Visual adjustable dual mode ventilation device and shift monitoring method

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) equipment, and provides a visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device and displacement monitoring method, including: a LMA assembly with a LMA cannula and a LMA cuff; an inner tube assembly with an inner tube body; a composite connector assembly with a connector tube, an inner tube inlet, and an air inlet tube, wherein the connector tube is sealed to the LMA cannula, and the inner tube inlet allows the inner tube body to be selectively inserted into the LMA airway; a miniature camera located at the upper end of the LMA cannula; a miniature camera adjustment structure for adjusting the acquisition angle of the miniature camera; and a stroke encoder linked to the miniature camera adjustment structure to acquire its displacement data. This application realizes modular dual-mode switching between the LMA and the endotracheal tube, and accurately decouples the active endoscope adjustment action from the device displacement, thereby improving ventilation safety and displacement monitoring accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laryngeal mask ventilation equipment technology, specifically to a visual and adjustable dual-mode ventilation device and a displacement monitoring method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, endotracheal intubation and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) are two common airway management tools in the field of medical ventilation equipment. Endotracheal intubation is used by passing directly through the glottis to the upper part of the trachea. It has good airtightness and is not easily dislodged, making it suitable for patients with long or complex surgeries. However, endotracheal intubation causes greater damage to the larynx and has more side effects and complications. LMA is designed to conform to the anatomical and physiological curvature of the human pharynx and larynx, with its tip reaching in front of the epiglottis and glottis. It is suitable for scenarios with short surgery times, minimal trauma, and ease of operation. However, LMA is prone to displacement, and its sealing performance is lower than that of endotracheal intubation. Current technology has not combined the superior performance of LMA and endotracheal intubation, making it difficult to flexibly switch between the two in special surgical situations, such as when the surgery time needs to be extended. In addition, during surgery, doctors often need to manually adjust the camera angle to observe the situation inside the larynx. The changes in the image caused by this active adjustment are confused with the changes in the image caused by the accidental displacement of the laryngeal mask, making it difficult for the system to accurately monitor the actual displacement of the ventilation device, which poses a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems of inflexible ventilation mode switching and interference of endoscope adjustment with displacement monitoring in existing technologies, this application proposes a visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device and displacement monitoring method. This enables modular dual-mode switching between laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube, and accurately decouples active endoscope adjustment from device displacement, thereby improving ventilation safety and displacement monitoring accuracy.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device includes: a laryngeal mask assembly, including a laryngeal mask cannula and a laryngeal mask cuff disposed at its upper end, the laryngeal mask cannula having a laryngeal mask air delivery channel inside; an inner cannula assembly, including an inner cannula body; a composite connector assembly, including a connector body, the connector body having a connector cannula, an inner cannula inlet, and an air inlet tube, the connector cannula being sealed to the laryngeal mask cannula, the inner cannula inlet being configured to allow the inner cannula body to selectively pass through the laryngeal mask air delivery channel, the air inlet tube being configured to allow gas to enter and exit; a miniature camera disposed at the upper end of the laryngeal mask cannula; a miniature camera adjustment structure configured to adjust the acquisition angle of the miniature camera; and a stroke encoder, linked to the miniature camera adjustment structure, configured to acquire displacement data of the miniature camera adjustment structure.

[0006] Optionally, a sealing ring is provided at the inlet of the inner tube, configured to seal against the inner tube body when the inner tube body is inserted; the air inlet pipe includes a corrugated section.

[0007] Optionally, a nylon thread is fixed to one side of the connector body, and the end of the nylon thread is provided with a nylon sealing plug that is in sealing fit with the inlet diameter of the inner tube. The nylon sealing plug is configured to seal the inlet of the inner tube when the inner tube body is not inserted.

[0008] Optionally, the miniature camera adjustment structure includes: a steel wire, one end of which is connected to the miniature camera; a winding assembly configured to wind or release the steel wire to pull the miniature camera to deflect; and an elastic steel wire configured to drive the miniature camera to reset when the steel wire is released.

[0009] Optionally, the miniature camera adjustment structure further includes: a signal line electrically connected to the miniature camera, the signal line being wrapped with a rubber sleeve; a steel wire movably arranged inside the rubber sleeve, the rubber sleeve being a corrugated tube near the miniature camera; the winding assembly includes an adjustment base fixed to the signal line, the adjustment base having a winding core inside, a handwheel connected to one side of the winding core, and a torsion spring fitted at the junction of the winding core and the adjustment base; the elastic steel wire is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the signal line and embedded inside the rubber sleeve.

[0010] Optionally, it also includes: an image processing module configured to extract and track features from the images captured by the miniature camera; and an early warning module configured to compare the displacement data obtained by the travel encoder with the changes in image features output by the image processing module, and output a graded early warning signal based on the comparison result.

[0011] Optionally, the early warning module includes: an audible and visual alarm unit configured to output an audible and visual alarm corresponding to the level of the graded early warning signal; and a display annotation unit configured to annotate the current displacement status and early warning information on the display interface.

[0012] Furthermore, this application also provides a displacement monitoring method for a visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device. The device includes a miniature camera, a miniature camera adjustment structure, and a stroke encoder. The method includes: acquiring real-time displacement data of the stroke encoder; acquiring real-time images captured by the miniature camera and extracting target features; predicting the expected image change caused by the movement of the miniature camera adjustment structure based on the real-time displacement data; and determining the displacement state based on the difference between the expected image change and the actual change of the target features.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes: performing dead-zone processing on the real-time displacement data, determining that no active adjustment has occurred when the change in the real-time displacement data is within a preset dead-zone range; and performing moving average filtering on the real-time displacement data to suppress displacement fluctuations caused by operational jitter.

[0014] Optionally, the step of determining the displacement state includes: calculating the residual vector between the actual change and the expected image change; when the magnitude of the residual vector is less than a preset threshold, determining that it is active lens adjustment and no displacement, and outputting a normal state signal; when the real-time displacement data does not change and the magnitude of the residual vector is greater than the preset threshold, determining that it is accidental dislocation, and outputting a first-level alarm signal; when the real-time displacement data changes and the magnitude of the residual vector is greater than the preset threshold, determining that it is displacement accompanied by adjustment, and outputting a second-level alarm signal.

[0015] Beneficial effects:

[0016] This application features a modular design. Through the multi-interface configuration of the composite connector assembly, it can be used independently for both traditional laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and endotracheal intubation, offering flexible usage options. Under normal circumstances, the LMA is used to avoid damage to the trachea. In special cases such as LMA cuff displacement or difficult airways, the endotracheal intubation method can be used for timely correction, greatly improving safety.

[0017] This application uses a combination of laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal intubation to seal the trachea, resulting in a strong seal and effectively preventing displacement of the laryngeal mask airbag, thus greatly improving safety.

[0018] This application uses a linkage between a stroke encoder and a miniature camera adjustment structure to acquire displacement data of the adjustment mechanism, and decouples the active endoscope adjustment action from the device displacement by combining image feature changes. Because wire drive exhibits slight nonlinear hysteresis due to tension and friction, this solution introduces a stroke-pixel mapping calibration table. Combined with the high-precision readings of the stroke encoder, this allows for real-time decoupling of the correspondence between the doctor's endoscope adjustment action and the device displacement, accurately determining the actual displacement state of the ventilation device, avoiding the problem of endoscope adjustment interfering with displacement monitoring, and improving the accuracy of displacement monitoring.

[0019] This application addresses the mechanical characteristics of the steel wire in the adjustment mechanism by adding dead zone processing and trend filtering optimization. It sets a dead zone for stroke changes to avoid misjudgments caused by steel wire slack, and applies a moving average filter to the stroke encoder readings to prevent minor stroke fluctuations caused by the doctor's hand tremors from triggering unnecessary calculations, thereby improving the stability of the algorithm and the reliability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of the visual and adjustable dual-mode ventilation device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural assembly diagram of the visual and adjustable dual-mode ventilation device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the laryngeal mask assembly according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the insert tube assembly and connecting tube according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a side sectional view of the laryngeal mask assembly in operation according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a side sectional view of the internal cannula assembly in operation according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the micro-camera adjustment structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] The components include: 1-Laryngeal mask assembly, 101-Laryngeal mask cannula, 1011-Laryngeal mask airway, 1012-Tube plug, 1013-Signal cable channel, 1014-Gastric tube channel, 1015-Transparent shield, 102-Laryngeal mask cuff, 1021-Gastric tube exit port, 103-Signal cable, 1031-Miniature camera, 1032-TYPE-C connector, 1033-Ultrasound sleeve, 1034-Steel wire, 1035-Adjustable base, 1036-Wire core, and 1037-Handwheel. 1038-Corrugated cannula, 104-Laryngeal mask airbag delivery tube, 1041-First fine-tuning inflation bag, 1042-First one-way air intake valve, 2-Internal insertion tube assembly, 201-Internal insertion tube body, 2011-Insertion tube end, 202-Internal insertion tube airbag delivery tube, 2021-Second fine-tuning inflation bag, 2022-Second one-way air intake valve, 203-Internal insertion tube airbag, 3-Tube connection assembly, 301-Corrugated tracheal section, 3011-Corrugated tube connector, 3012-Corrugated tube air intake interface. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device. The device includes a laryngeal mask assembly 1, an internal cannula assembly 2, and a composite connector assembly (as shown in the figure, tube connection assembly 3).

[0032] The laryngeal mask assembly 1 includes a laryngeal mask cannula 101 and a laryngeal mask cuff 102 located at its upper end. The laryngeal mask cannula 101 has a laryngeal mask air passage 1011 inside. Specifically, the laryngeal mask cannula 101 adopts a plastic design that conforms to the anatomical and physiological curvature of the human pharynx, and its upper end is sealed to the laryngeal mask cuff 102. A tube plug 1012 is integrally formed at the bottom end of the laryngeal mask cannula 101, located at the port of the laryngeal mask air passage 1011. The bottom of the laryngeal mask cuff 102 is connected to a laryngeal mask cuff air delivery tube 104, and the end of the air delivery tube is provided with a first fine-adjustment inflation cuff 1041, which is connected to a first one-way air intake valve 1042. Air is introduced through the first one-way air intake valve 1042 to inflate the laryngeal mask cuff 102, and the inflation volume is finely adjusted by pressing the first fine-adjustment inflation cuff 1041 to seal the laryngeal cavity with the laryngeal mask cuff 102. It should be understood that the inflation structure of the airbag is not limited to the form of a fine-tuning airbag combined with a one-way valve. It can also be an inflation valve that is directly connected to the syringe, as long as it can achieve the functions of inflation and sealing.

[0033] The intratubular assembly 2 includes an intratubular body 201. Specifically, an intratubular inflator 203 is located near the insertion end 2011 of the intratubular body 201. The intratubular inflator 203 is inflated and deflated through an intratubular inflator delivery tube 202, which has several through holes, and its outer end is connected to a second fine-adjustment inflator 2021 and a second one-way inlet valve 2022. The diameter of the intratubular body 201 is smaller than the channel diameter of the laryngeal mask airway 1011 to facilitate insertion and removal within the channel.

[0034] The composite connector assembly includes a connector body, which has a connector tube (as shown in the corrugated tube connector 3011 in the figure), an inner tube inlet (as shown in the corrugated tube air inlet 3012 in the figure), and an air inlet pipe (as shown in the corrugated air pipe section 301 in the figure). The connector tube is sealed to the laryngeal mask tube 101. The inner tube inlet is configured to allow the inner tube body 201 to be selectively inserted into the laryngeal mask air passage 1011, and the air inlet pipe is configured to allow gas to enter and exit.

[0035] Specifically, the tube connection assembly 3, as a concrete manifestation of the composite connector assembly, has a corrugated tube connector 3011 at one end of its corrugated tracheal tube section 301 that is sealed to the tube plug 1012 of the laryngeal mask assembly 1, and a corrugated tube inlet 3012 at the other end that is connected to the end of the internal insertion tube body 201. The inlet tube adopts a corrugated structure, giving it axial expansion and contraction characteristics. When the internal insertion tube body 201 moves in and out of the laryngeal mask airway 1011, the expansion and contraction characteristics of the corrugated tube section 301 can maintain the connection of the oxygen supply line, while avoiding pulling or moving the laryngeal mask assembly 1 installed in the patient's larynx. Through the pivotal role of the composite connector assembly, the internal insertion tube body 201 can be selectively inserted into the laryngeal mask airway 1011, realizing flexible switching between laryngeal mask ventilation mode and endotracheal intubation ventilation mode, without having to remove the laryngeal mask assembly 1 from the patient's mouth in an emergency, effectively avoiding secondary injury.

[0036] A miniature camera 1031 is located at the upper end of the laryngeal mask airway 101. Specifically, a signal line channel 1013 is provided on one side inside the laryngeal mask airway 101, and signal lines 103 are arranged inside. The end of the signal line located inside the laryngeal mask air bladder 102 is connected to the miniature camera 1031. The miniature camera 1031 is located at the upper end of the laryngeal mask airway 101 and is used to observe the normal position, secretions, and the inflation degree of the two air bladders. To prevent laryngeal secretions from sticking to the miniature camera 1031, a transparent protective cover 1015 is provided inside the laryngeal mask airway 101 at the location of the miniature camera 1031, and space is reserved inside the transparent protective cover 1015 for the miniature camera 1031 to move and adjust.

[0037] The miniature camera adjustment structure is configured to adjust the acquisition angle of the miniature camera 1031. Specifically, due to individual differences in laryngeal anatomy and the need to observe different positions during surgery, the miniature camera adjustment structure changes the deflection angle of the miniature camera 1031 through mechanical traction to obtain the optimal field of view. The specific mechanical structure of this adjustment structure will be described in detail in subsequent embodiments; this embodiment only clarifies its function of adjusting the acquisition angle.

[0038] A stroke encoder is linked to the miniature camera adjustment structure to acquire displacement data of the adjustment structure. Specifically, the stroke encoder is installed on the linkage mechanism of the miniature camera adjustment structure, such as the handwheel shaft or the guide wheel of the traction line. When the adjustment structure pulls the miniature camera 1031 to deflect, the stroke encoder synchronously measures the linear displacement or rotation angle generated by this mechanical action and converts it into a digital signal output. This displacement data reflects the amount of active lens adjustment. By introducing the stroke encoder, the system establishes a physical mapping between mechanical adjustment actions and changes in the visual image, providing crucial hardware support for distinguishing between active lens adjustment and accidental device displacement in the subsequent decoupling algorithm. This effectively avoids interference from lens adjustment actions on displacement monitoring and significantly improves the accuracy of displacement determination.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, a sealing ring is provided at the inlet of the internal cannula, configured to seal against the internal cannula body 201 during insertion; the air inlet pipe includes a corrugated section 301. Specifically, the sealing ring is embedded in the inner wall of the corrugated air inlet interface 3012 and is made of medical-grade silicone or fluororubber material with high elastic recovery. When the internal cannula body 201 passes through the internal cannula inlet, the inner lip of the sealing ring is tightly against the outer wall of the internal cannula body 201, forming an interference fit, thereby blocking gas leakage during the movement of the tube. The corrugated section 301 of the air inlet pipe has excellent axial expansion and contraction characteristics due to its continuous corrugated pleated structure. When the internal cannula 201 is inserted and moved within the laryngeal mask airway 1011, the corrugated tube 301 can be freely compressed or stretched to adapt to the displacement of the tube, which not only maintains the continuous connection of the oxygen supply line, but also avoids pulling and moving the laryngeal mask assembly 1 installed in the patient's larynx, effectively preventing secondary injury.

[0041] A nylon thread is fixed to one side of the connector body. The end of the nylon thread has a nylon sealing plug that seals against the diameter of the inner tube inlet. The nylon sealing plug is configured to seal the inner tube inlet when the inner tube body 201 is not inserted. Specifically, when the device is used alone as a laryngeal mask, the inner tube body 201 is retracted, leaving the inner tube inlet open. To prevent air leakage, the nylon sealing plug is inserted into the inner tube inlet for physical sealing. It should be understood that the nylon sealing plug is only a preferred embodiment; it can also be replaced with a silicone plug, a polyurethane plug, or a rubber plug with a pull ring, as long as it achieves the sealing function of sealing against the inner tube inlet diameter. The reason for further adding a separate nylon sealing plug on top of the sealing ring is that after long-term use or repeated high-temperature sterilization, the sealing ring is prone to material aging, resulting in insufficient resilience. If only the deformation of the sealing ring itself is relied upon to seal the open inlet, it is often difficult to maintain sufficient airtightness. The independent plug provides a rigid or semi-rigid physical barrier, which, together with the elastic deformation of the rubber ring, forms a double sealing barrier, significantly improving the sealing reliability of the device in single mode.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] Example 3:

[0044] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the miniature camera adjustment structure includes: a steel wire 1034, one end of which is connected to the miniature camera 1031; a winding assembly configured to wind or release the steel wire 1034 to pull the miniature camera 1031 to deflect; and an elastic steel wire configured to drive the miniature camera 1031 to reset when the steel wire 1034 is released. Specifically, the steel wire 1034 acts as a flexible traction component, with one end fixed to one side of the housing of the miniature camera 1031. When the winding assembly winds the steel wire 1034, the steel wire 1034 generates a linear tension, overcoming the connection resistance at the bottom of the miniature camera 1031, causing it to deflect around the hinge point, thereby changing the field of view; when the winding assembly releases the steel wire 1034, the tension disappears, and the elastic steel wire releases the stored elastic potential energy, pushing or pulling the miniature camera 1031 back to its initial position. It should be understood that the specific form of the winding assembly is not limited to the winding core structure detailed below. It can also be a gear and rack linear push-pull mechanism, a cam lifting mechanism, or a pulley traction mechanism, as long as it can convert the rotational motion into the linear winding and unwinding action of the steel wire 1034. This embodiment achieves concealed, long-distance viewing angle adjustment in narrow airways through the asymmetrical transmission design of the steel wire 1034 traction and the elastic steel wire reset, avoiding the problems of excessive space occupation and electromagnetic interference caused by direct motor drive.

[0045] The miniature camera adjustment structure also includes: a signal line 103 electrically connected to the miniature camera 1031, the signal line 103 being wrapped with a rubber sleeve 1033; a steel wire 1034 movably arranged inside the rubber sleeve 1033, the rubber sleeve 1033 being corrugated with a tube 1038 near the miniature camera 1031; a winding assembly including an adjustment base 1035 fixed to the signal line 103, a winding core 1036 inside the adjustment base 1035, a handwheel 1037 connected to one side of the winding core 1036, and a torsion spring fitted at the junction of the winding core 1036 and the adjustment base 1035; and an elastic steel wire spirally wound around the outer periphery of the signal line 103 and embedded inside the rubber sleeve 1033. Specifically, the rubber sleeve 1033 encasing the signal line 103 provides an independent and sealed operating channel for the steel wire 1034 and the elastic steel wire, preventing them from tangling or getting stuck in the signal line channel inside the laryngeal mask cannula 101. The rubber sleeve 1033 is positioned near the miniature camera 1031 as a corrugated sleeve 1038. This corrugated structure has easily compressible or stretchable characteristics in the axial direction, allowing the miniature camera 1031 to smoothly deflect at multiple angles when pulled by the steel wire 1034, without being limited by the rigidity of the rubber sleeve 1033 itself. In terms of the transmission mechanism, the doctor rotates the handwheel 1037 externally, causing the winding core 1036 inside the positioning base 1035 to rotate. The winding core 1036 winds up the steel wire 1034, converting the rotational motion of the handwheel 1037 into a linear pulling stroke of the steel wire 1034. A torsion spring fitted at the junction of the winding core 1036 and the adjustment base 1035 provides a restoring force to reverse the winding core 1036 when the doctor releases the handwheel 1037, assisting in the release of the steel wire 1034. An elastic steel wire, embedded inside the rubber sleeve 1033 and spirally wound around the signal line 103, utilizes the elastic deformation of its spiral structure to provide a continuous restoring thrust when the steel wire 1034 is released, ensuring that the miniature camera 1031 can accurately return to its correct position.

[0046] It is important to emphasize that, due to the combined effects of tension, friction on the inner wall of the rubber sleeve 1033, and deformation resistance of the corrugated sleeve 1038 during the winding and unwinding of the steel wire 1034, this mechanical transmission structure exhibits a slight nonlinear hysteresis characteristic. That is, the rotation angle of the handwheel 1037 and the actual deflection angle of the miniature camera 1031 are not a perfect linear correspondence. This physical characteristic forms the physical basis for introducing anti-shake and hysteresis compensation algorithms in subsequent displacement monitoring methods. This necessitates that the system acquire actual displacement data through a stroke encoder and combine it with visual features for decoupling and judgment, rather than simply relying on the mechanical transmission ratio for theoretical angle calculations.

[0047] Example 4:

[0048] This embodiment, based on the above embodiments, further defines the hardware architecture for image processing and early warning. The visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device also includes an image processing module configured to extract and track features from images acquired by the miniature camera 1031; and an early warning module configured to compare displacement data obtained by the travel encoder with changes in image features output by the image processing module, and output graded early warning signals based on the comparison results.

[0049] Specifically, the image processing module can be implemented by a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) integrated into an external monitoring terminal or a standalone host. During the surgery, the miniature camera 1031 acquires a video stream of the glottis and surrounding tissues in real time. The image processing module receives this video stream and uses visual algorithms such as edge detection, optical flow, or template matching to extract and continuously track key anatomical landmarks (e.g., the lower edge of the vocal cords, the edge of the epiglottis, etc.) in the image. Simultaneously, the warning module receives real-time displacement data from the travel encoder, reflecting the amount of mechanical displacement caused by the doctor's operation of the miniature camera's adjustment structure. The warning module has pre-stored travel-pixel mapping relationships established by factory calibration or clinical interactive calibration. By comparing the expected image change predicted based on the displacement data with the actual image feature change output by the image processing module, the residual between the two is calculated. Based on the magnitude of this residual, the warning module outputs graded warning signals of different levels.

[0050] As an example, the formula for calculating residuals is: ;

[0051] Tiered early warning output rules: ;

[0052] Parameter explanation:

[0053] The actual image feature pixel change output by the image processing module, in pixels (px), refers to the difference in position coordinates of key anatomical landmarks extracted from two consecutive frames, reflecting the actual displacement of target features in the actual video;

[0054] :The actual mechanical displacement of the miniature camera adjustment structure collected by the stroke encoder, in millimeters (mm), reflects the change in camera position caused by the doctor's operation of the adjustment structure such as push rods and knobs;

[0055] : Pre-calibrated travel-pixel mapping coefficients, unit: pixels / mm (px / mm), obtained from factory calibration or clinical interactive calibration, calculated using the following formula: This is used to convert mechanical displacement into corresponding theoretically predicted pixel changes.

[0056] The absolute residual between the predicted pixel change and the actual pixel change, in pixels (px). The larger the residual, the higher the probability of an abnormal system state.

[0057] : Graded early warning output signal, among which Without warning, Level 1 warning Level II warning

[0058] Level 1 warning residual threshold, unit: pixels (px). This is the upper limit of tolerable deviation obtained from clinical statistics. Deviation exceeding this threshold indicates a mild abnormality, reminding the surgeon to pay attention.

[0059] Level 2 warning residual threshold, unit: pixels (px). This is the maximum allowable deviation for safe operation. A deviation exceeding this threshold indicates a serious anomaly, requiring immediate suspension of operation and equipment adjustment.

[0060] The anomaly detection logic based on the above formula is as follows:

[0061] First, by pre-calibrating, the mapping relationship between the mechanical displacement of the camera and the displacement of the image pixels is obtained, and the theoretical changes in image feature pixels can be predicted based on the displacement data of the stroke encoder.

[0062] The absolute difference between the theoretically predicted pixel change and the actual feature pixel change obtained by the image processing module is calculated to obtain the residual E: The residual reflects the deviation between the mechanical displacement prediction result and the actual visual tracking result. The sources of deviation include three types of abnormal situations: camera positioning deviation, anatomical feature recognition error, and unexpected tissue displacement.

[0063] Finally, the warning levels are divided based on the residual size and the preset dual thresholds to achieve graded warning output.

[0064] It should be understood that the hardware implementation of the image processing module and the early warning module is not limited to discrete components; they can also be different logic processing units integrated into the same system-on-a-chip (SoC), as long as parallel data processing and comparison output can be achieved. This embodiment integrates complex visual algorithms and mechanical displacement data at the hardware level through the hardware linkage logic of the image processing module and the early warning module, providing solid underlying hardware support for accurately decoupling active lens adjustment actions and accidental device displacement.

[0065] The early warning module includes an audible and visual alarm unit, configured to output corresponding audible and visual alarms based on the level of the graded early warning signal; and a display and labeling unit, configured to label the current displacement status and early warning information on the display interface.

[0066] Specifically, the audible and visual alarm unit includes, but is not limited to, red and yellow warning lights, a buzzer, or a speaker. When the warning module determines that an accidental dislocation has occurred, it outputs a first-level alarm signal, and the audible and visual alarm unit controls the red warning light to flash at a high frequency and drives the buzzer to emit a continuous warning sound. When it determines that the displacement is accompanied by adjustment, it outputs a second-level alarm signal, and the audible and visual alarm unit controls the yellow warning light to remain on and drives the speaker to broadcast a voice prompt. The display annotation unit visually presents the specific status on the display screen, such as overlaying displacement status annotations (e.g., normal, first-level alarm, second-level alarm, etc.) and warning information on the edge area of ​​the video image. Through the specific hardware configuration of the audible and visual alarm unit and the display annotation unit, the transformation from abstract data comparison results to intuitive physical warning signals is realized. This allows medical staff to perceive the risk of device displacement in real time through both auditory and visual channels while focusing on the surgical field, significantly improving the safety of clinical operations.

[0067] Example 5:

[0068] This embodiment provides a displacement monitoring method for a visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device, which includes a miniature camera 1031, a miniature camera adjustment structure, and a stroke encoder. This method establishes an algorithmic framework for distinguishing between active lens adjustment and accidental displacement by decoupling displacement data from image features.

[0069] Step A: Obtain the real-time displacement data of the stroke encoder.

[0070] Specifically, during surgery, when the surgeon operates the miniature camera adjustment structure (e.g., rotating the handwheel 1037) according to observation needs, the stroke encoder synchronously measures the linear displacement or rotation angle generated by this mechanical action and converts it into a digital signal. The system periodically reads this digital signal as real-time displacement data reflecting the amount of the surgeon's active adjustment of the scope. This data forms the physical basis for predicting changes in the field of view in subsequent decoupled calculations.

[0071] Step B: Acquire real-time images captured by the miniature camera 1031 and extract target features.

[0072] Specifically, the miniature camera 1031 acquires a real-time video stream of the glottis and surrounding tissues. Upon receiving this video stream, visual algorithms are used to extract and continuously track key anatomical landmarks in the image (such as the lower edge of the vocal cords, the edge of the epiglottis, etc.) to obtain the real-time coordinates of these target features in the image coordinate system. The selection of target features is typically confirmed by the doctor via an interactive interface before or during the procedure. The system uses edge detection and other algorithms to locate their geometric center, which serves as a visual reference for subsequent comparisons.

[0073] Step C: Based on real-time displacement data, predict the expected image change caused by the movement of the miniature camera adjustment structure.

[0074] Specifically, because the miniature camera adjustment structure deflects the miniature camera 1031 via a steel wire 1034, there is a physical mapping relationship between the rotation stroke of the handwheel and the pixel displacement of the target features in the image. The system internally stores the stroke-pixel mapping relationship established by factory calibration or clinical interactive calibration, such as a stroke-pixel lookup table (LUT). Upon acquiring real-time displacement data, the system queries this mapping relationship to calculate the expected translation amount of the target features in the field of view if only active endoscopic adjustment occurs. From a physical perspective, if the overall position of the laryngeal mask airway remains unchanged, and the doctor only rotates the handwheel to adjust the camera's stroke, all anatomical structures within the field of view will complete the overall translation according to this expected amount.

[0075] Step D: Determine the shift state based on the difference between the expected image change and the actual change of the target features.

[0076] Specifically, the actual change of the target features in the current frame (i.e., the difference between the current real-time coordinates and the reference coordinates) is calculated, and this actual change is compared with the expected image change predicted in step S300 to calculate the residual between the two. If the residual is extremely small or close to zero, it indicates that the image change is entirely caused by manual adjustment, and it is determined that the doctor actively adjusted the scope and the device did not shift. If the residual is large, it indicates that the anatomical structure still shifted relatively after deducting the influence of manual adjustment, and it is determined that the device shifted unexpectedly. This embodiment, through the above four core steps, utilizes the decoupled comparison of mechanical displacement data and visual feature changes to eliminate the interference of active scope adjustment on image changes, achieving accurate determination of the actual displacement state of the ventilation device, and providing reliable safety monitoring for clinical surgery.

[0077] Example 6:

[0078] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further defines the displacement data preprocessing and hierarchical early warning logic according to the mechanical transmission characteristics of the miniature camera adjustment structure. Because the steel wire 1034 is affected by tension, friction, and the deformation resistance of the corrugated sleeve 1038 during winding and unwinding, its transmission exhibits nonlinear hysteresis characteristics. If the raw real-time displacement data obtained by the stroke encoder is directly used for subsequent decoupling judgment, it is highly likely to cause system misjudgment. Therefore, the method of this embodiment also includes dead-zone processing of the real-time displacement data. When the change in the real-time displacement data is within the preset dead-zone range, it is determined that no active adjustment has occurred; and moving average filtering is performed on the real-time displacement data to suppress displacement fluctuations caused by operational jitter.

[0079] Specifically, dead-zone processing refers to pre-setting a dead-zone range for stroke variation, such as ±0.1 mm. When the doctor does not actively operate the handwheel 1037, or when the steel wire 1034 experiences slight slack due to breathing or slight touch, the stroke encoder will detect extremely small displacement fluctuations. If this fluctuation is within the preset dead-zone range, the system directly determines that no active adjustment has occurred and skips complex compensation calculations, maintaining the current baseline stroke data unchanged. This processing mechanism effectively avoids system misjudgments caused by the mechanical slack of the steel wire 1034 itself. The moving average filtering process involves continuously averaging the reading sequence of the stroke encoder over a sliding window. When the doctor operates the handwheel 1037, hand tremors are inevitable, causing high-frequency fluctuations in the displacement data. Through moving average filtering, the system calculates the average of multiple displacement samples within a preset time window, thereby smoothing out instantaneous abnormal jumps and significantly improving the stability of the displacement data and the reliability of the algorithm.

[0080] After data preprocessing, the steps for determining the displacement status include: calculating the residual vector between the actual change and the expected image change; when the magnitude of the residual vector is less than a preset threshold, it is determined to be active lens adjustment without displacement, and a normal status signal is output; when the real-time displacement data does not change and the magnitude of the residual vector is greater than the preset threshold, it is determined to be accidental dislocation, and a first-level alarm signal is output; when the real-time displacement data changes and the magnitude of the residual vector is greater than the preset threshold, it is determined to be displacement accompanied by adjustment, and a second-level alarm signal is output.

[0081] Specifically, the system first calculates the residual vector between the actual change in the target features in the image and the expected change in the image predicted based on displacement data. This residual vector contains components in the horizontal and vertical directions, reflecting the relative displacement of the anatomical structure in the field of view after deducting the active adjustment factor. The system further calculates the magnitude of this residual vector and compares it with a preset threshold to distinguish three different displacement states. When the magnitude of the residual vector is less than the preset threshold, it indicates that the change in the image in the field of view is entirely caused by the doctor's active adjustment of the scope, and the overall position of the device has not shifted. The system determines that it is an active adjustment and there is no displacement, and outputs a normal state signal. At this time, the display interface only shows the current travel scale and does not trigger an alarm. When the real-time displacement data does not change, that is, the doctor does not operate the handwheel 1037, but the magnitude of the residual vector is greater than the preset threshold, it indicates that the anatomical structure has undergone significant relative movement without active adjustment of the scope. The system determines that the laryngeal mask assembly 1 has been accidentally dislocated and outputs a first-level alarm signal. At this time, the audible and visual alarm unit controls the red warning light to flash at a high frequency and emit a continuous prompt sound to remind the doctor to immediately fix the handwheel or readjust the laryngeal mask position. When real-time displacement data changes and the magnitude of the residual vector exceeds a preset threshold, it indicates that the doctor is adjusting the viewing angle using handwheel 1037, but the device is simultaneously shifting. The system determines this as shift accompanied by adjustment and outputs a second-level alarm signal. At this time, the audible and visual alarm unit controls the yellow warning light to remain on and broadcasts a voice prompt, reminding the doctor that the shift is ongoing, adjustment should be stopped, and the device shift issue should be addressed first. This embodiment, through the aforementioned rigorous logical judgment and hierarchical early warning mechanism, transforms complex mechanical transmission lag and visual feature changes into clear state hierarchies, providing precise safety monitoring for clinical surgery.

[0082] Example 7:

[0083] To more clearly illustrate the application of the visual and adjustable dual-mode ventilation device and displacement monitoring method of this application in actual clinical practice, a detailed description is provided below in conjunction with three typical surgical scenarios.

[0084] Scenario 1: Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) ventilation mode for routine short-duration surgeries. When the expected surgery time is short and the patient's airway condition is good, the LMA assembly 1 is used alone. In this case, the internal tube 201 retracts to the upper port of the LMA airway 1011, without penetrating deep into the patient's trachea. To prevent air leakage, a nylon sealing plug is used to physically seal the internal tube inlet. The LMA cuff 102 is inserted to the front of the patient's epiglottis and glottis. Air is introduced through the first one-way inlet valve 1042 to inflate the LMA cuff 102, and the inflation volume is finely adjusted by pressing the first fine-tuning inlet 1041. During this process, a miniature camera 1031 captures real-time images of the larynx. The doctor observes the inflation level of the LMA cuff 102 and the surrounding tissue condition through the display interface to ensure that the LMA cuff 102 is in a suitable sealing state of the larynx. Subsequently, an external oxygen supply system is connected through the corrugated tube inlet 3012 to achieve the traditional LMA ventilation method. This scenario fully utilizes the advantages of the laryngeal mask airway being minimally invasive and easy to operate, while also improving the accuracy of insertion and inflation through the direct field of view provided by the miniature camera 1031.

[0085] Scenario 2: Seamless dual-mode switching for sudden airway difficulties. Building upon Scenario 1, if the laryngeal mask airway cuff 102 fails to seal effectively during surgery, or if the patient experiences sudden airway difficulties such as airway spasm, it is not necessary to remove the laryngeal mask assembly 1 from the patient's mouth. The doctor directly compresses the corrugated tube 301 externally, moving the insertion end 2011 of the inner tube body 201 into the larynx, positioning it in the upper-middle section of the trachea. At this time, the laryngeal mask airway cuff 102 remains in front of the epiglottis and glottis, maintaining its inflation seal. Air is introduced through the second one-way inlet valve 2022, causing the inner tube cuff 203 near the insertion end 2011 of the inner tube body 201 to inflate. The inflation volume is then finely adjusted by pressing the second fine-tuning inflator cuff 2021, allowing the inner tube cuff 203 to inflate and seal the trachea. The doctor can also observe the inflation level and relative position of the laryngeal mask airway cuff 102 and the inner tube cuff 203 through the miniature camera 1031. The ventilation path seamlessly switches from the laryngeal mask airway 1011 to the endotracheal tube 201, with continuous oxygen supply through the corrugated air inlet 3012. This scenario enables a rapid emergency switch to endotracheal intubation without changing the patient's head and neck position or removing the laryngeal mask assembly 1, effectively avoiding secondary injury and hypoxia risks caused by repeated intubation.

[0086] Scenario 3: Intraoperative Field of View Adjustment and Accidental Dislocation Monitoring. During the surgery, the surgeon rotates handwheel 1037 according to observation needs. The suture core 1036 winds up the steel wire 1034, causing the miniature camera 1031 to deflect and obtain the optimal field of view. Simultaneously, the stroke encoder acquires the mechanical displacement data caused by the rotation of handwheel 1037. After acquiring this real-time displacement data, the system extracts target features such as the lower edge of the vocal cords based on the real-time image captured by the miniature camera 1031, and predicts the expected image change based on a stroke-pixel lookup table. Since the image change is entirely caused by active lens adjustment, the residual between the expected image change and the actual change of the target features is extremely small. The magnitude of the residual vector is less than a preset threshold. The system determines that the lens adjustment is active and there is no displacement, outputs a normal status signal, and does not trigger an alarm, allowing the surgeon to focus on the surgical procedure.

[0087] If, during surgery, the laryngeal mask assembly 1 unexpectedly dislocates due to changes in patient positioning or external traction, and the surgeon does not operate the handwheel 1037, the real-time displacement data remains unchanged. However, due to the overall movement of the laryngeal mask, the target features in the image captured by the miniature camera 1031 undergo significant relative displacement, causing the magnitude of the residual vector to exceed a preset threshold. The system quickly determines this as an unexpected dislocation and outputs a first-level alarm signal. The audible and visual alarm unit immediately controls the red warning light to flash at a high frequency and drives the buzzer to emit a continuous warning sound, while the display annotation unit overlays a first-level alarm annotation on the display interface. The surgeon perceives the risk immediately through both auditory and visual channels, immediately stops the current operation, and readjusts the laryngeal mask position, thus effectively preventing serious complications such as patient hypoxia caused by the failure to detect dislocation of the ventilation device in time.

[0088] It should be understood that the above clinical scenarios are illustrative only and not restrictive. In practical applications, the device and method of this application can also be applied to other medical scenarios requiring airway management, as long as they can achieve flexible switching between dual modes and accurate displacement monitoring.

[0089] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device, comprising: The laryngeal mask assembly includes a laryngeal mask cannula and a laryngeal mask cuff located at its upper end, wherein the laryngeal mask cannula has a laryngeal mask air delivery channel inside. An internal cannulation assembly, including an internal cannulation body; A composite connector assembly includes a connector body, the connector body having a connector cannula, an inner cannula inlet and an air inlet tube, the connector cannula being sealed to the laryngeal mask cannula, the inner cannula inlet being configured to allow the inner cannula to selectively pass through the laryngeal mask airway, and the air inlet tube being configured to allow gas to enter and exit. A miniature camera is located at the upper end of the laryngeal mask airway. A miniature camera adjustment structure is configured to adjust the acquisition angle of the miniature camera; as well as A stroke encoder is configured to be linked with the miniature camera adjustment structure to acquire displacement data of the miniature camera adjustment structure.

2. The visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet of the inner tube is provided with a sealing ring, which is configured to seal against the inner tube body when the inner tube body is inserted; the air inlet pipe includes a corrugated section.

3. The visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A nylon thread is fixed to one side of the connector body, and the end of the nylon thread is provided with a nylon sealing plug that is in sealing fit with the inlet diameter of the inner tube. The nylon sealing plug is configured to seal the inlet of the inner tube when the inner tube body is not inserted.

4. The visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The miniature camera adjustment structure includes: A steel wire, one end of which is connected to the miniature camera; A winding assembly configured to wind or release the steel wire to deflect the miniature camera; and An elastic steel wire is configured to drive the miniature camera to reset when the steel wire is released.

5. The visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The miniature camera adjustment structure also includes: A signal cable is electrically connected to the miniature camera, and the signal cable is wrapped with a rubber sleeve. The steel wire is movably arranged inside the rubber sleeve, and the rubber sleeve near the miniature camera is a corrugated tube; The winding assembly includes an adjustment base fixed to the signal line, a winding core is provided inside the adjustment base, a handwheel is connected to one side of the winding core, and a torsion spring is assembled at the junction of the winding core and the adjustment base. The elastic steel wire is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the signal line and embedded inside the rubber sleeve.

6. The visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The image processing module is configured to extract and track features from the images captured by the miniature camera; as well as The early warning module is configured to compare the displacement data obtained by the travel encoder with the changes in image features output by the image processing module, and output a graded early warning signal based on the comparison result.

7. The visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The early warning module includes: An audible and visual alarm unit is configured to output an audible and visual alarm corresponding to the level of the graded warning signal; and The display annotation unit is configured to annotate the current displacement status and warning information on the display interface.

8. A displacement monitoring method for a visually adjustable dual-mode ventilation device, the device comprising a miniature camera, a miniature camera adjustment structure, and a stroke encoder, the method comprising: Obtain the real-time displacement data of the stroke encoder; Acquire real-time images captured by the miniature camera and extract target features; Based on the real-time displacement data, predict the expected image change caused by the movement of the miniature camera adjustment structure; The shift state is determined based on the difference between the expected image change and the actual change of the target feature.

9. The displacement monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Dead zone processing is performed on the real-time displacement data. When the change in the real-time displacement data is within the preset dead zone range, it is determined that no active adjustment has occurred. The real-time displacement data is subjected to moving average filtering to suppress displacement fluctuations caused by operational jitter.

10. The displacement monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The steps for determining the shift state include: Calculate the residual vector between the actual change and the expected image change; When the magnitude of the residual vector is less than a preset threshold, it is determined to be active lens adjustment without displacement, and a normal state signal is output. When the real-time displacement data remains unchanged and the magnitude of the residual vector is greater than the preset threshold, it is determined to be an accidental dislocation, and a first-level alarm signal is output. When the real-time displacement data changes and the magnitude of the residual vector is greater than the preset threshold, it is determined to be a displacement-related adjustment, and a second-level alarm signal is output.

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