An orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgery drill

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of medical device technology, specifically a minimally invasive spinal surgery drill. Addressing the problems of cumbersome drill bit positioning and inaccurate drilling depth control in existing methods, the following solution is proposed: It includes a support arm, with a horizontal arm and a U-shaped clamping seat welded to its top and bottom ends respectively. A drill box is located below the horizontal arm, and a drill bit is located below the drill box for drilling holes in minimally invasive spinal surgery. A clamping structure is set within the U-shaped clamping seat to fix the support arm to the hospital bed. In this invention, by unfolding two support plates, the intersection point of the red lasers emitted by two red laser emitters coincides with the center line of the drill bit, thus easily achieving drill bit positioning. Furthermore, when the drill bit compresses the pressure sensor, it can be used to determine the initial drilling point. Therefore, the cooperation between the pressure sensor and the position sensor can accurately control the drilling depth, lowering the requirements for surgical procedures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a minimally invasive surgical drill for orthopedic spine surgery. Background Technology

[0002] Medical devices refer to instruments, equipment, appliances, in vitro diagnostic reagents and calibrators, materials and other similar or related items that are used directly or indirectly on the human body, including the necessary computer software. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill is a part of the instruments used in orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgery and is a type of medical device. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill is part of a set of instruments used in orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgery. When using the surgical drill, the drill grinds away bone at a certain angle to enter the spinal canal.

[0003] For example, the invention disclosed in CN112754593B is a minimally invasive surgical drill for orthopedic spine surgery, which includes an angle adjustment mechanism, a drilling mechanism, a drill bit positioning mechanism, and a lifting mechanism. The angle adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the drilling angle of the drill bit. The drilling mechanism is used to control the rotation and feed of the drill bit. The drill bit positioning mechanism is used to accurately position the drill bit to the required position. The lifting device is used to place the drill bit positioning mechanism at a suitable height to accommodate different patients. This device has the advantages of high automation, precise control, and simple operation.

[0004] The above technical solution still has some shortcomings in its use: In the above technical solution, when performing surgical drilling, it is necessary to position the drill bit. However, the positioning process often relies on the cooperation of multiple scales to facilitate positioning, which results in many steps and cumbersome operation. When performing surgical drilling, there are high requirements for the depth of the hole, which often requires a high level of experience from the surgeon.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a minimally invasive surgical drill for orthopedic spine surgery. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as cumbersome drill bit positioning operations and inability to precisely control drilling depth, by proposing a minimally invasive surgical drill for orthopedic spine surgery.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A minimally invasive spinal surgery drill includes a support arm, with a cross arm and a U-shaped clamping seat welded to the top and bottom of the support arm, respectively. A drill box is provided below the cross arm, and a drill bit is provided below the drill box. The drill bit is used for drilling holes in minimally invasive spinal surgery. The clamping structure, located within the U-shaped clamping seat, is used to fix the support arm to the hospital bed; A positioning structure, located at the bottom of the cross arm, is used to easily position the drill bit, and a clamping structure is used to fix the positioning structure. The replacement structure is located inside the drill box and is used to replace drill bits of the corresponding model and size; The ranging structure, located inside the drill box, is used to precisely control the drilling depth.

[0008] In one possible design, the clamping structure includes a pressing plate slidably connected within a U-shaped clamping seat; a lifting plate slidably connected within a support arm; a screw rotatably connected to the top inner wall of the support arm, with the bottom end of the screw threaded through the lifting plate and rotatably connected to the top of the U-shaped clamping seat; multiple sliding rods welded to the bottom of the lifting plate, with the bottom ends of the sliding rods slidably extending to the U-shaped clamping seat and welded to the top of the pressing plate; a transmission cavity within the support arm; a rotating rod penetrating the transmission cavity within the support arm; a rotating disk welded to one end of the rotating rod; and a second bevel gear and a third bevel gear fixed to the outer wall of the rotating rod; the top of the screw... The end of the rotating rod extends into the transmission cavity and is fixed with a fourth bevel gear, which meshes with a third bevel gear. A rotating shaft is located inside the support arm, with its top end extending above the horizontal arm and its bottom end extending into the transmission cavity and being fixed with a first bevel gear, which meshes with a second bevel gear. Two positioning plates are fixed to the outer wall of the rotating rod, limiting its movement distance and allowing the second and third bevel gears to mesh with the first and fourth bevel gears, respectively. The rotating rod drives a screw to rotate, which in turn moves a sliding rod, a sliding rod, and a pressing plate downwards, clamping the U-shaped clamping seat to the operating table.

[0009] In one possible design, the positioning structure includes a universal sleeve integrally formed at the bottom of the cross arm. Universal balls are rolled within the universal sleeve. An electric push rod is bolted to the bottom of each universal ball, and the output shaft of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the drill box. A positioning pressure sleeve for clamping and rolling the universal balls is slidably connected within the universal sleeve. A lead screw is welded to the top of the positioning pressure sleeve, extending above the cross arm. A nut is threaded onto the outer wall of the lead screw, rotating at the top of the cross arm. The nut is connected to the rotating shaft via a synchronous pulley and synchronous belt. After the drill box and universal balls determine the angle of the rotating hole, the rotating rod is pulled outwards, engaging the second bevel gear with the first bevel gear. Rotating the rotating rod drives the rotating shaft to rotate. The rotating shaft, through the synchronous pulley, drives the lead screw and positioning pressure sleeve downwards. The positioning pressure sleeve clamps the universal balls, completing the positioning of the drill box and drill bit. The clamping structure then fixes the positioning structure.

[0010] In one possible design, the positioning structure further includes two rotating shafts rotatably connected to both sides of the drill box via a base. Each of the two rotating shafts has a bearing plate fixed to its outer wall, and a red laser emitter is bolted to the bottom of each bearing plate. Two torsion springs are sleeved on the outer wall of each rotating shaft. The ends of the two torsion springs, close to each other, are fixedly connected to the sides of the bearing plates, and the other ends are fixedly connected to the base. Next, rotating the rotating ring causes it to move upwards and downwards according to the external thread. This releases the bearing plate from its braking force, allowing it to rotate under the stored force of the torsion springs until the two bearing plates unfold. The intersection of the red lasers emitted by the two red laser emitters coincides with the centerline of the drill bit. An electric push rod controls the entire drill box to move downwards, and the rotating drill box lands in the patient's surgical area via the intersection of the red lasers, quickly and easily completing the drill bit positioning. Positioning is very easy and convenient.

[0011] In one possible design, the replacement structure includes a threaded rod disposed within the drill box, with its bottom end extending below the drill box. The bottom end of the threaded rod has a clamping groove for holding the drill bit tip. The inner walls of the clamping grooves on opposite sides have sliding grooves. Each of the sliding grooves has a key slidably connected to it. Multiple first springs are fixed to the opposite side of each key, with the ends of the first springs away from the drill bit fixedly connected to the inner wall of one side of the sliding groove. A fixing rod is welded to the opposite side of each key, with one end extending to the outside of the threaded rod. The outer wall of the drill bit has two keyways adapted to the key. The fixing rod has a T-shaped hole located on the outside of the threaded rod. Two pull rods slide through the drill box, located on opposite sides of the threaded rod. The two pull rods are mutually connected. T-blocks are bolted to the near ends of the two pull rods, and the T-blocks engage with the T-holes. Two fixing rings are fixed inside the drill box, and the two fixing rings are slidably sleeved on the outer walls of the two pull rods. A third spring is sleeved on the outer wall of each of the two pull rods. The ends of the two third springs that are far apart from each other are fixedly connected to the corresponding fixing rings, and the ends of the two third springs that are close together are fixedly connected to the drill box. Pull ropes are provided at the ends of the two pull rods that are far apart from each other, and the other ends of the pull ropes are wrapped around the outer wall of the second magnetic ring. When the drill bit needs to be replaced, the rotating cylinder rotates in the opposite direction until the T-hole is retracted into the drill box. At this time, the T-block at one end of the pull rod just fits into the T-hole. The two bearing plates are rotated towards the middle, and the rotating shaft pulls the fixing rod outward through the cooperation of the pull rope and the pull rod, releasing the pin from clamping the drill bit. At this time, the drill bit can be easily replaced.

[0012] In one possible design, the ranging structure includes multiple guide rods fixed inside a drill box. A common lifting disc is slidably fitted onto the outer walls of the guide rods. A rotating cylinder is rotatably connected to the bottom inner wall of the drill box, with the top of the rotating cylinder penetrating the lifting disc. A motor is bolted to the top inner wall of the drill box, and the motor's output shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder via a coupling. A sliding disc is slidably connected inside the rotating cylinder via a slider and a groove. The top of a threaded rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding disc. A first magnetic ring is fixedly embedded in the outer wall of the sliding disc, and a second magnetic ring is fixedly embedded in the inner wall of the lifting disc, with magnetic attraction between the first and second magnetic rings. The bottom end of the threaded rod is threaded through the rotating cylinder. A position sensor is bolted to the bottom of the lifting disc. The motor drives the rotating cylinder to rotate, and the rotating cylinder drives the threaded rod to rotate via the sliding disc, controlling the rotation and descent of the threaded rod and drill bit for drilling operations. The sliding disc, through the cooperation of the first and second magnetic rings, drives the lifting disc to move synchronously downwards, thereby enabling the position sensor to detect the drilling depth.

[0013] In one possible design, the ranging structure further includes a fixed plate bolted into the clamping groove. A pressure sensor is bolted to the bottom of the fixed plate, and multiple second springs are fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate. The bottom ends of the multiple second springs are fixed with the same third magnetic ring, which generates a magnetic attraction force on the drill bit. The rotating cylinder drives the drill bit to rotate and move downward slowly. When the drill tip touches the spine, the drill bit moves up a certain distance and squeezes the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor detects the pressure signal, which is marked as the quasi-empty origin. Then the drill bit performs drilling operations. Due to the magnetic cooperation between the first and second magnetic rings, the sliding plate can drive the lifting plate to move downward synchronously. The drilling depth of the drill bit at this time can be detected by the position sensor, thereby enabling precise control and reducing the requirements for surgical threshold.

[0014] In one possible design, the outer wall of the drill box is provided with external threads, and a rotating ring is connected to the outer wall of the drill box through the external threads. The rotating ring cooperates with the support plate. A retaining ring is welded to the outer wall of the drill box to limit the rotation ring. By rotating the rotating ring, the rotating ring is driven to rise and fall, thereby controlling the unfolding and storage of the support plate. This not only facilitates the positioning of the drill bit later through the support plate, but also allows the support plate to be stored, saving space.

[0015] In one possible design, the bottom ends of the multiple sliding rods are welded with conical platforms, and the multiple conical platforms are welded to the top of the extrusion plate. The multiple sliding rods are arranged at equal intervals. When the sliding rods drive the extrusion plate to move down and clamp the edge of the operating table, the multiple conical platforms can increase the force-bearing area of ​​the sliding rods on the extrusion plate, thereby enabling the bottom of the extrusion plate to clamp the edge of the table evenly.

[0016] In one possible design, two limiting posts are bolted to the two opposite sides of the drill box. Two sliding grooves are provided on the side of the two bearing plates closest to the drill box, and the sliding grooves cooperate with the limiting posts. The bearing plates rotate under the force of the torsion spring until the two bearing plates unfold. At this time, the limiting posts fit against the inner wall of one side of the sliding groove, which just brakes the bearing plates and can determine the intersection point of the two red lasers, making it easy for the operator to quickly position the drill bit.

[0017] In this invention, a pressure sensor is fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate, and the fixed plate and the third magnetic ring are elastically connected by multiple second springs. A position sensor is fixed to the bottom of the lifting plate. The rotating cylinder drives the drill bit to rotate and move downward slowly. When the drill tip touches the spine, the drill bit moves up a certain distance and squeezes the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor detects the pressure signal, which is marked as the quasi-empty origin. Then the drill bit performs drilling operations. Due to the magnetic cooperation between the first magnetic ring and the second magnetic ring, the sliding plate can drive the lifting plate to move downward synchronously. The drilling depth of the drill bit can be detected by the position sensor at this time, thereby enabling precise control and reducing the requirements for surgical threshold. In this invention, a universal ball bearing is rolled inside the universal sleeve. The bottom electric push rod of the universal ball bearing is fixedly connected to the top of the drill box. A positioning sleeve is slidably connected inside the universal sleeve. A lead screw is welded to the top of the positioning sleeve. A nut is threaded on the outer wall of the lead screw. The nut is connected to the rotating shaft via a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt. Pulling the rotating rod outward causes the second bevel gear to mesh with the first bevel gear. Rotating the rotating rod drives the rotating shaft to rotate. The rotating shaft drives the lead screw and positioning sleeve to move downward via the synchronous pulley and synchronous belt. The positioning sleeve clamps the universal ball bearing, completing the positioning of the drill box and drill bit. Then, the positioning structure can be fixed through the clamping structure. In this invention, the outer walls of both rotating shafts are fixed with bearing plates, and the bottoms of both bearing plates are fixed with red laser emitting lamps by bolts. When the rotating ring moves upward, it releases the brake on the bearing plates, the two bearing plates unfold, and the intersection of the red lasers emitted by the two red laser emitting lamps coincides with the center line of the drill bit. The drill box is moved downward as a whole by controlling the electric push rod, and the drill box is rotated to land on the patient's surgical area through the intersection of the red lasers, thus quickly and easily completing the positioning of the drill bit. Positioning is very easy and convenient. In this invention, a fixing rod is welded to each of the two pins on opposite sides. The fixing rod has a T-shaped hole. A T-shaped block is fixed to each of the two pull rods at their closest ends. The opposite ends of the two pull rods are wound around the outer wall of the second magnetic ring via a pull rope. When the drill bit needs to be replaced, the T-shaped hole is retracted into the drill box. At this time, the T-shaped block fits perfectly into the T-shaped hole. The two bearing plates rotate towards the center, and the rotating shaft, through the cooperation of the pull rope and the pull rod, pulls the fixing rod outward, releasing the pins from clamping the drill bit. The drill bit can then be easily replaced.

[0018] In this invention, by unfolding the two support plates, the intersection of the red lasers emitted by the two red laser emitters coincides with the center line of the drill bit, thereby easily positioning the drill bit. Furthermore, when the drill bit squeezes the pressure sensor, it can be used to determine the initial drilling point. Therefore, the combination of the pressure sensor and the position sensor can accurately control the drilling depth of the drill bit, reducing the requirements for surgical procedures. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the support arm and U-shaped clamping seat of an orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional mating structure of the screw, shaft and rotating rod of a minimally invasive spinal surgical drill provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the transverse arm of an orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the drill box, lifting plate, and rotating cylinder of an orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the threaded rod portion of an orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the drill bit, key, and third magnet ring of an orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional exploded cross-sectional view of the support plate and torsion spring of an orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the pull rope and T-hole cooperation of an orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is an exploded structural diagram of the support plate and limiting column of an orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Support arm; 2. Cross arm; 3. U-shaped clamping seat; 4. Screw; 5. Lifting plate; 6. Slide rod; 7. Extrusion plate; 8. Transmission cavity; 9. Rotating rod; 10. Rotating disk; 11. Rotating shaft; 12. First bevel gear; 13. Second bevel gear; 14. Third bevel gear; 15. Fourth bevel gear; 16. Lead screw; 17. Universal sleeve; 18. Universal ball bearing; 19. Positioning pressure sleeve; 20. Drill box; 21. Drill bit; 22. Rotating cylinder; 23. Sliding disk; 24. Threaded rod; 25. Lifting disk; 26. First magnetic ring; 27. 28. Second magnetic ring; 29. ​​Position sensor; 30. Pin key; 31. First spring; 32. Fixing rod; 33. T-hole; 34. Fixing plate; 35. Third magnetic ring; 36. Second spring; 37. Pressure sensor; 38. Rotating shaft; 39. Bearing plate; 40. Red laser emitter; 41. Torsion spring; 42. Pull rod; 43. Pull rope; 44. T-block; 45. Fixing ring; 46. Third spring; 47. External thread; 48. Rotating ring; 49. Retaining ring; 50. Limiting post; 51. Slide groove; 52. Guide rod; 53. Conical platform. Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Example

[0022] Reference Figures 1-10 A minimally invasive spinal surgery drill for orthopedic use, which is used in the field of medical devices, includes a support arm 1, with a cross arm 2 and a U-shaped clamping seat 3 welded to the top and bottom of the support arm 1, respectively. A drill box 20 is provided below the cross arm 2, and a drill bit 21 is provided below the drill box 20. The drill bit 21 is used for drilling holes for minimally invasive spinal surgery.

[0023] Reference Figures 2-4The surgical drill also includes a clamping structure housed within a U-shaped clamping seat 3 for fixing the support arm 1 to the hospital bed. The clamping structure includes a compression plate 7 slidably connected within the U-shaped clamping seat 3. A lifting plate 5 is slidably connected within the support arm 1. A screw 4 is rotatably connected to the top inner wall of the support arm 1, and the bottom end of the screw 4 is threaded through the lifting plate 5 and rotatably connected to the top of the U-shaped clamping seat 3. Multiple sliding rods 6 are welded to the bottom of the lifting plate 5, and the bottom ends of the multiple sliding rods 6 all slidably extend to the U-shaped clamping seat 3 and are welded to the top of the compression plate 7. A transmission cavity 8 is provided within the support arm 1, and a rotating rod 9 penetrates the transmission cavity 8 within the support arm 1. A rotating disk 10 is welded to one end of the rotating rod 9, and a second bevel gear 13 and a third bevel gear 14 are fixed to the outer wall of the rotating rod 9. The top end of rod 4 rotates and extends into the transmission cavity 8 and is fixed with a fourth bevel gear 15, which meshes with a third bevel gear 14. A rotating shaft 11 rotates inside the support arm 1, with the top end of shaft 11 rotating and extending above the cross arm 2. The bottom end of shaft 11 rotates and extends into the transmission cavity 8 and is fixed with a first bevel gear 12, which meshes with a second bevel gear 13. Two positioning plates are fixed to the outer wall of rotating rod 9, which limit the movement distance of rotating rod 9, so that the second bevel gear 13 and the third bevel gear 14 mesh with the first bevel gear 12 and the fourth bevel gear 15, respectively. Rotating rod 9 drives screw 4 to rotate, and screw 4 drives slide rod 6, slide rod 6 and extrusion plate 7 to move down, clamping U-shaped clamping seat 3 with the operating table.

[0024] Reference Figure 3 The bottom ends of multiple sliding rods 6 are all welded with conical platforms 52, and the multiple conical platforms 52 are all welded to the top of the extrusion plate 7. The multiple sliding rods 6 are arranged at equal intervals. When the sliding rods 6 drive the extrusion plate 7 to move down and clamp the edge of the operating table, the multiple conical platforms 52 can increase the force-bearing area of ​​the sliding rods 6 on the extrusion plate 7, thereby enabling the bottom of the extrusion plate 7 to clamp the edge of the table evenly.

[0025] Reference Figures 2-5The surgical drill also includes a positioning structure located at the bottom of the cross arm 2 for easily positioning the drill bit 21, and a clamping structure for fixing the positioning structure. The positioning structure includes a universal sleeve 17 integrally formed at the bottom of the cross arm 2. A universal ball bearing 18 is rolled inside the universal sleeve 17. An electric push rod is bolted to the bottom of the universal ball bearing 18, and the output shaft of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the drill box 20. A positioning pressure sleeve 19 for clamping and rolling the universal ball bearing 18 is slidably connected inside the universal sleeve 17. A lead screw 16 is welded to the top of the positioning pressure sleeve 19, and the top of the lead screw 16 extends to the cross arm 2. Above, a nut is threaded on the outer wall of the lead screw 16, and the nut rotates at the top of the cross arm 2. The nut and the rotating shaft 11 are connected by a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt. After the drill box 20 and the universal ball bearing 18 cooperate to determine the angle of the rotating hole, the rotating rod 9 is pulled outward. The second bevel gear 13 meshes with the first bevel gear 12. Rotating the rotating rod 9 can drive the rotating shaft 11 to rotate. The rotating shaft 11 drives the lead screw 16 and the positioning sleeve 19 to move down through the synchronous pulley. The positioning sleeve 19 clamps the universal ball bearing 18 to complete the positioning of the drill box 20 and the drill bit 21. Then, the positioning structure can be fixed through the clamping structure.

[0026] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 9 The positioning structure also includes two rotating shafts 37 rotatably connected to both sides of the drill box 20 via a base. Each rotating shaft 37 has a bearing plate 38 fixed to its outer wall. A red laser emitter 39 is bolted to the bottom of each bearing plate 38. Two torsion springs 40 are sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shafts 37. The ends of the two torsion springs 40 are fixedly connected to the sides of the bearing plate 38, and the other ends are fixedly connected to the base. Next, rotating the rotating ring 47 causes it to move upwards and downwards according to the external thread 46. The rotating ring 47 releases the brake on the bearing plate 38, and the bearing plate 38 rotates under the force of the torsion springs 40 until the two bearing plates 38 unfold. The intersection of the red lasers emitted by the two red laser emitters 39 coincides with the center line of the drill bit 21. The drill box 20 is then lowered and rotated via an electric push rod, allowing it to land on the patient's surgical area via the intersection of the red lasers, thus quickly and easily positioning the drill bit 21. Positioning is very easy and convenient.

[0027] Reference Figure 5 The outer wall of the drill box 20 is provided with an external thread 46. A rotating ring 47 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the drill box 20 through the external thread 46. The rotating ring 47 cooperates with the support plate 38. A retaining ring 48 is welded to the outer wall of the drill box 20 to limit the rotation ring 47. By rotating the rotating ring 47, the rotating ring 47 is driven to rise and fall, thereby controlling the unfolding and storage of the support plate 38. The support plate 38 not only facilitates the positioning of the drill bit 21 later, but also allows the support plate 38 to be stored, saving space.

[0028] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The surgical drill also includes a replacement structure housed within the drill housing 20 for replacing drill bits 21 of the corresponding model and size. The replacement structure includes a threaded rod 24 housed within the drill housing 20, with its bottom end extending below the drill housing 20. The bottom end of the threaded rod 24 has a clamping groove for holding the tip of the drill bit 21. The inner walls of the two mutually distant sides of the clamping groove are each provided with a sliding groove 50. A key 29 is slidably connected within each of the two sliding grooves 50. Multiple first springs 30 are fixed to the mutually distant sides of each of the two key 29. Furthermore, the end of the first spring 30 furthest from the drill bit 21 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one side of the slide groove 50. Fixing rods 31 are welded to the sides of the two pins 29 furthest from each other, with one end of the fixing rod 31 extending to the outside of the threaded rod 24. The outer wall of the drill bit 21 has two keyways that match the pins 29. A T-shaped hole 32 is provided inside the fixing rod 31, located on the outside of the threaded rod 24. Two pull rods 41 slide through the drill box 20, with the two pull rods 41 located on opposite sides of the threaded rod 24. The ends of the pull rods 41 that are close to each other are each fixed with a T-shaped block 43 by bolts, and the T-shaped block 43 engages with the T-shaped hole 32. Two fixing rings 44 are fixed inside the drill box 20, and the two fixing rings 44 are slidably sleeved on the outer walls of the two pull rods 41. A third spring 45 is sleeved on the outer wall of each of the two pull rods 41. The ends of the two third springs 45 that are far apart from each other are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding fixing rings 44. The ends of the two third springs 45 that are close to each other are respectively fixedly connected to the drill box 20. The two pull rods 41 are mutually... Each end is equipped with a pull rope 42, and the other end of the pull rope 42 is wrapped around the outer wall of the second magnetic ring 27. When the drill bit 21 needs to be replaced, the rotating cylinder 22 rotates in the opposite direction until the T-hole 32 is housed in the drill box 20. At this time, the T-block 43 at one end of the pull rod 41 is just inserted into the T-hole 32, which rotates the two bearing plates 38 toward the middle. The rotating shaft 37 pulls the fixing rod 31 outward through the cooperation of the pull rope 42 and the pull rod 41, releasing the pin 29 from clamping the drill bit 21. At this time, the drill bit 21 can be easily replaced.

[0029] Reference Figures 5-8The surgical drill also includes a ranging structure housed within the drill housing 20 for precise control of drilling depth. The ranging structure comprises multiple guide rods 51 fixed within the drill housing 20. The outer walls of the multiple guide rods 51 are slidably fitted with the same lifting plate 25. A rotating cylinder 22 is rotatably connected to the bottom inner wall of the drill housing 20, and the top of the rotating cylinder 22 passes through the lifting plate 25. A motor is bolted to the top inner wall of the drill housing 20, and the motor's output shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder 22 via a coupling. A sliding plate 23 is slidably connected within the rotating cylinder 22 via a slider and a groove. The top of a threaded rod 24 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plate 23, and the outer wall of the sliding plate 23 is fixedly embedded with… The lifting plate 25 is equipped with a first magnetic ring 26 and a second magnetic ring 27 is fixedly embedded in the inner wall. The first magnetic ring 26 and the second magnetic ring 27 generate magnetic attraction. The bottom end of the threaded rod 24 is threaded through the rotating cylinder 22. The bottom of the lifting plate 25 is fixed with a position sensor 28 by bolts. The rotating cylinder 22 is driven to rotate by a motor. The rotating cylinder 22 drives the threaded rod 24 to rotate through the sliding plate 23. This can control the rotation and descent of the threaded rod 24 and the drill bit 21 for drilling operations. The sliding plate 23 drives the lifting plate 25 to move down synchronously through the cooperation of the first magnetic ring 26 and the second magnetic ring 27. Thus, the drilling depth of the drill bit 21 can be detected by the position sensor 28.

[0030] Reference Figures 5-8 The ranging structure also includes a fixed plate 33 bolted into the clamping groove. A pressure sensor 36 is bolted to the bottom of the fixed plate 33. Multiple second springs 35 are fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate 33. The bottom ends of the multiple second springs 35 are fixed with the same third magnetic ring 34, and the third magnetic ring 34 generates a magnetic attraction force on the drill bit 21. The rotating cylinder 22 drives the drill bit 21 to rotate and move downward slowly. When the tip of the drill bit 21 touches the spine, the drill bit 21 moves upward a certain distance and squeezes the pressure sensor 36. The pressure sensor 36 detects the pressure signal, which is marked as the quasi-empty origin. Then the drill bit 21 performs drilling operations. Due to the magnetic cooperation between the first magnetic ring 26 and the second magnetic ring 27, the sliding plate 23 can drive the lifting plate 25 to move downward synchronously. The drilling depth of the drill bit 21 can be detected by the position sensor 28, thereby enabling precise control and reducing the requirements for surgical threshold. Example

[0031] refer to Figure 11Improvements based on Example 1: Two limiting posts 49 are fixed to the two mutually distant sides of the drill box 20 by bolts. Two sliding grooves 50 are provided on the side of the two bearing plates 38 near the drill box 20, and the sliding grooves 50 cooperate with the limiting posts 49. The bearing plates 38 rotate under the force of the torsion spring 40 until the two bearing plates 38 unfold. At this time, the limiting posts 49 fit against the inner wall of one side of the sliding groove 50, which just brakes the bearing plates 38. This can determine the intersection point of the two red lasers, which makes it easy for the operator to quickly position the drill bit 21.

[0032] A method for using a drill in minimally invasive orthopedic spinal surgery includes the following steps: S1. Secure the U-shaped clamping seat 3 to the edge of the operating table, push the rotating disk 10 and the rotating rod 9 inward, and the third bevel gear 14 and the fourth bevel gear 15 mesh. Drive the screw 4 to rotate through the rotating rod 9. The screw 4 drives the slide rod 6, the slide rod 6 and the compression plate 7 to move down, clamping the U-shaped clamping seat 3 to the operating table. S2. Next, rotate the rotating ring 47. The rotating ring 47 moves up and down as required by the external thread 46. The rotating ring 47 releases the brake on the bearing plate 38. The bearing plate 38 rotates under the stored force of the torsion spring 40 until the two bearing plates 38 unfold. At this time, the limiting post 49 is in contact with the inner wall of one side of the slide groove 50, just enough to brake the bearing plate 38. Then, the red laser emitting lamp 39 is activated. At this time, the intersection point of the red laser emitted by the two red laser emitting lamps 39 coincides with the center line of the drill bit 21. The electric push rod located at the bottom of the universal ball bearing 18 is activated, which drives the drill box 20 to move down as a whole and rotate. The drill box 20 quickly and easily positions the drill bit 21 by landing the intersection of the red laser on the patient's surgical area. Then, the rotating rod 9 is pulled outward, and the second bevel gear 13 meshes with the first bevel gear 12. Rotating the rotating rod 9 can drive the rotating shaft 11 to rotate. The rotating shaft 11 drives the lead screw 16 and the positioning sleeve 19 to move down through the synchronous wheel. The positioning sleeve 19 clamps the universal ball 18, completing the positioning of the drill box 20 and the drill bit 21. The operation is simple. After the drill box 20 is controlled to a certain height by the electric push rod, the drill bit 21 can be easily positioned by rotating the drill box 20. S4. During drilling, the rotating cylinder 22 is driven to rotate by the motor. The rotating cylinder 22 drives the threaded rod 24 to rotate through the sliding disk 23. The threaded rod 24 is threadedly connected to the rotating cylinder 22. The rotating cylinder 22 drives the drill bit 21 to rotate and move downward slowly. When the tip of the drill bit 21 touches the spine, the drill bit 21 moves upward a certain distance and squeezes the pressure sensor 36. The pressure sensor 36 detects the pressure signal, which is marked as the quasi-empty origin. Then the drill bit 21 performs drilling operations. Due to the magnetic cooperation between the first magnetic ring 26 and the second magnetic ring 27, the sliding disk 23 can drive the lifting disk 25 to move downward synchronously. The drilling depth of the drill bit 21 at this time can be detected by the position sensor 28, so as to achieve precise control and reduce the requirements of the surgery threshold. S5. When it is necessary to replace the drill bit 21, the rotating cylinder 22 rotates in the opposite direction until the T-hole 32 is stored in the drill box 20. At this time, the T-block 43 at one end of the pull rod 41 is just inserted into the T-hole 32. The two bearing plates 38 are rotated towards the middle. The rotating shaft 37 pulls the fixing rod 31 outward through the cooperation of the pull rope 42 and the pull rod 41, releasing the pin 29 from clamping the drill bit 21. At this time, the drill bit 21 can be easily replaced.

[0033] However, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the working principles and wiring methods of the pressure sensor 36, position sensor 28 and red laser emitter 39 are commonplace and are all conventional methods or common knowledge. They will not be described in detail here. Those skilled in the art can make any selections according to their needs or convenience.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A minimally invasive spinal surgical drill, comprising a support arm (1), characterized in that, The top and bottom ends of the support arm (1) are respectively welded with a horizontal arm (2) and a U-shaped clamping seat (3). A drill box (20) is provided below the horizontal arm (2), and a drill bit (21) is provided below the drill box (20). The drill bit (21) is used for drilling holes in minimally invasive spinal surgery. The clamping structure is set inside the U-shaped clamping seat (3) to fix the support arm (1) to the hospital bed; A positioning structure is provided at the bottom of the cross arm (2) for easily positioning the drill bit (21), and a clamping structure is provided for fixing the positioning structure. The replacement structure is set inside the drill box (20) for replacing drill bits (21) of the corresponding model and size. The ranging structure is set inside the drill box (20) for precise control of the drilling depth.

2. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping structure includes a pressing plate (7) slidably connected within a U-shaped clamping seat (3), a lifting plate (5) slidably connected within a support arm (1), a screw (4) rotatably connected to the top inner wall of the support arm (1), and the bottom end of the screw (4) threaded through the lifting plate (5) and rotatably connected to the top of the U-shaped clamping seat (3). Multiple sliding rods (6) are welded to the bottom of the lifting plate (5), and the bottom ends of the multiple sliding rods (6) all slide to the U-shaped clamping seat (3) and are welded to the top of the pressing plate (7). A transmission cavity (8) is provided within the support arm (1), and a rotating rod (9) penetrating the transmission cavity (8) is provided within the support arm (1). A rotating disk (10) is welded to one end of the rotating rod (9), and a second bevel gear (13) is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating rod (9). The third bevel gear (14), the top end of the screw (4) rotates and extends into the transmission cavity (8) and is fixed with the fourth bevel gear (15), and the fourth bevel gear (15) meshes with the third bevel gear (14), the rotating shaft (11) inside the support arm (1), the top end of the rotating shaft (11) rotates and extends above the horizontal arm (2), the bottom end of the rotating shaft (11) rotates and extends into the transmission cavity (8) and is fixed with the first bevel gear (12), and the first bevel gear (12) meshes with the second bevel gear (13), the outer wall of the rotating rod (9) is fixed with two positioning plates, the moving distance of the rotating rod (9) can be limited by the two positioning plates, so that the second bevel gear (13) and the third bevel gear (14) mesh with the first bevel gear (12) and the fourth bevel gear (15) respectively.

3. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning structure includes a universal sleeve (17) integrally formed at the bottom of the cross arm (2). A universal ball (18) is rolled inside the universal sleeve (17). An electric push rod is fixed to the bottom of the universal ball (18) by bolts. The output shaft of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the drill box (20). A positioning pressure sleeve (19) for clamping and rolling the universal ball (18) is slidably connected inside the universal sleeve (17). A lead screw (16) is welded to the top of the positioning pressure sleeve (19). The top of the lead screw (16) extends to the top of the cross arm (2). A nut is threaded on the outer wall of the lead screw (16). The nut rotates at the top of the cross arm (2). The nut is connected to the rotating shaft (11) by a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt.

4. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning structure also includes two rotating shafts (37) rotatably connected to both sides of the drill box (20) via a base. The outer walls of the two rotating shafts (37) are fixed with bearing plates (38). The bottom of the two bearing plates (38) is fixed with red laser emitting lamps (39) by bolts. The outer walls of the rotating shafts (37) are fitted with two torsion springs (40). The ends of the two torsion springs (40) that are close to each other are fixedly connected to the two sides of the bearing plates (38), and the other ends of the torsion springs (40) are fixedly connected to the base.

5. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill according to claim 4, characterized in that, The replacement structure includes a threaded rod (24) disposed in the drill box (20), with the bottom end of the threaded rod (24) extending to the bottom of the drill box (20). The bottom end of the threaded rod (24) is provided with a clamping groove for clamping the top of the drill bit (21). The inner walls of the two opposite sides of the clamping groove are provided with sliding grooves (50). A key (29) is slidably connected in each of the two sliding grooves (50). Multiple first springs (30) are fixed on the opposite side of the two key (29), and the end of the first spring (30) away from the drill bit (21) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one side of the sliding groove (50). A fixing rod (31) is welded to the opposite side of the two key (29), and one end of the fixing rod (31) extends to the outside of the threaded rod (24). The outer wall of the drill bit (21) is provided with two keyways that are adapted to the key (29). A T-shaped hole (32) is provided in the fixing rod (31), and the T-shaped hole (32) is positioned... On the outside of the threaded rod (24), two pull rods (41) slide through the drill box (20), and the two pull rods (41) are located on both sides of the threaded rod (24). The ends of the two pull rods (41) that are close to each other are fixed with T-shaped blocks (43) by bolts, and the T-shaped blocks (43) engage with the T-shaped holes (32). The drill box (20) is fixed with two fixing rings (44), and the two fixing rings (44) are slidably sleeved on the outer walls of the two pull rods (41). The outer walls of the two pull rods (41) are each sleeved with a third spring (45). The ends of the two third springs (45) that are far apart from each other are fixedly connected to the corresponding fixing rings (44). The ends of the two third springs (45) that are close to each other are fixedly connected to the drill box (20). The ends of the two pull rods (41) that are far apart from each other are each provided with a pull rope (42), and the other end of the pull rope (42) is wrapped around the outer wall of the second magnetic ring (27).

6. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ranging structure includes multiple guide rods (51) fixed inside the drill box (20). The outer walls of the multiple guide rods (51) are slidably fitted with the same lifting plate (25). A rotating cylinder (22) is rotatably connected to the bottom inner wall of the drill box (20), and the top of the rotating cylinder (22) passes through the lifting plate (25). A motor is fixed to the top inner wall of the drill box (20) by bolts, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder (22) by a coupling. The rotating cylinder (22) is connected by a slider and a groove. A sliding disk (23) is slidably connected. The top end of the threaded rod (24) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding disk (23). A first magnetic ring (26) is fixedly embedded on the outer wall of the sliding disk (23). A second magnetic ring (27) is fixedly embedded on the inner wall of the lifting disk (25). Magnetic attraction is generated between the first magnetic ring (26) and the second magnetic ring (27). The bottom end of the threaded rod (24) is threaded through the rotating cylinder (22). A position sensor (28) is fixed to the bottom of the lifting disk (25) by bolts.

7. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ranging structure also includes a fixed plate (33) fixed in the groove by bolts. A pressure sensor (36) is fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate (33) by bolts. A plurality of second springs (35) are fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate (33). The bottom end of the plurality of second springs (35) is fixed with the same third magnet ring (34), and the third magnet ring (34) generates a magnetic attraction force on the drill bit (21).

8. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer wall of the drill box (20) is provided with an external thread (46). The outer wall of the drill box (20) is threaded with a rotating ring (47) through the external thread (46). The rotating ring (47) cooperates with the bearing plate (38). The outer wall of the drill box (20) is welded with a retaining ring (48) to limit the rotation ring (47).

9. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom ends of the multiple slide rods (6) are all welded with conical platforms (52), and the multiple conical platforms (52) are all welded to the top of the extrusion plate (7). The multiple slide rods (6) are arranged at equal intervals.

10. The orthopedic spinal minimally invasive surgical drill according to claim 9, characterized in that, The drill box (20) has two limiting posts (49) fixed to its two far apart sides by bolts. The two bearing plates (38) are provided with two sliding grooves (50) on the side close to the drill box (20), and the sliding grooves (50) cooperate with the limiting posts (49).

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