Electrical fire intelligent adjustment fire extinguishing medium flow fire extinguishing equipment and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the fields of green and low-carbon fire protection, carbon dioxide extinguishing medium utilization, intelligent fire control, electrical fire monitoring, and industrial Internet of Things (IoT) sensing and control technologies. In particular, it relates to a fire extinguishing device and method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of the extinguishing medium in electrical fires. Upon the occurrence of an electrical fire trigger signal, the fire extinguishing device initiates carbon dioxide release and establishes a single release response time window. It collects carbon dioxide concentration, electrical conductor temperature, pipeline pressure, and actual flow rate, calculates the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope, conductor temperature lag, and pipeline pressure residual attenuation, and generates an effective extinguishing response index. When the effective extinguishing response index falls within the compensation range, a target flow rate is generated based on the actual flow rate and the compensation increment, and the proportional flow adjustment module is adjusted according to the target flow rate. This improves the accuracy of carbon dioxide release control in electrical fires and reduces the risks of under-discharge, over-discharge, and reignition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of green and low-carbon fire protection, carbon dioxide extinguishing medium utilization, intelligent fire protection control, electrical fire monitoring, and industrial Internet of Things sensing and control technology, and particularly to a fire extinguishing device and method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires. Background Technology

[0002] Electrical equipment is prone to electrical fires under abnormal operating conditions such as overheating, overload, insulation aging, short circuits, or discharges. For relatively enclosed electrical spaces such as distribution cabinets, cable trenches, energy storage electrical compartments, and charging equipment compartments, using carbon dioxide as a fire extinguishing medium is clean, leaves little residue, and is suitable for protecting electrical equipment. In the prior art, Chinese invention patent application CN115054848A discloses a gas fire extinguishing device for distribution cabinets. The device includes a high-pressure carbon dioxide cylinder, a pressure sensor, a solenoid valve, a smoke detector, a heat detector, and a PLC controller. It can release carbon dioxide gas to isolate oxygen and extinguish the fire when a fire occurs in the distribution cabinet. Another Chinese invention patent application CN111047535A discloses a fire control system that intelligently identifies fire sources and automatically adjusts the fire extinguishing flow rate. This system identifies fire source information through a fire monitoring module, and the main control module transmits the signal to the fire extinguishing flow control module to control the sprinkler unit for fire extinguishing.

[0003] However, existing electrical fire extinguishing devices typically focus on fire triggering, cylinder pressure detection, valve opening, and extinguishing medium release. They lack precise judgment and closed-loop regulation to determine whether an effective extinguishing response has been achieved within the discharge area after carbon dioxide release. If discharge is based on a fixed flow rate or a single threshold, problems such as insufficient or excessive carbon dioxide release, delayed extinguishing response judgment, or unstable reignition suppression can easily occur. These problems are particularly pronounced when electrical conductors have thermal inertia, pipeline pressure changes during the discharge process, and the gas diffusion state in the discharge area is complex. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fire extinguishing device and method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies. The aim is to achieve a comprehensive judgment on the establishment of extinguishing medium, the thermal response of electrical conductors, and the pressure supply status of the discharge pipeline during the carbon dioxide discharge process after an electrical fire is triggered, and to generate a more reasonable target flow rate accordingly, so as to reduce the problems of under-discharge, over-discharge, and inaccurate judgment of extinguishing response caused by fixed flow rate or single threshold discharge.

[0005] This invention specifically adopts the following scheme: a method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing media in electrical fires, comprising: a triggering step, a sampling step, a quantization step, a coupling step, and an adjustment step. Wherein:

[0006] Triggering steps: The fire extinguishing equipment starts releasing carbon dioxide after the electrical fire trigger signal appears, and establishes the same release response time window;

[0007] Sampling procedure: The fire extinguishing equipment collects carbon dioxide concentration, electrical conductor temperature, pipeline pressure, and actual flow rate within the same discharge response time window;

[0008] Quantification steps: Calculate the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope, conductor temperature drop hysteresis, and pipeline pressure residual attenuation of the fire extinguishing equipment;

[0009] Coupling steps: The fire extinguishing equipment uses the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope as the positive term and the conductor temperature drop hysteresis and pipeline pressure residual attenuation as the negative terms to generate an effective fire extinguishing response index.

[0010] Adjustment steps: When the effective fire extinguishing response index falls within the compensation range, the fire extinguishing equipment generates a target flow rate based on the actual flow rate and the compensation increment, and adjusts the proportional flow adjustment module according to the target flow rate.

[0011] The above method uses fire extinguishing equipment as the executing entity and is applicable to electrical fire protection scenarios equipped with carbon dioxide discharge pipelines and proportional flow control modules. After an electrical fire trigger signal occurs, the fire extinguishing equipment does not immediately discharge at a fixed maximum flow rate. Instead, it first establishes a common discharge response time window, ensuring that the subsequently collected carbon dioxide concentration, electrical conductor temperature, pipeline pressure, and actual flow rate are all under the same time reference. This avoids misjudgments caused by inconsistent sampling times of different sensor signals. In the sampling step, carbon dioxide concentration reflects whether the extinguishing medium has reached an effective concentration within the discharge area; electrical conductor temperature reflects whether the heat from the fire source has begun to recede; pipeline pressure reflects the pressure supply status of the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline; and actual flow rate reflects the amount of extinguishing medium already output by the proportional flow control module. The quantification step converts the above raw sampling values ​​into a carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope, a conductor temperature receding lag, and a pipeline pressure residual attenuation, enabling the intelligent control module to determine whether "the extinguishing medium has reached the discharge area," "whether the electrical conductor has generated a thermal response," and "whether the pipeline pressure drop exceeds normal discharge consumption." In the coupling step, the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is used as a positive term, representing the degree of effective establishment of the extinguishing medium; the conductor temperature drop lag and pipeline pressure residual decay are used as negative terms, representing thermal response lag and pressure supply anomaly, respectively. The adjustment step generates a target flow rate based on the effective extinguishing response index, so that the target flow rate is no longer solely dependent on a single threshold of smoke, temperature, or pressure, but is jointly determined by concentration establishment, thermal response, and pressure residual decay, thereby reducing the risks of accidental discharge, under-discharge, and excessive discharge.

[0012] In a further scheme: In the triggering step: the starting point of the same discharge response time window is the moment when the actual flow rate first exceeds the minimum effective flow rate threshold, and the ending point of the same discharge response time window is the confirmation moment after the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold and the electrical conductor temperature shows a downward inflection point. Specifically, the same discharge response time window is used to define a unified comparison range for the sampled data. The moment when the actual flow rate first exceeds the minimum effective flow rate threshold indicates that carbon dioxide has entered a measurable discharge state from the discharge pipeline, which is suitable as the starting point of the same discharge response time window. The confirmation moment after the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold and the electrical conductor temperature shows a downward inflection point indicates that the carbon dioxide concentration in the discharge area has been established and the electrical conductor has shown a thermal fallback response, which is suitable as the ending point of the same discharge response time window. The confirmation moment can be set to the moment after the electrical conductor temperature has decreased for two or three consecutive sampling cycles to avoid misjudgment caused by noise from a single sampling point. The minimum effective flow rate threshold can be taken as 5% to 10% of the rated flow rate of the proportional flow control module, and the concentration response threshold can be set to 6% to 15% volume fraction according to the volume of the discharge area and the tolerance conditions of the electrical equipment. By setting these start and end points, the fire extinguishing equipment can eliminate initial valve opening vibration, sensor instantaneous noise, and short-term airflow impact, ensuring that the data within the same discharge response time window truly reflects the discharge effect.

[0013] In a further proposed scheme: In the quantification step, the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is obtained by dividing the net increment of carbon dioxide concentration within the same discharge response time window by the length of that same discharge response time window; the net increment of carbon dioxide concentration is the difference between the endpoint carbon dioxide concentration and the starting carbon dioxide concentration. Specifically, the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is used to represent the rate at which the carbon dioxide concentration in the discharge area increases over time. The net increment of carbon dioxide concentration is the difference between the endpoint carbon dioxide concentration and the starting carbon dioxide concentration, and the length of the same discharge response time window is the difference between the endpoint time and the starting time. The intelligent control module divides the net increment of carbon dioxide concentration by the length of the same discharge response time window to obtain the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope. If the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is large, it indicates that the extinguishing medium can accumulate quickly in the discharge area; if the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is small, there may be insufficient nozzle coverage, large ventilation leakage in the discharge area, excessive resistance in the discharge pipeline, or insufficient discharge flow. The carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope can be calculated by the intelligent control module at the end of each discharge response time window, or it can be updated continuously with each sampling within the discharge response time window to promptly determine whether the target flow rate needs to be increased.

[0014] In a further scheme: In the quantification step, the conductor temperature drop lag is the time difference between the moment when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold and the moment when the electrical conductor temperature reaches its inflection point. When the inflection point of the electrical conductor temperature drop occurs earlier than the moment when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold, the conductor temperature drop lag is recorded as zero. Specifically, the conductor temperature drop lag is used to represent the delay in the occurrence of the inflection point of the electrical conductor temperature drop after the carbon dioxide concentration is established. The inflection point of the electrical conductor temperature drop can be determined by the temperature sequence continuously collected by the temperature acquisition module. For example, in three consecutive sampling points, if the temperature of the later sampling point is lower than the temperature of the previous sampling point, and the drop exceeds the temperature noise threshold, the intelligent control module can determine that the electrical conductor temperature has reached its inflection point. When the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold, if the electrical conductor temperature continues to rise or remains unchanged for a long time, it indicates that the electrical conductor has strong thermal inertia or the fire source has not been effectively suppressed. In this case, the conductor temperature drop lag is large. When the inflection point of the electrical conductor temperature drop occurs earlier than the moment the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold, it indicates that the temperature has already dropped ahead of schedule. The lag in conductor temperature drop is recorded as zero to avoid negative values ​​being included in the subsequent calculation of the effective fire extinguishing response index. Through this process, the lag in conductor temperature drop can accurately reflect the time difference between the establishment of carbon dioxide concentration and the thermal response of the electrical conductor.

[0015] In a further proposed solution: In the quantification step, the residual pressure attenuation in the pipeline is obtained by subtracting the reference pressure attenuation from the actual pressure attenuation. The reference pressure attenuation is obtained by querying a preset pressure attenuation mapping table using the actual flow rate, the proportional flow rate adjustment module opening, and the discharge duration. Specifically, the residual pressure attenuation in the pipeline is used to eliminate unavoidable pressure drops during normal discharge. When carbon dioxide is discharged from the discharge pipeline, the pipeline pressure will naturally decrease as the extinguishing medium flows out; this pressure drop itself does not necessarily indicate an abnormal pressure supply. To avoid misjudging normal pressure drops as abnormal, the intelligent control module pre-stores a preset pressure attenuation mapping table. The preset pressure attenuation mapping table can be obtained through factory calibration or on-site debugging. During calibration, different actual flow rates, different proportional flow rate adjustment module openings, and different discharge durations are set under no-fire conditions, and the corresponding normal pressure drop values ​​are recorded, forming a mapping relationship between the actual flow rate, the proportional flow rate adjustment module opening, the discharge duration, and the reference pressure attenuation. During actual discharge, the intelligent control module first calculates the actual pressure drop between the starting and ending pipeline pressures. Then, based on the actual flow rate, the opening degree of the proportional flow control module, and the discharge duration, it retrieves the baseline pressure drop. Finally, it subtracts the baseline pressure drop from the actual pressure drop to obtain the residual pressure drop in the pipeline. A larger residual pressure drop is more likely to indicate pipeline leakage, insufficient cylinder pressure, abnormal valve response, or a decrease in pressure supply capacity due to pipeline blockage.

[0016] In a further proposed solution: the effective fire suppression response index is used to unify the carbon dioxide concentration build-up, conductor temperature drop hysteresis, and residual pipeline pressure decay into a single criterion. The intelligent control module first obtains the normalized values ​​for concentration build-up, thermal hysteresis, and residual pressure, and then calculates the overall fire suppression response level after carbon dioxide release using the effective fire suppression response index. The effective fire suppression response index is obtained by the following formula:

[0017] ;

[0018] Among them, the effective fire extinguishing response index This indicates the degree of effective fire suppression response of carbon dioxide within the same discharge response time window, and a normalized concentration value is established. This represents the ratio of the slope established for carbon dioxide concentration to the baseline slope established for concentration, and is the normalized value for thermal hysteresis. The normalized value of residual pressure represents the ratio of conductor temperature drop hysteresis to thermal hysteresis reference time. This represents the ratio of the residual pressure decay in the pipeline to the baseline residual pressure decay. The constant 1 in the formula is used to avoid a zero denominator and ensures that the effective fire suppression response index equals the concentration establishment normalization value when both the thermal hysteresis normalization value and the residual pressure normalization value are zero. A larger concentration establishment normalization value results in a larger effective fire suppression response index; conversely, a larger thermal hysteresis normalization value or a larger residual pressure normalization value results in a smaller effective fire suppression response index. Therefore, the effective fire suppression response index can use "rapid concentration establishment" as a favorable factor and "delayed temperature reduction" and "abnormal pressure decay" as unfavorable factors, forming a quantitative control basis that is easy for intelligent control modules to execute.

[0019] In a further scheme: During the coupling step, when the effective fire suppression response index is lower than the lower limit threshold, the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is lower than the concentration establishment slope threshold, the conductor temperature drop lag is higher than the thermal lag threshold, and the pipeline pressure residual attenuation is higher than the pressure residual threshold, the fire suppression equipment marks the effective fire suppression response index as a compensation interval. Specifically, the compensation interval indicates that the current carbon dioxide release has not formed a satisfactory fire suppression response, requiring an increase in the target flow rate or a change in the release strategy. An effective fire suppression response index lower than the lower limit threshold indicates insufficient overall fire suppression response; a carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope lower than the concentration establishment slope threshold indicates slow carbon dioxide concentration establishment within the release area; a conductor temperature drop lag higher than the thermal lag threshold indicates that the thermal response of the electrical conductor has not appeared in time; and a pipeline pressure residual attenuation higher than the pressure residual threshold indicates that the current pressure drop exceeds the reference pressure attenuation required for normal release. When all the above conditions are met simultaneously, the intelligent control module marks the effective fire suppression response index as a compensation interval, effectively distinguishing between single sensor anomalies and insufficient actual release response. For example, if the carbon dioxide concentration is insufficient but the residual pressure decay is normal, it may indicate slow gas diffusion; if the residual pressure decay in the pipeline is high but the temperature has already dropped rapidly, the fire extinguishing effect may have already been achieved, and no immediate large-scale compensation is needed. By jointly determining multiple conditions, false compensation and excessive discharge can be reduced.

[0020] In a further proposed solution: During the adjustment process, the compensation increment is generated based on the thermal hysteresis normalization value and the pressure residual normalization value. A larger thermal hysteresis normalization value results in a larger compensation increment, as does a larger pressure residual normalization value. The compensation increment is less than the maximum allowable compensation flow rate. Specifically, the compensation increment is used to increase the carbon dioxide emission rate based on the current actual flow rate. A larger thermal hysteresis normalization value indicates that the electrical conductor temperature has not decreased for a longer period after the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold, indicating insufficient heat suppression from the heat source, requiring a larger compensation increment. A larger pressure residual normalization value indicates that the actual pressure decay exceeds the baseline pressure decay by a greater extent, indicating abnormal pressure supply in the emission pipeline or a decrease in emission capacity, requiring compensation by increasing the target flow rate or increasing the opening of the proportional flow control module. The compensation increment being less than the maximum allowable compensation flow rate prevents the intelligent control module from outputting an excessively large target flow rate in a short period. The maximum allowable compensation flow rate can be determined based on the rated output capacity of the carbon dioxide storage cylinder, the pressure resistance capacity of the emission pipeline, the maximum flow rate of the nozzle, and the upper limit of the allowable concentration in the emission area. The intelligent control module can multiply the thermal hysteresis normalized value and the pressure residual normalized value by their respective weights, sum them up, and then multiply by the compensation reference flow rate to obtain the compensation increment.

[0021] In a further proposed solution: During the adjustment process, when the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope reaches the concentration establishment slope threshold, the residual pressure decay in the pipeline is lower than the residual pressure threshold, and the conductor temperature drop lag is higher than the thermal lag threshold, the fire extinguishing equipment maintains the current target flow rate during the thermal inertia waiting time and recalculates the effective fire extinguishing response index after the thermal inertia waiting time ends. Specifically, when the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope reaches the concentration establishment slope threshold, the residual pressure decay in the pipeline is lower than the residual pressure threshold, and the conductor temperature drop lag is higher than the thermal lag threshold, it indicates that the carbon dioxide concentration establishment is normal, the pipeline pressure supply is not significantly abnormal, and the reason why the electrical conductor temperature has not decreased temporarily may be due to the large heat capacity of the electrical conductor or the lag in heat conduction. At this time, the intelligent control module does not immediately increase the target flow rate but maintains the current target flow rate during the thermal inertia waiting time. The thermal inertia waiting time can be set according to the electrical conductor material, conductor cross-sectional area, connection terminal structure, and historical effective discharge events, for example, it can be 0.5 to 1.5 times the thermal lag reference time. After the thermal inertia waiting time ends, the intelligent control module re-collects carbon dioxide concentration, electrical conductor temperature, pipeline pressure, and actual flow rate, and recalculates the effective fire extinguishing response index. Through thermal inertia waiting, the fire extinguishing equipment can avoid misinterpreting normal thermal hysteresis of electrical conductors as fire extinguishing failure, thereby reducing excessive carbon dioxide release.

[0022] In a further proposed solution: During the adjustment process, when the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is lower than the concentration establishment slope threshold, the residual pipeline pressure decay is lower than the residual pressure threshold, and the conductor temperature lag is higher than the thermal lag threshold, the fire extinguishing equipment adjusts the target flow rate to a segmented incremental flow rate, and re-establishes the same discharge response time window after each incremental flow period. Specifically, when the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is lower than the concentration establishment slope threshold, the residual pipeline pressure decay is lower than the residual pressure threshold, and the conductor temperature lag is higher than the thermal lag threshold, it indicates that the pipeline pressure decay is still within the normal range, and the pressure supply capacity is not significantly abnormal. However, the carbon dioxide concentration in the discharge area is establishing slowly, and the electrical conductor temperature has not dropped in time. This state typically indicates insufficient gas diffusion velocity, inadequate nozzle coverage, or a large discharge area volume. The intelligent control module adjusts the target flow rate to a segmented incremental flow rate, re-establishes the same discharge response time window after each incremental flow period, and then recalculates the effective fire extinguishing response index. The segmented incremental flow rate can be set to multiple levels such as 110%, 125%, and 140% of the current target flow rate, with each segment lasting from 3 to 8 seconds. By increasing the flow rate in segments, the fire extinguishing equipment can gradually increase the intensity of carbon dioxide discharge, avoiding excessively high local concentrations, rapid depletion of storage cylinders, or excessive discharge impact caused by a one-time large-scale increase in flow rate.

[0023] In a further proposed solution, a maintenance step is included after the adjustment step: Once the effective fire response index exceeds the upper limit threshold, the fire suppression equipment switches the target flow rate to a maintenance flow rate and maintains, reduces, or stops carbon dioxide release based on the carbon dioxide concentration maintenance area and the electrical conductor temperature drop rate. Specifically, the maintenance step is used to maintain reignition suppression capability after an effective fire response has been established. An effective fire response index exceeding the upper limit threshold indicates sufficient carbon dioxide concentration establishment, timely conductor temperature reduction, and acceptable residual pressure decay in the pipeline. The fire suppression equipment can then switch the target flow rate from the rapid release phase to the maintenance flow rate. The maintenance flow rate can be less than the target flow rate of the rapid release phase, for example, set to 20% to 50% of the target flow rate of the rapid release phase. The carbon dioxide concentration maintenance area represents the cumulative degree to which the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the reignition suppression concentration during the maintenance release period, and the electrical conductor temperature drop rate represents the magnitude of temperature decrease in the electrical conductor per unit time. If the carbon dioxide concentration holding area continues to increase and the electrical conductor temperature decreases at a stable rate, the intelligent control module reduces the target flow rate; if the carbon dioxide concentration falls below the reignition inhibition concentration or the electrical conductor temperature rises, the intelligent control module maintains or increases the target flow rate; if the carbon dioxide concentration holding area reaches the preset holding area threshold and the electrical conductor temperature falls below the safe temperature threshold, the intelligent control module stops carbon dioxide emission.

[0024] In a further proposed solution, a tuning step follows the maintenance step: the fire extinguishing equipment records discharge events where the effective fire extinguishing response index exceeds the upper limit threshold as valid discharge events, and updates the concentration establishment benchmark slope, thermal hysteresis benchmark duration, pressure residual benchmark attenuation, lower limit threshold, and upper limit threshold of the same discharge area based on these valid discharge events. Specifically, the tuning step is used to gradually align the judgment parameters of the same discharge area with the actual on-site conditions. Different discharge areas differ in volume, ventilation status, nozzle installation location, pipeline length, and electrical conductor heat capacity. If all discharge areas use the same parameters, it can easily lead to an overestimation or underestimation of the effective fire extinguishing response index. Recording discharge events where the effective fire extinguishing response index exceeds the upper limit threshold as valid discharge events indicates that the discharge has achieved a good concentration establishment, thermal response, and pressure state. The intelligent control module can update the concentration establishment benchmark slope, thermal hysteresis benchmark duration, pressure residual benchmark attenuation, lower limit threshold, and upper limit threshold of the same discharge area based on multiple valid discharge events. For example, the intelligent control module can take the average or median value of the corresponding parameters from the most recent three to ten effective discharge events as the updated baseline parameters. Through the tuning process, the fire extinguishing equipment can reduce the error caused by fixed empirical thresholds after multiple actual uses, thereby improving the stability of subsequent discharge control.

[0025] Another solution: A fire extinguishing device that intelligently adjusts the flow rate of the extinguishing medium in electrical fires, comprising:

[0026] Concentration acquisition module, used to acquire carbon dioxide concentration in the emission area;

[0027] Temperature acquisition module, used to acquire the temperature of electrical conductors;

[0028] The pressure and flow acquisition module is used to collect pipeline pressure and actual flow rate;

[0029] The intelligent control module is communicatively connected to the concentration acquisition module, the temperature acquisition module, and the pressure and flow acquisition module. It is used to generate the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope, the conductor temperature drop hysteresis, and the pipeline pressure residual decay within the same discharge response time window, and to generate the effective fire extinguishing response index and the target flow rate.

[0030] The proportional flow rate adjustment module is communicatively connected to the intelligent control module and is used to adjust the carbon dioxide emission flow rate according to the target flow rate.

[0031] Specifically, the aforementioned fire extinguishing equipment forms a complete closed loop through a concentration acquisition module, a temperature acquisition module, a pressure and flow acquisition module, an intelligent control module, and a proportional flow regulation module. The concentration acquisition module collects the carbon dioxide concentration in the discharge area and sends it to the intelligent control module. The temperature acquisition module collects the temperature of the electrical conductor and sends it to the intelligent control module. The pressure and flow acquisition module collects the pipeline pressure and actual flow rate in the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline and sends them to the intelligent control module. Within the same discharge response time window, the intelligent control module generates the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope, the conductor temperature fallback lag, and the pipeline pressure residual attenuation, and then generates the effective fire extinguishing response index and the target flow rate. The proportional flow regulation module adjusts the carbon dioxide discharge flow rate according to the target flow rate. These modules are connected by a signal flow, ensuring that every input participates in subsequent calculations and every output is used to control the carbon dioxide discharge, avoiding unrelated configurations between modules.

[0032] In a further embodiment: the intelligent control module includes a response window establishment unit, a concentration slope calculation unit, a thermal hysteresis calculation unit, a residual attenuation calculation unit, and an index generation unit. The response window establishment unit establishes the same discharge response time window; the concentration slope calculation unit generates a carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope; the thermal hysteresis calculation unit generates a conductor temperature drop hysteresis; the residual attenuation calculation unit generates a pipeline pressure residual attenuation; and the index generation unit generates an effective fire extinguishing response index. Specifically, the response window establishment unit in the intelligent control module is used to determine the start and end points of the same discharge response time window. The concentration slope calculation unit receives the carbon dioxide concentration and generates a carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope based on the net increase in carbon dioxide concentration within the same discharge response time window and the length of the same discharge response time window. The thermal hysteresis calculation unit receives the electrical conductor temperature and generates a conductor temperature drop hysteresis based on the moment when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold and the moment when the electrical conductor temperature shows a downward inflection point. The residual attenuation calculation unit receives the pipeline pressure and actual flow rate and generates a pipeline pressure residual attenuation based on the reference pressure attenuation. The index generation unit receives the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope, conductor temperature drop hysteresis, and pipeline pressure residual decay, and generates an effective fire extinguishing response index. Through the division of labor among these units, the intelligent control module can complete the processing flow of "window establishment—slope—hysteresis—residual decay—index" in a fixed sequence, facilitating software program implementation and subsequent fault location.

[0033] In a further proposed solution: the pressure and flow acquisition module includes a pressure sensor and a flow sensor; the pressure sensor acquires the pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline; the flow sensor acquires the actual flow rate of the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline. Specifically, the pressure and flow acquisition module can be implemented using a combination of pressure and flow sensors. The pressure sensor is installed on the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline, either upstream of the proportional flow control module, downstream of the proportional flow control module, or upstream of the nozzle, preferably at a location that reflects the actual pressure supply status of the discharge pipeline. The flow sensor is installed on the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline to acquire the actual flow rate. The actual flow rate is used both to establish the starting point of the same discharge response time window and to query the preset pressure decay mapping table and generate the target flow rate. The sampling period of the pressure and flow sensors can be consistent with that of the concentration and temperature acquisition modules, or it can be time-synchronized by the intelligent control module. Through the joint acquisition by the pressure and flow sensors, the fire extinguishing equipment can distinguish between different states such as "the valve is open but the flow is insufficient," "the flow is normal but the pressure drops abnormally," and "the pressure drop is normal discharge consumption."

[0034] In a further embodiment: the proportional flow regulation module includes an electrically controlled proportional valve and a valve position feedback unit; the electrically controlled proportional valve receives the flow control signal output by the intelligent control module; the valve position feedback unit acquires the opening degree of the electrically controlled proportional valve and feeds it back to the intelligent control module. Specifically, the proportional flow regulation module can be implemented using a combination of an electrically controlled proportional valve and a valve position feedback unit. The electrically controlled proportional valve receives the flow control signal output by the intelligent control module and changes the opening degree of the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline according to the flow control signal. The valve position feedback unit acquires the opening degree of the electrically controlled proportional valve and feeds it back to the intelligent control module. The intelligent control module can convert the target flow rate into the corresponding electrically controlled proportional valve opening degree, and then determine whether the electrically controlled proportional valve has reached the target opening degree through the valve position feedback unit. If there is a deviation between the feedback value of the electrically controlled proportional valve opening degree and the target opening degree, the intelligent control module can output a corrected flow control signal. Through the valve position feedback unit, the fire extinguishing equipment can determine whether the proportional flow regulation module has executed correctly, avoiding discrepancies between the target flow rate and the actual discharge flow rate due to valve jamming, insufficient drive, or abnormal control signals.

[0035] In a further embodiment, the intelligent control module includes a pressure mapping unit. This unit queries a preset pressure attenuation mapping table based on the actual flow rate, the opening degree of the proportional flow control module, and the discharge duration, and generates a reference pressure attenuation. Specifically, the pressure mapping unit generates the reference pressure attenuation. The preset pressure attenuation mapping table can be stored in the memory of the intelligent control module, recording the correspondence between the actual flow rate, the opening degree of the proportional flow control module, the discharge duration, and the reference pressure attenuation. During the actual discharge process, the pressure mapping unit determines the query position based on the current actual flow rate, the opening degree of the proportional flow control module, and the discharge duration, and reads the corresponding reference pressure attenuation. If the current actual flow rate, the opening degree of the proportional flow control module, and the discharge duration are between two mapping points, the pressure mapping unit can obtain the reference pressure attenuation using linear interpolation. Through the pressure mapping unit, the residual pressure attenuation in the pipeline is no longer equivalent to the pipeline pressure drop itself, but rather represents the portion of the actual pressure attenuation that exceeds the normal pressure attenuation, thereby improving the accuracy of pressure anomaly detection.

[0036] In a further proposed solution, the intelligent control module includes a thermal inertia waiting unit. This unit maintains the current target flow rate and delays the output of compensation increments when the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope reaches a threshold, the residual pressure decay in the pipeline is lower than a pressure residual threshold, and the conductor temperature lag is higher than a thermal lag threshold. Specifically, the thermal inertia waiting unit handles situations where the electrical conductor temperature lags but the carbon dioxide concentration and pipeline pressure are normal. When the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope reaches the threshold, it indicates that the carbon dioxide concentration in the discharge area has been established as expected; the residual pressure decay in the pipeline is lower than the pressure residual threshold, indicating that there is no significant abnormality in the pipeline pressure supply; and the conductor temperature lag is higher than the thermal lag threshold, indicating that the electrical conductor temperature has not yet decreased in time. If the compensation increment is increased immediately at this time, the normal lag caused by the thermal capacity of the electrical conductor itself may be misjudged as insufficient discharge. The thermal inertia waiting unit maintains the current target flow rate and delays the output of compensation increments, recalculating the effective fire suppression response index after the thermal inertia waiting time has ended. This process allows fire extinguishing equipment to balance fire extinguishing safety and carbon dioxide usage control, reducing unnecessary high-flow-rate compensation.

[0037] A further solution includes a zoning parameter module, which communicates with the intelligent control module. This module is used to establish a baseline slope, thermal hysteresis baseline duration, residual pressure baseline attenuation, lower limit threshold, and upper limit threshold based on the concentration stored according to the emission area identifier. Specifically, the zoning parameter module stores the index parameters corresponding to different emission areas. An emission area identifier can correspond to a distribution cabinet, cable trench section, energy storage electrical compartment, charging equipment compartment, or electrical equipment room. The zoning parameter module stores the baseline slope, thermal hysteresis baseline duration, residual pressure baseline attenuation, lower limit threshold, and upper limit threshold based on the concentration stored according to the emission area identifier. The concentration establishment baseline slope is used to determine whether the carbon dioxide concentration has reached the normal level for that emission area; the thermal hysteresis baseline duration is used to determine whether the temperature drop of the electrical conductor is too slow; and the residual pressure baseline attenuation is used to determine whether the abnormal pressure drop in the pipeline exceeds the normal range for that emission area. Through the zoning parameter module, the intelligent control module can use differentiated parameters for different emission areas, avoiding misjudgments caused by using the same judgment standard for small-volume and large-volume emission areas.

[0038] A further solution includes an event tuning module, which communicates with the intelligent control module. This module records the effective fire extinguishing response index, carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope, conductor temperature drop hysteresis, residual pipeline pressure decay, target flow rate, and actual flow rate. It also updates the index parameters for the same discharge area based on effective discharge events. Specifically, the event tuning module records key data during the discharge process and updates the index parameters for the same discharge area. The effective fire extinguishing response index, carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope, conductor temperature drop hysteresis, residual pipeline pressure decay, target flow rate, and actual flow rate recorded by the event tuning module can be used to review whether a discharge event resulted in an effective fire extinguishing response. An effective discharge event can be defined as a discharge event where the effective fire extinguishing response index is higher than the upper limit threshold, the electrical conductor temperature drops below the safe temperature threshold, and no temperature or smoke rise occurs during the discharge period. The intelligent control module updates the index parameters for the same discharge area based on multiple effective discharge events, such as updating the concentration build-up baseline slope, thermal hysteresis baseline duration, residual pressure decay baseline, lower limit threshold, and upper limit threshold. Through the event tuning module, fire extinguishing equipment can gradually adapt to the on-site discharge pipeline conditions and the thermal characteristics of electrical equipment during long-term operation, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent control and the sufficiency of disclosure in the authorized text.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0040] This invention, upon the occurrence of an electrical fire trigger signal, initiates carbon dioxide release by the fire extinguishing equipment and establishes a unified release response time window. This ensures that carbon dioxide concentration, electrical conductor temperature, pipeline pressure, and actual flow rate are collected and processed under a unified time reference, avoiding misjudgments of the release status caused by inconsistent sampling times of different signals. By calculating the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope, conductor temperature drop lag, and pipeline pressure residual attenuation within the same release response time window, the fire extinguishing equipment can separately obtain the carbon dioxide concentration build-up rate, electrical conductor thermal response lag, and abnormal pipeline pressure attenuation within the release area, thus controlling the release rather than solely relying on temperature, smoke, or pressure signals.

[0041] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing equipment uses the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope as a positive term and the conductor temperature drop lag and pipeline pressure residual decay as negative terms to generate an effective fire extinguishing response index. A higher carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope indicates that the extinguishing medium concentration is formed more quickly in the discharge area; a greater conductor temperature drop lag indicates a less sufficient thermal response in the electrical conductor; and a greater pipeline pressure residual decay indicates a higher degree of abnormality in the actual pressure decay relative to normal discharge decay. Through the coupling of these positive and negative terms, the fire extinguishing equipment can distinguish between different situations such as "discharge has occurred but concentration build-up is insufficient," "concentration has been established but the thermal inertia of the electrical conductor has not yet been released," and "abnormal pipeline pressure supply," thus improving the accuracy of carbon dioxide discharge control judgment.

[0042] When the effective fire response index falls within the compensation range, the fire extinguishing equipment generates a target flow rate based on the actual flow rate and the compensation increment, and adjusts the proportional flow control module according to the target flow rate, so that the carbon dioxide release can be dynamically corrected according to the current release effect. Since the target flow rate is not a fixed preset value, but is obtained by combining the actual flow rate and the compensation increment, it can increase the output of the extinguishing medium when the release is insufficient, and avoid continuous high-flow release after the release response has been established, thus taking into account the reliability of fire extinguishing, the ability to suppress reignition, and the energy-saving effect of carbon dioxide extinguishing medium. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method steps of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of the fire extinguishing device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides a method and equipment for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires. The extinguishing equipment is suitable for discharge areas such as distribution cabinets, cable trenches, energy storage electrical compartments, charging equipment compartments, or electrical equipment rooms. The extinguishing equipment uses carbon dioxide as the extinguishing medium and utilizes carbon dioxide concentration, electrical conductor temperature, pipeline pressure, and actual flow rate to jointly determine whether an effective extinguishing response has been formed within the discharge area after carbon dioxide discharge, and adjusts the proportional flow rate adjustment module accordingly. Unlike methods that discharge carbon dioxide at a fixed discharge volume, this embodiment does not simply increase the flow rate based on temperature rise. Instead, it first determines whether a carbon dioxide concentration has been established, whether the electrical conductor temperature has decreased as the carbon dioxide concentration has increased, and whether the pipeline pressure decay exceeds the normal discharge decay, and then generates a target flow rate based on the determination results.

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, the signal flow diagram of the method execution steps includes a triggering step, a sampling step, a quantization step, a coupling step, and an adjustment step. In the triggering step, the fire extinguishing equipment starts carbon dioxide discharge after the electrical fire trigger signal appears, and establishes the same discharge response time window. The electrical fire trigger signal can be formed by at least one of the following: residual current abnormality, insulation abnormality signal, electrical conductor temperature exceeding the warning temperature threshold, and smoke concentration exceeding the warning smoke threshold. To ensure that the discharge response time window has a clear start and end point, the intelligent control module can take the moment when the actual flow rate first exceeds the minimum effective flow rate threshold as the start point of the discharge response time window, and the moment when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold and the electrical conductor temperature shows a downward inflection point as the end point of the discharge response time window. The minimum effective flow rate threshold can be set to 5% to 10% of the rated flow rate of the proportional flow regulation module to eliminate the brief fluctuation when the valve is just opened but the carbon dioxide has not yet formed an effective discharge.

[0048] During the sampling process, the fire extinguishing equipment collects carbon dioxide concentration, electrical conductor temperature, pipeline pressure, and actual flow rate within the same discharge response time window. Carbon dioxide concentration is collected by a concentration acquisition module, which can employ a non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide concentration sensor. This sensor is installed in a location within the discharge area where gas tends to accumulate but is not directly facing the nozzle, to reduce instantaneous errors caused by high-speed airflow impact. Electrical conductor temperature is collected by a temperature acquisition module, which can use a patch-type temperature sensor or an infrared temperature sensor. The sensor collects data from busbars, terminals, cable joints, or other conductive connections with a high risk of overheating. Pipeline pressure and actual flow rate are collected by a pressure and flow rate acquisition module, which may include a pressure sensor and a flow sensor. The pressure sensor is installed on the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline, and the flow sensor is also installed on the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline. The sampling period can be set from 0.1 seconds to 1 second, and the discharge response time window length can be set from 3 seconds to 30 seconds. The specific values ​​can be determined based on the volume of the discharge area and the length of the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline.

[0049] In the quantification step, the fire extinguishing equipment calculates the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope, the conductor temperature drop hysteresis, and the residual pressure decay in the pipeline. The carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope indicates the rate of increase in carbon dioxide concentration within the same discharge response time window; a larger slope indicates that carbon dioxide reaches a concentration level sufficient to suppress combustion more quickly. The carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope is obtained from the following formula:

[0050] ;

[0051] Among them, the slope of concentration establishment This indicates the rate of carbon dioxide concentration build-up within the same ejection response time window, and the final carbon dioxide concentration. This indicates the carbon dioxide concentration collected at the end of the emission response time window, and the initial carbon dioxide concentration. This indicates the carbon dioxide concentration collected at the beginning of the emission response time window and the end time. This indicates the time corresponding to the end of the discharge response time window and the time corresponding to the start of the discharge response. This indicates the time corresponding to the start of the discharge response time window.

[0052] The conductor temperature lag is used to represent the time lag before the temperature of an electrical conductor decreases after the carbon dioxide concentration has risen to the concentration response threshold. If carbon dioxide has effectively entered the discharge area but the temperature of the electrical conductor does not decrease for a long time, it indicates that the thermal inertia of the fire source is large, there is still heat accumulation inside the conductor, or the carbon dioxide has not effectively covered the heat-generating parts. The conductor temperature lag is obtained by the following formula:

[0053] ;

[0054] Among them, the conductor temperature drop hysteresis This indicates the lag time after the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold, at which the temperature of the electrical conductor begins to decrease, and the time of the temperature decrease inflection point. This indicates the moment when the temperature of an electrical conductor changes from rising or stabilizing to a continuous decrease, and the moment when the concentration reaches the standard. The function represents the moment when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold. Indicates taking and The larger value in the range. When the inflection point of the electrical conductor temperature decreases earlier than the moment when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold, the conductor temperature hysteresis. Pick .

[0055] The residual pressure decay in the pipeline is used to distinguish between pressure drops caused by normal discharge and abnormal pressure loss. During actual discharge, the pipeline pressure naturally decreases due to the outflow of carbon dioxide. Directly increasing the target flow rate based on this pressure drop could easily misjudge normal discharge as insufficient pressure. This implementation first queries a preset pressure decay mapping table based on the actual flow rate, the opening degree of the proportional flow control module, and the discharge duration to obtain the baseline pressure decay. Then, the baseline pressure decay is subtracted from the actual pressure decay to obtain the residual pressure decay in the pipeline. The residual pressure decay in the pipeline is obtained using the following formula:

[0056] ;

[0057] Among them, the residual pressure attenuation in the pipeline This represents the portion of the actual pressure decrease that exceeds the reference pressure decrease, at the starting point of the pipeline pressure. This represents the pipeline pressure collected at the beginning of the discharge response time window and the pipeline pressure at the end of the time window. This represents the pipeline pressure collected at the end of the discharge response time window, and the amount of pressure decay at the reference pressure. Indicates the actual flow proportional flow rate control module opening and discharge duration The normal pressure decay value obtained by querying the preset pressure decay mapping table is the actual flow rate. This represents the average flow rate collected by the flow sensor within the same discharge response time window, and the opening degree of the proportional flow control module. This indicates the average opening degree of the electronically controlled proportional valve within the same discharge response time window, and the discharge duration. This indicates the length of the ejection response time window.

[0058] In the coupling step, the fire extinguishing equipment uses the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope as the positive term and the conductor temperature drop hysteresis and pipeline pressure residual attenuation as the negative terms to generate the effective fire extinguishing response index. The positive term represents the degree of fire extinguishing environment establishment, and the negative term represents the degree of ineffective fire extinguishing or abnormal discharge capacity. The effective fire extinguishing response index is obtained by the following formula:

[0059] ;

[0060] Among them, the effective fire extinguishing response index This indicates the degree of effective fire suppression response of carbon dioxide within the same discharge response time window, and a normalized concentration value is established. This represents the ratio of the slope established for carbon dioxide concentration to the baseline slope established for concentration, and is the normalized value for thermal hysteresis. The normalized value of residual pressure represents the ratio of conductor temperature drop hysteresis to thermal hysteresis reference time. This represents the ratio of residual pressure decay in the pipeline to the baseline residual pressure decay. Effective fire extinguishing response index. The higher the value, the more fully the carbon dioxide concentration is established, the more promptly the conductor temperature drops, and the smaller the abnormal pressure drop in the pipeline; Effective Fire Extinguishing Response Index The smaller the value, the more necessary it is to consider compensation for the discharge.

[0061] To ensure data comparability across different emission zones, initial concentrations, and pipeline conditions, the intelligent control module normalizes the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope, conductor temperature hysteresis, and residual pipeline pressure decay. The normalized concentration build-up value is obtained using the following formula:

[0062] ;

[0063] Among them, the concentration is established as a normalized value. The slope of concentration establishment represents the ratio of the slope established for carbon dioxide concentration to the baseline slope established for concentration establishment. This indicates the rate of carbon dioxide concentration buildup within the same emission response time window, and the baseline slope for concentration buildup. This indicates the rate at which the baseline concentration is established within the same discharge area during a valid discharge event.

[0064] The normalized value of thermal hysteresis is obtained by the following formula:

[0065] ;

[0066] Among them, the thermal hysteresis normalization value The conductor temperature fallback hysteresis is the ratio of the conductor temperature fallback hysteresis to the thermal hysteresis reference time. The thermal hysteresis reference time represents the time lag before the temperature of an electrical conductor decreases after the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold. This indicates the baseline temperature drop lag time recorded in a valid discharge event for the same discharge area.

[0067] The normalized value of the residual pressure is obtained by the following formula:

[0068] ;

[0069] Among them, the pressure residual normalized value This represents the ratio of the residual pressure decay in the pipeline to the residual pressure reference decay. This represents the portion of the actual pressure decrease that exceeds the reference pressure decrease; the residual reference pressure decrease. This represents the baseline residual pressure decay recorded in the same discharge area during an effective discharge event.

[0070] During the adjustment process, when the effective fire extinguishing response index falls within the compensation range, the fire extinguishing equipment generates a target flow rate based on the actual flow rate and the compensation increment, and adjusts the proportional flow control module according to the target flow rate. The compensation range can be set as the range where the effective fire extinguishing response index is lower than the lower limit threshold, the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is lower than the concentration establishment slope threshold, the conductor temperature drop hysteresis is higher than the thermal hysteresis threshold, and the pipeline pressure residual attenuation is higher than the pressure residual threshold. The target flow rate is obtained by the following formula:

[0071] ;

[0072] Among them, target traffic This indicates the flow setpoint output by the intelligent control module to the proportional flow regulation module, and the actual flow rate. This represents the average flow rate collected by the flow sensor within the same discharge response time window, with compensation increments. This represents the maximum allowable compensated flow rate, calculated based on the flow rate increase generated by the thermal hysteresis normalization value and the pressure residual normalization value. The function represents the maximum allowable target flow rate in the discharge area. Indicates taking and The smaller value in the range.

[0073] The compensation increment is obtained by the following formula:

[0074] ;

[0075] Among them, the compensation increment This represents the additional flow rate added to the current actual flow rate, compensating for the baseline flow rate. This represents the preset compensation calculation baseline for the same discharge area, with thermal hysteresis weight. The coefficient representing the influence of conductor temperature drop hysteresis on the compensation increment, and the pressure residual weight. The coefficient representing the influence of residual pressure attenuation in the pipeline on the compensation increment, and the normalized value of thermal hysteresis. The normalized value of residual pressure represents the proportion of conductor temperature drop hysteresis relative to the thermal hysteresis reference time. This represents the ratio of the residual pressure decay in the pipeline to the residual pressure reference decay. Thermal hysteresis weight. and residual pressure weight The thermal hysteresis weight can be preset based on the heat capacity of the electrical conductors in the discharge area and the length of the discharge pipeline. Take 0.6, residual pressure weight Take 0.4.

[0076] For ease of implementation, the intelligent control module can be configured with parameters according to Table 1. The values ​​in Table 1 are optional examples; in actual applications, they can be adjusted based on the effective volume of the discharge area, pipeline length, carbon dioxide storage cylinder specifications, and the thermal capacity of the electrical conductors.

[0077] Parameter name Selectable value range effect Minimum effective flow threshold 5% to 10% of the rated flow rate Determine the start point of the discharge response time window Concentration response threshold 6% to 15% by volume Determining whether carbon dioxide concentration has been established Ejection response time window length 3 seconds to 30 seconds Limiting the sampling range of classmates Thermal hysteresis reference time 2 seconds to 20 seconds Calculate the normalized value of thermal hysteresis Pressure residual reference attenuation 3% to 15% of the rated pipeline pressure Calculate the normalized value of residual pressure Exponential lower limit threshold 0.4 to 0.8 Determine whether it has entered the compensation range Exponential upper limit threshold 1.0 to 1.5 Determine whether to enter sustain discharge mode Maximum allowable compensation flow 120% to 180% of rated flow rate Limit target traffic limit

[0078] If the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope has reached the concentration establishment slope threshold, and the residual pressure decay in the pipeline is lower than the residual pressure threshold, but the conductor temperature drop lag is still higher than the thermal lag threshold, the intelligent control module does not immediately increase the compensation increment. Instead, it maintains the current target flow rate during the thermal inertia waiting time. This process is used to avoid erroneous compensation when the thermal capacity of the electrical conductor is large. The thermal inertia waiting time can be set to 0.5 to 1.5 times the thermal lag reference time. After the thermal inertia waiting time ends, the intelligent control module re-establishes the same discharge response time window and recalculates the effective fire extinguishing response index. If the recalculated effective fire extinguishing response index is still lower than the lower limit threshold, then the compensation increment is output.

[0079] If the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope is lower than the concentration build-up slope threshold, and the residual pressure decay in the pipeline is lower than the residual pressure threshold, but the conductor temperature drop lag is higher than the thermal lag threshold, the intelligent control module determines that the carbon dioxide supply pressure is not significantly abnormal. The main problem may be slow gas diffusion in the discharge area or insufficient nozzle coverage. In this case, the intelligent control module adjusts the target flow rate to a segmented incremental flow rate instead of a one-time large increase. The segmented incremental flow rate can be set to three increments of 110%, 125%, and 140% of the current target flow rate, with each segment lasting 3 to 8 seconds. After each segment, the same discharge response time window is re-established, and the effective extinguishing response index is recalculated. This can reduce excessive carbon dioxide discharge while ensuring the extinguishing effect.

[0080] When the effective fire suppression response index exceeds the upper limit threshold, the intelligent control module switches the target flow rate to the maintenance flow rate. The maintenance flow rate can be set to 20% to 50% of the rapid charge flow rate. During the maintenance discharge, the intelligent control module continues to collect carbon dioxide concentration and electrical conductor temperature, and determines whether to maintain, reduce, or stop the carbon dioxide discharge based on the carbon dioxide concentration maintenance area and the electrical conductor temperature decrease rate. The carbon dioxide concentration maintenance area can be understood as the cumulative degree to which the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the reignition suppression concentration during the maintenance discharge, and the electrical conductor temperature decrease rate can be understood as the magnitude of the decrease in electrical conductor temperature per unit time. If the carbon dioxide concentration remains higher than the reignition suppression concentration and the electrical conductor temperature decrease rate is stable, the intelligent control module reduces the target flow rate; if the carbon dioxide concentration falls below the reignition suppression concentration or the electrical conductor temperature rebounds, the intelligent control module maintains or increases the target flow rate; if the carbon dioxide concentration maintenance area reaches the preset maintenance area threshold and the electrical conductor temperature falls below the safe temperature threshold, the intelligent control module stops the carbon dioxide discharge.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown in the schematic diagram, the overall system structure includes a concentration acquisition module, a temperature acquisition module, a pressure and flow acquisition module, an intelligent control module, and a proportional flow regulation module. The concentration acquisition module sends the carbon dioxide concentration to the intelligent control module, the temperature acquisition module sends the electrical conductor temperature, and the pressure and flow acquisition module sends the pipeline pressure and actual flow rate. The intelligent control module generates a target flow rate based on the input signals and sends it to the proportional flow regulation module. The proportional flow regulation module adjusts the carbon dioxide release flow rate according to the target flow rate, and the actual flow rate after release is then fed back to the intelligent control module by the pressure and flow acquisition module, forming a closed loop.

[0082] The intelligent control module can consist of an embedded processor, memory, an analog input interface, a digital input interface, and a valve control output interface. The embedded processor performs tasks such as response window establishment, concentration slope calculation, thermal hysteresis calculation, residual decay calculation, exponential generation, pressure mapping, and thermal inertia waiting. The memory stores preset pressure decay mapping tables, partition parameters, effective release events, and threshold parameters. The analog input interface receives carbon dioxide concentration, electrical conductor temperature, pipeline pressure, and actual flow rate. The valve control output interface outputs flow control signals to the proportional flow control module. The proportional flow control module may include an electrically controlled proportional valve and a valve position feedback unit. The electrically controlled proportional valve changes the opening of the carbon dioxide release channel according to the flow control signal, and the valve position feedback unit feeds back the opening of the electrically controlled proportional valve to the intelligent control module.

[0083] Figure 2 The response window establishment unit is used to establish the same discharge response time window based on the moment when the actual flow rate first exceeds the minimum effective flow rate threshold. The concentration slope calculation unit is used to calculate the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope. The thermal hysteresis calculation unit is used to calculate the conductor temperature drop hysteresis. The residual attenuation calculation unit first calculates the actual pressure attenuation based on the pipeline pressure, then queries the reference pressure attenuation through the pressure mapping unit, and finally obtains the pipeline pressure residual attenuation. The index generation unit is used to generate an effective fire suppression response index based on the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope, the conductor temperature drop hysteresis, and the pipeline pressure residual attenuation. The thermal inertia waiting unit is used to delay the output of compensation increments when the carbon dioxide concentration is established normally and the pipeline pressure residual attenuation is normal, but the conductor temperature has not yet dropped in time, in order to reduce the risk of excessive discharge.

[0084] The pressure mapping unit uses a preset pressure decay mapping table. This preset pressure decay mapping table can be established through factory calibration or on-site commissioning. The establishment method is as follows: Under no-fire conditions, different opening degrees of the proportional flow control module are set, and the normal pipeline pressure drop values ​​corresponding to different actual flow rates and different discharge durations are recorded, forming a mapping relationship between actual flow rate, proportional flow control module opening degree, discharge duration, and reference pressure decay. Table 2 provides a simplified example.

[0085] Actual traffic range proportional flow control module opening range Ejection duration range Reference pressure attenuation low flow range Small opening range 3 to 8 seconds First reference attenuation Medium flow range Medium opening range 3 to 8 seconds Second reference attenuation High flow range Large opening range 3 to 8 seconds Third reference attenuation Medium flow range Medium opening range 8 to 15 seconds Fourth reference attenuation High flow range Large opening range 8 to 15 seconds Fifth reference attenuation

[0086] In practical use, the intelligent control module first determines the mapping position based on the current actual flow rate, the opening degree of the proportional flow adjustment module, and the duration of the discharge, and then reads the corresponding reference pressure decay. If the actual pressure decay is significantly greater than the reference pressure decay, the residual decay calculation unit outputs a larger residual pipeline pressure decay, indicating that there may be insufficient cylinder pressure, pipeline blockage, pipeline leakage, or abnormal valve response in the carbon dioxide supply. If the actual pressure decay is close to the reference pressure decay, the residual decay calculation unit outputs a smaller residual pipeline pressure decay, indicating that the current pressure drop mainly comes from normal discharge consumption.

[0087] Figure 2 The zone parameter module stores the concentration establishment benchmark slope, thermal hysteresis benchmark duration, pressure residual benchmark attenuation, lower limit threshold, and upper limit threshold of the index according to the discharge zone identifier. Different discharge zones have different volumes, ventilation conditions, nozzle positions, and electrical conductor heat capacities; directly using the same set of parameters can easily lead to misjudgments. The zone parameter module enables the intelligent control module to apply different effective fire suppression response judgment criteria for different discharge zones. The event tuning module records the effective fire suppression response index, carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope, conductor temperature drop hysteresis, pipeline pressure residual attenuation, target flow rate, and actual flow rate. If, during a discharge event, the effective fire suppression response index is higher than the upper limit threshold and the electrical conductor temperature drops below the safe temperature threshold, the event tuning module records the discharge event as a valid discharge event. The intelligent control module can update the concentration establishment benchmark slope, thermal hysteresis benchmark duration, and pressure residual benchmark attenuation for the same discharge zone based on the average or median value of multiple valid discharge events, gradually aligning the parameters with the on-site pipelines and discharge space.

[0088] The technical mechanism of this implementation is that the effectiveness of carbon dioxide extinguishing in electrical fires is not equivalent to the valve being open or the flow rate being detected in the pipeline. If the carbon dioxide concentration in the discharge area rises slowly, even if there is flow in the pipeline, it may not be able to quickly form an extinguishing concentration. If the carbon dioxide concentration has reached the concentration response threshold, but the temperature of the electrical conductor does not drop for a long time, it indicates that the heat of the electrical conductor has not been effectively suppressed. If the pipeline pressure drops beyond the reference pressure attenuation required for normal discharge, it indicates that the discharge capacity may be abnormal. The effective extinguishing response index compares the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope, the electrical conductor temperature drop lag, and the residual pipeline pressure attenuation within the same discharge response time window. This allows for the differentiation of different states, such as "discharge has been carried out but no effective extinguishing response has been formed," "extinguishing concentration has been formed but thermal inertia has not yet been released," and "abnormal pressure supply leading to insufficient discharge capacity," thereby making the adjustment basis of the proportional flow control module more accurate.

[0089] Therefore, this implementation method can rapidly establish a carbon dioxide extinguishing concentration in the early stages of an electrical fire and avoid blindly stopping spraying before the temperature of the electrical conductor has dropped. Simultaneously, by subtracting normal pressure decay from residual pressure decay in the pipeline, it avoids misjudging normal discharge consumption as pressure anomalies. Compared to fixed-flow discharge, this implementation method reduces carbon dioxide waste. Furthermore, compared to simply adjusting the flow rate based on temperature, smoke, or pressure thresholds, this implementation method can perform closed-loop judgment based on concentration establishment, thermal response hysteresis, and abnormal pressure decay within the same discharge response time window, improving the reliability of electrical fire extinguishing and the ability to suppress reignition.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Triggering steps: The fire extinguishing equipment starts releasing carbon dioxide after the electrical fire trigger signal appears, and establishes the same release response time window; Sampling procedure: The fire extinguishing equipment collects carbon dioxide concentration, electrical conductor temperature, pipeline pressure, and actual flow rate within the same discharge response time window; Quantification steps: Calculate the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope, conductor temperature drop hysteresis, and pipeline pressure residual attenuation of the fire extinguishing equipment; Coupling steps: The fire extinguishing equipment uses the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope as the positive term and the conductor temperature drop hysteresis and pipeline pressure residual attenuation as the negative terms to generate an effective fire extinguishing response index. Adjustment steps: When the effective fire extinguishing response index falls within the compensation range, the fire extinguishing equipment generates a target flow rate based on the actual flow rate and the compensation increment, and adjusts the proportional flow adjustment module according to the target flow rate.

2. The method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the triggering step: the starting point of the same discharge response time window is the moment when the actual flow rate first exceeds the minimum effective flow rate threshold, and the ending point of the same discharge response time window is the confirmation moment after the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold and the electrical conductor temperature shows a downward inflection point. In the quantification step: the slope for establishing carbon dioxide concentration is obtained by dividing the net increment of carbon dioxide concentration within the same emission response time window by the length of the same emission response time window; the net increment of carbon dioxide concentration is the difference between the endpoint carbon dioxide concentration and the starting carbon dioxide concentration.

3. The method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the quantification process: The conductor temperature drop lag is the time difference between the moment when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold and the moment when the electrical conductor temperature drops to an inflection point; when the inflection point of the electrical conductor temperature drops earlier than the moment when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the concentration response threshold, the conductor temperature drop lag is recorded as zero. The residual pressure decay in the pipeline is obtained by subtracting the actual pressure decay from the reference pressure decay. The reference pressure decay is obtained by querying a preset pressure decay mapping table based on the actual flow rate, the opening degree of the proportional flow rate adjustment module, and the discharge duration.

4. The method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the coupling step: The effective fire extinguishing response index is obtained by the following formula: ； In the formula, the effective fire extinguishing response index is... This indicates the degree of effective fire suppression response of carbon dioxide within the same discharge response time window, and a normalized concentration value is established. This represents the ratio of the slope established for carbon dioxide concentration to the baseline slope established for concentration, and is the normalized value for thermal hysteresis. The normalized value of residual pressure represents the ratio of conductor temperature drop hysteresis to thermal hysteresis reference time. This represents the ratio of the residual pressure decay in the pipeline to the residual reference pressure decay. When the effective fire extinguishing response index is lower than the lower limit threshold, the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is lower than the concentration establishment slope threshold, the conductor temperature drop hysteresis is higher than the thermal hysteresis threshold, and the pipeline pressure residual attenuation is higher than the pressure residual threshold, the fire extinguishing equipment will mark the effective fire extinguishing response index as the compensation range.

5. The method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires according to claim 4, characterized in that, During the adjustment process: The compensation increment is generated based on the thermal hysteresis normalization value and the pressure residual normalization value. The larger the thermal hysteresis normalization value, the larger the compensation increment. The larger the pressure residual normalization value, the larger the compensation increment. The compensation increment is less than the maximum allowable compensation flow rate. When the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope reaches the concentration establishment slope threshold, the pipeline pressure residual decay is lower than the pressure residual threshold, and the conductor temperature drop lag is higher than the thermal lag threshold, the fire extinguishing equipment maintains the current target flow rate during the thermal inertia waiting time and recalculates the effective fire extinguishing response index after the thermal inertia waiting time ends. When the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope is lower than the concentration establishment slope threshold, the pipeline pressure residual decay is lower than the pressure residual threshold, and the conductor temperature drop hysteresis is higher than the thermal hysteresis threshold, the fire extinguishing equipment will adjust the target flow rate to a segmented incremental flow rate and re-establish the same discharge response time window after each incremental flow rate segment ends.

6. The method for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adjustment steps also include: Maintenance steps: After the effective fire response index is higher than the upper limit threshold, the fire extinguishing equipment switches the target flow rate to the maintenance flow rate, and maintains, reduces or stops the carbon dioxide release based on the carbon dioxide concentration maintenance area and the rate of temperature drop of the electrical conductor. The setting steps are as follows: The fire extinguishing equipment records the discharge events in which the effective fire extinguishing response index is higher than the upper limit threshold as effective discharge events, and updates the baseline slope, thermal hysteresis baseline duration, pressure residual baseline attenuation, lower limit threshold, and upper limit threshold of the index in the same discharge area based on the effective discharge events.

7. A fire extinguishing device for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires, characterized in that, include: Concentration acquisition module, used to acquire carbon dioxide concentration in the emission area; Temperature acquisition module, used to acquire the temperature of electrical conductors; The pressure and flow acquisition module is used to collect pipeline pressure and actual flow rate; The intelligent control module is communicatively connected to the concentration acquisition module, the temperature acquisition module, and the pressure and flow acquisition module. It is used to generate the carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope, the conductor temperature drop hysteresis, and the pipeline pressure residual decay within the same discharge response time window, and to generate the effective fire extinguishing response index and the target flow rate. The proportional flow rate adjustment module is communicatively connected to the intelligent control module and is used to adjust the carbon dioxide emission flow rate according to the target flow rate.

8. The fire extinguishing device for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing equipment also includes: The partition parameter module communicates with the intelligent control module and is used to establish the baseline slope, thermal hysteresis baseline duration, pressure residual baseline attenuation, lower limit threshold of the index, and upper limit threshold of the index according to the concentration stored by the emission area identifier. The event tuning module communicates with the intelligent control module and is used to record the effective fire extinguishing response index, carbon dioxide concentration build-up slope, conductor temperature drop hysteresis, pipeline pressure residual attenuation, target flow rate and actual flow rate, and update the index parameters of the same discharge area according to the effective discharge events.

9. The fire extinguishing device for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent control module includes a response window establishment unit, a concentration slope calculation unit, a thermal hysteresis calculation unit, a residual decay calculation unit, and an index generation unit. The response window establishment unit establishes the same discharge response time window; the concentration slope calculation unit generates the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope; the thermal hysteresis calculation unit generates the conductor temperature drop hysteresis; the residual decay calculation unit generates the pipeline pressure residual decay; and the index generation unit generates the effective fire extinguishing response index. The pressure and flow acquisition module includes a pressure sensor and a flow sensor; the pressure sensor acquires the pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline; and the flow sensor acquires the actual flow rate of the carbon dioxide discharge pipeline.

10. The fire extinguishing device for intelligently adjusting the flow rate of extinguishing medium in electrical fires according to claim 9, characterized in that, The proportional flow control module includes an electrically controlled proportional valve and a valve position feedback unit; the electrically controlled proportional valve receives the flow control signal output by the intelligent control module; the valve position feedback unit collects the opening degree of the electrically controlled proportional valve and feeds back the opening degree of the electrically controlled proportional valve to the intelligent control module; The intelligent control module includes a pressure mapping unit, which is used to query a preset pressure decay mapping table based on the actual flow rate, proportional flow rate, adjustment module opening degree, and discharge duration, and generate a reference pressure decay amount. The intelligent control module includes a thermal inertia waiting unit, which is used to maintain the current target flow rate and delay the compensation incremental output when the carbon dioxide concentration establishment slope reaches the concentration establishment slope threshold, the pipeline pressure residual decay is lower than the pressure residual threshold, and the conductor temperature drop hysteresis is higher than the thermal hysteresis threshold.

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