Diversified bacteria-enzyme synergistic fermentation feed based on sweet potato residue and bean curd residue and process thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a manufacturing process for a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermented diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue. The process includes: the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermented diet is prepared by fermenting a feed mixture and a mixed grain. The feed fermentation agent is formulated with the following microbial powders: 3% Bacillus, 2% yeast, 2% lactic acid bacteria, 1% Aspergillus niger, and 93% defatted rice bran. The manufacturing process of this diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermented diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue, by using a mixed grain made from sweet potato residue and tofu residue as a base, and selecting Bacillus, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, specifically supplementing it with Aspergillus niger, which has strong cellulase decomposition capabilities, and cellulase preparations to improve the degradation capacity of fiber; by optimizing the diet composition, the nutritional value of the diet is maintained, thus saving feed resources and reducing feed costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fattening feed technology, and in particular to a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue and its process. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, while my country's livestock and poultry farming industry has developed rapidly, it has also faced a severe shortage of feed resources, especially corn and soybean meal. Customs data shows that in 2012, my country imported 5.21 million tons of corn and 58.38 million tons of soybeans, while in 2022, imports of these two raw materials surged to 20.62 million tons and 91.08 million tons, respectively. The increase in corn and soybean meal imports and the rise in prices have seriously affected the stable development of the livestock industry. Therefore, research on corn and soybean meal reduction and substitution technologies is urgently needed to alleviate the shortage of corn and soybean meal feed resources in my country. In fact, my country has many unique local resources; if these resources can be fully utilized, the shortage of feed resources can be alleviated.

[0003] In current technology, sweet potatoes are a major raw material for starch production plants, and their consumption is enormous. However, to ensure the quality and color of the starch produced, the sweet potato residue must be removed. The large amount of sweet potato residue generated by starch plants is very difficult to dispose of. Current methods involve direct landfilling, which not only occupies land but also causes it to rot and smell, polluting the environment. Due to the short processing cycle, strong seasonality, and large yield of sweet potatoes, the residue cannot be effectively utilized and accumulates, quickly rotting and deteriorating, causing significant environmental impact. Besides containing special functional components, a major characteristic of sweet potato residue is its high cellulose content and energy value, making it a promising material for applications in the livestock industry.

[0004] Tofu residue is another often overlooked food waste generated during the processing of soy products such as tofu, dried bean curd sticks, and soy milk. While it contains abundant protein, flavonoids, saponins, and trace elements, its high water content makes it highly susceptible to spoilage and oxidation, hindering storage and transportation. It is generally treated as waste, with only a small amount used for animal feed. This not only wastes resources but also causes serious environmental pollution. However, tofu residue also contains a relatively high amount of crude protein, making it suitable for animal use.

[0005] Furthermore, existing large-scale farm feed mixing equipment typically ferments liquid feed mix separately before pouring it into the mixed grains for use. This requires different equipment to work with the above manufacturing process, resulting in numerous operational steps. Moreover, existing mixing equipment cannot fully mix large quantities of mixed grains, leading to some mixed grain accumulating in the dead corners at the bottom of the mixing tank, and some mixed grain adhering to the inner arm of the tank due to its stickiness. Consequently, the mixed grains and the fermented feed starter cannot be fully mixed.

[0006] Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned technical problems, a diversified microbial-enzyme co-fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue and its process are provided to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to address the aforementioned technical problems by developing a multi-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue, and its processing technology. This mixed diet, made from sweet potato residue and tofu residue, results in significantly higher levels of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber compared to the control diet and the corn-soybean meal-based low-protein diet. Therefore, this invention, in addition to selecting Bacillus, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, specifically supplements the diet with Aspergillus niger, which has strong cellulase decomposition capabilities, and cellulase preparations to improve fiber degradation. Tofu residue has a relatively high protein content but a relatively low energy value. Sweet potato residue, on the other hand, is the opposite, with low protein content and high energy value. Therefore, these two resources have complementary nutritional potential. This invention, by simultaneously adding tofu residue and sweet potato residue to a low-protein diet, can fully utilize the advantages of both while overcoming their respective nutritional disadvantages. The low-protein diversified diet for pigs significantly reduces the amount of corn and soybean meal used and increases the proportion of unconventional energy and protein feed ingredients with relatively low price and nutritional value. By optimizing the diet composition, the nutritional value of the diet is maintained, which not only saves feed resources but also reduces feed costs.

[0008] Furthermore, the structure and design of the fermentation mixing components facilitate the use of the fermented diet, making it easy to seal and ferment the feed fermenting agent. The subsequent mixing process allows for thorough mixing and blending of the fermented feed fermenting agent and the mixed grain, effectively improving the mixing of the mixed grain and the feed fermenting agent, enhancing the device's performance, and further increasing the mixing efficiency of the mixed grain.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue is applied to fattening feed.

[0010] Diets based on diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation of sweet potato residue and tofu residue specifically include: The diversified microbial enzyme synergistic fermented diet is prepared by fermenting a feed mixture and a mixed grain. The feed fermentation agent is formulated by mixing the following microbial powders: 3% Bacillus, 2% Yeast, 2% Lactic Acid Bacteria, 1% Aspergillus niger and 93% Defatted Rice Bran.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention, the Bacillus spores live bacteria have a count of 3.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, the yeast live bacteria have a count of 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, the lactic acid bacteria live bacteria have a count of 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, the Aspergillus niger live bacteria have a count of 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, and the defatted rice bran has a 30-mesh particle size.

[0012] The manufacturing process of a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue is applicable to any of the above, and the steps are as follows: S1: Fermented feed with bacteria and enzymes: 1 kg of basic mixed grain, 400 g of feed fermentation agent, 1 g of cellulase preparation, and 100 kg of clean water. S2: After mixing, seal the mixture in the fermentation mixing unit and ferment it. Release the gas 3 times a day. When it has a strong wine aroma after 3-7 days, it becomes a probiotic health liquid. S3: Add 80kg of mixed feed, stir well, and it is ready to feed the animals.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention, the fermentation stirring assembly includes a base, a fermentation stirring tank, a rotating column, a fixed gear, an adjusting motor, and a transmission gear. The fermentation stirring tank is movably connected to the inner side of the base, the rotating column is rotatably connected to the top of one side of the base, the fixed gear is rotatably connected to the inside of the base at a position corresponding to the rotating column, the adjusting motor is fixed to one side of the rotating column, and the transmission gear is rotatably connected to the inside of the base at a position corresponding to the adjusting motor. The output end of the adjusting motor passes through the base and is fixed to the transmission gear, and the transmission gear is meshed with the fixed gear.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the diversified microbial enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention, the fermentation stirring assembly further includes a lifting frame, a lifting screw, a lifting sleeve, a first lifting connecting block, and a fixing frame. The top of the rotating column is fixed with the lifting frame, the inner side of the lifting frame is rotatably connected with the lifting screw, the outer side of the lifting screw is threadedly connected with the lifting sleeve, the end of the lifting sleeve near the fermentation stirring tank is fixed with the first lifting connecting block, and fixing frames are fixed on both sides of the lifting frame.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the diversified microbial enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention, the fermentation stirring assembly further includes a lifting column, a sliding ring, a second lifting connecting block, a sealing barrel cover, and a lifting motor. The lifting column is fixed to the inner side of the fixed frame, and the sliding ring is slidably connected to the outer side of the lifting column. The second lifting connecting block is fixed to one end of the sliding ring near the fermentation stirring barrel. The sealing barrel cover is fixed to one end of the second lifting connecting block and the first lifting connecting block near the fermentation stirring barrel. The lifting motor is fixed to the top of the lifting frame, and the output end of the lifting motor passes through the lifting frame and is fixed to the lifting screw.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the diversified microbial enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention, the fermentation stirring assembly further includes a fixed column, a stirring motor, a stirring column, stirring blades, a first fixed ring, and a first transmission seat. The fixed column is fixed at the center of the bottom end of the sealed barrel cover. The bottom end of the fixed column is rotatably connected to the first transmission seat. The stirring column is fixed at the bottom end of the first transmission seat. The stirring blades are fixed on the outer side of the bottom end of the stirring column. The stirring motor is fixed at the center of the top end of the sealed barrel cover. The output end of the stirring motor passes through the sealed barrel cover and the fixed column and is fixed to the first transmission seat. The first fixed ring is fixed at the bottom end of the stirring column and at the bottom end of the stirring blades.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the diversified microbial enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention, the fermentation stirring assembly further includes a first stirring column, a second fixing ring, a second stirring column, a second transmission seat, a belt, and a scraper column. The first stirring column is fixed to the end of the first fixing ring away from the rotating column. The second fixing ring is fixed to the outer side of the first transmission seat. The second stirring column is fixed to the end of the second fixing ring away from the rotating column. The second transmission seat is rotatably connected to the inner side of the end of the second stirring column away from the fermentation stirring tank. A belt is provided between the first transmission seat and the second transmission seat. A scraper column is provided at the bottom end of the end of the second stirring column away from the rotating column. The top end of the scraper column passes through the second stirring column and is fixed to the second transmission seat. The bottom end of the scraper column is rotatably connected to the first stirring column.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention, the fermentation stirring assembly further includes a wall scraping ring, a wall scraping blade, a wall hanging strip, a first wall hanging plastic strip, a wall scraping block, and a second wall scraping plastic strip. Multiple wall scraping rings are fixed to the outer side of the wall scraping column. A wall scraping blade is fixed to both ends of the wall scraping ring. A wall hanging strip is fixed to the end of the wall scraping blade away from the wall scraping ring. A first wall hanging plastic strip is fixed to the end of the wall hanging strip away from the wall scraping ring. A wall scraping block is fixed to the end of the first stirring column away from the fermentation stirring tank. A second wall scraping plastic strip is fixed to the end of the wall scraping block away from the fermentation stirring tank.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the diversified microbial enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention, the fermentation stirring assembly further includes an exhaust pipe, an exhaust hole and a sealing round pipe. An exhaust pipe is fixed on one side of the top of the sealing barrel cover, and multiple exhaust holes are opened at the top of the exhaust pipe. The top of the exhaust pipe is threadedly connected to the sealing round pipe.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a diversified microbial-enzyme co-fermentation diet and its process based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue. By making a mixed diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue, the content of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber are significantly higher than those of the control diet and the corn and soybean meal type low protein diet. Therefore, the present invention, in addition to selecting Bacillus, yeast and lactic acid bacteria, specifically supplements Aspergillus niger with strong cellulase decomposition ability and cellulase preparations to improve the degradation ability of fiber. Tofu residue has a relatively high protein content but a relatively low energy value. Sweet potato residue is the opposite, with a low protein content and a high energy value; therefore, these two resources have complementary potential in terms of nutritional composition. Adding tofu residue and sweet potato residue to a low-protein diet can fully leverage the advantages of both while overcoming their respective nutritional disadvantages. A diversified low-protein diet for pigs significantly reduces the amount of corn and soybean meal used and increases the proportion of unconventional energy and protein feed ingredients that are relatively inexpensive and have lower nutritional value. By optimizing the diet composition, the nutritional value of the diet is maintained, which not only saves feed resources but also reduces feed costs. Furthermore, the structure and design of the fermentation mixing components facilitate the use of the fermented diet, making it easy to seal and ferment the feed fermenting agent. The subsequent mixing process allows for thorough mixing and blending of the fermented feed fermenting agent and the mixed grain, effectively improving the mixing of the mixed grain and the feed fermenting agent, enhancing the device's performance, and further increasing the mixing efficiency of the mixed grain. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the solutions in this invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fermentation and stirring device for a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention. Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the fermentation mixing tank of the multi-functional microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet fermentation mixing device based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention. Figure 3 The present invention provides a multi-functional microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation and mixing device for a diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue. Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the lifting screw structure of the fermentation mixing component for a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention. Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the sealing bucket lid of the fermentation mixing component for a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention. Figure 6 The diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by this invention Figure 5 Mid-fermentation mixing components Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the stirring column of the fermentation mixing component for a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fermentation mixing component for a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by the present invention.

[0023] The markings in the diagram are explained as follows: 1. Base; 2. Fermentation mixing tank; 3. Rotating column; 4. Fixed gear; 5. Adjusting motor; 6. Transmission gear; 7. Lifting frame; 8. Lifting screw; 9. Lifting sleeve; 10. First lifting connecting block; 11. Fixed frame; 12. Lifting column; 13. Sliding ring; 14. Second lifting connecting block; 15. Sealing tank lid; 16. Lifting motor; 17. Fixed column; 18. Mixing motor; 19. Mixing column; 20. Mixing blade; 21. First fixed ring; 22. First transmission seat; 23. First mixing square column; 24. Second fixed ring; 25. Second mixing square column; 26. Second transmission seat; 27. Belt; 28. Scraper column; 29. ​​Scraper ring; 30. Scraper blade; 31. Hanging strip; 32. First hanging plastic strip; 33. Scraper block; 34. Second scraping plastic strip; 35. Exhaust pipe; 36. Exhaust hole; 37. Sealing round pipe. Implementation

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] As described in the background section, in the existing technology, sweet potatoes are one of the main raw materials for starch production plants, and their consumption is enormous. However, in the process of producing starch from sweet potatoes, in order to ensure the quality and color of the starch, the sweet potato residue must be removed. The large amount of sweet potato residue generated by starch plants is very difficult to dispose of. The existing method is to directly landfill it, which not only occupies land but also causes it to rot and smell, polluting the environment. Due to the short processing cycle, strong seasonality, and large yield of sweet potatoes, the residue cannot be effectively utilized and accumulates, quickly rotting and deteriorating, causing a significant impact on the environment. In addition to containing special functional components, a major characteristic of sweet potato residue is its high cellulose content and high energy value, giving it great potential for application in the livestock industry.

[0026] Tofu residue is another often overlooked food waste generated during the processing of soy products such as tofu, dried bean curd sticks, and soy milk. While it contains abundant protein, flavonoids, saponins, and trace elements, its high water content makes it highly susceptible to spoilage and oxidation, hindering storage and transportation. It is generally treated as waste, with only a small amount used for animal feed. This not only wastes resources but also causes serious environmental pollution. However, tofu residue also contains a relatively high amount of crude protein, making it suitable for animal use.

[0027] Furthermore, existing large-scale farm feed mixing equipment typically ferments liquid feed mix separately before pouring it into the mixed grains for use. This requires different equipment to work with the above process, resulting in numerous operational steps. Moreover, existing mixing equipment cannot fully mix large quantities of mixed grains, leading to some mixed grains accumulating in the dead corners at the bottom of the mixing tank. Due to the stickiness of the mixed grains, some mixed grains adhere to the inner walls of the tank, preventing the mixed grains from being fully mixed with the fermented feed starter.

[0028] To address this technical problem, the present invention provides a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue, which can be applied to fattening feed.

[0029] Diets based on diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation of sweet potato residue and tofu residue specifically include: The diversified microbial enzyme synergistic fermented diet is prepared by fermenting a feed mixture and a mixed grain. The feed fermentation agent is formulated by mixing the following microbial powders: 3% Bacillus, 2% Yeast, 2% Lactic Acid Bacteria, 1% Aspergillus niger and 93% Defatted Rice Bran.

[0030] The Bacillus species has a live count of 3.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, the yeast species has a live count of 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, the lactic acid bacteria species has a live count of 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, the Aspergillus niger species has a live count of 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, and the defatted rice bran has a particle size of 30 mesh. This invention provides a diversified microbial-enzyme co-fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue. This mixed diet, made from sweet potato residue and tofu residue, results in significantly higher levels of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber compared to the control diet and the corn-soybean meal-based low-protein diet. Therefore, this invention, in addition to selecting Bacillus, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, specifically supplements the diet with Aspergillus niger, a strain with strong cellulase decomposition capabilities, and cellulase preparations to enhance fiber degradation. Tofu residue has a relatively high protein content but a relatively low energy value. Sweet potato residue, on the other hand, is the opposite, with low protein content and high energy value. Therefore, these two resources have complementary nutritional potential. This invention, by simultaneously adding tofu residue and sweet potato residue to a low-protein diet, fully utilizes the advantages of both while overcoming their respective nutritional disadvantages. This diversified low-protein diet for pigs significantly reduces the amount of corn-soybean meal used and increases the proportion of unconventional energy and protein feed ingredients with relatively low price and nutritional value. By optimizing the diet composition, it maintains the nutritional value of the diet, saving feed resources and reducing feed costs.

[0031] Furthermore, the structure and design of the fermentation mixing components facilitate the use of the fermented diet, making it easy to seal and ferment the feed fermenting agent. The subsequent mixing process allows for thorough mixing and blending of the fermented feed fermenting agent and the mixed grain, effectively improving the mixing of the mixed grain and the feed fermenting agent, enhancing the device's performance, and further increasing the mixing efficiency of the mixed grain.

[0032] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Example

[0033] Diets based on diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation of sweet potato residue and tofu residue.

[0034] For Bacillus, Lactobacillus, yeast, and Aspergillus niger, commercially available strains can be used in this invention. The strains used in the following embodiments were purchased from the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. For cellulase preparations, commercially available cellulases can be used in this invention. The cellulase preparations used in the following embodiments were purchased from Xiasheng (Beijing) Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.

[0035] 100 g feed fermentation agent: The fermentation agent is prepared by mixing the following components in the indicated mass ratio: 3% Bacillus, 2% yeast, 2% lactic acid bacteria, 1% Aspergillus niger, with the remainder being a carrier, which is defatted rice bran with a particle size of 30 mesh. The fermentation agent contains 3.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g of live Bacillus, 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g of live yeast, 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g of live lactic acid bacteria, and 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g of live Aspergillus niger. The feed fermentation agent is obtained by directly mixing all the above components evenly.

[0036] Table 1 shows the control diet, corn-soybean meal low-protein diet, and sweet potato residue and tofu residue low-protein diversified diet for the 35-60 kg stage. Table 2 shows the control diet, corn-soybean meal low-protein diet, and sweet potato residue and tofu residue low-protein diversified diet for the 60-100 kg stage. The proportion of sweet potato residue and tofu residue in the diet is calculated based on dry matter, and the fresh weight addition is calculated based on the actual moisture content (the same applies below).

[0037] Fermented feed with microbial enzymes: Mix 1 kg of the above-mentioned basal diet (dry matter basis), 400 g of feed fermentation agent, 1 g of cellulase preparation (10000 U / g), and 100 kg of water. Seal and ferment in a plastic container, releasing gas 3 times a day. When a strong alcoholic aroma is present in 3-7 days, it becomes a probiotic health-promoting liquid. Then add 80 kg (dry matter basis) of the basal diet, stir well, and it is ready to be fed to animals.

[0038] Performance testing: One hundred and twenty castrated boars (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) of similar weight (35 ± 1 kg) and in good health were randomly assigned to four groups, with six replicates per group and five boars per replicate. The feeding trial was conducted in two phases. Phase 1: For boars weighing 35–60 kg, the diets for the four groups were 16.0% CP (control diet), 14.5% CP (corn and soybean meal low-protein diet), 14.5% CP (sweet potato residue and tofu residue low-protein diversified diet), and 14.5% CP (sweet potato residue and tofu residue low-protein diversified diet with synergistic microbial and enzyme fermentation). The experimental diets are shown in Table 1. Phase II: For pigs weighing 60-100 kg, the four diets were: 13.5% CP (control diet), 12.0% CP (corn and soybean meal low-protein diet), 12.0% CP (sweet potato residue and tofu residue low-protein diversified diet), and 12.0% CP (sweet potato residue and tofu residue low-protein diversified diet with synergistic microbial and enzyme fermentation). The experimental diets are shown in Table 2. The pre-feeding period was 4 days, and the main trial period was 84 days. Pigs were housed individually in cages with free access to water, and the indoor temperature was maintained at 23-28℃. Each pig's daily feed was divided into two portions, fed at 7:30 AM and 5:30 PM, and the remaining feed was recorded daily. Fasting weights were taken on day 1, day 35 of the main trial period, and at the end of the trial.

[0039] Table 1. Dietary formulations and nutrient levels for 35–60 kg pigs (%, based on dry matter) Diet 1: Control diet; Diet 2: Low-protein diet based on corn and soybean meal; Diet 3: Low-protein diversified diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue.

[0040] Diets 1-4 provide the following per kilogram of feed: Copper (copper sulfate), 100 mg; Iron (copper sulfate), 100 mg; Zinc (zinc oxide), 120 mg; Manganese (manganese sulfate), 20 mg; Iodine (calcium iodate), 0.3 mg; Selenium (sodium selenite), 0.3 mg; Vitamin A, 3,800 IU; Vitamin D3, 800 IU; Vitamin E, 10 IU; Vitamin K, 1 mg; Choline, 200 mg; Pantothenic acid, 5 mg; Vitamin B2, 2 mg; Folic acid, 0.8 mg; Vitamin B1, 1 mg; Vitamin B6, 1 mg; Biotin, 0.08 mg; Vitamin B12, 0.01 mg.

[0041] Table 2. Dietary formulations and nutrient levels for 60–100 kg pigs (%, based on dry matter) Diet 1: Control diet; Diet 2: Low-protein diet based on corn and soybean meal; Diet 3: Low-protein diversified diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue.

[0042] Diets 1-4 provide the following per kilogram of feed: Copper (copper sulfate), 100 mg; Iron (copper sulfate), 100 mg; Zinc (zinc oxide), 120 mg; Manganese (manganese sulfate), 20 mg; Iodine (calcium iodate), 0.3 mg; Selenium (sodium selenite), 0.3 mg; Vitamin A, 3,800 IU; Vitamin D3, 800 IU; Vitamin E, 10 IU; Vitamin K, 1 mg; Choline, 200 mg; Pantothenic acid, 5 mg; Vitamin B2, 2 mg; Folic acid, 0.8 mg; Vitamin B1, 1 mg; Vitamin B6, 1 mg; Biotin, 0.08 mg; Vitamin B12, 0.01 mg.

[0043] Table 3. Effects of low-protein, multi-microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diets of sweet potato residue and tofu residue on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. Diet 1: Control diet; Diet 2: Corn and soybean meal type low-protein diet; Diet 3: Sweet potato residue and tofu residue type diversified low-protein diet; Diet 4: Sweet potato residue and tofu residue type low-protein diversified microbial enzyme co-fermentation diet.

[0044] Table 3 shows that the pigs fed a low-protein, diversified diet consisting of sweet potato residue and tofu residue had the lowest final weight and daily gain among the four groups (P<0.05), while the final weight and daily gain of pigs fed a low-protein, diversified diet with enzyme- and bacteria co-fermentation consisting of sweet potato residue and tofu residue were not significantly different from those fed a control diet and a corn-soybean meal low-protein diet (P>0.05). The ratio of daily gain to nitrogen intake was higher in pigs fed a corn-soybean meal low-protein diet and a low-protein, diversified diet with enzyme- and bacteria co-fermentation consisting of sweet potato residue and tofu residue than in pigs fed a control diet (P<0.05). The experimental results indicate that feeding a low-protein, diversified diet with enzyme- and bacteria co-fermentation consisting of sweet potato residue and tofu residue with a 1.5 percentage point reduction in protein level can maximize the conservation of protein feed resources without affecting growth performance. Example

[0045] Based on the above embodiment one, the manufacturing method is disclosed, and the steps are as follows: S1: Fermented feed with bacteria and enzymes: 1 kg of basic mixed grain, 400 g of feed fermentation agent, 1 g of cellulase preparation, and 100 kg of clean water. S2: After mixing, seal the mixture in the fermentation mixing unit and ferment it. Release the gas 3 times a day. When it has a strong wine aroma after 3-7 days, it becomes a probiotic health liquid. S3: Add 80kg of mixed feed, stir well, and it is ready to feed the animals.

[0046] The operating steps provided in this embodiment, based on the accurate data of the mixed grain and feed fermentation agent, can improve the nutritional value of each mixed grain, increase the precision of the mixed grain mixing, and further improve the nutritional value of the mixed grain when used. Example

[0047] Based on the above-described embodiment two, a fermentation stirring component is disclosed, such as... Figures 1-4 As shown, the fermentation stirring assembly also includes a lifting frame 7, a lifting screw 8, a lifting sleeve 9, a first lifting connecting block 10, and a fixing frame 11. The top of the rotating column 3 is fixed with the lifting frame 7. The lifting screw 8 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the lifting frame 7. The lifting sleeve 9 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the lifting screw 8. The first lifting connecting block 10 is fixed to one end of the lifting sleeve 9 near the fermentation stirring tank 2. Fixing frames 11 are fixed to both sides of the lifting frame 7.

[0048] The fermentation stirring assembly also includes a lifting column 12, a sliding ring 13, a second lifting connecting block 14, a sealing barrel cover 15, and a lifting motor 16. The lifting column 12 is fixed to the inner side of the fixed frame 11, and the sliding ring 13 is slidably connected to the outer side of the lifting column 12. The second lifting connecting block 14 is fixed to one end of the sliding ring 13 near the fermentation stirring barrel 2. The sealing barrel cover 15 is fixed to one end of the second lifting connecting block 14 and the first lifting connecting block 10 near the fermentation stirring barrel 2. The lifting motor 16 is fixed to the top of the lifting frame 7, and the output end of the lifting motor 16 passes through the lifting frame 7 and is fixed to the lifting screw 8.

[0049] The fermentation stirring assembly also includes a fixed column 17, a stirring motor 18, a stirring column 19, a stirring blade 20, a first fixing ring 21, and a first transmission seat 22. The fixed column 17 is fixed at the center of the bottom end of the sealed barrel cover 15. The bottom end of the fixed column 17 is rotatably connected to the first transmission seat 22. The stirring column 19 is fixed at the bottom end of the first transmission seat 22. The stirring blade 20 is fixed on the outer side of the bottom end of the stirring column 19. The stirring motor 18 is fixed at the center of the top end of the sealed barrel cover 15. The output end of the stirring motor 18 passes through the sealed barrel cover 15 and the fixed column 17 and is fixed to the first transmission seat 22. The first fixing ring 21 is fixed at the bottom end of the stirring column 19 and at the bottom end of the stirring blade 20.

[0050] The above structural design facilitates the sealing of the fermentation mixing tank 2 and the mixing of the mixed grains and feed fermentation agents inside the fermentation mixing tank 2. This improves the integration of the device and reduces the low work efficiency caused by the handling of feed fermentation agents and mixed grains within the device. It further improves the efficiency of the device while reducing the cost of the device. Example

[0051] The diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided in Example 3 was further optimized, specifically, as follows: Figures 5-8As shown, in order to facilitate the thorough mixing of the mixed grain and the feed fermentation agent, the fermentation mixing assembly also includes a first mixing column 23, a second fixing ring 24, a second mixing column 25, a second transmission seat 26, a belt 27, and a scraper column 28. The first mixing column 23 is fixed to the end of the first fixing ring 21 away from the rotating column 3. The second fixing ring 24 is fixed to the outer side of the first transmission seat 22. The second mixing column 25 is fixed to the end of the second fixing ring 24 away from the rotating column 3. The second transmission seat 26 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the end of the second mixing column 25 away from the fermentation mixing tank 2. A belt 27 is provided between the first transmission seat 22 and the second transmission seat 26. The scraper column 28 is provided at the bottom end of the end of the second mixing column 25 away from the rotating column 3. The top end of the scraper column 28 passes through the second mixing column 25 and is fixed to the second transmission seat 26. The bottom end of the scraper column 28 is rotatably connected to the first mixing column 23.

[0052] To facilitate scraping off the mixed grains adhering to the inner wall of the fermentation mixing tank 2, the fermentation mixing assembly also includes a scraping ring 29, a scraping arm blade 30, a wall-hanging strip 31, a first wall-hanging plastic strip 32, a scraping block 33, and a second scraping plastic strip 34. Multiple scraping rings 29 are fixed to the outer side of the scraping column 28. Scraping arm blades 30 are fixed to both ends of the scraping ring 29. A wall-hanging strip 31 is fixed to the end of the scraping arm blade 30 away from the scraping ring 29. A first wall-hanging plastic strip 32 is fixed to the end of the wall-hanging strip 31 away from the scraping ring 29. A scraping block 33 is fixed to the end of the first mixing column 23 away from the fermentation mixing tank 2. A second scraping plastic strip 34 is fixed to the end of the scraping block 33 away from the fermentation mixing tank 2.

[0053] To facilitate timely venting of the feed fermentation agent during fermentation, the fermentation mixing assembly also includes an vent pipe 35, vent holes 36, and a sealing round pipe 37. The vent pipe 35 is fixed to one side of the top of the sealing barrel cover 15. Multiple vent holes 36 are opened at the top of the vent pipe 35, and the sealing round pipe 37 is threadedly connected to the top of the vent pipe 35.

[0054] The above structural design facilitates the stirring of the mixed grains at the inner edge of the fermentation mixing tank 2, preventing insufficient mixing of some mixed grains and feed fermentation agents due to dead corners inside the fermentation mixing tank 2, thus improving the mixing effect of the mixed grains after stirring.

[0055] The manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue provided by this invention is as follows: Connect this device to an external power source. Pour 100 kg of clean water into the fermentation mixing tank 2 through the first lifting connecting block, and then pour the corresponding amount of feed fermentation agent into the fermentation mixing tank 2. After thoroughly mixing, start the regulating motor 5, so that the output end of the regulating motor 5 drives the transmission gear 6 to rotate. In turn, the transmission gear 6 drives the fixed gear 4 and the rotating column 3 to rotate, so that the rotating column 3 rotates the sealing tank cover 15 to the top position of the fermentation mixing tank 2 through the lifting frame 7, and then starts... The lifting motor 16 is activated, causing its output to drive the lifting screw 8 to rotate. The lifting screw 8 then moves the sealing barrel cover 15 toward the fermentation mixing barrel 2 via the lifting sleeve 9 and the first lifting connecting block 10, sealing the fermentation mixing barrel 2 with the sealing barrel cover 15. This allows the mixture of feed fermenting agent and water inside to ferment. When it is necessary to release the fermentation gas inside the fermentation mixing barrel 2, the sealing round tube 37 is rotated upwards, exposing the exhaust hole 36 on the second stirring square column 25, thereby releasing the fermentation gas inside the fermentation mixing barrel 2.

[0056] Once the gas fermentation in the fermentation mixing tank 2 is complete, the regulating motor 5 and the lifting motor 16 are activated to restore the sealing lid 15 to its original position. Then, 80 kg of a mixed grain based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue is poured into the fermentation mixing tank 2. The regulating motor 5 is then activated to rotate the sealing lid 15 onto the fermentation mixing tank 2. The lifting motor 16 is then activated to seal the sealing lid 15 with the fermentation mixing tank 2. Finally, the stirring motor 18 is activated, causing the stirring column 19 and the first fixing ring 21 to rotate. Simultaneously, the first fixing ring 21 rotates, and the stirring column 19... The second stirring column 25 and belt 27 drive the scraper column 28 between the second fixed ring 24 and the first stirring column 23 to rotate, thereby fully mixing the mixed grain with the fermented feed fermentation agent. While the stirring column 19 and scraper column 28 are rotating, the mixed grain on the inner edge of the fermentation mixing tank 2 is stirred out by the first wall-hanging plastic strip 32 on the scraper ring 29 and the second wall-scraping plastic strip 34 on the first stirring column 23, so that some of the mixed grain and feed fermentation agent will not be insufficiently mixed due to dead corners in the fermentation mixing tank 2, thus improving the mixing effect of the mixed grain after mixing.

Claims

1. A diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue, characterized in that, The diversified microbial enzyme synergistic fermented diet is prepared by fermenting a feed mixture and a mixed grain. The feed fermentation agent is formulated by mixing the following microbial powders: 3% Bacillus, 2% Yeast, 2% Lactic Acid Bacteria, 1% Aspergillus niger and 93% Defatted Rice Bran.

2. The diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Bacillus live bacteria count is 3.0 × 10 CFU / g fermentation agent, the yeast live bacteria count is 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, the lactic acid bacteria live bacteria count is 2.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, the Aspergillus niger live bacteria count is 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU / g fermentation agent, and the defatted rice bran has a 30-mesh particle size.

3. A manufacturing process for a diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue, applicable to the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Fermented feed with bacteria and enzymes: 1 kg of basic mixed grain, 400 g of feed fermentation agent, 1 g of cellulase preparation, and 100 kg of clean water. S2: After mixing, seal the mixture in the fermentation mixing unit and ferment it. Release the gas 3 times a day. When it has a strong wine aroma after 3-7 days, it becomes a probiotic health liquid. S3: Add 80kg of mixed feed, stir well, and it is ready to feed the animals.

4. The manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fermentation stirring assembly includes a base (1), a fermentation stirring tank (2), a rotating column (3), a fixed gear (4), an adjusting motor (5), and a transmission gear (6). The fermentation stirring tank (2) is movably connected to the inner side of the base (1). The rotating column (3) is rotatably connected to the top of one side of the base (1). The fixed gear (4) is rotatably connected to the inside of the base (1) at a position corresponding to the rotating column (3). The adjusting motor (5) is fixed to one side of the rotating column (3). The transmission gear (6) is rotatably connected to the inside of the base (1) at a position corresponding to the adjusting motor (5). The output end of the adjusting motor (5) passes through the base (1) and is fixed to the transmission gear (6). The transmission gear (6) meshes with the fixed gear (4).

5. The manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fermentation stirring assembly also includes a lifting frame (7), a lifting screw (8), a lifting sleeve (9), a first lifting connecting block (10), and a fixing frame (11). The top of the rotating column (3) is fixed with the lifting frame (7). The inner side of the lifting frame (7) is rotatably connected with the lifting screw (8). The outer side of the lifting screw (8) is threadedly connected with the lifting sleeve (9). The end of the lifting sleeve (9) near the fermentation stirring tank (2) is fixed with the first lifting connecting block (10). Fixing frames (11) are fixed on both sides of the lifting frame (7).

6. The manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fermentation stirring assembly also includes a lifting column (12), a sliding ring (13), a second lifting connecting block (14), a sealing barrel cover (15), and a lifting motor (16). The lifting column (12) is fixed to the inner side of the fixed frame (11), and the sliding ring (13) is slidably connected to the outer side of the lifting column (12). The second lifting connecting block (14) is fixed to one end of the sliding ring (13) near the fermentation stirring barrel (2). The sealing barrel cover (15) is fixed to one end of the second lifting connecting block (14) and the first lifting connecting block (10) near the fermentation stirring barrel (2). The lifting motor (16) is fixed to the top of the lifting frame (7), and the output end of the lifting motor (16) passes through the lifting frame (7) and is fixed to the lifting screw (8).

7. The manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fermentation stirring assembly also includes a fixed column (17), a stirring motor (18), a stirring column (19), a stirring blade (20), a first fixed ring (21), and a first transmission seat (22). The fixed column (17) is fixed at the center of the bottom of the sealed barrel cover (15). The bottom of the fixed column (17) is rotatably connected to the first transmission seat (22). The bottom of the first transmission seat (22) is fixed with the stirring column (19). The stirring blade (20) is fixed on the outer side of the bottom of the stirring column (19). The stirring motor (18) is fixed at the center of the top of the sealed barrel cover (15). The output end of the stirring motor (18) passes through the sealed barrel cover (15) and the fixed column (17) and is fixed to the first transmission seat (22). The bottom of the stirring column (19) and the bottom of the stirring blade (20) is fixed with the first fixed ring (21).

8. The manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fermentation stirring assembly further includes a first stirring column (23), a second fixing ring (24), a second stirring column (25), a second transmission seat (26), a belt (27), and a scraping column (28). The first fixing ring (21) is fixed to the first stirring column (23) at one end away from the rotating column (3). The second fixing ring (24) is fixed to the outer side of the first transmission seat (22). The second fixing ring (24) is fixed to the second stirring column (25) at one end away from the rotating column (3). A second transmission seat (26) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the stirring column (25) away from the fermentation stirring tank (2). A belt (27) is provided between the first transmission seat (22) and the second transmission seat (26). A scraper column (28) is provided at the bottom end of the second stirring column (25) away from the rotating column (3). The top end of the scraper column (28) passes through the second stirring column (25) and is fixed to the second transmission seat (26). The bottom end of the scraper column (28) is rotatably connected to the first stirring column (23).

9. The manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fermentation stirring assembly also includes a wall scraping ring (29), a wall scraping blade (30), a wall hanging strip (31), a first wall hanging plastic strip (32), a wall scraping block (33), and a second wall scraping plastic strip (34). Multiple wall scraping rings (29) are fixed on the outside of the wall scraping column (28). Both ends of the wall scraping ring (29) are fixed with wall scraping blades (30). A wall hanging strip (31) is fixed at the end of the wall scraping blade (30) away from the wall scraping ring (29). A first wall hanging plastic strip (32) is fixed at the end of the wall hanging strip (31) away from the wall scraping ring (29). A wall scraping block (33) is fixed at the end of the first stirring column (23) away from the fermentation stirring tank (2). A second wall scraping plastic strip (34) is fixed at the end of the wall scraping block (33) away from the fermentation stirring tank (2).

10. The manufacturing process of the diversified microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation diet based on sweet potato residue and tofu residue according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fermentation stirring assembly also includes an exhaust pipe (35), an exhaust hole (36), and a sealing round pipe (37). An exhaust pipe (35) is fixed on one side of the top of the sealing barrel cover (15). The top of the exhaust pipe (35) has multiple exhaust holes (36), and the top of the exhaust pipe (35) is threadedly connected to the sealing round pipe (37).

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