A perineum pressure real-time risk early warning system for natural childbirth second stage of labor

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of medical informatics, providing a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth. The system includes: a pressure acquisition terminal, which is placed between the fetal head and the mother's perineal tissue to collect real-time pressure data on the perineal tissue during labor; the pressure acquisition terminal has a built-in wireless communication unit and a miniature power supply; and a data processing terminal, which is an independent intelligent device separate from the pressure acquisition terminal. The data processing terminal dynamically calculates the perineal laceration risk level based on the real-time pressure data output by the pressure acquisition terminal and controls the triggering of corresponding warning signals. This invention achieves dynamic warning of perineal laceration risk, improving safety during childbirth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical informatics technology, and in particular to a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth. Background Technology

[0002] Perineal injury is the most common complication of vaginal delivery. During the second stage of labor in natural childbirth, the descent of the fetal head exerts continuous pressure on the perineal tissues. When the pressure exceeds the tissues' tolerance, perineal lacerations are highly likely to occur. In severe cases, this can lead to long-term complications such as postpartum urinary incontinence and pelvic floor dysfunction, significantly impacting the mother's quality of life. Currently, midwives' assessment of perineal injury risk in clinical practice relies primarily on personal experience. There is a lack of objective quantitative indicators when deciding whether to perform an episiotomy and adjust delivery techniques, resulting in strong subjectivity and significant individual differences. Clinical studies have confirmed a significant correlation between perineal pressure and severe perineal injury, and have provided validated pressure risk thresholds and risk probability prediction models, offering a data foundation for objectively assessing the risk of perineal lacerations.

[0003] While existing perineal pressure monitoring devices can collect and display pressure values, they all use wired connections. The fixed cables between the sensors and the main unit severely restrict the midwife's operating space and only display pressure values, lacking risk warning functions. Existing perineal tear prediction schemes rely on static indicators such as perineal elasticity and fetal weight for a one-time prenatal assessment, failing to reflect the dynamic changes in pressure during the second stage of labor and thus unable to provide midwives with real-time decision support during delivery. Therefore, there is currently no system in the technology that can combine a validated perineal pressure prediction model with wireless real-time monitoring hardware to dynamically calculate tear risk during the second stage of labor and trigger multi-level warnings in real time. This results in midwives being unable to obtain objective, continuous, and quantitative risk feedback during labor, making it difficult to take timely and targeted perineal protection measures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth, in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0005] This invention provides a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth, comprising: A pressure acquisition terminal is placed between the fetal head and the perineal tissue of the mother to collect real-time pressure data on the perineal tissue of the mother during childbirth. The pressure acquisition terminal has a built-in wireless communication unit and a miniature power supply. The data processing terminal is an intelligent device independent of the pressure acquisition terminal. The data processing terminal is used to dynamically calculate the perineal laceration risk level based on the real-time pressure data output by the pressure acquisition terminal, and control the triggering of the corresponding level of early warning signal. The data processing terminal includes: A data receiving module is connected to the wireless communication unit of the pressure acquisition terminal and is used to receive pressure data collected in real time by the pressure acquisition terminal. The real-time display module is used to display the pressure value and its changing trend in real time on the terminal screen in the form of a combination of numbers and dynamic curves based on the pressure data received by the data receiving module, and to simultaneously display the current duration of the second stage of labor. The risk assessment module is used to dynamically calculate the risk of perineal laceration based on the pressure data received by the data receiving module, and output the risk assessment result. An early warning output module is used to issue a risk warning based on the risk assessment results of the risk assessment module. The risk assessment module includes multiple independent risk calculation units. These units extract pressure feature values ​​from the same real-time pressure data, perform judgments on different risk dimensions in parallel within the same monitoring period, and output corresponding level warning trigger results to the warning output module according to preset grading rules.

[0006] According to the present invention, a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth is provided. Each pressure acquisition terminal includes at least two flexible thin-film pressure sensors, which are respectively arranged at the corresponding positions on the vaginal wall and the middle of the perineal body. Multiple flexible thin-film pressure sensors independently acquire pressure data and transmit them concurrently to the data processing terminal through the same wireless communication unit. The data processing terminal takes the feature value of the multiple pressure data as the input parameter for risk calculation, wherein the feature value is the maximum value or the average value.

[0007] According to the present invention, a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth is provided. Each pressure acquisition terminal is encapsulated in medical waterproof material. The encapsulation structure is composed of a flexible base layer, a sensing layer, and a waterproof sealing layer in sequence. The flexible base layer is made of a medical-grade flexible material that has good adhesion to perineal tissue. The sensing layer integrates the flexible thin-film pressure sensor and the electrically connected signal conditioning circuit. The waterproof sealing layer seals the sensing layer, the wireless communication unit, and the micro power supply as a whole, so that the pressure acquisition terminal has waterproof capability in the childbirth environment.

[0008] According to the present invention, a real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth is provided, wherein the pressure acquisition terminal is a disposable structure.

[0009] According to the present invention, a real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth is provided, wherein the data receiving module includes: A data verification unit is used to verify the validity of the received pressure data and output a valid pressure signal. The filtering processing unit is used to perform interference spike filtering processing on the effective pressure signal and output a smooth and continuous clean pressure signal.

[0010] According to the present invention, a real-time risk warning system for perineal pressure during the second stage of natural childbirth is provided, wherein the plurality of independent risk calculation units include: A threshold comparison unit continuously compares real-time pressure data with a preset first pressure threshold. When the real-time pressure data exceeds the preset first pressure threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a first-level early warning signal. The probability calculation unit, with a built-in timer in the data processing terminal, is used to automatically record the start time of the second stage of labor and output the current duration of labor in real time. The probability calculation unit substitutes the current duration of labor, real-time pressure data, and pre-entered years of work experience of the midwife into the laceration risk probability prediction model to calculate the probability of severe perineal laceration in real time. When the probability of severe perineal laceration is greater than the preset probability threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a secondary early warning signal and display the specific probability value on the interface. The trend analysis unit calculates the pressure rise rate from real-time pressure data within a continuous time window. When the pressure rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a level three early warning signal. The continuous duration calculation unit accumulates and calculates the duration for which the implemented pressure data is continuously greater than a preset second pressure threshold in real time. When the continuous duration exceeds the preset time threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a level four early warning signal.

[0011] According to the present invention, a real-time risk warning system for perineal pressure during the second stage of natural childbirth is provided, wherein the risk assessment module further includes: The threshold management unit allows users to customize the preset first pressure threshold, preset probability threshold, preset rate threshold, and preset second pressure threshold, and supports storing multiple threshold schemes.

[0012] According to the present invention, a real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth is provided, wherein the early warning output module includes: A local output unit, wherein the local output unit synchronously outputs a warning signal locally through the speaker, vibration motor and display screen of the data processing terminal; The remote push unit transmits early warning information in real time to the central monitoring system and the mobile terminal of the designated doctor through the hospital's wireless network, realizing multi-node synchronous early warning linkage.

[0013] According to the present invention, a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth is provided, wherein the warning information includes at least one of the following: warning level, warning trigger type, warning trigger time, real-time pressure data, or pressure characteristic value.

[0014] According to the present invention, a real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth is provided, wherein the data processing terminal further includes: The data storage and reporting module is used to automatically save the original pressure curve data, trigger time, trigger type, warning level and corresponding treatment measures of each level of early warning information throughout the entire process of each delivery, and generate a delivery data report containing the original pressure curve data, trigger time, trigger type, warning level and corresponding treatment measures. The data storage and reporting module is also used to store the original pressure curve data, early warning information at all levels, and corresponding treatment measures as historical delivery data, and to feed the historical delivery data back to the risk assessment module for updating and optimizing at least one of the model parameters of the laceration risk probability prediction model, the threshold parameters in the threshold management unit, or the early warning grading rules. This invention integrates a flexible thin-film pressure sensor, a wireless communication unit, a multi-level early warning algorithm module, and a multi-channel early warning output module into an integrated monitoring system. This fundamentally solves the core pain points of existing technologies, such as wired devices restricting operating space and static assessments failing to dynamically guide clinical decision-making. It enables midwives to obtain continuous, objective, and quantitative perineal pressure data throughout the second stage of labor, significantly reducing decision-making biases caused by experience differences and effectively improving the timeliness and accuracy of perineal protection interventions. This invention embeds a clinically validated laceration risk probability prediction model into a hardware terminal in the form of a probability calculation unit. This transforms the contribution of the artificial intelligence prediction algorithm into a real-time decision-making basis that can be responded to instantly during labor. This gives the system the essential capability to surpass simple pressure display devices. It can dynamically output individualized risk probabilities by comprehensively considering the duration of labor, midwife experience, and real-time pressure three-dimensional parameters within milliseconds, and trigger warnings accordingly. In addition, the threshold management unit supports multi-scheme custom storage and switching functions, enabling the algorithm model to continuously optimize for localized clinical data from different medical institutions, further expanding the clinical applicability and promotional value of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the risk assessment module structure in a real-time risk warning system for perineal pressure during the second stage of natural childbirth, provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of this invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terminology used is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the figures.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth, comprising: A pressure acquisition terminal is placed between the fetal head and the perineal tissue of the mother to collect real-time pressure data on the perineal tissue of the mother during childbirth. The pressure acquisition terminal has a built-in wireless communication unit and a miniature power supply. The data processing terminal is an intelligent device independent of the pressure acquisition terminal. The data processing terminal is used to dynamically calculate the perineal laceration risk level based on the real-time pressure data output by the pressure acquisition terminal, and control the triggering of the corresponding level of early warning signal.

[0020] This invention provides a real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth, comprising a pressure acquisition terminal, a data processing terminal, and a wireless communication connection between the two. The pressure acquisition terminal is placed close to the fetal head and the mother's perineal tissue, continuously sensing and collecting real-time pressure data on the perineal tissue throughout the second stage of labor. The pressure acquisition terminal has a built-in wireless communication unit and a miniature power supply, eliminating the need for external cables for power supply or data transmission, fundamentally eliminating the constraints of traditional wired monitoring equipment on the midwife's operating space. The data processing terminal is an independent intelligent device separate from the pressure acquisition terminal. It receives the pressure data output by the pressure acquisition terminal in real time via wireless communication and dynamically calculates the perineal laceration risk level based on the pressure data. When the risk level meets preset conditions, it triggers a corresponding warning signal to immediately prompt the midwife to take targeted perineal protection measures. This invention integrates pressure data acquisition, wireless transmission, dynamic risk calculation, and graded early warning output into one system, realizing full-process, objective, and quantitative monitoring of perineal pressure status during the second stage of labor. It effectively makes up for the shortcomings of existing technologies that rely solely on the subjective experience of midwives, and significantly improves the objectivity of perineal laceration risk assessment and the timeliness of clinical intervention.

[0021] Each pressure acquisition terminal includes at least two flexible thin-film pressure sensors, which are respectively arranged at the corresponding positions on the vaginal wall and in the middle of the perineum. Multiple flexible thin-film pressure sensors independently acquire pressure data and transmit it concurrently to the data processing terminal through the same wireless communication unit. The data processing terminal takes the feature value of the multiple pressure data as the input parameter for risk calculation, wherein the feature value is the maximum value or the average value.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each pressure acquisition terminal includes at least two flexible thin-film pressure sensors, respectively arranged at a corresponding position on the vaginal wall and in the middle of the perineum. These two locations correspond to the high-risk anatomical areas where perineal tissue is most prone to tearing during childbirth. The multiple flexible thin-film pressure sensors are spatially independent, each sensing the local pressure at its location, and transmit multiple pressure data streams concurrently to the data processing terminal in real time via the same wireless communication unit, ensuring the synchronization and integrity of multi-point data acquisition.

[0023] After receiving multiple pressure data streams, the data processing terminal extracts feature values ​​from each stream as input parameters for risk calculation. The feature values ​​are the maximum or average value of each pressure data stream. Taking the maximum value can preferentially reflect the local high-pressure risk area, while taking the average value can assess the overall pressure level. Users can choose the appropriate feature extraction method according to the clinical scenario.

[0024] Compared with single-point monitoring, this implementation method can effectively identify uneven pressure distribution caused by fetal head misalignment or uneven perineal tissue development, avoiding the omission of local high-risk areas due to single-point collection, thereby greatly improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of risk assessment, providing midwives with more refined perineal pressure distribution reference information, and further reducing the missed detection rate of severe perineal lacerations.

[0025] Each pressure acquisition terminal is encapsulated in medical-grade waterproof material. The encapsulation structure is composed of a flexible base layer, a sensing layer, and a waterproof sealing layer in sequence. The flexible base layer is made of medical-grade flexible material that adheres well to perineal tissue. The sensing layer integrates the flexible thin-film pressure sensor and the electrically connected signal conditioning circuit. The waterproof sealing layer seals the sensing layer, the wireless communication unit, and the micro power supply as a whole, enabling the pressure acquisition terminal to be waterproof in childbirth environments.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each pressure acquisition terminal is encapsulated entirely by medical-grade waterproof material. The encapsulation structure is composed of a flexible base layer, a sensing layer, and a waterproof sealing layer, which are sequentially composited. The three layers have clearly defined functions and work together synergistically. The flexible base layer, located on the outermost surface in contact with the perineal tissue, is made of a medical-grade flexible material that conforms well to the perineal tissue. It can naturally bend and conform to the tissue deformation during fetal head pressure application, avoiding additional damage to the perineal tissue caused by localized stress concentration from the rigid sensor. At the same time, it ensures full contact between the sensor's pressure-sensing surface and the perineal tissue, improving the accuracy of pressure acquisition. The sensing layer, located in the middle layer, integrates the flexible thin-film pressure sensor and the signal conditioning circuit electrically connected to it. The signal conditioning circuit is responsible for amplifying, filtering, and performing analog-to-digital conversion on the raw analog signal output by the sensor to improve signal quality. The waterproof sealing layer, located on the innermost surface, seals the sensing layer, wireless communication unit, and miniature power supply as a whole. This gives the pressure acquisition terminal reliable waterproof capabilities against the intrusion of blood, amniotic fluid, and disinfectants in the delivery environment, ensuring stable operation of the device for extended periods in complex delivery environments and guaranteeing the continuity and reliability of the acquired data.

[0027] The pressure acquisition terminal is a disposable structure.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure acquisition terminal is designed for single use, meaning it is discarded after each delivery and not recycled. During delivery, the pressure acquisition terminal is placed directly between the fetal head and perineal tissue, exposed to blood, amniotic fluid, and other bodily fluids for an extended period. Reuse not only makes it difficult to ensure thorough sterilization but also risks problems such as aging of the flexible base material, decreased sensor sensitivity, and failure of the waterproof sealing layer due to repeated disinfection processes, posing a risk of cross-infection. The single-use design fundamentally eliminates these risks, ensuring that the sensor performs optimally for each use and guaranteeing the accuracy and consistency of pressure data acquisition. Simultaneously, the single-use design simplifies clinical procedures, eliminating the need for midwives to disinfect the device before use, reducing operational complexity and facilitating rapid adoption in medical institutions at all levels. Furthermore, the single-use design also provides significant safety for mothers, effectively reducing the risk of hospital-acquired infections.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the data processing terminal includes: A data receiving module is connected to the wireless communication unit of the pressure acquisition terminal and is used to receive pressure data collected in real time by the pressure acquisition terminal. The real-time display module is used to display the pressure value and its changing trend in real time on the terminal screen in the form of a combination of numbers and dynamic curves based on the pressure data received by the data receiving module, and to simultaneously display the current duration of the second stage of labor. The risk assessment module is used to dynamically calculate the risk of perineal laceration based on the pressure data received by the data receiving module, and output the risk assessment result. The early warning output module is used to issue risk warnings based on the risk assessment results of the risk assessment module.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data processing terminal includes a data receiving module, a real-time display module, a risk assessment module, and an early warning output module. These four functional modules work in sequence and collaboratively to form a complete processing link from data reception to early warning output. The data receiving module establishes a wireless connection with the wireless communication unit of the pressure acquisition terminal, continuously receives real-time pressure data, performs validity verification and filtering on the received data, and outputs a smooth and reliable clean pressure signal, providing high-quality data input for subsequent modules. Based on the clean pressure signal, the real-time display module presents the current pressure value and its changing trend in real-time on the terminal screen in a combination of numerical and dynamic curve graphs, simultaneously displaying the duration of the current second stage of labor, enabling midwives to intuitively grasp the progress of labor and the dynamics of perineal pressure. The risk assessment module performs dynamic calculations of multi-level risks based on the received pressure data and outputs risk assessment results. The early warning output module triggers corresponding level early warning signals based on the risk assessment results. Through the above modular architecture design, the present invention ensures a clear data flow, guarantees the system's real-time response capability, and provides a good structural foundation for subsequent functional expansion and module upgrades.

[0031] The data receiving module includes: A data verification unit is used to verify the validity of the received pressure data and output a valid pressure signal. The filtering processing unit is used to perform interference spike filtering processing on the effective pressure signal and output a smooth and continuous clean pressure signal.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data receiving module includes a data verification unit and a filtering unit, which together ensure the validity and smoothness of the pressure data entering the subsequent processing flow. The data verification unit verifies the validity of the raw pressure data received through the wireless communication unit, specifically including data frame integrity verification, data range reasonableness judgment, and transmission error detection. Abnormal data frames that fail verification are discarded or marked, and only valid pressure signals that pass verification are transmitted to the filtering unit. This avoids erroneous data caused by wireless transmission interference or data packet loss from entering the risk assessment stage, preventing false alarms caused by abnormal data. The filtering unit performs interference spike filtering on the valid pressure signal, eliminating instantaneous pressure spikes caused by sensor jitter, electromagnetic interference, or changes in the mother's position through a filtering algorithm, outputting a smooth and continuous clean pressure signal. The clean pressure signal after the above two-stage processing can accurately reflect the actual pressure state of the perineal tissue, effectively improving the accuracy and stability of subsequent risk assessment results, significantly reducing the probability of false alarms caused by signal noise, and ensuring the reliability of clinical early warning information.

[0033] like Figure 2As shown, the plurality of independent risk calculation units include: The threshold comparison unit continuously compares the real-time pressure data with a preset first pressure threshold. When the real-time pressure data is greater than the preset first pressure threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a first-level early warning signal.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the risk assessment module includes a threshold comparison unit connected to the output of the filtering processing unit of the data receiving module. This threshold comparison unit continuously receives the filtered clean pressure signal and continuously compares the real-time pressure data with a preset first pressure threshold. Furthermore, the preset first pressure threshold, determined through retrospective analysis of large-sample delivery cases using the ROC curve method, is 13.37 kg as the pressure cutoff point for the risk of severe perineal lacerations, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.826 and a specificity of 0.784, demonstrating peer-reviewed clinical predictive efficacy. When the threshold comparison unit detects that the real-time pressure data exceeds the preset first pressure threshold, it immediately outputs a first-level warning trigger signal to the risk assessment module. Based on this, the risk assessment module controls the warning output module to trigger a first-level warning, indicating to the midwife that the current perineal pressure has exceeded the clinically safe range, requiring attention to the perineal tissue compression status and consideration of adjusting the delivery technique. The threshold comparison unit of this invention has a simple and direct judgment logic and extremely low response delay. It can provide a prompt at the first moment when the pressure exceeds the limit. As the first line of defense of the entire multi-level early warning system, it provides a time window for handling more complex composite index calculations and effectively avoids the missed intervention opportunity due to the lag in risk identification.

[0035] The probability calculation unit, with a built-in timer in the data processing terminal, is used to automatically record the start time of the second stage of labor and output the current duration of labor in real time. The probability calculation unit substitutes the current duration of labor, real-time pressure data, and pre-entered years of work experience of the midwife into the laceration risk probability prediction model to calculate the probability of severe perineal laceration in real time. When the probability of severe perineal laceration is greater than the preset probability threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a secondary early warning signal and display the specific probability value on the interface.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the risk assessment module further includes a probability calculation unit, which incorporates a clinically validated laceration risk probability prediction model. The expression of the prediction model is:

[0037] in, For the number of years of service of midwives, This refers to the second stage of labor. This provides real-time pressure data for the perineum.

[0038] The model was established through multivariate logistic regression analysis, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.906, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.809 and a specificity of 0.845, demonstrating excellent comprehensive predictive performance. The predictive model uses three input parameters from different sources: real-time pressure data is continuously provided by the data receiving module; the duration of the second stage of labor is automatically recorded by the data processing terminal's built-in timer and output in real time; and the midwife's years of experience are pre-entered into the terminal by the operator before use. The probability calculation unit of this invention inputs these three parameters into the predictive model in real time, continuously outputting the probability value of severe perineal laceration at the current moment. When the probability value exceeds a preset probability threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a secondary early warning signal, and simultaneously displays the specific probability value in real time on the terminal interface, allowing the midwife to intuitively grasp the quantitative level of her individualized laceration risk.

[0039] Unlike the single-dimensional judgment of the threshold comparison unit, the probability calculation unit integrates three independent risk factors—pressure, duration of labor, and midwife experience—into a comprehensive probability output. This elevates risk assessment from a simple matter of whether the risk exceeds the standard to a personalized and accurate judgment that takes into account multiple clinical parameters. This significantly improves the specificity of risk warnings and effectively reduces the problem of over-warning caused by a single excessive pressure level.

[0040] The trend analysis unit calculates the pressure rise rate from real-time pressure data within a continuous time window. When the pressure rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a level-three early warning signal.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the risk assessment module further includes a trend analysis unit connected to the output of the data receiving module. This trend analysis unit continuously calculates the pressure rise rate of the real-time received pressure data sequence within a continuous time window. Specifically, the trend analysis unit performs linear fitting or difference calculation on the pressure data within a few seconds prior to the current moment using a sliding time window, extracting the change in pressure per unit time to characterize the rate of pressure rise. When the pressure rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a level-three early warning signal, indicating to the midwife that perineal pressure is rapidly increasing and that delivery techniques must be adjusted promptly to slow the pressure rise. The core value of the trend analysis unit lies in its forward-looking early warning capability: compared to the threshold comparison unit which only issues a warning after the pressure has exceeded the limit, the trend analysis unit can provide early warning when the pressure has not yet reached the danger threshold but is already showing a rapid upward trend, thus giving the midwife a more ample time window for intervention.

[0042] The trend analysis unit of this invention takes into account the dynamic evolution of perineal tissue damage. That is, severe lacerations often do not occur instantaneously, but gradually accumulate to the tissue tolerance limit during continuous and rapid pressure increase. The introduction of trend warning enables this invention to actively identify and intervene in this dynamic process in advance, further improving the clinical safety assurance level of the system.

[0043] The continuous duration calculation unit accumulates and calculates the duration for which the implemented pressure data is continuously greater than a preset second pressure threshold in real time. When the continuous duration exceeds the preset time threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a level four early warning signal.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the risk assessment module further includes a duration calculation unit, which is connected to the output of the data receiving module and calculates in real time the duration during which the current pressure data is continuously greater than a preset second pressure threshold. Specifically, the duration calculation unit determines whether the current real-time pressure data is greater than the preset second pressure threshold in each data acquisition cycle. If it is greater, the duration of the current acquisition cycle is added to the duration timer. If the current pressure is lower than the preset second pressure threshold, the duration timer is reset to zero. When the accumulated duration of the duration timer exceeds a preset time threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a level four early warning signal, prompting the midwife to be alert to the risk of local edema and ischemic damage to the perineal tissue caused by prolonged continuous pressure. The preset second pressure threshold is set to 11.98 kg by default, and the preset time threshold is set to 60 seconds by default.

[0045] The duration calculation unit of this invention targets a clinical risk scenario where the pressure value itself may not reach the extremely high level of the first-level warning threshold, but prolonged moderate pressure can still obstruct local blood circulation in the perineal tissue, causing tissue edema and decreased elasticity, thereby increasing the risk of subsequent lacerations. The duration calculation unit, together with the threshold comparison unit, probability calculation unit, and trend analysis unit, constitutes a complete multi-level warning system covering four dimensions: pressure amplitude, comprehensive probability, rate of change, and duration. This comprehensively improves the invention's ability to identify different types of perineal laceration risks and the completeness of its clinical warning coverage.

[0046] During the second stage of natural childbirth, the fetal head descends continuously, gradually dilating the vaginal opening and perineal tissues. The pressure on the perineal tissues changes rapidly with uterine contractions, the position of the fetal head during descent, and the delivery technique. Especially as the fetal head is about to emerge and during delivery, perineal pressure can rise rapidly within a short period. Clinically, the window for adjusting delivery techniques, implementing perineal protection, or requesting intervention from higher-level medical staff is very short. Therefore, a perineal laceration risk warning system not only needs to identify risk conditions but also needs to make a judgment and issue a warning as quickly as possible after the risk condition occurs.

[0047] If a serial risk assessment method is adopted, such as sequentially performing pressure threshold comparison, laceration risk probability calculation, pressure rise trend analysis, and continuous pressure duration calculation within the same monitoring cycle, the subsequent risk calculation process must wait for the previous one to complete before proceeding. When the real-time pressure data sampling frequency is high, there are many pressure data channels, or the laceration risk probability prediction model has a large computational load, the serial processing method may cause queuing and waiting between multiple risk calculation processes, resulting in a delay in warning triggering. Especially in clinical scenarios where pressure rises rapidly before and after fetal head delivery, the above delay may cause the system to miss the optimal intervention prompt, reducing the guidance value of the warning for clinical operations.

[0048] To address the aforementioned issues, the risk assessment module of this invention is generally configured with multiple independent risk calculation units. Specifically, the risk calculation unit includes a threshold comparison unit, a probability calculation unit, a trend analysis unit, and a duration calculation unit. The threshold comparison unit is used to determine whether the pressure amplitude exceeds a preset first pressure threshold based on real-time pressure data or pressure characteristic values; the probability calculation unit is used to calculate the probability of severe perineal laceration based on the current second stage of labor duration, real-time pressure data or pressure characteristic values, and pre-entered midwife's years of experience; the trend analysis unit is used to calculate the rate of pressure increase within a continuous time window; and the duration calculation unit is used to cumulatively calculate the continuous duration for which real-time pressure data or pressure characteristic values ​​are consistently greater than a preset second pressure threshold.

[0049] The multiple risk calculation units perform judgments on different risk dimensions in parallel within the same monitoring period, based on the same real-time pressure data or pressure feature values ​​extracted from multiple pressure data sources, rather than performing judgments sequentially in a fixed order. After being output by the data receiving and processing module, the real-time pressure data or pressure feature values ​​are simultaneously distributed to the threshold comparison unit, probability calculation unit, trend analysis unit, and duration calculation unit. Each risk calculation unit independently completes the calculation and judgment of its corresponding risk dimension, and when its respective warning triggering conditions are met, it directly outputs the corresponding level of warning triggering result to the warning output module.

[0050] By employing the parallel execution structure of multiple risk calculation units, this invention enables the simultaneous identification of various risk states, such as exceeding pressure thresholds, increased probability of overall laceration, rapid pressure rise, and prolonged pressure exposure, within the same monitoring cycle. When any risk calculation unit first meets the warning trigger condition, the warning output module can promptly trigger the warning information corresponding to that risk calculation unit's level, without waiting for other risk calculation units to complete their judgments. Therefore, this invention shortens the response time from pressure data acquisition and risk calculation to warning output, improving the real-time performance of perineal laceration risk warnings during the second stage of labor.

[0051] By employing the aforementioned structure that allows multiple risk calculation units to execute in parallel, the present invention achieves at least the following technical effects: First, the present invention can reduce the queuing time between multiple risk calculation processes. Since the threshold comparison unit, probability calculation unit, trend analysis unit, and duration calculation unit are each an independent risk calculation unit, performing judgments on different risk dimensions in parallel within the same monitoring period, the subsequent risk calculation process does not need to wait for the previous risk calculation process to complete, thereby reducing processing delays caused by sequential execution.

[0052] Secondly, this invention can improve the early warning response speed in scenarios with rapid pressure changes before and after fetal head delivery. Considering the characteristic that perineal pressure may rise rapidly in a short period during the second stage of labor and the short clinical intervention window, this invention can immediately output the corresponding level of early warning trigger result when any risk calculation unit meets the triggering conditions, enabling midwives to receive risk alerts earlier and adjust delivery techniques in a timely manner.

[0053] Third, this invention can shorten the overall response chain from pressure data acquisition to early warning information output. Real-time pressure data or pressure characteristic values ​​are processed by the data receiving and processing module and then synchronously enter multiple risk calculation units. Each risk calculation unit independently generates an early warning trigger result. The early warning output module outputs the corresponding level of early warning information in a timely manner based on the risk calculation unit that first meets the trigger condition, thereby improving the system's end-to-end real-time early warning capability.

[0054] Fourth, this invention can reduce the risk of delayed reporting caused by serial judgment delays. In serial judgment, if steps such as probability calculation, trend analysis, or duration accumulation are in subsequent processes, they may be delayed due to the processing time occupied by preceding judgments. This invention executes multiple risk calculation units in parallel, enabling different risk dimensions to participate in the judgment in a timely manner within the current monitoring period, avoiding the passive waiting of subsequent risk dimensions.

[0055] Fifth, this invention enhances the synergistic effect between real-time pressure acquisition hardware and risk assessment algorithms. The pressure acquisition terminal continuously outputs real-time pressure data, and the data processing terminal synchronously distributes the processed real-time pressure data or pressure feature values ​​to multiple risk calculation units, and immediately drives the early warning output module to output graded early warning information. This effectively transforms the real-time nature of hardware acquisition into the real-time nature of clinical early warning, thereby improving the system's dynamic intervention value for the risk of perineal lacerations in the second stage of labor.

[0056] The risk assessment module further includes: The threshold management unit allows users to customize the preset first pressure threshold, preset probability threshold, preset rate threshold, and preset second pressure threshold, and supports storing multiple threshold schemes.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the risk assessment module further includes a threshold management unit. This threshold management unit allows users to customize preset first pressure thresholds, preset probability thresholds, preset rate thresholds, and preset second pressure thresholds. It also supports storing multiple threshold schemes in the data processing terminal, allowing users to retrieve and switch between any stored scheme based on the actual clinical scenario before use. The default thresholds built into this invention are derived from peer-reviewed clinical research data and have a certain degree of universality. However, different medical institutions exhibit objective differences in maternal body type distribution, midwife experience composition, and clinical operation standards. A uniform, fixed threshold may not optimally suit all clinical scenarios. Therefore, the threshold management unit provided by this invention enables the system to continuously learn and adapt locally. Each medical institution can optimize and adjust the thresholds based on its accumulated historical delivery data, ensuring that the warning judgment criteria are deeply aligned with local clinical practice. This maintains the system's universality while also addressing individualized and institutional differences, continuously improving warning accuracy and expanding the scope of application of this invention in different levels of medical institutions.

[0058] The early warning output module includes: The local output unit synchronously outputs a warning signal locally through the speaker, vibration motor, and display screen of the data processing terminal.

[0059] The remote push unit transmits early warning information in real time to the central monitoring system and the mobile terminal of the designated doctor through the hospital's wireless network, realizing multi-node synchronous early warning linkage.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the early warning output module includes a local output unit and a remote push unit. These two units work together to construct a multi-node early warning linkage network covering both the delivery room and remote areas within the hospital. The local output unit synchronously outputs early warning signals locally via the speaker, vibration motor, and display screen of the data processing terminal. The speaker outputs a continuous buzzing sound to attract the midwife's auditory attention, the vibration motor provides tactile cues to address situations where auditory signals are masked in noisy delivery environments, and the display screen presents the early warning level and risk warning information through prominent pop-ups and color-coded levels. These three local output methods complement each other, ensuring that the midwife can promptly perceive the early warning signal under any operational condition. The remote push unit transmits the early warning information in real time to the central monitoring system at the nurse station and the mobile terminal of designated doctors via the hospital's wireless network. This allows relevant medical personnel to simultaneously obtain information on the perineal pressure risk status of the mother without entering the delivery room, achieving multi-node synchronous early warning linkage. This provides important safety redundancy when the midwife is focused on the delivery procedure and fails to pay attention to the terminal display in time. It also provides information support for remote consultations and timely intervention by senior doctors, effectively improving the overall medical safety level during the delivery process.

[0061] Furthermore, the early warning output module is connected to the output end of the risk assessment module. Based on the risk assessment results output by the risk assessment module, different levels of early warning signals are triggered to achieve multi-channel linkage early warning output between local and remote systems. The specific linkage logic is as follows: When the threshold comparison unit in the risk assessment module detects that the real-time pressure data is greater than the preset first pressure threshold, the risk assessment module sends a first-level warning command to the warning output module. The local output unit controls the display screen of the data processing terminal to pop up a yellow prompt box, displaying "Current perineal pressure exceeds the clinical safety threshold, please pay attention to the perineal status." At the same time, the speaker emits an intermittent prompt tone to remind the midwife to pay attention to the current pressure level. When the probability calculation unit in the risk assessment module calculates that the probability of severe perineal laceration exceeds the preset probability threshold, the risk assessment module sends a second-level warning command to the warning output module. The local output unit controls the display screen to pop up an orange warning box, displaying the current laceration risk probability value and the prompt message "Comprehensive risk assessment shows an increased risk of severe laceration, it is recommended to strengthen perineal protection" in a conspicuous font. The speaker outputs a continuous prompt tone with an increased frequency, the vibration motor starts synchronously, and the remote push unit simultaneously pushes the second-level warning information to the central monitoring system at the nurse station and the designated doctor's mobile terminal through the hospital's wireless network. The system enables simultaneous awareness across multiple nodes within the hospital. When the trend analysis unit in the risk assessment module detects that the rate of pressure increase exceeds a preset threshold, the risk assessment module sends a level 3 warning command to the warning output module. The local output unit controls the display screen to pop up a red warning box, displaying "Perineal pressure is rising rapidly; please adjust delivery techniques immediately." The speaker outputs a continuous, rapid beeping sound, and the vibration motor vibrates continuously. The remote push unit simultaneously pushes the level 3 warning information to the nurse station and designated doctors, prompting relevant personnel to prepare for emergency intervention. When the duration calculation unit in the risk assessment module detects that the continuous duration of pressure exceeding a preset second pressure threshold exceeds a preset time threshold, the risk assessment module sends a level 4 warning command to the warning output module. The local output unit controls the display screen to pop up a red warning box, displaying "Perineal tissue is under continuous pressure for too long; be alert for the risk of local edema and ischemia." The speaker and vibration motor simultaneously output warning signals continuously. The remote push unit simultaneously pushes the level 4 warning information to the nurse station's central monitoring system and the designated doctor's mobile terminal.

[0062] The output of the above-mentioned four-level early warning signals gradually increases in the visual, auditory, and tactile sensory channels as the warning level increases, ensuring that midwives can perceive the warning information in a timely manner under different operating conditions. At the same time, the remote push unit is activated when the second-level or higher warning is triggered, ensuring that senior medical staff can be informed of the high-risk status simultaneously, forming a complete early warning linkage mechanism for local and remote collaborative response in the delivery room, and comprehensively improving the level of medical safety protection during childbirth.

[0063] The data processing terminal further includes: The data storage and reporting module automatically saves the original pressure curve data of each delivery, records the trigger time, trigger type and corresponding treatment measures of each level of warning, and generates a delivery data report containing the above complete information.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data processing terminal further includes a data storage and reporting module. This module automatically saves the original pressure curve data throughout the entire labor process, fully records the trigger time, trigger type, and corresponding treatment measures for each level of warning, and automatically generates a labor data report containing all the above information after delivery. The labor data report presents the complete trajectory of perineal pressure changes and warning response during labor in a structured format, allowing medical staff to conduct retrospective analysis postpartum to evaluate the effectiveness of delivery techniques and the accuracy of the warning system's response. The report supports exporting to PDF format, facilitating inclusion in maternal medical records and meeting the compliance requirements of medical institution medical record management. Furthermore, the multiple labor pressure data accumulated by the data storage and reporting module constitute a valuable clinical database, which can be used for threshold optimization, prediction model parameter correction, and clinical research analysis within the institution, forming a virtuous cycle of data collection—clinical application—data accumulation—model optimization. This continuously improves the localization accuracy and clinical applicability of the risk warning algorithm of the present invention, providing high-quality real-world data support for evidence-based medicine research in the field of perineal laceration prevention and treatment.

[0065] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0066] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0067] The perineal pressure real-time risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth provided by this invention, when implemented, involves the midwife first turning on the data processing terminal and entering the system's main interface. Based on the midwife's actual years of service for this delivery, the midwife pre-enters a value in the terminal's parameter input interface. This value will be stored in the terminal as a fixed input parameter for the subsequent probability calculation unit. Simultaneously, the midwife selects an applicable threshold scheme in the threshold management unit according to the clinical practice standards of their medical institution, or customizes the early warning thresholds for each level, thus completing the system parameter configuration.

[0068] During the equipment setup phase, when the mother enters the second stage of labor and the fetal head descends to 2 cm below the ischial spines, the midwife wipes away vaginal secretions during the intervals between contractions. The flexible film pressure sensors of the pressure acquisition module are then placed at corresponding positions on the vaginal wall and in the middle of the perineum, ensuring full contact between the sensor's pressure-sensing surface and the perineal tissue. After sensor placement, the wireless communication unit built into the pressure acquisition module automatically sends a connection request to the data processing terminal. Upon detecting the connection request, the data receiving module of the data processing terminal automatically pairs and establishes a stable wireless communication link. The system then enters real-time monitoring mode, and the built-in timer of the data processing terminal starts synchronously to begin recording the duration of the second stage of labor.

[0069] During the data acquisition phase, each flexible thin-film pressure sensor in the pressure acquisition module continuously senses the real-time pressure on the perineal tissue at its respective location. After the pressure signal is initially amplified, filtered, and converted from analog to digital by the signal conditioning circuit integrated in the sensing layer, it is transmitted concurrently to the data processing terminal through the built-in wireless communication unit at an adjustable transmission frequency, ensuring the synchronous acquisition and real-time uploading of multiple pressure data.

[0070] During the data processing phase, after receiving multiple streams of raw pressure data, the data receiving module first performs integrity verification and data range rationality judgment on each frame of data by the data verification unit, eliminating invalid data frames caused by wireless transmission interference or data packet loss, and outputting a valid pressure signal. The valid pressure signal then enters the filtering processing unit, and after interference spike filtering, outputs a smooth and continuous clean pressure signal. The data processing terminal then takes the maximum or average value of the multiple clean pressure signals as a feature value, and simultaneously transmits this feature value to the real-time display module and the risk assessment module. The real-time display module presents the current pressure feature value in real time on the terminal screen in a combination of numerical and dynamic curve graphs, and simultaneously displays the current duration of the second stage of labor, allowing midwives to intuitively grasp the dynamics of labor.

[0071] During the risk assessment and early warning output phase, the four calculation units in the risk assessment module perform risk assessment calculations in parallel on the input clean pressure characteristic values. The threshold comparison unit continuously compares the real-time pressure characteristic value with a preset first pressure threshold, and immediately issues a first-level early warning command to the early warning output module once the limit is exceeded. The probability calculation unit substitutes the real-time pressure characteristic value, the current duration of the second stage of labor, and the pre-entered years of experience of the midwife into the laceration risk probability prediction model, and outputs the probability of severe laceration in real time. When the probability exceeds a preset probability threshold, a second-level early warning command is issued. The trend analysis unit calculates the pressure rise rate in real time within a sliding time window, and issues a third-level early warning command when the rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold. The duration calculation unit accumulates and calculates the continuous duration for which the pressure is continuously greater than a preset second pressure threshold in real time, and issues a fourth-level early warning command when the continuous duration exceeds a preset time threshold. The early warning output module, based on the received early warning command level, controls the local output unit to synchronously output the corresponding level of early warning signal locally through a pop-up display, speaker beeping, and vibration motor vibration. When a level two or higher early warning is triggered, it simultaneously controls the remote push unit to push the early warning information to the central monitoring system at the nurse station and the designated doctor's mobile terminal via the hospital's wireless network. The midwife can then adjust the delivery technique promptly based on the early warning information, or request intervention from a senior physician, achieving dynamic intervention in the risk of perineal lacerations.

[0072] During the data archiving phase after delivery, the pressure acquisition module naturally moves out of the body along with the fetal head after the baby is delivered, completing its single-use phase. The data storage and reporting module automatically integrates the raw pressure curve data saved throughout the delivery process, the trigger time and trigger type records of various warnings, and the corresponding treatment measures taken by the midwife, automatically generating a complete delivery data report. This report can be exported as a PDF file, included in the maternal medical record archive, and provides data support for subsequent clinical research and threshold optimization, forming a continuous improvement loop.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time perineal pressure risk warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth, characterized in that, include: A pressure acquisition terminal is placed between the fetal head and the perineal tissue of the mother to collect real-time pressure data on the perineal tissue of the mother during childbirth. The pressure acquisition terminal has a built-in wireless communication unit and a miniature power supply. The data processing terminal is an intelligent device independent of the pressure acquisition terminal. The data processing terminal is used to dynamically calculate the perineal laceration risk level based on the real-time pressure data output by the pressure acquisition terminal, and control the triggering of the corresponding level of early warning signal. The data processing terminal includes: A data receiving module is connected to the wireless communication unit of the pressure acquisition terminal and is used to receive pressure data collected in real time by the pressure acquisition terminal. The real-time display module is used to display the pressure value and its changing trend in real time on the terminal screen in the form of a combination of numbers and dynamic curves based on the pressure data received by the data receiving module, and to simultaneously display the current duration of the second stage of labor. The risk assessment module is used to dynamically calculate the risk of perineal laceration based on the pressure data received by the data receiving module, and output the risk assessment result. An early warning output module is used to issue a risk warning based on the risk assessment results of the risk assessment module. The risk assessment module includes multiple independent risk calculation units. These units extract pressure feature values ​​from the same real-time pressure data, perform judgments on different risk dimensions in parallel within the same monitoring period, and output corresponding level warning trigger results to the warning output module according to preset grading rules.

2. The real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each pressure acquisition terminal includes at least two flexible thin-film pressure sensors, respectively arranged at the corresponding position on the vaginal wall and in the middle of the perineum. Multiple flexible thin-film pressure sensors independently acquire pressure data and transmit it concurrently to the data processing terminal through the same wireless communication unit. The data processing terminal takes the feature value of the multiple pressure data as the input parameter for risk calculation, wherein the feature value is the maximum value or the average value.

3. A real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each pressure acquisition terminal is encapsulated in medical-grade waterproof material. The encapsulation structure is composed of a flexible base layer, a sensing layer, and a waterproof sealing layer in sequence. The flexible base layer is made of a medical-grade flexible material that adheres well to perineal tissue. The sensing layer integrates the flexible thin-film pressure sensor and the electrically connected signal conditioning circuit. The waterproof sealing layer seals the sensing layer, the wireless communication unit, and the miniature power supply as a whole, enabling the pressure acquisition terminal to be waterproof in childbirth environments.

4. A real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure acquisition terminal is a single-use structure.

5. A real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data receiving module includes: A data verification unit is used to verify the validity of the received pressure data and output a valid pressure signal. The filtering processing unit is used to perform interference spike filtering processing on the effective pressure signal and output a smooth and continuous clean pressure signal.

6. A real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of independent risk calculation units include: A threshold comparison unit continuously compares real-time pressure data with a preset first pressure threshold. When the real-time pressure data exceeds the preset first pressure threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a first-level early warning signal. The probability calculation unit, with a built-in timer in the data processing terminal, is used to automatically record the start time of the second stage of labor and output the current duration of labor in real time. The probability calculation unit substitutes the current duration of labor, real-time pressure data, and pre-entered years of work experience of the midwife into the laceration risk probability prediction model to calculate the probability of severe perineal laceration in real time. When the probability of severe perineal laceration is greater than the preset probability threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a secondary early warning signal and display the specific probability value on the interface. The trend analysis unit calculates the pressure rise rate from real-time pressure data within a continuous time window. When the pressure rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a level three early warning signal. The continuous duration calculation unit accumulates and calculates the duration for which the implemented pressure data is continuously greater than a preset second pressure threshold in real time. When the continuous duration exceeds the preset time threshold, the risk assessment module controls the early warning output module to trigger a level four early warning signal.

7. A real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth according to claim 6, characterized in that, The risk assessment module also includes: The threshold management unit allows users to customize the preset first pressure threshold, preset probability threshold, preset rate threshold, and preset second pressure threshold, and supports storing multiple threshold schemes.

8. A real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The early warning output module includes: A local output unit, wherein the local output unit synchronously outputs a warning signal locally through the speaker, vibration motor and display screen of the data processing terminal; The remote push unit transmits early warning information in real time to the central monitoring system and the mobile terminal of the designated doctor through the hospital's wireless network, realizing multi-node synchronous early warning linkage.

9. A real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth according to claim 8, characterized in that, The early warning information includes at least one of the following: early warning level, early warning trigger type, early warning trigger time, real-time pressure data, or pressure characteristic value.

10. A real-time perineal pressure risk early warning system for the second stage of natural childbirth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing terminal also includes: The data storage and reporting module is used to automatically save the original pressure curve data, trigger time, trigger type, warning level and corresponding treatment measures of each level of early warning information throughout the entire process of each delivery, and generate a delivery data report containing the original pressure curve data, trigger time, trigger type, warning level and corresponding treatment measures. The data storage and reporting module is also used to store the original pressure curve data, early warning information at all levels and corresponding treatment measures as historical delivery data, and to feed the historical delivery data back to the risk assessment module for updating and optimizing at least one of the model parameters of the laceration risk probability prediction model, the threshold parameters in the threshold management unit or the early warning classification rules.

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