A fixed bed reactor of fiber reinforced resin based composite material operating at negative pressure

Abstract

This invention discloses a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure. It addresses the technical problem that when fixed-bed reactors made of fiber-reinforced resin-based composite materials operate under negative pressure, the top sealing element of the reactor body is prone to inward deformation or local instability. Increasing the thickness of the top sealing element increases material consumption, manufacturing costs, and manufacturing and assembly difficulties. The reactor includes a cylinder, an arc-shaped head, a bottom sealing element, and a fixed-bed support system. The inner surface of the arc-shaped head has at least three radial arc-shaped protrusions, each extending from the top region to the peripheral region and connecting with each other in the top region. This improves the arc-shaped head's resistance to inward deformation and local instability caused by negative pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fixed-bed reactor technology, and more specifically to a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure. Background Technology

[0002] One type of existing fixed-bed reactor is used as a flue gas desulfurization reactor. Its internal cavity contains a fixed bed formed by activated carbon catalyst, with the inlet and outlet located at the bottom and top of the fixed bed, respectively. During operation, the flue gas to be treated enters the reactor cavity through the inlet and flows upward through the fixed bed. Sulfur-containing components in the flue gas are removed by the activated carbon catalyst, and the treated flue gas is discharged through the outlet at the top of the fixed bed. As the reaction continues, the desulfurization capacity of the activated carbon catalyst gradually decreases. Therefore, a fixed-bed spray system is usually installed above the fixed bed to spray regeneration liquid onto the fixed bed through spray pipes, regenerating the activated carbon catalyst to restore or maintain the desulfurization capacity of the fixed bed.

[0003] Currently, the aforementioned fixed-bed reactors are mainly designed for positive pressure operation, meaning the internal pressure of the reactor cavity is higher than the external ambient pressure. However, in desulfurization systems where it is necessary to prevent the escape of untreated sulfur-containing flue gas, an induced draft fan can be placed downstream of the fixed-bed reactor. The suction effect of the induced draft fan overcomes the flow resistance generated by the flue gas conveying channel and the fixed bed, maintaining a negative pressure in the fixed-bed reactor and its upstream flue gas conveying channel. In this operating mode, the flue gas to be treated enters the reactor cavity through the inlet under the suction of the induced draft fan, flows upward through the fixed bed, and exits through the exhaust port. The reactor cavity is in a negative pressure state where the internal pressure is lower than the external ambient pressure. At this time, the cylinder, the top sealing element, and the bottom sealing element are subjected to pressure from the outside in.

[0004] For fixed-bed reactors operating under negative pressure, when using fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites to manufacture large-diameter fixed-bed reactors, the cylinder and its top sealing component are prone to inward deformation or localized instability. Currently, the main approach is to increase the material thickness to improve its resistance to inward deformation, but this increases material usage and manufacturing costs. In particular, the top sealing component of large-diameter fixed-bed reactors typically needs to be independently molded on a specialized mold before being hoisted to the top of the cylinder and connected to it. Increasing the overall thickness of the top sealing component increases the number of fiber-reinforced material layers and resin usage, prolongs the molding and curing cycle, and significantly increases the weight of the independently molded component, thereby increasing the difficulty of demolding, transportation, hoisting, and alignment with the cylinder. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure, which solves the technical problem that when a fixed-bed reactor made of fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material is operating under negative pressure, the top sealing part of the cylinder is prone to inward deformation or local instability, while increasing the thickness of the top sealing part of the cylinder will increase the amount of material used, manufacturing cost, and manufacturing and assembly difficulty.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure, comprising a cylindrical body, a top sealing member, a bottom sealing member, a fixed-bed support system, an air inlet, and an exhaust port; the cylindrical body, the top sealing member, and the bottom sealing member together form an internal cavity of the reactor; the fixed-bed support system is disposed in the internal cavity of the reactor and located above the bottom sealing member, for supporting the fixed bed; the exhaust port and the air inlet are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the fixed bed, so that gas entering through the air inlet flows through the fixed bed and is discharged through the exhaust port; the top sealing member is an arc-shaped end cap, which gradually arches outward from its peripheral region towards the top region of the cylindrical body; the cylindrical body, the arc-shaped end cap, and the bottom sealing member together form an internal cavity of the reactor; the fixed-bed support system is disposed in the internal cavity of the reactor and located above the bottom sealing member, for supporting the fixed bed; the exhaust port and the air inlet are located on the upper and lower sides of the fixed bed, respectively, so that gas entering through the air inlet flows through the fixed bed and is discharged through the exhaust port; the top sealing member is an arc-shaped end cap, which gradually arches outward from its peripheral region towards the top region of the cylindrical body; the top sealing member is an arc-shaped end cap, which gradually arches outward from the top of the cylindrical body; the top sealing member, the bottom sealing member, and the bottom sealing member together form an internal cavity of the reactor ... is an arc-shaped end cap, which gradually arches outward from the top region of the cylindrical body; the top sealing member is an arc-shaped end cap, which gradually arches outward from the top region of the cylindrical body; the top sealing member, the bottom sealing member All sealing components include a body made of fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material; during reactor operation, the internal cavity of the reactor is under negative pressure, with the internal pressure lower than the external ambient pressure; the inner surface of the arc-shaped head is provided with at least three radial arc-shaped protrusions, each of which is attached to the inner surface of the arc-shaped head and protrudes into the internal cavity of the reactor relative to the inner surface of the arc-shaped head; each of the radial arc-shaped protrusions extends along the arc-shaped trajectory formed by the inner surface of the arc-shaped head in the corresponding radial direction; the radial direction is the direction from the projection position of the central axis of the arc-shaped head to the periphery of the arc-shaped head in a projection plane perpendicular to the central axis of the arc-shaped head; one end of each radial arc-shaped protrusion is located in the top region of the arc-shaped head, and the other end extends to the periphery region of the arc-shaped head.

[0007] Furthermore, each of the radial arc-shaped protrusions is evenly distributed along the circumference of the arc-shaped head; in the projection plane perpendicular to the central axis of the arc-shaped head, the included angles between the radial directions corresponding to two adjacent radial arc-shaped protrusions along the circumference are all equal; each of the radial arc-shaped protrusions is connected to each other in the top region of the arc-shaped head.

[0008] Furthermore, the bodies of the cylindrical body, the arc-shaped end cap, and the bottom closure of the cylindrical body respectively constitute corresponding negative pressure bearing layers; each negative pressure bearing layer has an inner corrosion-resistant layer on the side facing the internal cavity of the reactor, and an outer environmental protection layer on the side facing away from the internal cavity of the reactor; the inner corrosion-resistant layer covers the inner surface of the corresponding negative pressure bearing layer and forms the cavity wall surface of the internal cavity of the reactor, for isolating the negative pressure bearing layer from the corrosive media in the internal cavity of the reactor; the outer environmental protection layer covers the outer surface of the corresponding negative pressure bearing layer, for isolating the negative pressure bearing layer from external moisture and corrosive media, and blocking ultraviolet radiation.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner corrosion-resistant layer includes a corrosion-resistant resin layer covering the inner surface of the negative pressure bearing layer; the outer environmental protection layer includes a resin protective layer and an ultraviolet-resistant layer arranged sequentially from the negative pressure bearing layer outwards.

[0010] Furthermore, the bodies of the cylinder, the arc-shaped end cap, and the bottom closure of the cylinder are all made of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material; the corrosion-resistant resin layer is formed by curing phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin, the resin protective layer is formed by curing bisphenol A type epoxy vinyl ester resin, and the UV-resistant layer is a UV-resistant coating disposed on the outside of the resin protective layer.

[0011] Furthermore, a transverse support device is provided in the internal cavity of the reactor; the transverse support device spans the internal cavity of the reactor and is connected to the inner side of the cylinder, so as to provide transverse support to the cylinder against inward deformation when the cylinder is subjected to pressure from the outside to the inside.

[0012] Furthermore, the lateral support device includes a first lateral support structure and a second lateral support structure located above the first lateral support structure;

[0013] The first transverse support structure includes an integrated support grid of the fixed bed support system; the integrated support grid is transversely arranged in the internal cavity of the reactor and is used to support the fixed bed, and its periphery is connected to the inner side of the cylinder.

[0014] The negative pressure fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor further includes a fixed-bed spray system; the fixed-bed spray system includes a spray pipe assembly located above the fixed bed and below the arc-shaped head; the second transverse support structure includes the spray pipe assembly, and at least a portion of the pipes in the spray pipe assembly spans between opposite sides of the cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, the fixed bed support system also includes multiple support columns and a beam frame supported above the multiple support columns; the lower ends of the multiple support columns are supported on the bottom closure of the cylinder, and the integrated support grid is laid on the beam frame; the load of the fixed bed is transferred to the bottom closure of the cylinder in sequence through the integrated support grid, the beam frame and the multiple support columns.

[0016] Furthermore, the beam frame includes multiple main beams and multiple secondary beams arranged in a crisscrossing manner; the supporting columns, the main beams, the secondary beams, and the integrated supporting grid are all made of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material.

[0017] Furthermore, the spray pipe assembly includes a main inlet pipe and multiple spray branch pipes connected to the main inlet pipe; the multiple spray branch pipes are distributed below the arc-shaped end cap to form a spray pipe network spanning the internal cavity of the reactor, and multiple nozzles facing the fixed bed are respectively arranged at intervals on the multiple spray branch pipes; multiple brackets are fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper part of the cylinder; at least a portion of the pipes in the spray pipe assembly extend along the cross-sectional direction of the cylinder, and the two ends of each pipe in the at least a portion of the pipes are respectively connected to corresponding nozzles located on opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder. The brackets are connected so that each of the at least a portion of the tubes spans between opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder; the connection between the tubes and the brackets can transmit compressive force along the length of the tubes; when the cylinder is subjected to pressure from the outside in, the forces from the outside in on opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder are transmitted to the two ends of the tubes through the corresponding brackets, so that the tubes bear compressive loads along their length, and the two ends of the tubes provide support to the opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder against inward deformation of the cylinder.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1) The top sealing component of the cylinder adopts an arc-shaped end cap that arches outward from the top of the cylinder, so that the pressure generated by the pressure difference between the inside and outside can be transmitted along the arc-shaped structure, which helps to reduce the bending deformation of the top sealing component under negative pressure and improve its structural stability.

[0020] 2) At least three radial arc-shaped protrusions are attached to the inner surface of the arc-shaped head, extending from the top region to the periphery. This increases the stiffness of the arc-shaped head in the corresponding radial direction and reduces the span of the unreinforced area between adjacent radial arc-shaped protrusions, thereby suppressing inward deformation or local instability of the arc-shaped head under pressure from the outside in. This reinforcement method does not require a significant increase in the overall thickness of the arc-shaped head, which is beneficial for controlling material usage, overall weight, and manufacturing and assembly difficulty.

[0021] 3) Each radial arc-shaped protrusion is evenly distributed along the circumference of the arc-shaped head, which can improve the load-bearing capacity of the arc-shaped head at different circumferential positions in a relatively uniform manner; each radial arc-shaped protrusion is connected to each other in the top area, which can strengthen the top area of ​​the arc-shaped head and make the radial arc-shaped protrusions in different radial directions form an interconnected strengthening structure.

[0022] 4) The negative pressure bearing layer, the inner corrosion-resistant layer and the outer environmental protection layer respectively undertake the functions of negative pressure bearing, internal corrosion resistance and external environmental protection, which can reduce the impact of corrosive media in the internal cavity of the reactor as well as external moisture, corrosive media and ultraviolet rays on the negative pressure bearing layer.

[0023] 5) The transverse support device spans the internal cavity of the reactor and connects to the inner side of the cylinder. When the cylinder is subjected to pressure from the outside to the inside, it can provide transverse support to the cylinder and improve the cylinder's resistance to inward deformation.

[0024] 6) The integrated support grid forms the first lateral support structure while supporting the fixed bed, and the spray pipe group forms the second lateral support structure while spraying regenerated liquid onto the fixed bed. This allows the existing functional structure inside the reactor to form lateral support for the cylinder at different height positions, reducing the need to set up separate independent lateral support components.

[0025] 7) The load of the fixed bed is transferred sequentially to the bottom enclosure of the cylinder through the integrated support grid, beam frame and multiple support columns, forming a relatively clear load transfer path; while obtaining vertical support, the integrated support grid can also form lateral support for the cylinder through the connection between its periphery and the inner side of the cylinder.

[0026] 8) At least a portion of the pipes in the spray pipe assembly have their ends connected to corresponding brackets on opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder. When the cylinder is subjected to pressure from the outside in, the force on opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder can be transmitted to the ends of the pipes through the brackets, so that the pipes bear compressive loads along their length and form lateral supports against inward deformation on the upper part of the cylinder.

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages provided by the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to aid in understanding the invention. The contents provided in the drawings and their related descriptions in this specification can be used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention.

[0029] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the fixed-bed reactor of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of radial arc-shaped protrusions in an embodiment of the fixed-bed reactor of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the bracket and the pipe in an embodiment of the fixed-bed reactor of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A magnified view of section A in the image.

[0033] The following are marked in the figure: cylinder 1, top sealing part of cylinder 2, bottom sealing part of cylinder 3, air inlet 4, exhaust outlet 5, radial arc-shaped protrusion 6, support column 7, beam frame 8, integrated support grid 9, liquid inlet main pipe 10, nozzle 11, bracket 12, negative pressure bearing layer 13, inner corrosion resistant layer 14, outer environmental protection layer 15. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Before describing the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be particularly noted that:

[0035] The technical solutions and features provided in the various sections, including the following description, can be combined with each other without conflict. Furthermore, where possible, these technical solutions, features, and related combinations can be given specific technical subject matter and protected by relevant patents.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention described below are generally only some embodiments and not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of patent protection.

[0037] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof in this specification, the corresponding claims, and related parts are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0038] The terms "upper," "lower," "top," and "bottom" used in this manual refer to the orientation of the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure. Figure 1The orientation shown is based on the installation and operation state. "Lateral" refers to the direction approximately perpendicular to the central axis of cylinder 1, and does not require the relevant components to be strictly arranged along a certain diameter of cylinder 1. "Relative sides of cylinder 1" refers to two areas on the inner circumference of cylinder 1 that are opposite each other across the internal cavity of the reactor, and is not limited to two positions that are geometrically strictly 180° apart.

[0039] The term "negative pressure state" as used in this specification refers to a situation where the internal pressure of the reactor's internal cavity is lower than the external environmental pressure at the location of the fixed-bed reactor. Therefore, the cylinder 1, the arc-shaped end cap 2, and the bottom sealing element 3 of the cylinder are subjected to pressure from the outside in. It does not mean that the absolute pressure of the reactor's internal cavity is negative. The pressure difference between the reactor's internal cavity and the external environment can be determined based on the resistance of the flue gas conveying channel, the resistance of the fixed bed, and the suction capacity of the downstream induced draft fan. For example, the operating gauge pressure of the reactor's internal cavity relative to the external environment can be -0.5 kPa to -20 kPa, and the normal operating gauge pressure can be -1 kPa to -10 kPa. During structural design, a design external pressure higher than the normal operating pressure difference can be determined based on operating conditions such as equipment start-up and shutdown, flue gas channel blockage, or abnormal regulation device operation. The above pressure range is used to illustrate negative pressure operating conditions and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention.

[0040] The term "large-size" fixed-bed reactor as used in this specification refers to a reactor that can meet stability requirements through conventional integral transportation and a conventional thin-walled structure. As an feasible size range, the inner diameter of the cylinder 1 can be from 2.5m to 15m, preferably from 3m to 8m. The specific dimensions can be determined based on the flue gas flow rate, allowable empty tower velocity, fixed bed resistance, and installation site. This specific embodiment uses an inner diameter of 5.2m for the cylinder 1 as an example. The above values ​​are used to illustrate the large-size equipment scenario targeted by this invention, but do not preclude the use of the same structure for fixed-bed reactors of other sizes.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, this specific embodiment provides a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure, including a cylindrical body 1, an arc-shaped end cap 2 serving as a top sealing member 2, a bottom sealing member 3, a fixed-bed support system, an air inlet 4, and an exhaust outlet 5. For ease of explanation, the arc-shaped end cap 2 serving as the top sealing member 2 will be referred to as the arc-shaped end cap 2 below. The cylindrical body 1 is a vertically extending cylinder, the arc-shaped end cap 2 is connected to the top of the cylindrical body 1, and the bottom sealing member 3 is connected to the bottom of the cylindrical body 1. The cylindrical body 1, the arc-shaped end cap 2, and the bottom sealing member 3 together form the internal cavity of the reactor.

[0042] The bottom sealing element 3 of the cylinder can be a flat-bottomed structure supported on the equipment foundation, or an arc-shaped structure arching outwards towards the bottom of the cylinder 1. When a flat-bottomed structure is used, the equipment foundation can provide distributed support for the bottom sealing element 3. The bottom sealing element 3 and the cylinder 1 can be connected by adhesive bonding and overlay, or by flange connection or other connection methods that meet the sealing and load-bearing requirements.

[0043] The air inlet 4 is located on the lower side of the fixed bed and communicates with the air intake space located below the fixed bed in the internal cavity of the reactor; the exhaust outlet 5 is located on the upper side of the fixed bed and communicates with the exhaust space located above the fixed bed in the internal cavity of the reactor. The air inlet 4 and exhaust outlet 5 can be located in the cylinder 1, or, depending on the pipeline arrangement, can be located respectively in the bottom sealing member 3 and the arc-shaped end cap 2 of the cylinder. Figure 1 In the specific embodiment shown, the air inlet 4 is located at the lower part of the cylinder 1, and the exhaust port 5 is located at the upper part of the top sealing member 2 of the cylinder.

[0044] The downstream induced draft fan is connected to the exhaust port 5. During reactor operation, the downstream induced draft fan creates a negative pressure in the reactor's internal cavity through suction, causing the flue gas to be treated to enter through the inlet 4, be distributed through the intake space below the fixed bed, and then flow upwards through the fixed bed. The flue gas treated by the fixed bed enters the exhaust space above the fixed bed and is then discharged through the exhaust port 5.

[0045] The fixed bed can be formed from an activated carbon catalyst. The activated carbon catalyst can be granular, columnar, or modular, suitable for forming a permeable bed. The fixed bed forms a reaction layer of a certain thickness in the direction of flue gas flow, where sulfur-containing components in the flue gas are adsorbed and / or catalytically converted during the flow through the fixed bed. The specific composition, bed thickness, and operating space velocity of the fixed bed can be determined according to the desulfurization process and do not constitute a limitation on the reactor structure of this invention.

[0046] The arc-shaped head 2 gradually arches outward from its peripheral region toward the top region towards the top outer side of the cylinder 1. The arc-shaped head 2 can be a spherical head, an elliptical head, a dished head, or a head formed by continuously connecting multiple arc surfaces with different curvatures, as long as its main body has an arc shape that arches outward from the top of the cylinder 1.

[0047] The peripheral region of the arc-shaped head 2 is the annular area near the top connection point of the arc-shaped head 2 to the top of the cylinder 1, and the top region is the area of ​​the arc-shaped head 2 near the central axis and at its highest position. Using R as the projection radius of the arc-shaped head 2 in a projection plane perpendicular to its central axis, the top region can be, for example, a region no greater than 0.25R from the projection position on the central axis, and the peripheral region can be, for example, a region ranging from 0.75R to R from the projection position on the central axis. This division is used to describe the extension range of the radial arc-shaped rib 6 and does not require the formation of a visible boundary on the arc-shaped head 2.

[0048] The arch height of the curved head 2 can be determined based on its diameter, design external pressure, and material properties. As an example, the arch height of the curved head 2 from its periphery to its top can be 0.08 to 0.35 times the inner diameter of the cylinder 1, preferably 0.12 to 0.25 times the inner diameter of the cylinder 1. When the inner diameter of the cylinder 1 is 5.2 m, the arch height of the curved head 2 can be 0.91 m. By giving the curved head 2 an arch height adapted to its span, the load generated by the internal and external pressure difference can be transferred more along the curved structure, reducing the large deflection generated when the planar closed structure mainly relies on bending stiffness for load bearing.

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the inner surface of the arc-shaped end cap 2 is provided with at least three radial arc-shaped protrusions 6. Figure 2 Taking three radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 as an example, each radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the arc-shaped head 2. In the projection plane perpendicular to the central axis of the arc-shaped head 2, each radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 corresponds to a radial direction pointing from the projection position of the central axis to the periphery of the arc-shaped head 2. The included angle between the radial directions corresponding to two adjacent radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 along the circumference is 120°.

[0050] In other specific embodiments, there can be four, six, ten, twelve, or more radial arc-shaped protrusions 6, the specific number of which can be determined according to the diameter, curvature, design external pressure, material properties, and allowable deformation of the arc-shaped head 2. Preferably, each radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the arc-shaped head 2 to more uniformly improve the load-bearing capacity at different circumferential positions of the arc-shaped head 2. When meeting specific pipe arrangement or equipment installation requirements, the radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 can also be non-uniformly distributed.

[0051] Each radial arcuate protrusion 6 extends along an arcuate trajectory formed in the corresponding radial direction on the inner surface of the arcuate head 2. Specifically, a longitudinal plane defined by the corresponding radial direction and the central axis of the arcuate head 2 is used as the cutting plane. This longitudinal plane intersects with the inner surface of the arcuate head 2 to form an arcuate trajectory, and the radial arcuate protrusion 6 is set along this arcuate trajectory or in a direction substantially consistent with this arcuate trajectory. Therefore, the radial arcuate protrusion 6 can conform to the curved surface of the arcuate head 2, and "radial" should not be interpreted as the radial arcuate protrusion 6 being suspended in the air along a straight line in the projection plane.

[0052] One end of each radial arcuate ridge 6 is located in the top region of the arcuate head 2, and the other end extends continuously along the inner surface of the arcuate head 2 to the periphery region of the arcuate head 2, so as to form a continuous reinforcing path in the radial span of the arcuate head 2.

[0053] exist Figure 2 In the specific embodiment shown, the ends of each radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 in the top region are connected to each other to form an integral reinforcing structure extending in different radial directions with the central axis as the center. The radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 can intersect directly in the top region and be connected by continuous lay-up, or they can be connected together in the central reinforcing part located in the top region. The ends of the radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 in the peripheral region can extend to the vicinity of the connection between the arc-shaped head 2 and the cylinder 1, so that the load borne by the radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 is transferred to the cylinder 1 through the peripheral region of the arc-shaped head 2.

[0054] The radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 is attached to the inner surface of the arc-shaped head 2 and protrudes into the internal cavity of the reactor relative to the inner surface of the arc-shaped head 2. The cross-section of the radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 can be arched, trapezoidal, rectangular, or other protruding shapes with rounded corners. As an example, the transverse width of the radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 along the inner surface of the arc-shaped head 2 can be 80mm to 500mm, and the height protruding into the internal cavity of the reactor can be 30mm to 300mm. The width and height of the radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 can remain constant along its extension direction, or they can gradually change according to the stress conditions in different areas of the arc-shaped head 2. In a specific embodiment where the inner diameter of the cylinder 1 is 5.2m, the width of each radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 can be 100mm, and the maximum protrusion height can be 80mm.

[0055] Both the curved end cap 2 and the radial curved ridges 6 can be manufactured using glass fiber reinforced resin-based composite materials. During manufacturing, an outer environmental protection layer 15, a negative pressure bearing layer 13 serving as the main body, and an inner corrosion-resistant layer 14 can be sequentially formed on a special mold adapted to the outer surface of the curved end cap 2. Then, strip-shaped or bundle-shaped reinforcing materials are laid on the inner surface of the curved end cap 2 at the positions corresponding to each radial curved ridge 6, and fiber fabric is continuously laid across the outside of the reinforcing material to the inner surface of the curved end cap 2. After resin impregnation and curing, the radial curved ridges 6 are formed.

[0056] The reinforcing material used to form the raised profile can be a glass fiber bundle, a glass fiber fabric laminate, a glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite preform, or a corrosion-resistant lightweight core material. Through the above-described layup molding method, the radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 is attached to the inner surface of the arc-shaped head 2 and can be cured integrally with the arc-shaped head 2.

[0057] In another molding method, the radial arcuate protrusion 6 can be pre-cured and then bonded to the inner surface of the arcuate head 2 by structural adhesive and cover layup. Regardless of whether co-curing or pre-molding followed by bonding and cover layup is used, the connection between the radial arcuate protrusion 6 and the arcuate head 2 should be able to transmit shear force so that the radial arcuate protrusion 6 and the arcuate head 2 can jointly withstand the inward pressure generated by negative pressure.

[0058] The reinforcing fibers in the radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 are preferably arranged continuously along its extension direction, while transverse fibers or surface fiber fabrics are provided to maintain the cross-sectional shape of the radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 and improve the connection stability between the radial arc-shaped protrusion 6 and the arc-shaped end cap 2.

[0059] When the arc-shaped head 2 is subjected to pressure from the outside in, it tends to concave into the internal cavity of the reactor. The radial arc-shaped ribs 6 can improve the bending stiffness of the arc-shaped head 2 along the corresponding radial direction and divide the arc-shaped head 2 into multiple fan-shaped regions located between adjacent radial arc-shaped ribs 6, thereby reducing the effective span of each unreinforced region.

[0060] After the radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 are connected to each other in the top region, they can also limit the local concavity in the top region of the arc-shaped head 2 and make the reinforcing structures in different radial directions interconnected. Thus, the ability of the arc-shaped head 2 to resist inward deformation or local instability can be improved without significantly increasing the overall thickness of the arc-shaped head 2.

[0061] The cylindrical body 1, the arc-shaped head 2, and the bottom sealing element 3 all comprise a body made of fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material, each body constituting a corresponding negative pressure bearing layer 13. The negative pressure bearing layer 13 is used to withstand the pressure difference between the reactor's internal cavity and the external environment, as well as at least a portion of the equipment's own weight, fixed bed load, and connecting pipeline load. The thickness and fiber layup direction of the negative pressure bearing layer 13 of the cylindrical body 1, the arc-shaped head 2, and the bottom sealing element 3 can be determined according to their respective stress states; they are not required to have the same thickness or identical layup structure.

[0062] In this specific embodiment, the negative pressure bearing layer 13 is made of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material. The reinforcing material may include one or more of glass fiber wound yarn, unidirectional fabric, bidirectional fabric, multiaxial fabric, or chopped strand mat, and the resin matrix may be bisphenol A type epoxy vinyl ester resin or other resins that can meet the requirements of structural strength, temperature resistance, and processing.

[0063] For the cylinder 1, a combination of circumferential fiber layers extending circumferentially along the cylinder 1 and cross-fiber layers inclined relative to the axial direction of the cylinder 1 can be used. The circumferential fiber layers mainly improve the load-bearing capacity of the cylinder 1 in the circumferential direction, while the cross-fiber layers are used to improve the integrity of the cylinder 1 in the axial direction and in different directions. For the arc-shaped head 2, multi-axial fiber layers laid cross-laid in different directions can be used, so that the arc-shaped head 2 has load-bearing capacity in both radial and circumferential directions.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, each negative pressure bearing layer 13 has an inner corrosion-resistant layer 14 on the side facing the reactor's internal cavity, and an outer environmental protection layer 15 on the side facing away from the reactor's internal cavity. The inner corrosion-resistant layer 14, the negative pressure bearing layer 13, and the outer environmental protection layer 15 are sequentially arranged along the direction from the reactor's internal cavity towards the external environment. The inner corrosion-resistant layer 14 covers the inner surface of the corresponding negative pressure bearing layer 13 and forms the cavity wall surface of the reactor's internal cavity, thereby isolating the negative pressure bearing layer 13 from the corrosive media within the reactor's internal cavity.

[0065] The inner corrosion-resistant layer 14 comprises a corrosion-resistant resin layer formed by curing phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin. This resin layer can be combined with corrosion-resistant surface felt or chopped glass fibers to form a corrosion-resistant region with a high resin content, thereby reducing contact between sulfur-containing components in the flue gas, regeneration liquid, and reaction byproducts and the negative pressure bearing layer 13. As an example, the thickness of the inner corrosion-resistant layer 14 can be from 1 mm to 8 mm.

[0066] The outer environmental protection layer 15 includes a resin protective layer and an ultraviolet-proof layer arranged sequentially from the negative pressure bearing layer 13 outwards. The resin protective layer is formed by curing bisphenol A type epoxy vinyl ester resin and is used to seal the reinforcing fibers on the outer surface of the negative pressure bearing layer 13 and reduce the penetration of external moisture and corrosive media into the negative pressure bearing layer 13.

[0067] The UV-protective layer is a UV-resistant coating applied to the outside of the resin protective layer, and can be formed by curing a weather-resistant coating containing UV absorbers, light stabilizers, and / or light-blocking pigments. As an example, the thickness of the resin protective layer can be from 0.5 mm to 3 mm, and the dry film thickness of the UV-protective layer can be from 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm. The negative pressure bearing layer 13, the inner corrosion-resistant layer 14, and the outer environmental protection layer 15 can be formed continuously or in stages depending on the manufacturing conditions.

[0068] The fixed-bed support system is located within the reactor's internal cavity and above the bottom sealing element 3 of the cylinder. The fixed-bed support system includes an integrated support grid 9, multiple support columns 7, and a beam frame 8 supported above the support columns 7. The integrated support grid 9 is arranged laterally and has grid openings that allow flue gas to pass through while preventing activated carbon catalyst from falling downwards. Depending on the particle size of the activated carbon catalyst, a corrosion-resistant screen with smaller mesh openings or a support layer with permeable pores can also be laid on the integrated support grid 9.

[0069] The lower ends of multiple support columns 7 are supported by the bottom enclosure 3 of the cylinder. The lower ends of the support columns 7 can be positioned by column bases connected to the bottom enclosure 3 of the cylinder. The column bases can be connected to the bottom enclosure 3 of the cylinder by bonding, covering layer, bolting, or a combination of the above methods.

[0070] The beam frame 8 comprises multiple main beams and multiple secondary beams arranged in an intersecting manner. The main beams are supported above multiple support columns 7, and the secondary beams connect adjacent main beams or are laid crosswise above the main beams to distribute the support positions below the integrated support grid 9 across the entire cross-sectional area of ​​the fixed bed. The load of the fixed bed is sequentially transferred to the bottom enclosure 3 of the cylinder through the integrated support grid 9, the beam frame 8, and the multiple support columns 7, thus forming a clear vertical load transfer path.

[0071] The supporting columns 7, main beams, secondary beams, and integrated supporting grid 9 can all be made of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composites to reduce the corrosion of the fixed bed support system by sulfur-containing flue gas, regeneration liquid, and reaction byproducts. The supporting columns 7 can be round tube columns, rectangular tube columns, or other columnar structures capable of withstanding vertical loads. The main beams and secondary beams can be made of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite rectangular tubes, channel beams, or I-beams.

[0072] The periphery of the integrated support grid 9 is connected to the inner side of the cylinder 1, enabling the integrated support grid 9 to form the first lateral support structure while supporting the fixed bed. The term "integrated support grid" here refers to a continuous support structure formed by the support grid after installation, capable of transmitting force as a whole within its lateral range. The integrated support grid 9 can be integrally molded or integrally laid up, or it can be formed by connecting multiple prefabricated grid units on-site through connectors and cover layers to form a grid structure capable of bearing load as a whole.

[0073] The periphery of the integrated support grid 9 can be connected to the cylinder 1 via an annular connecting seat continuously arranged along the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder 1. The annular connecting seat is fixed to the inner side of the cylinder 1 by adhesive bonding and cover layup. The periphery of the integrated support grid 9 is supported by the annular connecting seat and fixed by pressure plate, bolts and / or cover layup. Alternatively, the periphery of the integrated support grid 9 can be directly connected to the cylinder 1 by structural adhesive and cover layup.

[0074] The aforementioned connection can withstand the vertical force from the periphery of the integrated support grid 9, and can also transmit lateral compressive force when the cylinder 1 tends to deform inward. When the cylinder 1 is subjected to pressure from the outside to the inside at the height position corresponding to the integrated support grid 9, the integrated support grid 9 provides lateral support to the cylinder 1 through its periphery, thereby limiting the deformation of the cylinder 1 into the internal cavity of the reactor at that height position.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure also includes a fixed-bed spray system. The fixed-bed spray system includes a spray pipe assembly located above the fixed bed and below the arc-shaped head 2. The spray pipe assembly includes a main inlet pipe 10 and multiple spray branch pipes connected to the main inlet pipe 10. The multiple spray branch pipes are distributed below the arc-shaped head 2 to form a spray pipe network spanning the internal cavity of the reactor.

[0076] Each spray branch pipe is equipped with multiple nozzles 11 that face the fixed bed at intervals. The regenerated liquid enters each spray branch pipe from the main inlet pipe 10 and is dispersed and sprayed onto the upper surface of the fixed bed through the nozzles 11, and then seeps down into the fixed bed to regenerate the activated carbon catalyst forming the fixed bed.

[0077] At least a portion of the spray pipes in the spray pipe assembly extend along the cross-sectional direction of the cylinder 1 and span between opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder 1, thereby forming a second transverse support structure located above the first transverse support structure. The pipes used to form the second transverse support structure can be straight sections of the main liquid inlet 10 or straight sections of the spray branch pipes that cross the internal cavity of the reactor.

[0078] The tube used to form the second lateral support structure has a continuous tube wall along its length, and its outer diameter, wall thickness, and lateral restraint position are determined according to the design requirements of the axial compression member. As an example, the tube can be a glass fiber reinforced resin-based composite tube with an outer diameter of 100 mm to 400 mm and a wall thickness of 8 mm to 40 mm.

[0079] Multiple spray branch pipes can be connected parallel to each other across opposite sides of the cylinder 1, or they can be cross-connected with the liquid inlet main pipe 10 or another set of spray branch pipes to form a grid-like spray pipe network. The crossing points can be mutually constrained by pipe joints, connecting clamps or connecting brackets to shorten the effective calculated length of the pipe when subjected to axial compressive loads and reduce the possibility of lateral instability in the middle of the pipe.

[0080] The pipes used for lateral support do not need to provide the same lateral support for every pipe in the spray pipe assembly. Several pipes with larger outer diameters and wall thicknesses can be selected as the main lateral compression components, while the remaining spray branch pipes are mainly used for transporting and distributing the regenerated liquid.

[0081] Multiple brackets 12 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper part of the cylinder 1. The multiple brackets 12 are located at the corresponding positions at both ends of each tube. The brackets 12 can be made of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material and fixed to the inner side of the cylinder 1 by structural adhesive bonding and cover layup, or they can be cured together with the cylinder 1 during the molding process. The connection area between the brackets 12 and the cylinder 1 can be provided with local reinforcing layup, so that the concentrated effect transmitted from the cylinder 1 to the brackets 12 can be diffused over a larger area.

[0082] like Figure 3 As shown, the bracket 12 includes a support portion, a stop portion, and a fixing portion connected to the inner side of the cylinder 1. The support portion is located below the end of the pipe and is used to support the pipe; the stop portion is located on the outer side of the end of the pipe along the length of the pipe and directly abuts against the end face of the pipe or abuts against it through a corrosion-resistant pressure pad; the fixing portion is attached to and fixed to the inner side of the cylinder 1.

[0083] The end of the pipe can also be fixed to the support by clamps, clamps, or limiting sleeves to restrict the movement of the pipe in the vertical and perpendicular directions. Reinforcing ribs can be provided between the stop and the fixing part to transfer the axial compressive force applied to the end of the pipe to the cylinder 1.

[0084] The connection between the pipe and the bracket 12 can transmit compressive force along the length of the pipe. The term "connection" here is not limited to a tensile connection between the pipe and the bracket 12 formed by fasteners. As long as the end of the pipe can form a compressive abutment with the stop portion of the bracket 12 when the cylinder 1 deforms inward, and transmits compressive force along the length of the pipe through this abutment relationship, it is considered a connection.

[0085] To accommodate manufacturing and installation tolerances, an adjustable pressure-bearing component can be installed between the pipe end face and the stop. By adjusting the thread, shim set, or wedge shim, both ends of the pipe can reliably contact the corresponding bracket 12 after installation, but it is not necessary to apply a large pre-pressure that would affect the normal installation shape of the cylinder 1.

[0086] When the cylinder 1 is subjected to pressure from the outside in, both opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder 1 tend to move into the internal cavity of the reactor. The inward force on the opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder 1 is transmitted to both ends of the pipe through the corresponding brackets 12, causing the pipe to bear a compressive load along its length. The pipe forms a supporting reaction force on the opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder 1 through its two ends, thereby limiting the inward deformation of the upper part of the cylinder 1. Therefore, in addition to conveying and spraying the regenerated liquid, the spray pipe assembly also serves as a second lateral support structure.

[0087] The first and second transverse support structures are spaced apart along the height of the cylinder 1. The integrated support grid 9 mainly provides transverse support to the cylinder 1 at the height of the bottom of the fixed bed, while the spray pipe assembly mainly provides transverse support to the cylinder 1 above the fixed bed and below the arc-shaped end cap 2. The first and second transverse support structures respectively constrain the inward deformation of the cylinder 1 in different height areas, which can reduce the unsupported height of the cylinder 1 between adjacent transverse support positions. For cylinders 1 with a large height, other transverse support devices can be added between the first and second transverse support structures or below the first transverse support structure according to structural calculations.

[0088] The manufacturing and assembly process of this specific embodiment can be carried out as follows.

[0089] First, the cylindrical body 1, the arc-shaped end cap 2, and the bottom sealing component 3 are manufactured separately. The cylindrical body 1 can be formed by segmental winding or layering. After each section is transported to the installation position, it is connected by butt bonding and inner and outer layering. The bottom sealing component 3 is installed on the equipment foundation and connected to the lowest cylindrical section.

[0090] The arc-shaped head 2 is independently formed on a special mold, and radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 are formed on its inner surface. After the arc-shaped head 2 has cured and been demolded, it is hoisted to the top of the cylinder 1, and its peripheral area is connected to the cylinder 1 by flange connection, bonding and / or cover layup. One end of the radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 is located near the connection point between the arc-shaped head 2 and the cylinder 1, so that the load borne by the radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 can be transferred to the cylinder 1 through the peripheral area of ​​the arc-shaped head 2.

[0091] Subsequently, multiple supporting columns 7 and beams 8 are installed inside the reactor cavity. An integrated supporting grid 9 is laid and connected to the beams 8, while the periphery of the integrated supporting grid 9 is connected to the inner side of the cylindrical body 1. Then, multiple brackets 12 are installed at corresponding positions on the upper part of the cylindrical body 1, and the spray pipe assembly is hoisted above the fixed bed, so that the two ends of each pipe constituting the second transverse support structure are connected to the corresponding brackets 12 on opposite sides of the cylindrical body 1. After completing the installation of the fixed bed support system and the fixed bed spray system, activated carbon catalyst is filled onto the integrated supporting grid 9 to form a fixed bed.

[0092] During reactor operation, the induced draft fan located downstream of the fixed-bed reactor is activated to create a negative pressure state in the reactor cavity, where the internal pressure is lower than the external ambient pressure. The flue gas to be treated enters the reactor cavity through inlet 4, flows upward through the fixed bed and completes the desulfurization treatment, and then exits through outlet 5.

[0093] During negative pressure operation, the arc-shaped end cap 2 and the radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 on its inner surface work together to resist the pressure exerted on the top area from the outside in. The integrated support grid 9 and the spray pipe assembly provide lateral support to the cylinder 1 at different heights to limit the deformation of the cylinder 1 into the reactor cavity.

[0094] When regeneration of the activated carbon catalyst is required, regeneration liquid is supplied to the main inlet pipe 10, and the regeneration liquid is sprayed onto the fixed bed through the spray branch pipes and nozzles 11. During the spraying process, the spray pipe assembly continues to maintain its lateral support relationship between the opposite sides of the cylinder 1. Therefore, the fluid transport and spraying functions of the spray pipe assembly and its lateral support function can be realized simultaneously.

[0095] During the equipment design phase, a structural calculation model can be established based on the diameter and height of the cylinder 1, the curvature of the arc-shaped head 2, the material parameters of each negative pressure bearing layer 13, the design external pressure, the fixed bed load, and the positions of each lateral support. Based on the deformation and stability calculation results when the arc-shaped head 2 is not equipped with radial arc-shaped protrusions 6, the number, cross-sectional dimensions, and fiber layup of the radial arc-shaped protrusions 6 can be determined.

[0096] The thickness of the negative pressure bearing layer 13 and the bearing capacity of the transverse support device can be determined based on the effective unsupported length of the cylinder 1 between the integrated support grid 9 and the spray pipe assembly. Furthermore, the axial compressive strength and stability of the pipes used for transverse support can be checked based on their length, material elastic modulus, moment of inertia, and end constraint conditions. Through this collaborative design, the fixed-bed reactor can meet the predetermined negative pressure operating conditions while controlling the amount of fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite material used.

[0097] The above specific embodiments are illustrated using flue gas desulfurization and activated carbon catalyst regeneration as typical applications. However, the structure of the present invention is not limited to specific sulfur-containing components, regeneration liquid formulations, or activated carbon morphologies. As long as the reactor has a fixed bed, the gas flows from one side of the fixed bed to the other, and the reactor operates under a pressure lower than the external ambient pressure, the arc-shaped end cap 2, radial arc-shaped ribs 6, and transverse support device of the present invention can be adopted according to the actual medium and process conditions.

[0098] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, which are merely exemplary. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions to this invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure, comprising: cylindrical body; Top closure of the cylinder; Bottom sealing component of the cylinder; Fixed bed support system; Air intake; as well as Exhaust port; The cylindrical body, the top sealing member of the cylindrical body, and the bottom sealing member of the cylindrical body together form the internal cavity of the reactor; The fixed bed support system is located inside the reactor cavity and above the bottom closure of the cylinder, and is used to support the fixed bed. The exhaust port and the air inlet are located on the upper and lower sides of the fixed bed, respectively, so that the gas entering through the air inlet flows through the fixed bed and is discharged through the exhaust port. Its features are: The top sealing element of the cylinder is an arc-shaped end cap, which gradually arches outward from its peripheral area toward the top area towards the outer side of the top of the cylinder; The cylindrical body, the arc-shaped end cap, and the bottom sealing member of the cylindrical body all comprise a body made of fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material; During operation, the internal cavity of the reactor is under negative pressure, where the internal compressive force is lower than the external environmental compressive force. The inner surface of the arc-shaped head is provided with at least three radial arc-shaped protrusions. Each radial arc-shaped protrusion is attached to the inner surface of the arc-shaped head and protrudes into the internal cavity of the reactor relative to the inner surface of the arc-shaped head. Each of the radial arc-shaped protrusions extends along the arc-shaped trajectory formed on the inner surface of the arc-shaped head in the corresponding radial direction. The radial direction is the direction from the projection position of the central axis to the periphery of the arc-shaped head in the projection plane perpendicular to the central axis of the arc-shaped head. One end of each radial arcuate ridge is located in the top region of the arcuate head, and the other end extends to the peripheral region of the arcuate head.

2. The fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the radial arc-shaped protrusions is evenly distributed along the circumference of the arc-shaped head. In the projection plane perpendicular to the central axis of the arc-shaped head, the included angle between the radial directions corresponding to two adjacent radial arc-shaped protrusions along the circumference is equal. Each of the radial arc-shaped protrusions is connected to each other in the top region of the arc-shaped head.

3. The fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical body, the arc-shaped end cap, and the body of the bottom sealing member of the cylindrical body respectively constitute corresponding negative pressure bearing layers. Each negative pressure bearing layer has an inner corrosion-resistant layer on the side facing the internal cavity of the reactor and an outer environmental protection layer on the side facing away from the internal cavity of the reactor. The inner corrosion-resistant layer covers the inner surface of the corresponding negative pressure bearing layer and forms the cavity wall surface of the internal cavity of the reactor, which is used to isolate the negative pressure bearing layer from the corrosive media in the internal cavity of the reactor. The outer environmental protection layer covers the outer surface of the corresponding negative pressure bearing layer, and is used to isolate the negative pressure bearing layer from external moisture and corrosive media and block ultraviolet radiation.

4. The fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner corrosion-resistant layer includes a corrosion-resistant resin layer covering the inner surface of the negative pressure bearing layer; the outer environmental protection layer includes a resin protective layer and an ultraviolet-resistant layer arranged sequentially from the negative pressure bearing layer outwards.

5. The fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main body of the cylinder, the arc-shaped end cap, and the bottom closure of the cylinder are all made of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material; the corrosion-resistant resin layer is formed by curing phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin, the resin protective layer is formed by curing bisphenol A type epoxy vinyl ester resin, and the UV-resistant layer is a UV-resistant coating disposed on the outside of the resin protective layer.

6. The fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transverse support device is provided in the internal cavity of the reactor. The transverse support device spans the internal cavity of the reactor and is connected to the inner side of the cylinder, so as to provide transverse support to the cylinder against inward deformation when the cylinder is subjected to compressive force from the outside to the inside.

7. The fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transverse support device includes a first transverse support structure and a second transverse support structure located above the first transverse support structure; the first transverse support structure includes an integrated support grid of the fixed bed support system, the integrated support grid being transversely arranged in the internal cavity of the reactor and used to support the fixed bed, and its periphery being connected to the inner side of the cylinder; the negative pressure fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed bed reactor also includes a fixed bed spray system, the fixed bed spray system including a spray pipe group located above the fixed bed and below the arc-shaped head, the second transverse support structure including the spray pipe group, at least a portion of the pipes in the spray pipe group spanning between opposite sides of the cylinder.

8. The fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixed bed support system also includes multiple support columns and a beam frame supported above the multiple support columns. The lower ends of the multiple support columns are supported by the bottom closure of the cylinder. The integrated support grid is laid on the beam frame. The load of the fixed bed is transferred to the bottom closure of the cylinder in sequence through the integrated support grid, the beam frame and the multiple support columns.

9. The fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The beam frame includes multiple main beams and multiple secondary beams arranged in a crisscrossing manner; the supporting columns, the main beams, the secondary beams and the integrated supporting grid are all made of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material.

10. The fiber-reinforced resin-based composite fixed-bed reactor operating under negative pressure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spray pipe assembly includes a main inlet pipe and multiple spray branch pipes connected to the main inlet pipe. The multiple spray branch pipes are distributed below the arc-shaped end cap to form a spray network spanning the internal cavity of the reactor. Multiple nozzles facing the fixed bed are spaced apart on each of the multiple spray branch pipes. Multiple brackets are fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper part of the cylinder. At least a portion of the pipes in the spray pipe assembly extend along the cross-sectional direction of the cylinder, and both ends of each pipe are connected to corresponding brackets located on opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder. The tubes are connected such that each tube in at least a portion of the tubes spans between opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder, and the connection between the tubes and the brackets can transmit compressive force along the length of the tubes; when the cylinder is subjected to compressive force from the outside to the inside, the forces from the outside to the inside on opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder are respectively transmitted to the two ends of the tubes through the corresponding brackets, so that the tubes bear compressive load along their length, and the two ends of the tubes form supports against the inward deformation of the cylinder on opposite sides of the upper part of the cylinder.

Images