" strategy, namely the combined use of attractants and repellents. Studies have found that trans-verbenol has a repellent effect on the Shangri-La bark beetle, but the repellent effect of this component is limited, and only high concentrations are released to produce a repellent effect on the insect. To date, the composition of highly effective repellents for the Shangri-La bark beetle remains unknown, which limits the effectiveness of its control. Therefore, it is currently necessary to screen for repellents for the Shangri-La bark beetle that possess repellent activity and stable efficacy.

[0004] Screening for repellent volatiles from plants is a crucial strategy in the development of repellents for bark beetles. Using volatiles from non-host plants of bark beetles, especially broad-leaved trees, as screening sources is the preferred approach. Furthermore, these components are widely available, diverse, environmentally friendly, and relatively inexpensive. In summary, repellents and application technologies for the Shangri-La bark beetle are currently lacking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop repellents for the Shangri-La bark beetle and their application technologies to create a system that can repel or disrupt the aggregation and host plant attack behavior of the Shangri-La bark beetle, improve the integrated pest management system for the Shangri-La bark beetle, and contribute new technologies to the protection of the Qinghai spruce forests. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a plant-derived repellent for *Bartholinium spp.* and its application, used to repel or disrupt the population aggregation of *Bartholinium spp.* in forests. The repellent can be fixed to the trunk of spruce trees, effectively preventing the aggregation and damage caused by *Bartholinium spp.* and protecting the host spruce tree from harm.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: First, the present invention provides a repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle, comprising: a slow-release carrier, wherein the slow-release carrier is a polyethylene slow-release bottle; sterile degreased cotton placed inside the polyethylene slow-release bottle; and a repellent component adsorbed on the sterile degreased cotton, wherein the repellent component is salicylaldehyde; wherein the content of salicylaldehyde in a single repellent is 1-6 g.

[0007] Preferably, the salicylaldehyde content in a single repellent is 2g.

[0008] Preferably, the amount of sterile absorbent cotton used is 2g.

[0009] Preferably, the polyethylene slow-release bottle is made of low-density polyethylene with a wall thickness of 0.3~0.8mm and has a sealing cap.

[0010] More preferably, the polyethylene slow-release bottle has a capacity of 15-25 ml, a thickness of 0.4-0.6 mm, a height of 80-120 mm, and a bottom diameter of 15-25 mm.

[0011] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the polyethylene slow-release bottle has a capacity of 20 ml, a thickness of 0.5 mm, a height of 100 mm, a bottom diameter of 20 mm, and is equipped with a screw cap.

[0012] Preferably, the purity of the salicylaldehyde is 98%.

[0013] In the repellent described in this invention, the screw cap is used to seal the mouth of the polyethylene slow-release bottle and remains tightly closed during storage and use in the forest. The cap does not serve as a release channel for salicylaldehyde, nor is the release rate controlled by adjusting the tightness of the cap. After the salicylaldehyde adsorbed on sterile absorbent cotton volatilizes, it is slowly released outward mainly through the low-density polyethylene bottle wall via molecular diffusion. The release rate is mainly controlled by the material of the polyethylene bottle (low-density polyethylene) and the thickness of the bottle wall (0.3~0.8 mm). A wall thickness of 0.3~0.8 mm allows salicylaldehyde to be continuously released for no less than 30 days under field conditions; thinning the wall results in too rapid a release, while thickening it results in too slow a release. Those skilled in the art will understand that, without changing the bottle material and wall thickness, simply sealing the cap can achieve basically stable release performance.

[0014] Second, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the Shangri-La bark beetle repellent, comprising the following steps: adding the above-mentioned amount of salicylaldehyde to sterile degreased cotton, and then placing the sterile degreased cotton adsorbed with salicylaldehyde into the polyethylene slow-release bottle and tightening the bottle cap.

[0015] Third, the present invention also provides an application of the Shangri-La bark beetle repellent in repelling Shangri-La bark beetles.

[0016] Preferably, the Shangri-La bark beetle repellent is suspended in the forest at a height of 1m, with a spacing of 100m between adjacent repellents.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Through systematic screening of various known plant volatiles, the inventors unexpectedly discovered that salicylaldehyde has significant repellent activity against *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum*. Although salicylaldehyde has been reported to have some activity against *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum*, its ability to repel *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum* from different genera within the same family, and the quality of that effect, were previously unknown. Experiments have shown that salicylaldehyde's repellent effect against *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum* is significantly better than that of other known repellent candidates such as trans-verbenol, and it can achieve excellent forest protection effects at a low dose of 2g. This screening result is not something that a person skilled in the art could reasonably expect based on existing technology, and is therefore non-obvious.

[0018] (2) Used to repel Shangri-La tooth beetle, prevent Shangri-La tooth beetle from accumulating and causing damage on spruce, and reduce damage to the host spruce: Since the slow-release bottle of the Shangri-La tooth beetle repellent of the present invention has high repellent biological activity, when used in healthy forests, it repels low-density Shangri-La tooth beetles inside the forest and prevents them from accumulating and causing damage on trees.

[0019] (3) Used to inhibit sexual mating and population spread of the Shangri-La bark beetle. The repellent of this invention has highly efficient repellent activity and exhibits a significant antagonistic effect on aggregation pheromones with sexual mating activity; secondly, it can significantly inhibit the population spread of the Shangri-La bark beetle. Setting up repellency zones at the edges of severely damaged forest stands can prevent the Shangri-La bark beetle from escaping to healthy forest stands. This technology is simple and quick to operate and requires minimal human intervention.

[0020] The Shangri-La bark beetle repellent provided by this invention uses sterile absorbent cotton and a polyethylene slow-release bottle as carriers, making it easy to process and produce at a low cost. The repellent components can be stably released on the slow-release carrier. This repellent is a highly effective Shangri-La bark beetle repellent, and this invention is an environmentally friendly green biotechnology that can be used to repel the aggregation and invasion of the Shangri-La bark beetle, thereby protecting spruce forests. The repellent has been tested in the Xianmi Forest Farm of Qilian Mountain National Park in Qinghai Province, verifying its good repellent activity and stability. This Shangri-La bark beetle repellent has broad prospects for industrialization. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0022] Figure 1 The results of a comparative study conducted in June 2023 on the repellency behavior of various information chemicals against the bark beetle in Shangri-La. Figure 2 The results show the differences in repellency between salicylaldehyde and trans-verbenol against the bark beetle in Shangri-La during June-July 2023. Figure 3 This study investigated the inhibitory effects of different doses of salicylaldehyde on the bark beetle of Shangri-La during June and July 2024. Figure 4 The effects of salicylaldehyde and trans-verbenol on the invasion behavior of the Shangri-La bark beetle in June 2025. Detailed Implementation

[0023] This invention provides the application of a repellent ingredient in repelling damage from the Shangri-La bark beetle in forests, wherein the repellent ingredient includes salicylaldehyde. The source and purity (mass%) of the above-mentioned repellent ingredient are as follows: salicylaldehyde (CAS: 90-02-8, Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0024] This invention provides a repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle, comprising a repellent component, sterile absorbent cotton, and a polyethylene slow-release bottle; the repellent component comprises salicylaldehyde.

[0025] In this invention, each sterile absorbent cotton ball preferably contains 1-6g of salicylaldehyde.

[0026] In this invention, the polyethylene slow-release bottle is preferably a low-density polyethylene plastic bottle with a capacity of 20 ml, a thickness of 0.5 mm, a height of 100 mm, a bottom diameter of 20 mm, and a screw cap.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the Shangri-La bark beetle repellent described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: dripping the repellent component onto a sterile defatted cotton carrier, then placing it in a polyethylene slow-release bottle and tightening the screw cap.

[0028] This invention also provides the application of the Shangri-La bark beetle repellent described in the above-mentioned technical solution in controlling the damage caused by the Shangri-La bark beetle in forests. Preferably, the Shangri-La bark beetle repellent is suspended in the forest at a height of 1m and a spacing of 100m.

[0029] The attractants for the Shangri-La bark beetle prepared in the following examples all used commercially available 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, bark beetle diene alcohol, and cis-verbenol, with a chemical purity greater than 97%; the repellent used commercially available salicylaldehyde, with a chemical purity of 98%; and other commercially available agents used: trans-verbenol, verbenatone, 4-allyl anisole, and 1,8-cineole, all with a chemical purity greater than 95%.

[0030] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1 Comparative Results of Tests on the Repellent Behavior of Various Repellents on the Shangri-La Tooth Beetle The attractants for the Shangri-La bark beetle prepared in this embodiment all used commercially available 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (CAS: 115-18-4, Beijing Bailingwei Technology Co., Ltd.), bark beetle diene alcohol (CSA: 14434-41-4, Shanghai Youkemo Technology Co., Ltd.), and cis-verbenol (CAS: 18881-04-4, Beijing Bailingwei Technology Co., Ltd.), all with a chemical purity greater than 95%; commercially available salicylaldehyde (CAS: 90-02-8, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) with a purity of 98% were also used; trans-verbenol (CAS: 1820-09-3, 95%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), verbenaone (CAS: 18309-32-5, 99%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 1,8-cineole (CAS: 172617-99-1, 95%, Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) were also used.

[0032] The following six processes are configured according to the testing requirements.

[0033] Process 1: Blank handling; Treatment 2: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol, and 30mg of cis-verbenol; Treatment 3: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 2g of salicylaldehyde; Treatment 4: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 2g of trans-verbenol; Treatment 5: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 2g of verbenaconin; Treatment 6: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 2g of 1,8-cineole.

[0034] (1) 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol, bark beetle diene alcohol, and cis-verbenol were prepared according to the above-mentioned dosages to obtain an attractant for the Shangri-La bark beetle. Salicylaldehyde, trans-verbenol, verbenaone, and 1,8-cineole were added dropwise to a sterile absorbent cotton carrier according to the above-mentioned dosages to prepare a slow-release repellent.

[0035] (2) Preparation and storage of lure and repellent: The lure was added to a polyethylene slow-release bottle containing defatted cotton, and the cap was tightened using a screw capping machine to obtain the lure. The repellent component was dripped onto a sterile defatted cotton carrier, then placed in a polyethylene slow-release bottle, and the cap was tightened to obtain the repellent slow-release bottle; the polyethylene slow-release bottle was a low-density polyethylene plastic bottle with a capacity of 20 ml, a thickness of 0.5 mm, a height of 100 mm, a bottom diameter of 20 mm, and a screw cap. The prepared lure and repellent slow-release bottle were sealed in aluminum foil and refrigerated at 4℃.

[0036] (3) Field application of repellents: a) Experimental location: Xianmi Forest Farm, Qilian Mountain National Park, Qinghai Province.

[0037] b) Construction of the trap: The trap is mainly a funnel-shaped bark beetle trap, purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The large and small plates are crossed to form a cross shape (500mm high, 300mm wide), connected to the top cover via a hook at the top, and connected to the funnel via a hook at the bottom. The flared opening for connecting the insect collection bottle is fitted over the lower part of the funnel and connected to the collection bottle.

[0038] c) Hanging position of lure and repellent: Hang the drug combination in the middle position 20cm from the top of the funnel-shaped bark beetle trap. The drug combination consists of one Shangri-La bark beetle attractant and one repellent (open the aluminum foil before use to get the repellent slow-release bottle).

[0039] d) Field setup of the traps: Five replicates were set up for each experimental treatment. The traps were set up at the edge of the Qinghai spruce forest, with a spacing of about 100m between the traps. Two 3m long and 0.5cm thick wires were connected between the two trees, and the traps were then fixed in the middle of the wires. The insect collection bottles of the traps were 1m off the ground.

[0040] e) Data collection and trap emptying: Each treatment in this experiment was repeated 5 times, and the number of bark beetles captured in each treatment was the average of the 5 traps. Depending on the weather conditions, the number of bark beetles in the collection bottles was observed every 7 days. After counting, the collected bark beetles were placed in a plastic box and taken to the laboratory.

[0041] The application of the above-described specific usage steps for repelling the Shangri-La bark beetle was carried out. From June 1st to June 15th, 2023, traps with blank lures (treatment 1) served as a blank control, while traps with Shangri-La bark beetle aggregation pheromone attractants (treatment 2) served as a positive control. Specific results are shown in Table 1 and [Table data would be inserted here]. Figure 1 The traps were spaced 100m apart, and the collection bottles were approximately 1m off the ground. Each treatment was replicated five times, and the number of bark beetles captured in each treatment was the average of the five traps. The number of bark beetles in the collection bottles was observed every five days, depending on weather conditions.

[0042] Table 1. Comparative results of experiments on the repellency behavior of various pheromones against the bark beetle in Shangri-La.

[0043] From Table 1 and Figure 1 The results show that, based on the insect-attracting effect analysis, the blank treatment (treatment 1) had no attractant activity against *Bartholinum shangri-ladenum*, while the *Bartholinum shangri-ladenum* aggregation pheromone attractant (treatment 2) had a good attractant effect (average capture of 24.07 individuals). The *Bartholinum shangri-ladenum* attractants with added candidate pheromone chemicals (treatments 3, 4, and 5) reduced the number of *Bartholinum shangri-ladenum* attracted compared to treatment 2, but treatment 3 (salicylaldehyde) showed the largest reduction in the number of *Bartholinum shangri-ladenum* attracted (average capture of only 3.93 individuals). Treatments 4 (trans-verbenol), 5 (verbenone), and 6 (1,8-cineole) also reduced the number of individuals attracted, showing some repellent activity, but their capture numbers were 15.47, 16.47, and 17.07 individuals respectively, all significantly higher than treatment 3, and their repellent effect was inferior to that of salicylaldehyde.

[0044] This experiment demonstrates that the combined use of aggregation pheromone attractants for *Bartholinae shangri-La* with salicylaldehyde can reduce the trapping rate, indicating that salicylaldehyde is an antagonist of the attractants for *Bartholinae shangri-La*.

[0045] Example 2 Comparative study on the inhibitory effects of salicylaldehyde and trans-verbenol on the bark beetle of Shangri-La. The following six processes are prepared according to testing requirements: Process 1: Blank handling; Treatment 2: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol, and 30mg of cis-verbenol; Treatment 3: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 2g of salicylaldehyde; Treatment 4: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 2g of trans-verbenol; Treatment 5: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 4g of trans-verbenol; Treatment 6: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 6g of trans-verbenol; (1) 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol, bark beetle diene alcohol and cis-verbenol were prepared according to the above-mentioned dosages to obtain an attractant for the Shangri-La bark beetle. Salicylaldehyde was added dropwise to a sterile absorbent cotton carrier according to the above-mentioned dosages to prepare a slow-release repellent.

[0046] (2) Preparation and storage of lure and repellent: The lure was added to a polyethylene slow-release bottle containing defatted cotton, and the cap was tightened using a screw capping machine to obtain the lure. The repellent component was dripped onto a sterile defatted cotton carrier (same as in Example 1), and then placed in a polyethylene slow-release bottle. The cap was tightened to obtain the repellent slow-release bottle. The prepared lure and repellent slow-release bottle were sealed in aluminum foil and refrigerated at 4°C.

[0047] (3) Field application of repellents: a) Experimental location: Xianmi Forest Farm, Qilian Mountain National Park, Qinghai Province.

[0048] b) Construction of the trap: The trap mainly consists of a funnel-shaped bark beetle trap, purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The large and small plates are crossed to form a cross shape (500mm high, 300mm wide), connected to the top cover via a hook at the top, and connected to the funnel via a hook at the bottom. The flared opening for connecting the insect collection bottle is fitted over the lower part of the funnel and connected to the collection bottle.

[0049] c) Hanging position of lure and repellent: The combination of drugs is hung in the middle position 20cm from the top of the funnel-shaped bark beetle trap. The combination of drugs consists of one Shangri-La bark beetle attractant and one repellent.

[0050] d) Field setup of the traps: Five replicates were set up for each experimental treatment. The traps were set up at the edge of the Qinghai spruce forest, with a spacing of about 100m between the traps. Two 3m long and 0.5cm thick wires were connected between the two trees, and the traps were then fixed in the middle of the wires. The insect collection bottles of the traps were 1m off the ground.

[0051] e) Data collection and trap emptying: Each treatment in this experiment was repeated 5 times, and the number of bark beetles captured in each treatment was the average of the 5 traps. Depending on the weather conditions, the number of bark beetles in the collection bottles was observed every 7 days. After counting, the collected bark beetles were placed in a plastic box and taken to the laboratory.

[0052] The application of the above-described specific usage steps for repelling the Shangri-La bark beetle was carried out from June 16th to July 10th, 2023. Traps with blank lures (Treatment 1) served as a blank control, while traps with Shangri-La bark beetle aggregation pheromone attractants (Treatment 2) served as a positive control. Specific results are shown in [link to results]. Figure 2 The traps were spaced 100m apart, and the collection bottles were approximately 1m off the ground. Each treatment was replicated five times, and the number of bark beetles captured in each treatment was the average of the five traps. The number of bark beetles in the collection bottles was observed every five days, depending on weather conditions.

[0053] Table 2. Inhibition differences between salicylaldehyde and trans-verbenol on attractants of *Bartholinaceae shangri-La*.

[0054] Analysis of insect-attracting effects (e.g.) Figure 2 As shown in Table 2, treatment 1 (blank treatment) failed to attract *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum*; treatment 2 (*Bartholinium shangri-ladenum* aggregation pheromone attractant) had a good attraction effect. The combined use of a slow-release bottle prepared with 2g of salicylaldehyde (treatment 3) and the attractant showed the best inhibitory effect on the trapping of *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum*. Treatments 4, 5, and 6 significantly reduced the trapping of *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum*, indicating that although trans-verbenol has a repellent effect on *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum*, the inhibitory effect of more than 2g of trans-verbenol is still not as good as that of 2g of salicylaldehyde.

[0055] Example 3 Experiment on the inhibitory effect of different doses of salicylaldehyde on the bark beetle of Shangri-La The following six processes are prepared according to testing requirements: Process 1: Blank handling; Treatment 2: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol, and 30mg of cis-verbenol; Treatment 3: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 1g of salicylaldehyde; Treatment 4: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 2g of salicylaldehyde; Treatment 5: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 4g of salicylaldehyde; Treatment 6: 4g of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 40mg of bark beetledienol and 30mg of cis-verbenol, and 6g of salicylaldehyde; (1) 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol, bark beetle diene alcohol and cis-verbenol were prepared according to the above-mentioned dosages to obtain an attractant for the Shangri-La bark beetle. Salicylaldehyde was added dropwise to a sterile absorbent cotton carrier according to the above-mentioned dosages to prepare a slow-release repellent.

[0056] (2) Preparation and storage of lure and repellent: The lure was added to a polyethylene slow-release bottle containing defatted cotton, and the cap was tightened using a screw capping machine to obtain the lure. The repellent component was dripped onto a sterile defatted cotton carrier (same as in Example 1), and then placed in a polyethylene slow-release bottle. The cap was tightened to obtain the repellent slow-release bottle. The prepared lure and repellent slow-release bottle were sealed in aluminum foil and refrigerated at 4°C.

[0057] (3) Field application of repellents: a) Experimental location: Xianmi Forest Farm, Qilian Mountain National Park, Qinghai Province.

[0058] b) Construction of the trap: The trap mainly consists of a funnel-shaped bark beetle trap, purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The large and small plates are crossed to form a cross shape (500mm high, 300mm wide), connected to the top cover via a hook at the top, and connected to the funnel via a hook at the bottom. The flared opening for connecting the insect collection bottle is fitted over the lower part of the funnel and connected to the collection bottle.

[0059] c) Hanging position of lure and repellent: The combination of drugs is hung in the middle position 20cm from the top of the funnel-shaped bark beetle trap. The combination of drugs consists of one Shangri-La bark beetle attractant and one repellent.

[0060] d) Field setup of the traps: Five replicates were set up for each experimental treatment. The traps were set up at the edge of the Qinghai spruce forest, with a spacing of about 100m between the traps. Two 3m long and 0.5cm thick wires were connected between the two trees, and the traps were then fixed in the middle of the wires. The insect collection bottles of the traps were 1m off the ground.

[0061] e) Data collection and trap emptying: Each treatment in this experiment was repeated 5 times, and the number of bark beetles captured in each treatment was the average of the 5 traps. Depending on the weather conditions, the number of bark beetles in the collection bottles was observed every 7 days. After counting, the collected bark beetles were placed in a plastic box and taken to the laboratory.

[0062] The application of the above-described specific usage steps for repelling the Shangri-La bark beetle was carried out. From June 5th to July 1st, 2024, traps with blank lures (treatment 1) served as a blank control, while traps with Shangri-La bark beetle aggregation pheromone attractants (treatment 2) served as a positive control. Specific results are shown in [link to results]. Figure 3 The traps were spaced 100m apart, and the collection bottles were approximately 1m off the ground. Each treatment was replicated five times, and the number of bark beetles captured in each treatment was the average of the five traps. The number of bark beetles in the collection bottles was observed every five days, depending on weather conditions.

[0063] Table 3. Effects of different doses of salicylaldehyde on the trapping of *Bartholinae shangri-Laenia* by attractants.

[0064] Analysis of insect-attracting effects (e.g.) Figure 3 As shown in Table 3, treatment 1 (blank treatment) failed to attract *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum*; treatment 2 (*Bartholinium shangri-ladenum* aggregation pheromone attractant) had a good attraction effect. When slow-release bottles prepared with different amounts of salicylaldehyde were used in combination with the attractant, it was found that the number of *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum* trapped gradually decreased with increasing salicylaldehyde dosage. Treatments 4, 5, and 6 significantly reduced the number of *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum* trapped, but the differences among the three were not significant. From the perspective of repellency and economic cost, 2g of salicylaldehyde can have a significant repellency effect on the aggregation behavior of *Bartholinium shangri-ladenum* in the wild.

[0065] Example 4 Effects of salicylaldehyde and trans-verbenol on the invasion behavior of the Shangri-La bark beetle The following three processes are prepared according to the test requirements: Process 1: Blank handling; Treatment 2: Salicylaldehyde 2g; Treatment 3: trans-verbenol 2g (1) Prepare the repellent by mixing salicylaldehyde and trans-verbenol according to the above requirements.

[0066] (2) Preparation and storage of repellent: The repellent components in different proportions in (1) were added dropwise onto a sterile degreased cotton carrier (same as in Example 1), and then placed in a polyethylene slow-release bottle. After tightening the screw cap, the repellent slow-release bottle was obtained. The prepared repellent slow-release bottle was sealed with aluminum foil and refrigerated at 4°C.

[0067] (3) Field application of repellents: a) Experiment time and location: Xianmi Forest Farm, Qilian Mountain National Park, Qinghai Province (June 10-20, 2025); b) Bait wood trapping: Cut naturally fallen Qinghai spruce (weak wood, which can effectively attract Shangri-La tooth beetle) into 50cm sections as bait wood to lure Shangri-La tooth beetle.

[0068] c) Hanging position of the repellent: Fix the repellent slow-release bottle in the middle of the wooden section with thin wire.

[0069] d) Field setup and data collection of log segments: Log segments from different treatment groups were placed in well-lit areas, with five replicates for each treatment. After 10 days in the field, the number of entry holes of the Shangri-La tooth beetle on each log segment was counted.

[0070] Table 4. Effects of salicylaldehyde and trans-verbenol on the invasion of *Bartholinium shangri-Laenia*.

[0071] From the invasion holes on the Qinghai spruce baitwood of each treatment group ( Figure 4 (See Table 4). Statistical analysis revealed an average of 10.2 pores per log segment without repellent. When the repellent slow-release bottle was fixed to the trunk, the invasion of *Bartholinium spp.* by *Shangri-La* was significantly reduced. Treatment 2 (salicylaldehyde) showed an average of only 3.4 pores per log segment, demonstrating superior inhibition compared to treatment 3 (trans-verbenol). This experiment demonstrates that, under field conditions, a repellent prepared from salicylaldehyde can reduce *Bartholinium spp.* infestation of *Picea qinghaiensis* trunks.

[0072] In summary, the repellent for *Bartholinum spp.* provided by this invention exhibits a significant antagonistic effect on the aggregation behavior of *Bartholinum spp.*, effectively reducing the infection rate of the host plant, spruce. The repellent provided by this invention has a simple preparation process and application technology, making it suitable for large-scale production application. Furthermore, the active ingredient in the repellent, salicylaldehyde, is a common plant volatile compound, offering environmental advantages.

[0073] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle, characterized in that, include: The controlled-release carrier is a polyethylene controlled-release bottle; sterile degreased cotton placed inside the polyethylene controlled-release bottle; a repellent component adsorbed on the sterile degreased cotton, the repellent component being salicylaldehyde; wherein the content of salicylaldehyde in a single repellent is 1~6 g.

2. The repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of salicylaldehyde in a single repellent is 2 g.

3. The repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyethylene slow-release bottle is made of low-density polyethylene with a wall thickness of 0.3~0.8mm and is equipped with a sealing cap.

4. The repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The polyethylene slow-release bottle has a capacity of 15-25 ml, a thickness of 0.4-0.6 mm, a height of 80-120 mm, and a bottom diameter of 15-25 mm.

5. The repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The polyethylene slow-release bottle has a capacity of 20 ml, a thickness of 0.5 mm, a height of 100 mm, a bottom diameter of 20 mm, and a screw cap.

6. The repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purity of the salicylaldehyde is 98%.

7. The method for preparing the repellent for the Shangri-La bark beetle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The procedure includes the following steps: adding the amount of salicylaldehyde described in claim 1 onto sterile absorbent cotton, then placing the sterile absorbent cotton containing salicylaldehyde into the polyethylene slow-release bottle and tightening the cap.

8. The application of the Shangri-La bark beetle repellent according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in repelling Shangri-La bark beetles.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that: The Shangri-La bark beetle repellent was suspended in the forest at a height of 1m, with a spacing of 100m between adjacent repellents.

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