A device and method for fabricating microstructures using multi-energy field assisted processes

Abstract

This invention relates to a microstructure fabrication device and method with multi-energy field assisted process synergy, belonging to the field of laser fabrication technology. It includes: a preheating-cladding composite processing unit, an ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit, a workpiece positioning platform, and an indexing turntable; the preheating-cladding composite processing unit and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit are connected to the output end of the indexing turntable, and the preheating-cladding composite processing unit and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit are installed on the workpiece positioning platform via the indexing turntable, which is connected to the workpiece positioning platform. This invention ensures high precision in the fabrication of nanoscale microstructures while enabling the various components to work together to form a logically coherent, complete, highly automated, and freely switchable multi-auxiliary function microstructure fabrication system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a microstructure preparation device and method, belonging to the field of laser preparation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Laser-processed micro-configuration technology reconstructs the surface geometry of materials by creating micro-configurations with regular patterns on the surface, enabling active and controllable adjustment of the material's physicochemical properties. This method can effectively regulate the surface wetting characteristics of materials, significantly enhance the wear resistance and abrasion resistance of the substrate, simultaneously improve the material's corrosion resistance and crack propagation resistance, and optimize the overall macroscopic mechanical properties of the component. It is a highly efficient and reliable material surface modification process. However, laser processing of microstructures has inherent processing defects. When a laser beam irradiates the substrate surface in a directed manner, the light energy is instantly converted into heat energy to form a molten pool. The cooling rate throughout the processing is extremely high. On the one hand, after the molten pool cools, a large amount of molten residue and molten sputtering material accumulates at the edges of the microstructure. The gas trapped in the molten pool cannot escape completely and forms pores inside the substrate. These pores not only reduce the material density but also create stress concentration points that induce microcracks. On the other hand, the drastic heating and cooling cycles bring multiple negative thermal effects: the recast layer formed after the molten metal solidifies damages the surface morphology of the microstructure and reduces the processing dimensional accuracy. The high thermal stress generated by the large temperature difference further promotes the growth of microcracks in the main body and edges of the microstructure. At the same time, the rapid cooling introduces residual tensile stress into the workpiece surface. The superposition of multiple defects such as pores, microcracks, recast layer, and residual tensile stress on the surface deteriorates the mechanical load-bearing capacity and long-term service durability of the component. Publication number CN117107232A, entitled "A Laser Cladding Machine with Ultrasonic Forging Function," describes a rotating mechanism that drives a circular workpiece impeller to rotate, enabling sequential laser cladding of different blades around the impeller's circumference. This aims to address the accessibility issues caused by workpiece structural limitations. Ultrasonic waves are used to forge the solidified cladding layer after laser cladding, refining the grains and eliminating or reducing residual stress through the combined effect of mechanical forging and high-frequency vibration. This is a post-processing step after cladding. Publication number CN207067551U, entitled "Laser Galvanometer Optical Path Positioning Fixture," describes a fixture used to verify the accuracy of the galvanometer's optical path. The technical solution is as follows: a test beam is emitted by a red light generator and incident on the laser galvanometer to be tested through a field lens tube built into the fixture. By observing whether the red light can accurately pass through the configured field lens tube from the galvanometer to be tested, it is determined whether the optical path of the galvanometer is calibrated correctly. This provides a standardized and repeatable physical fixture for the assembly and calibration of laser galvanometers, belonging to the category of optical calibration tools. The invention disclosed in CN108588708A, entitled "Ultrasonic and Induction Heating Assisted Laser Cladding Method for Composite Nanocoatings," aims to obtain composite nanocoatings with specific components and performance indicators. It focuses on methods such as component ratio and thickness range, but does not propose how to achieve orderly connection through system design. Its induction heating coil has a fixed structure, and its heating position is fixed relative to the coil and cannot be adjusted. The shape of the processed substrate is limited by the coil configuration, only suitable for rectangular substrates. The cladding material is pre-placed manually, lacking precise positioning and automated powder spreading capabilities. These design features determine that the processing objects and scope of application of this patent are relatively limited.The invention, with publication number CN120155647A, is entitled "A Matrix-type Ultrasonic-assisted Liquid-guided Laser Processing System and Method." Its technical solution discloses that a laser is guided to the workpiece surface for processing by a high-pressure water jet. The laser energy is transmitted to the material surface through the water jet to remove the material, which is a classic subtractive manufacturing process. In this process, the role of ultrasonic vibration is to promote the separation of processing waste from the substrate, improve chip removal conditions, and thus improve the quality of the processed surface.

[0003] Laser micromachining is prone to surface defects such as porosity, recast layers, microcracks, and residual tensile stress. 1. The integrated laser cladding and micro-configuration technology can deposit an alloy layer on the substrate, fill micro-defects, and improve the surface integrity, mechanical properties and wear resistance of the micro-configuration. However, the process involves intense hot and cold cycles, which can easily cause grain coarsening and still produce pores, cracks and residual stress. 2. Ultrasonic vibration relies on acoustic flow and cavitation effects to reduce cladding porosity and cracks, refine grains, increase the texture depth-to-width ratio, control molten material splashing and recast layer, and obtain dense and regular three-dimensional microstructure. 3. Preheating assistance can reduce the processing temperature gradient, alleviate thermal stress concentration, suppress various defects, optimize the microstructure, and release residual stress. Existing technologies have significant shortcomings in the selection and synergistic application of the three processing auxiliary processes: most equipment only integrates two processes, requiring equipment replacement to activate the third, resulting in low freedom in processing scheme selection. Simply superimposing the three processes directly leads to numerous auxiliary systems, a crowded overall structure, and difficult layout. If a step-by-step processing scheme is adopted, there are many problems with workpiece transfer across workstations: preheated high-temperature workpieces require tooling clamping for transfer, and the powder layer uniformity after laser cladding and micro-shaping integration technology requires high uniformity and cannot be significantly displaced; processing is usually required immediately after powder application. Furthermore, commonly used heating plate preheating suffers from slow heating and uneven heating; step-by-step processing requires multiple coordinate recalibrations, making it difficult to guarantee the positioning accuracy of laser cladding and micro-shaping integration technology and laser processing micro-shaping processes.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a microstructure preparation device and method with multi-energy field assisted process synergy to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, a microstructure fabrication apparatus and method utilizing multi-energy field assisted processes are provided. A brief overview of the invention is given below to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive summary of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or essential parts of the invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention: A microstructure fabrication device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy includes: a preheating-cladding composite processing unit, an ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit, a workpiece positioning platform, and an indexing turntable; the preheating-cladding composite processing unit and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit are connected to the output end of the indexing turntable, and the preheating-cladding composite processing unit and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit are installed on the workpiece positioning platform through the indexing turntable, and the indexing turntable is connected to the workpiece positioning platform.

[0007] Preferably, the preheating-cladding composite processing unit includes a preheating-cladding composite support substrate, a coordinate moving component, a nozzle component, and a heating component. The coordinate moving component, nozzle component, and heating component are installed on the preheating-cladding composite support substrate. The nozzle component is installed on the coordinate moving component. The coordinate moving component controls the movement of the nozzle component to achieve cooperation with the heating component. The heating assembly includes a thermal auxiliary coil, a lifting tray, and a lifting motor. The edge of the preheating-cladding composite support substrate is machined with a first groove. The lifting tray is installed on the preheating-cladding composite support substrate. The clamping area above the lifting tray is provided with an electric magnetic attraction contact. The lifting tray is connected to the output end of the lifting motor. The thermal auxiliary coil is installed on the side of the lifting tray.

[0008] Preferred: The coordinate movement component includes a longitudinal feed motor, a transverse feed motor, a ball screw, and a nozzle guide rod. Both ends of the nozzle guide rod are connected to a nut. The nozzle guide rod is arranged parallel to the screw. Both ends of the screw are connected to the nut. The output end of the transverse feed motor is connected to the screw. The output end of the longitudinal feed motor is connected to the ball screw. The ball screw is connected to the preheating-cladding composite bearing substrate. A nut is provided on the ball screw. The ball screw is arranged on both sides of the lifting tray. The nozzle assembly includes a supply component, an infusion tube, and a cladding slurry nozzle. The cladding slurry nozzle is connected to the supply component via the infusion tube, is slidably connected to the nozzle guide rod, and is threadedly connected to the lead screw. The cladding slurry nozzle is mounted above the lifting tray.

[0009] Preferably, the preheating-cladding composite processing unit also includes a cooling component, which includes an exhaust fan, a water circulation system, a water chiller, an exhaust duct, and an air chiller; the lifting motor is located inside the exhaust duct, the air chiller is installed at the bottom of the exhaust duct, and the upper part of the exhaust duct is connected to the exhaust fan; the preheating-cladding composite bearing substrate has a water circulation system inlet in the middle, which is connected to the water chiller.

[0010] Preferred configuration: The ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit includes an ultrasonic cleaning tank, a laser generator, a galvanometer, a lifting column, a field lens, an ultrasonic output platform, an ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate, a high-frequency signal generator, an electrically controlled column, a vibration-direction support platform, a transducer, an amplitude transformer, and a bidirectional vibration composite block. The ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate has a second groove machined on its edge. An ultrasonic output platform is mounted on the substrate, and an electric magnetic suction contact is provided in the clamping area above the platform. An ultrasonic cleaning tank is located on one side of the substrate, and a lifting column is located on the other side. The output end of the lifting column is connected to a laser generator. The laser generator, galvanometer, and field lens are connected sequentially, with the field lens positioned above the ultrasonic output platform. Two vertically arranged amplitude transformers are connected to the bidirectional vibration composite block. The amplitude transformers are connected to the vibration direction-changing support platform through a transducer. The high-frequency signal generator is electrically connected to the transducer.

[0011] Preferably, the vibration-direction-changing support platform is connected to four evenly arranged electrically controlled columns.

[0012] Preferably, the preheating-cladding composite support substrate is semi-cylindrical, the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate is semi-cylindrical, the preheating-cladding composite support substrate and the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate form a cylinder, and the lower part of the preheating-cladding composite support substrate and the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate are connected to the indexing turntable.

[0013] Preferably, the workpiece positioning platform includes an automatic centering clamp body, springs, an electrically controlled magnetic push rod, a left centering pull rod, and a right centering pull rod. The automatic centering clamp body has a first slot and a second slot. The vertical sections of the left and right centering pull rods are slidably arranged in the first slot. Two symmetrical springs are arranged in the second slot. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the side wall of the second slot, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the horizontal section of the centering pull rod on the same side. The horizontal sections of the left and right centering pull rods are used to clamp the workpiece. Magnetic contacts are arranged on both sides of the automatic centering clamp body. A third slide groove is machined on the workpiece positioning platform, and an electrically controlled magnetic push rod is arranged in the third slide groove.

[0014] Preferably, the indexing turntable includes a stepper motor and a rotary platform. The output end of the stepper motor is connected to a worm gear, the worm gear meshes with a worm wheel, the worm wheel is connected to the rotary platform, and the rotary platform is connected to the preheated-cladding composite bearing substrate and the ultrasonic-laser composite bearing substrate.

[0015] A method for preparing microstructures using a multi-energy field-assisted process includes the following steps: Step 1: Simultaneously pull the left centering lever and the right centering lever to place the workpiece to be processed on the automatic centering fixture and fix it. The fixed workpiece, together with the fixture, is placed on the slide groove on the control input console, close to the electric magnetic suction push rod. Step 2: Determine the laser focus for this processing on the lifting column; Step 3: The stepper motor drives the rotating platform to rotate, and the rotating platform drives the components to rotate, turning the preheating-cladding composite processing unit to face the operator, that is, aligning the slide rail on the preheating-cladding composite processing unit for the fixture to slide with the slide rail on the workpiece positioning platform. The electromagnetic suction and control push rod will attract the automatic centering fixture and push it forward along the slide rail to the magnetic clamping area on the preheating-cladding composite support base. Then, the automatic centering fixture is placed on the lifting tray to complete the first step of transfer. Step 4: The lifting motor controls the lifting tray to descend to a height level with the vertical center plane of the heating auxiliary coil; the heating auxiliary coil starts heating, and at the same time the water chiller, air chiller and exhaust fan start working until the required temperature is reached; Step 5: After heating is completed, the lifting motor rotates, and the lifting tray is raised to the same level as the magnetic clamping area on the preheating-cladding composite support substrate through the gear and rack mechanism. The magnetic clamping area on the preheating-cladding composite support substrate will automatically center and fix the clamping body. Then, the longitudinal feed motor and the transverse feed motor rotate, and the ball screw enables the cladding slurry nozzle to reach the pre-input position. At the same time, the slurry preparation and supply component begins to prepare the slurry. When the cladding slurry nozzle reaches the designated position, the uniformly mixed cladding powder slurry is supplied to the cladding slurry nozzle through the liquid delivery pipe until all the positions where slurry needs to be laid are laid, thus completing the powder laying process of the preheating-cladding composite processing unit. Step 6: After the powder spreading process is completed, the electromagnetic suction and control push rod moves forward until it contacts the automatic centering clamp. At this time, the preheated-cladding composite substrate releases the automatic centering clamp, and the electromagnetic suction and control push rod attracts the automatic centering clamp. Then, the electromagnetic suction and control push rod returns to the control input console. When the computer confirms that the electromagnetic suction and control push rod is in place, it controls the stepper motor to reverse and turn the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit to the front, that is, the slide rail on the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit for the clamp to slide is aligned with the slide rail on the control input console. Then, the electromagnetic suction and control push rod pushes the automatic centering clamp onto the electromagnetic adsorption area on the ultrasonic-laser composite substrate to complete the second transfer. Step 7: The ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate is adsorbed into the automatic centering clamping body, and the laser generator is controlled to emit laser light. After passing through the galvanometer and field lens, the laser light is focused on the workpiece to be processed for laser processing. When ultrasonic vibration assistance is required, the high-frequency signal generator emits a high-energy signal, which is transmitted to the transducer and converted into vibration. The amplitude of the vibration is changed by the amplitude transformer. The vibration transmitted by the amplitude transformer is affected by the electrically controlled column and the vibration direction-changing support table and changed to the required direction. The vibration of the two amplitude transformers converges in the bidirectional vibration composite block and is transmitted to the ultrasonic output platform, thereby achieving the purpose of ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing of integrated cladding micro-structures. Step 8: After all the textures have been inserted, the electromagnetic suction and control push rod moves forward to bring the automatic centering clamp back to the control input console. After the workpiece cools to a suitable temperature, the workpiece is placed in the ultrasonic cleaning tank. Then, the ultrasonic cleaning tank is started to clean away the excess cladding material remaining on the surface of the workpiece. This completes all operations and yields a cladding micro-structure workpiece that has undergone preheating-assisted and ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention fixes the relative positions of the two composite processing units and the control platform, so that the positioning reference of the workpiece remains consistent in multi-auxiliary processing. The positioning accuracy is improved by electromagnetic attraction contacts, and the coordinate reference remains consistent after process switching, reducing processing errors caused by workpiece transfer.

[0017] 2. This invention uses water-cooled copper pipes for multi-dimensional heat assistance to replace heating plate preheating, achieving rapid and uniform heating. It also uses industrial ceramic material to make automatic centering fixtures, utilizing the thermal insulation properties of ceramics to block heat conduction, so that the fixtures remain at room temperature even at high temperatures, facilitating the transfer of workpieces across workstations. At the same time, it reduces the device's need for heat-resistant and high-temperature materials and improves operational safety. 3. The present invention designs a dual-air-path cooling system. On the one hand, an exhaust fan is configured on the surface of the processing unit to exhaust air to create internal negative pressure, so as to realize the controlled discharge of exhaust gas from the inside to the outside. On the other hand, an air cooler is set up to send air into the pipeline, and the cold air and hot air are fully mixed in the pipeline to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas and ensure the safety of the operating environment. 4. This invention employs a slurry-based powder coating method, where the cladding material is mixed with a volatile liquid and then dripped onto the surface of a high-temperature workpiece through a nozzle. After the liquid evaporates, a self-supporting powder layer is formed. This method utilizes the surface tension and volatility of the liquid to ensure that the cladding material adheres uniformly to the workpiece surface, improving material utilization. The self-supporting nature of the powder layer allows the workpiece to be transferred across workstations after powder coating, providing a technological basis for subsequent processes. Furthermore, separating powder coating from laser processing reduces the system complexity and optical path design difficulty of coaxial machining. 5. This invention enables free switching of multiple auxiliary functions through an indexing turntable, completes the cross-station transfer of workpieces with the help of slide rails and push rods, and ensures normal processing after transfer by utilizing the self-supporting powder layer formed by slurry powder spreading. This realizes the orderly connection and collaborative work of multiple auxiliary processes in the same device. 6. This invention relies on electrically controlled magnetic contacts for automatic adsorption, and uses an electrically controlled push rod and drive mechanism to control workpiece transfer, simplifying the manual operations required for processing. The induction coil is lowered to prevent the heat-generating area from being exposed, and an exhaust duct is installed to keep hot air away from the operating area, improving the overall safety performance of the machine. These designs collectively create a processing environment that balances ease of operation with personnel safety.

[0018] 7. This invention, through the cooperation of a lifting tray and a multi-turn auxiliary heating coil, can adapt to workpieces of different heights and achieve adjustable heating area; through the XY axis movement of the slurry spreading mechanism, it can accurately position and spread powder on the surface of workpieces of different shapes and sizes; through various workpiece flow designs, it further expands the workpiece's processability range; the above designs give this invention good processing versatility and can adapt to a wider range of workpiece types and processing needs.

[0019] 8. This invention ensures high precision in the nanoscale microstructure preparation process while enabling the various components to work together to form a logically coherent, complete, highly automated, and freely switchable multi-auxiliary function microstructure preparation system. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention, which hides the external workpiece positioning platform. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the outer layer structure of the preheating-cladding composite processing unit of the present invention. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the preheating-cladding composite processing unit of the present invention. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal installation structure of the preheating-cladding composite processing unit of the present invention. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit of the present invention. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit of the present invention. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal installation structure of the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit of the present invention. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the workpiece positioning platform of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 10 is a detailed schematic diagram of the fixture part of the workpiece positioning platform of the present invention. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the fixtures related to the workpiece positioning platform of the present invention. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the multi-station indexing turntable structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the automatic centering fixture of the present invention. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the internal component mating relationship of the automatic centering fixture of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0024] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figure 1-14 This embodiment describes a microstructure fabrication device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy, comprising: a preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1, an ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2, a workpiece positioning platform 3, and a multi-station indexing turntable 4; the preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2 are connected to the output end of the indexing turntable 4, and the preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2 are installed on the workpiece positioning platform 3 through the indexing turntable 4, and the indexing turntable 4 is connected to the workpiece positioning platform 3; The multi-station indexing turntable is used to switch between the preheating-cladding composite processing unit and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit, solving the problem of orderly connection and free selection of auxiliary functions in multi-step processing; the ultrasonic wave is applied synchronously during the laser processing, acting on the not-yet-fully-solidified molten metal pool, reducing porosity and cracks through acoustic flow effect and cavitation effect, and improving the geometry of microstructure; the ultrasonic action of the present invention differs from that of the prior art in timing, target, physical mechanism, and the technical problem it solves; The galvanometer and field lens, as the execution components of laser processing, function as follows: the laser generator produces high-energy laser light, which is deflected by the galvanometer and focused by the field lens to achieve laser processing in a designated area on the workpiece surface. Although both the present invention and the prior art follow the necessary physical conditions for laser focusing and propagation, in the present invention, the galvanometer and field lens play the role of "processing tools" rather than "objects to be inspected". The present invention utilizes laser processing technology, where the laser light, after being deflected by the galvanometer and focused by the field lens, acts directly on the workpiece surface to prepare micro-configurations, which is a surface modification process. Ultrasonic vibration utilizes the acoustic flow effect and cavitation effect to act on the molten pool, reducing porosity, refining grains, and improving the morphology of micro-configurations. The ultimate goal of this invention is to achieve laser micro-shaping—laser cladding is merely one of several independently selectable functional modules in this system, alongside preheating, powder spreading, and ultrasonication, rather than the sole process endpoint. In terms of specific structural design, the preheating auxiliary system employs a lifting structure in conjunction with a multi-turn induction heating coil, enabling precise control of the heating area, heating rate, and temperature gradient. The ultrasonic vibration auxiliary system uses a design where multi-dimensional ultrasonic vibration is synthesized and then transmitted to the workpiece via a fixture, which is more suitable for micro-shaping processing compared to directly applying ultrasonic waves to the substrate. Furthermore, it includes a precise slurry powder spreading system, industrial ceramic heat-insulating fixtures, multiple magnetic positioning contacts on the machine body, and a rotating platform switching function, among other system-level designs. The focus of this invention is on designing a system that allows for the free and orderly selection and integration of three auxiliary processing methods and laser processing; all technical features revolve around the device structure and its collaborative working methods. This invention ensures high precision in the fabrication of nanoscale microstructures while enabling the various components to work together to form a logically coherent, complete, highly automated, and freely switchable multi-auxiliary function microstructure fabrication system, rather than a processing method that simply assembles three auxiliary processing methods.

[0025] Specific Implementation Method Two: Combining Figure 1-14 This embodiment describes a microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy. The preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 includes a preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9, a coordinate moving component, a nozzle component, and a heating component. The coordinate moving component, nozzle component, and heating component are installed on the preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9. The nozzle component is installed on the coordinate moving component, and the coordinate moving component controls the movement of the nozzle component to achieve cooperation with the heating component. The heating assembly includes a thermal auxiliary coil 1.2.3, a lifting tray 1.2.4, and a lifting motor 1.2.5. A first groove is machined in the center of the arc-shaped edge of the preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9. The lifting tray 1.2.4 is located in the through-hole area of ​​the preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9 connected to the first groove. The lifting tray 1.2.4 moves axially along the mounting hole. An electric magnetic contact is provided in the clamping area above the mounting hole. The lower part of the lifting tray 1.2.4 is connected to the output end of the lifting motor 1.2.5. The thermal auxiliary coil 1.2.3 is located on the side of the lifting tray 1.2.4. The thermal auxiliary coil 1.2.3 and the lifting motor... 1.2.5 is fixedly connected to the preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9. The lifting motor 1.2.5 can be a linear motor. The circular lifting tray is concentrically installed inside the thermal auxiliary coil 1.2.3, and the size of the circular lifting tray is adapted to the mounting hole. This invention, through the cooperation of the lifting tray and the multi-turn thermal auxiliary coil, can adapt to workpieces of different heights and achieve adjustable heating area. Through the XY axis movement of the slurry powder spreading mechanism, it can accurately position and spread powder on the surface of workpieces of different shapes and sizes. Through various workpiece flow designs, it can achieve three-coordinate movement in space, further expanding the workpiece's machinability range. The above design gives this patent good processing versatility and can adapt to a wider range of workpiece types and processing needs. A lifting tray and a multi-turn induction heating coil form a collaborative temperature field control system. The multi-turn induction heating coil is distributed vertically, creating a differentiated magnetic field strength distribution along the axial direction. Areas with dense turns have high magnetic field strength and fast heating rates, while areas with sparse turns have relatively slower heating rates. The lifting tray carries the workpiece and moves it up and down within the coverage area of ​​the multi-turn coil, changing the relative position of different height areas of the workpiece with the number of coil turns, thus enabling precise adjustment of the heating area, heating rate, and temperature gradient. Through the cooperation of both, various temperature control methods can be achieved: heating the workpiece from the bottom or top of the coil coverage area achieves gradient heating; the workpiece rises to the middle of the coil coverage area, achieving precise control of a uniform temperature field, thus achieving heat preservation or uniform heating; the workpiece gradually leaves the coil coverage area, achieving a controllable cooling rate and avoiding thermal stress caused by sudden cooling. This collaborative design transforms induction heating from a simple "electrical heating" to a programmable temperature field control system with "adjustable position and controllable rate."

[0026] Specific implementation method three: Combining Figure 1-14This embodiment describes a microstructure fabrication device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy. The coordinate movement component includes a longitudinal feed motor 1.1.2, a transverse feed motor 1.1.3, a ball screw 1.1.8, and a nozzle guide rod 1.1.10. The longitudinal feed motor 1.1.2 is fixedly connected to a preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9. Both ends of the nozzle guide rod 1.1.10 are connected to a longitudinal nut. The nozzle guide rod 1.1.10 is parallel to the ball screw, and both ends of the ball screw are connected to the longitudinal nut via bearing seats. The output end of the transverse feed motor 1.1.3 is connected to the lead screw, and the transverse feed motor 1.1.3 is connected to the longitudinal lead screw bolt on the same side. The output end of the longitudinal feed motor 1.1.2 is connected to the ball screw 1.1.8. The two ends of the ball screw 1.1.8 are connected to the preheating-cladding composite bearing base 1.1.9 through bearing seats. The ball screw 1.1.8 is threaded with a longitudinal lead screw. The two ball screws 1.1.8 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting tray 1.2.4 to realize the movement of the nozzle in the XY coordinate. The nozzle assembly includes a slurry preparation and supply component 1.1.5, a delivery pipe 1.1.6, and a cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7. The cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7 is connected to the supply component 1.1.5 via the delivery pipe 1.1.6. The cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7 is slidably connected to the nozzle guide rod 1.1.10 and threadedly connected to the lead screw. The cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7 is mounted above the lifting tray 1.2.4. The supply component 1.1.5 is fixed on the preheating-cladding composite support base 1.1.9. The supply component 1.1.5 contains slurry, and a pump can be installed on the delivery pipe to transport the slurry. Preheating and slurry powder application work in a synergistic sequence. Slurry powder application essentially involves mixing the cladding material with a volatile liquid and coating it onto the workpiece surface. After the liquid evaporates, a powder layer with a certain initial strength is formed. Induction preheating plays two key roles: first, preheating raises the workpiece surface temperature above the boiling point of the volatile liquid. Upon contact with the high-temperature workpiece surface, the liquid evaporates rapidly, allowing the powder to adhere evenly and form a dense, self-supporting thin layer. Second, the heat generated by preheating is conducted from the inside of the workpiece outwards, causing the powder layer to dry and solidify from the bottom up, enhancing the adhesion between the powder layer and the workpiece surface, and giving the powder layer resistance to displacement in subsequent processes. The key value of this collaboration lies in the fact that traditional pre-placed powder is destroyed once moved, and the powder-laying process must be completed at the same station as laser processing. However, with the combination of slurry powder laying and induction preheating in this invention, the powder layer gains self-support, allowing the workpiece to be transferred across stations after powder laying. This provides a process basis for multi-process flow and makes it possible to decouple equipment functions. In addition, the uniformity of the surface temperature of the preheated workpiece directly affects the consistency of powder layer drying. The positional coordination between the lifting tray and the induction coil can ensure that all areas of the workpiece receive a uniform preheating temperature, thereby achieving uniform control of the powder layer thickness and thus controlling the thermal management of the entire process from powder laying to cladding.

[0027] Specific implementation method four: Combination Figure 1-14 This embodiment describes a microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy. The preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 further includes a cooling assembly, which comprises an exhaust fan 1.1.1, a water circulation system 1.1.4, a water chiller 1.2.1, an exhaust duct 1.2.2, and an air chiller 1.2.6. A lifting motor 1.2.5 is located within the exhaust duct 1.2.2 and is fixed in position relative to the preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9 via the exhaust duct 1.2.2. The air chiller 1.2.6 is installed at the bottom of the exhaust duct 1.2.2, and the upper part of the exhaust duct 1.2.2 is connected to the preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9. The exhaust fans 1.1.1 on both sides of the straight side of the composite bearing substrate 1.1.9 are connected; a water circulation system inlet 1.1.4 is provided in the middle of the straight side of the preheating-cladding composite bearing substrate 1.1.9, and the lower end of the water circulation system inlet 1.1.4 is connected to the water chiller 1.2.1; the present invention uses water-cooled copper pipe multi-dimensional heat assistance to replace the heating plate preheating, so as to achieve rapid and uniform heating; on the one hand, an exhaust fan is configured on the surface of the processing unit to exhaust air to create internal negative pressure, so as to realize the controllable discharge of waste gas from the inside to the outside; on the other hand, an air chiller is set to send air into the pipe, and the cold air and hot air are fully mixed in the pipe to reduce the temperature of the waste gas and ensure the safety of the operating environment.

[0028] Specific Implementation Method Five: Combining Figure 1-14This embodiment describes a microstructure fabrication device using a multi-energy field assisted process. The ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2 includes an ultrasonic cleaning tank 2.1.1, a laser generator 2.1.2, a galvanometer 2.1.3, a lifting column 2.1.4, a field lens 2.1.5, an ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6, an ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate 2.1.7, a high-frequency signal generator 2.2.1, an electrically controlled column 2.2.2, a vibration-direction-changing support platform 2.2.3, a transducer 2.2.4, an amplitude transformer 2.2.5, and a bidirectional vibration composite block 2.2.6. A second groove is machined in the middle of the arc-shaped edge of the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate 2.1.7, which serves as a slide rail. An ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6 is set in the area of ​​the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate 2.1.7 connected to the second groove. An electric magnetic suction contact is set in the clamping area above the ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6. An ultrasonic cleaning tank 2.1.1 is set on one side of the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate 2.1.7, and a lifting column 2.1.4 is set on the other side of the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate 2.1.7. The lifting column 2.1.4 can adopt a lifting motor or hydraulic rod structure. The output end of the lifting column 2.1.4 is fixedly connected to the laser generator 2.1.2. The output end of the laser generator 2.1.2, the galvanometer 2.1.3, and the field lens 2.1.5 are connected in sequence. The field lens 2.1.5 is correspondingly set above the ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6. The bidirectional vibration composite block 2.2.6 is connected to the ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6. Two vertically arranged amplitude transformers 2.2.5 are connected to the bidirectional vibration composite block 2.2.6. The amplitude transformers 2.2.5 are connected to the vibration direction-changing support platform 2.2.3 through the transducer 2.2.4. The high-frequency signal generator 2.2.1 is electrically connected to the transducer 2.2.4. The vibration direction-changing support platform 2.2.3 is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic-laser composite bearing base 2.1.7 through the electrically controlled column 2.2.2. The high-frequency signal generator 2.2.1 is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic-laser composite bearing base 2.1.7.

[0029] Specific Implementation Method Six: Combination Figure 1-14 This embodiment describes a microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy, wherein the vibration direction-changing support platform 2.2.3 is connected to four evenly arranged electrically controlled columns 2.2.2.

[0030] Specific implementation method seven: Combination Figure 1-14This embodiment describes a microstructure fabrication device utilizing a multi-energy field assisted process. The preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9 is semi-cylindrical with a hollow interior, used to mount moving components, heating components, and cooling components. The ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate 2.1.7 is also semi-cylindrical with a hollow interior, used to mount vibration structures, such as: a high-frequency signal generator 2.2.1, an electrically controlled column 2.2.2, a vibration direction-changing support platform 2.2.3, a transducer 2.2.4, an amplitude transformer 2.2.5, and a bidirectional... The vibration composite block 2.2.6, the preheating-cladding composite bearing substrate 1.1.9 and the ultrasonic-laser composite bearing substrate 2.1.7 form a cylinder. The lower part of the preheating-cladding composite bearing substrate 1.1.9 and the ultrasonic-laser composite bearing substrate 2.1.7 is connected to the indexing turntable 4. This invention fixes the relative position of the two composite processing units and the control platform, so that the positioning reference of the workpiece is consistent in multi-auxiliary processing. The positioning accuracy is improved by electromagnetic attraction points. The coordinate reference is kept consistent after the process is switched, and the processing error caused by workpiece transfer is reduced.

[0031] Specific implementation method eight: Combination Figure 1-14This embodiment describes a microstructure fabrication device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy. The workpiece positioning platform 3 includes an automatic centering clamp 3.2.1, a spring 3.2.2, an electrically controlled magnetic push rod 3.2.4, a left centering pull rod 3.2.5, and a right centering pull rod 3.2.6. The electrically controlled magnetic push rod 3.2.4 has a magnetic head that cooperates with the automatic centering clamp and a push rod connected to the magnetic head. The push rod can be a linear motor. The push rod's movement drives the magnetic head to move, thereby placing the centering clamp in a set position. The automatic centering clamp 3.2.1 has a tangential direction... The system comprises a first slot and a second slot. The first slot contains vertical sections of a left centering rod 3.2.5 and a right centering rod 3.2.6 that slide horizontally. The second slot contains two symmetrical springs 3.2.2. One end of each spring 3.2.2 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the second slot, and the other end is fixedly connected to the horizontal section of the centering rod on the same side. The horizontal sections of the left and right centering rods 3.2.5 and 3.2.6 are used to clamp workpieces 3.2.3. The automatic centering clamp body 3.2.1 is made of ceramic material, and its side is provided with… The workpiece positioning platform 3 has a third slide groove machined on it. An electrically controlled magnetic push rod 3.2.4 is installed within the third slide groove and can slide along it. The push rod can push the automatic centering fixture 3.2.1 into the second or first slide groove that corresponds to the third slide groove. The electrically controlled magnetic push rod 3.2.4 has an electric magnetic contact. The electric magnetic contact of the slide groove cooperates with the magnetic contact of the automatic centering fixture, for example, positioning when energized and releasing when de-energized. The workpiece positioning platform 3 is rotatably connected to the preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2 via the indexing turntable 4. The machine automatically attracts workpieces using electrically controlled magnetic contacts and controls workpiece transfer using an electrically controlled push rod and drive mechanism, simplifying manual operations required for processing. The induction coil is lowered to prevent the heat-generating area from being exposed, and exhaust ducts keep hot air away from the operating area, improving overall machine safety. These designs collectively create a processing environment that balances ease of operation and personnel safety. The automatic centering fixture is made of industrial ceramic material, utilizing the thermal insulation properties of ceramics to block heat conduction, allowing the fixture to maintain a normal temperature even at high temperatures. This facilitates workpiece transfer between workstations while reducing the device's need for heat-resistant materials and improving operational safety. Industrial ceramics possess low thermal conductivity, are non-conductive, and non-magnetic. They do not generate eddy currents in induction heating environments. When an automatic centering clamp uses industrial ceramics as its main material, the clamp itself remains unheated during induction heating, while the workpiece is induction heated to several hundred degrees Celsius. This thermal insulation characteristic allows the clamp to maintain an operable temperature even at high temperatures. In emergency situations requiring manual operation, the operator can transfer the workpiece using conventional clamping equipment. More importantly, the thermal insulation properties of the ceramic clamp complement the sliding push rod system: the clamp's thermal insulation ensures safe contact with the clamp by the operator, while the sliding push rod system enables precise positioning and pushing of the clamp between workstations. This combination simplifies the cross-workstation movement of high-temperature workpieces from a "dangerous operation requiring specialized tools" to a "safe and controllable standardized process." Simultaneously, the magnetic contacts on the ceramic clamp provide a positioning reference for the automatic attraction and release of the clamp between workstations, and the high repeatability of the magnetic contacts ensures the consistency of the workpiece's coordinates across different workstations.

[0032] Specific Implementation Method Nine: Combining Figure 1-14 This embodiment describes a microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted processes. The indexing turntable 4 includes a stepper motor 4.1 and a rotating platform 4.2. The stepper motor 4.1 is fixedly connected to the workpiece positioning platform 3. A worm gear is connected to the rotating platform 4.2 via a rotating shaft. The output end of the stepper motor 4.1 is connected to a worm, which meshes with the worm gear. The worm gear is fixedly connected to the rotating platform 4.2. The rotating platform 4.2 is fixedly connected to a preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9 and an ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate 2.1.7. The indexing turntable enables free switching of multiple auxiliary functions. The workpiece is transferred across workstations using slides and push rods. A self-supporting powder layer formed by slurry powder ensures normal processing continues after transfer, achieving orderly connection and synergistic operation of multiple auxiliary processes within the same device.

[0033] Specific Implementation Method Ten: Combining Figure 1-14This embodiment describes a microstructure fabrication method using a multi-energy field assisted process, employing a microstructure fabrication device as shown in Figures 1 and 2. This device includes a preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1, an ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2, a workpiece positioning platform 3, and a multi-station indexing turntable 4. The workpiece positioning platform 3 is an operating table with a rectangular front end and a circular rear end, serving as the mounting base for the entire device. A through-hole concentric with the outer circle is located on the circular side of the workpiece positioning platform 3, and the multi-station indexing turntable 4 is concentrically fitted into this through-hole. The multi-station indexing turntable 4 engages with the preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2 via a rotating platform at its top. The preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2 rotate within the through-hole by mutual engagement of their semi-circular planes. The operation data generated by the preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1, the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2, and the multi-station indexing turntable 4 are transmitted back to the workpiece positioning platform 3 through the through hole in the center of the multi-station indexing turntable 4 via a wire harness to achieve control and monitoring. As shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5, the preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 includes an exhaust fan 1.1.1, a longitudinal feed motor 1.1.2, a transverse feed motor 1.1.3, a water circulation system 1.1.4, a slurry preparation and supply assembly 1.1.5, a delivery pipe 1.1.6, a cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7, a ball screw 1.1.8, a preheating-cladding composite support base 1.1.9, a nozzle guide rod 1.1.10, a water chiller 1.2.1, an exhaust duct 1.2.2, a thermal auxiliary coil 1.2.3, a lifting tray 1.2.4, a lifting motor 1.2.5, and an air chiller 1.2.6. The preheating-cladding composite support base 1.1.9 is a semi-circular operating table and serves as the mounting base for the entire preheating-cladding composite processing unit 2. The surface has a clamping area with electric magnetic contacts and a slide rail for the clamp to slide. There is a through hole under the clamping area. The heat auxiliary coil 1.2.3 is a hollow copper tube concentrically fitted into the above-mentioned through hole and installed in a recessed manner. Its bottom is flush with the inner surface of the preheating-cladding composite support base 1.1.9. The upper surface of the lifting tray 1.2.4 is a circular tray, and a support rod with a rack is connected below. The circular tray is concentrically installed inside the heat auxiliary coil 1.2.3. The geared lifting motor 1.2.5 installed on the exhaust duct 1.2.2 cooperates with the rack on the lifting tray 1.2.4 to control the lifting tray 1.2.4 to rise and fall in the operating area. The exhaust duct 1.2.2 is mainly a rectangular box with a grid hole at the bottom, connecting two air ducts to guide air to the air outlet on the surface of the preheating-cladding composite support base 1.1.9. The main body completely covers the heat-assisted area to ensure that the hot air produced by the heat-assisted system does not escape into the system. The air cooler 1.2.6 is installed at the bottom of the exhaust duct 1.2.2, blowing cold air inward through the grille holes at the bottom of the exhaust duct 1.2.2. Two exhaust fans 1.1.1 are installed on the upper surface of the preheating-cladding composite support base 1.1.9, blowing air outward to create negative pressure inside. This ensures that all air in the exhaust duct 1.2.2 can be blown out through the exhaust vents instead of through the heat-assisted area, ensuring operator safety. The water circulation system 1.1.4 has its inlet on the surface of the preheating-cladding composite support base 1.1.9, and is connected to the water cooler 1.2.1 to provide circulating water. The water cooler 1.2.1 is connected to the heat-assisted coil 1.2.3 for cooling, allowing the multi-dimensional heat-assisted system to fully release its performance and concentrate heat generation. The water circulation system 1.1.4 is also connected to the air cooler 1.2.6. It provides circulating water, and all wastewater that needs to be discharged is discharged through the through hole in the middle of the multi-station indexing turntable 4; preheating-cladding composite bearing substrate 1.1.9. On the surface, four longitudinal feed motors 1.1.2 are arranged symmetrically with the center of the lower through hole in the clamping area as the center point. A ball screw 1.1.8 is installed between two longitudinally arranged longitudinal feed motors 1.1.2. The longitudinal cladding positioning is achieved by rotating the longitudinal feed motors 1.1.2. A transverse feed motor 1.1.3 is installed on the ball screws 1.1.8 of the pair of longitudinal feed motors 1.1.2. The transverse feed motors 1.1.3 have through holes that mate with the ball screws 1.1.8. A third ball screw 1.1.8 is installed between the two transverse feed motors 1.1.3 to achieve transverse cladding positioning. It can achieve positioning at any point in the operating area by cooperating with the pair of longitudinal feed motors 1.1.2. A cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7 is installed on the third ball screw 1.1.8. The device has a through hole at the top that mates with the lead screw and nozzle guide rod 1.1.10, a nozzle at the bottom for spraying the cladding solution, and an inlet at the top for the cladding solution. The inlet is connected to the slurry preparation and supply component 1.1.5 via a delivery pipe 1.1.6. During operation, the slurry preparation and supply component 1.1.5 continuously stirs the internal cladding powder solution to maintain a uniform mixture and is always ready to supply slurry to the cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7. The motor, in conjunction with the nozzle, allows for the application of cladding material at any point within the operating plane. As shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8, the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2 includes an ultrasonic cleaning tank 2.1.1, a laser generator 2.1.2, a galvanometer 2.1.3, a lifting column 2.1.4, a field lens 2.1.5, an ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6, an ultrasonic-laser composite support base 2.1.7, a high-frequency signal generator 2.2.1, an electrically controlled column 2.2.2, a vibration direction-changing support platform 2.2.3, a transducer 2.2.4, an amplitude transformer 2.2.5, and a bidirectional vibration composite block 2.2.6; the ultrasonic-laser composite support base 2.1.7 is a semi-circular operating platform on its upper surface and serves as the mounting base for the entire ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2. The upper surface has a clamping area with electric magnetic contacts and a slide rail for the clamp to slide on. Below the clamping area is an ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6. When ultrasonic assistance is required, the clamp is placed on the ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6 for ultrasonic vibration assistance. The ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6 is connected to a vibration-directing support platform 2.2.3, which is connected to two mutually perpendicular amplitude transformers 2.2.5, bearing vibrations in both vertical and horizontal directions. The amplitude transformers 2.2.5 are connected to a transducer 2.2.4, which is connected to a high-frequency signal generator 2.2.1, converting the signal generated by the high-frequency signal generator 2.2.1 into vibrations that are transmitted to the amplitude transformers 2.2.5. The transducer 2.2.4 is supported by the vibration-directing support platform 2.2.3. Four electrically controlled columns 2.2.2 are installed below. The lifting and lowering of these columns, as needed, controls the tilting of the entire vibration-direction-changing support platform 2.2.3, achieving the purpose of changing the vibration direction. Lifting columns 2.1.4 are installed on the surface of the ultrasonic-laser composite support base 2.1.7. Each lifting column 2.1.4 has a trapezoidal convex slide rail, while the laser generator 2.1.2 has a concave trapezoidal slide rail. The two work together mechanically to achieve vertical movement of the laser generator 2.1.2 for laser focusing. A galvanometer 2.1.3 is connected to the laser generator 2.1.2, which in turn is connected to a field lens 2.1.5. The galvanometer 2.1.3 and field lens 2.1.5 work together to focus the laser beam at a single point on a horizontal plane. Through the coordinated operation of these components, ultrasonic vibration assistance can be freely used during laser processing. As shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11, the workpiece positioning platform 3 includes a control input console 3.1.1, a display screen 3.1.2, a material preparation area 3.1.3, an automatic centering clamp 3.2.1, a tension spring 3.2.2, a workpiece 3.2.3, an electrically controlled magnetic push rod 3.2.4, a left centering pull rod 3.2.5, and a right centering pull rod 3.2.6. The control input console 3.1.1 is a rectangular operating table with a circular shape at the rear, serving both as a control command input and human-machine interaction platform, and as the mounting base for the entire device. The upper surface of the control input console 3.1.1 has a slide rail for the clamp to slide along. At the end of the slide rail near the operating table, there is a mounting hole for the electrically controlled magnetic push rod 3.2.4 to slide along. The surface of the electrically controlled magnetic push rod 3.2.4 has electrically controlled magnetic contacts. The automatic centering clamp 3.2.1 is attracted to the electrically controlled magnetic push rod 3.2.4 through the corresponding magnetic contacts. The automatic centering clamp 3.2.1 has a slot inside, which houses two tension springs 3.2.2. One end of the tension spring 3.2.2 is connected to the clamp body, and the other end is connected to the left centering lever 3.2.5 and the right centering lever 3.2.6. Similarly, when processing workpiece 3.2.3, the operator tightens the left centering lever 3.2.5 and the right centering lever 3.2.6, concentrically fitting the workpiece 3.2.3 at the junction of the two levers, thereby completing the automatic centering and fixing. At the same time, the control input console 3.1.1 has a built-in keyboard input area and a display screen 3.1.2 on its surface, and a material preparation area 3.1.3 on the front of the control input console 3.1.1. These three together realize most of the functions of human-machine interaction, while the built-in computer completes the control of the entire system. As shown in Figure 12, the multi-station indexing turntable 4 includes a stepper motor 4.1 and a rotating platform 4.2. The rotating platform 4.2 is a frustum with concentric through holes. The rotation of the rotating platform 4.2 is controlled by a side-mounted stepper motor. The upper surface of the rotating platform 4.2 is connected to other modules. The rotation of the rotating platform 4.2 is controlled by the stepper motor 4.1, which drives the rotation of the other two modules to realize the switching of operation functions.

[0034] The accuracy guarantee of this invention comes from the overall design of the system architecture, rather than the accuracy improvement of a single component.

[0035] The rotary mechanism is designed with a unified reference: the preheating-cladding composite processing unit and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit are mounted on the same rotation center via a multi-station indexing turntable, and the positional relationship between the two units and the workpiece positioning platform remains unchanged. Regardless of how the turntable rotates or which station the workpiece flows to, the origin of the machining coordinates of the entire system remains consistent, and the coordinate system does not need to be recalibrated from the initial clamping of the workpiece to the final product. Slurry-based powder application locks in the spatial position of the powder layer: Traditional dry powder application is prone to powder displacement due to vibration or tilting during workpiece transfer, and the spatial position of the powder layer cannot remain stable after application. This invention uses a slurry-based powder application method, mixing the cladding material with a volatile liquid and coating it onto the workpiece surface. After the liquid evaporates, a self-supporting powder layer is formed, locking the position and thickness of the powder in space. Regardless of which workstation the workpiece subsequently moves to or what auxiliary processing it undergoes, the powder layer always maintains the precise position of its initial application. Multiple magnetic contacts ensure consistent positioning during the transfer process: When a workpiece moves between multiple workstations, it needs to be repositioned each time it enters a new workstation. This invention sets magnetic contacts at key connection points, so that the workpiece is positioned by electromagnetic attraction to the same reference surface each time it enters a workstation, ensuring that the processing origin of each process remains consistent and eliminating the cumulative error introduced by multiple clamping or manual alignment. The rotating mechanism ensures a unified coordinate reference, the slurry spreading ensures the powder layer position is locked, and the magnetic contact ensures consistent positioning each time. Together, these three elements ensure that the array arrangement and morphological consistency of the microstructure of the workpiece still meet the accuracy requirements after undergoing multiple processes such as preheating, powder spreading, cladding, ultrasonic assistance, and cleaning. This system-level accuracy assurance solution is a key technical feature that distinguishes it from large-area cladding patents.

[0036] The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Simultaneously pull the left centering lever 3.2.5 and the right centering lever 3.2.6 to place the workpiece 3.2.3 to be processed on the automatic centering fixture 3.2.1 and fix it. The fixed workpiece, together with the fixture, is placed on the slide groove on the control input console 3.1.1, close to the electric magnetic suction push rod 3.2.4. Step 2: By manipulating the keyboard input area on the input console 3.1.1 and the display screen 3.1.2, complete the input of the coordinates of the micro-configuration to be processed and the relevant process parameters, determine the working goal of the entire system, and at the same time determine the laser focus of this processing on the lifting column 2.1.4; Step 3: Confirm the start program. The computer controls the stepper motor 4.1 to drive the rotating platform 4.2 to rotate. The rotating platform 4.2 drives all the components connected to it to rotate, rotating the preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 to face the operator, that is, aligning the slide rail on the preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1 for the fixture to slide with the slide rail on the workpiece positioning platform 3. Then, the computer controls the electromagnetic suction push rod 3.2.4 to attract the automatic centering fixture 3.2.1 and push it forward along the slide rail to the magnetic clamping area on the preheating-cladding composite support base 1.1.9. Then, the automatic centering fixture 3.2.1 is placed on the lifting tray 1.2.4 to complete the first step of transfer. Step 4: The computer controls the lifting motor 1.2.5 to rotate, and through the gear and rack mechanism, controls the lifting tray 1.2.4 to descend to a height level with the vertical center plane of the heating auxiliary coil 1.2.3; the computer controls the heating auxiliary coil 1.2.3 to start heating, and at the same time the water chiller 1.2.1, the air chiller 1.2.6 and the exhaust fan 1.1.1 start working until the required temperature is reached; Step 5: After heating is completed, the computer-controlled lifting motor 1.2.5 rotates, and through the gear and rack mechanism, controls the lifting tray 1.2.4 to rise until it is flush with the magnetic clamping area on the preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9. The magnetic clamping area on the preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9 will automatically center and fix the clamping body 3.2.1. Subsequently, the computer-controlled longitudinal feed motor 1.1.2 and transverse feed motor 1.1.3 rotate, and under the action of the ball screw 1.1.8, the cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7 can reach the pre-input position. At the same time, the slurry preparation and supply component 1.1.5 begins to prepare the slurry. When the cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7 reaches the designated position, the uniformly mixed cladding powder slurry is supplied to the cladding slurry nozzle 1.1.7 through the infusion pipe 1.1.6 until all positions where slurry needs to be laid are completed, thus completing the powder laying process of the preheating-cladding composite processing unit 1. Step 6: After the powder spreading process is completed, the computer controls the electromagnetic suction push rod 3.2.4 to advance forward until it contacts the automatic centering clamp 3.2.1. At this time, the preheating-cladding composite support substrate 1.1.9 releases the automatic centering clamp 3.2.1, and the electromagnetic suction push rod 3.2.4 attracts the automatic centering clamp 3.2.1. Then, the electromagnetic suction push rod 3.2.4 returns to the control input console 3.1.1. When the computer confirms that the electromagnetic suction push rod 3.2.4 is in place, it controls the stepper motor 4.1 to reverse, turning the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2 to the front, that is, aligning the slide rail on the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit 2 for the clamp to slide with the slide rail on the control input console 3.1.1. Then, the electromagnetic suction push rod 3.2.4 pushes the automatic centering clamp 3.2.1 onto the electromagnetic adsorption area on the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate 2.1.7 to complete the second transfer. Step 7: The computer controls the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate 2.1.7 to adsorb the automatic centering clamp 3.2.1, and controls the laser generator 2.1.2 to emit laser light. After passing through the galvanometer 2.1.3 and the field lens 2.1.5, the laser light is focused on the workpiece 3.2.3 to be processed for laser processing. According to the information input by the operator, when ultrasonic vibration assistance is required, the high-frequency signal generator 2.2.1 emits a high-energy signal, which is transmitted to the transducer 2.2.4 to be converted into vibration. The amplitude of the vibration is changed by the amplitude transformer 2.2.5. The vibration transmitted by the amplitude transformer 2.2.5 is affected by the electrically controlled column 2.2.2 and the vibration direction-changing support platform 2.2.3 and changed to the required direction. The vibrations of the two amplitude transformers 2.2.5 converge at the bidirectional vibration composite block 2.2.6 and are transmitted to the ultrasonic output platform 2.1.6, thereby achieving the purpose of ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing of integrated cladding micro-structures. Step 8: After all the textures are inserted, the computer-controlled electromagnetic suction push rod 3.2.4 moves forward to bring the automatic centering clamp 3.2.1 back to the control input console 3.1.1. After the workpiece cools to a suitable temperature, the workpiece is placed in the ultrasonic cleaning tank 2.1.1. Then the ultrasonic cleaning tank 2.1.1 is started to clean away the excess cladding material remaining on the surface of the workpiece. This completes all operations and obtains a cladding micro-structure workpiece processed with preheating assistance and ultrasonic vibration assistance. This invention employs a slurry-based powder coating method, where a cladding material is mixed with a volatile liquid and then dripped through a nozzle onto the surface of a high-temperature workpiece. After the liquid evaporates, a self-supporting powder layer is formed. This method utilizes the surface tension and volatility of the liquid to ensure the cladding material adheres uniformly to the workpiece surface, improving material utilization. The self-supporting nature of the powder layer allows the workpiece to be transferred across workstations after powder coating, providing a technological basis for subsequent processes. Furthermore, separating powder coating from laser processing reduces the system complexity and optical path design difficulty of coaxial machining.

[0037] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, as long as the technical solutions are not contradictory, they can be permuted and combined. Those skilled in the art can exhaust all possibilities based on the mathematical knowledge of permutation and combination. Therefore, the present invention will not describe the technical solutions after permutation and combination one by one, but it should be understood that the technical solutions after permutation and combination have been disclosed by the present invention.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy, characterized in that: include: The preheating-cladding composite processing unit (1), the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit (2), the workpiece positioning platform (3), and the indexing turntable (4) are connected to the output end of the indexing turntable (4). The preheating-cladding composite processing unit (1) and the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit (2) are connected to the workpiece positioning platform (3) through the indexing turntable (4).

2. The microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating-cladding composite processing unit (1) includes a preheating-cladding composite support substrate (1.1.9), a coordinate moving component, a nozzle component and a heating component. The preheating-cladding composite support substrate (1.1.9) is equipped with a coordinate moving component, a nozzle component and a heating component. The coordinate moving component is equipped with a nozzle component. The coordinate moving component controls the movement of the nozzle component to achieve cooperation with the heating component. The heating assembly includes a thermal auxiliary coil (1.2.3), a lifting tray (1.2.4), and a lifting motor (1.2.5). The edge of the preheating-cladding composite support substrate (1.1.9) is machined with a first sliding groove. The lifting tray (1.2.4) is provided on the preheating-cladding composite support substrate (1.1.9). The clamping area above the lifting tray (1.2.4) is provided with an electric magnetic attraction contact. The lifting tray (1.2.4) is connected to the output end of the lifting motor (1.2.5). The thermal auxiliary coil (1.2.3) is provided on the side of the lifting tray (1.2.4).

3. The microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coordinate movement assembly includes a longitudinal feed motor (1.1.2), a transverse feed motor (1.1.3), a ball screw (1.1.8), and a nozzle guide rod (1.1.10). Both ends of the nozzle guide rod (1.1.10) are connected to the screw nut. The nozzle guide rod (1.1.10) is arranged parallel to the screw. Both ends of the screw are connected to the screw nut. The output end of the transverse feed motor (1.1.3) is connected to the screw. The output end of the longitudinal feed motor (1.1.2) is connected to the ball screw (1.1.8). The ball screw (1.1.8) is connected to the preheating-cladding composite bearing substrate (1.1.9). A screw nut is provided on the ball screw (1.1.8). The ball screw (1.1.8) is arranged on both sides of the lifting tray (1.2.4). The nozzle assembly includes a supply assembly (1.1.5), an infusion tube (1.1.6), and a cladding slurry nozzle (1.1.7). The cladding slurry nozzle (1.1.7) is connected to the supply assembly (1.1.5) via the infusion tube (1.1.6). The cladding slurry nozzle (1.1.7) is slidably connected to the nozzle guide rod (1.1.10). The cladding slurry nozzle (1.1.7) is threadedly connected to the lead screw. The cladding slurry nozzle (1.1.7) is mounted above the lifting tray (1.2.4).

4. The microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preheating-cladding composite processing unit (1) also includes a cooling component, which includes an exhaust fan (1.1.1), a water circulation system (1.1.4), a water chiller (1.2.1), an exhaust duct (1.2.2), and an air chiller (1.2.6); the lifting motor (1.2.5) is located inside the exhaust duct (1.2.2), the air chiller (1.2.6) is installed at the bottom of the exhaust duct (1.2.2), and the upper part of the exhaust duct (1.2.2) is connected to the exhaust fan (1.1.1); the preheating-cladding composite bearing substrate (1.1.9) is provided with a water circulation system inlet (1.1.4) in the middle, and the water circulation system inlet (1.1.4) is connected to the water chiller (1.2.1).

5. The microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit (2) includes an ultrasonic cleaning tank (2.1.1), a laser generator (2.1.2), a galvanometer (2.1.3), a lifting column (2.1.4), a field lens (2.1.5), an ultrasonic output platform (2.1.6), an ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate (2.1.7), a high-frequency signal generator (2.2.1), an electrically controlled column (2.2.2), a vibration direction-changing support platform (2.2.3), a transducer (2.2.4), an amplitude transformer (2.2.5), and a bidirectional vibration composite block (2.2.6). The ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate (2.1.7) has a second groove machined on its edge. An ultrasonic output platform (2.1.6) is provided on the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate (2.1.7). An electric magnetic suction contact is provided in the clamping area above the ultrasonic output platform (2.1.6). An ultrasonic cleaning tank is provided on one side of the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate (2.1.7). 2.1.1), A lifting column (2.1.4) is provided on the other side of the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate (2.1.7). The output end of the lifting column (2.1.4) is connected to the laser generator (2.1.2). The laser generator (2.1.2), galvanometer (2.1.3), and field lens (2.1.5) are connected in sequence. The field lens (2.1.5) is correspondingly set above the ultrasonic output platform (2.1.6). Two vertically arranged amplitude rods (2.2.5) are connected to the bidirectional vibration composite block (2.2.6). The amplitude rods (2.2.5) are connected to the vibration direction-changing support platform (2.2.3) through the transducer (2.2.4). The high-frequency signal generator (2.2.1) is electrically connected to the transducer (2.2.4).

6. The microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vibration-direction support platform (2.2.3) is connected to four evenly arranged electrically controlled columns (2.2.2).

7. The microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preheating-cladding composite support substrate (1.1.9) is semi-cylindrical, the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate (2.1.7) is semi-cylindrical, the preheating-cladding composite support substrate (1.1.9) and the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate (2.1.7) form a cylinder, and the lower part of the preheating-cladding composite support substrate (1.1.9) and the ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate (2.1.7) is connected to the indexing turntable (4).

8. The microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The workpiece positioning platform (3) includes an automatic centering clamp body (3.2.1), a spring (3.2.2), an electrically controlled magnetic push rod (3.2.4), a left centering pull rod (3.2.5), and a right centering pull rod (3.2.6). The automatic centering clamp body (3.2.1) has a first slot and a second slot. The vertical sections of the left centering pull rod (3.2.5) and the right centering pull rod (3.2.6) are slidably arranged in the first slot. Two symmetrical springs (3.2.2) are arranged in the second slot. One end of the spring (3.2.2) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the second slot, and the other end of the spring (3.2.2) is fixedly connected to the horizontal section of the centering rod on the same side. The horizontal sections of the left centering rod (3.2.5) and the right centering rod (3.2.6) are used to clamp the workpiece (3.2.3). Magnetic suction contacts are provided on both sides of the automatic centering clamp body (3.2.1). A third slide is machined on the workpiece positioning platform (3), and an electrically controlled magnetic suction push rod (3.2.4) is provided in the third slide.

9. The microstructure preparation device with multi-energy field assisted process synergy according to claim 8, characterized in that: The indexing turntable (4) includes a stepper motor (4.1) and a rotating platform (4.2). The output end of the stepper motor (4.1) is connected to a worm gear, which meshes with a worm wheel. The worm wheel is connected to the rotating platform (4.2), which is connected to the preheating-cladding composite bearing substrate (1.1.9) and the ultrasonic-laser composite bearing substrate (2.1.7).

10. A method for preparing a microstructure preparation device based on the synergistic effect of multi-energy field assisted processes according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Simultaneously pull the left centering lever (3.2.5) and the right centering lever (3.2.6) to place the workpiece (3.2.3) to be processed onto the automatic centering fixture (3.2.1) and fix it in place. The fixed workpiece, along with the fixture, is then placed on the control input console. On the slide groove of 3.1.1), the electrically controlled magnetic push rod (3.2.4) is closely attached. Step 2: Determine the laser focus for this processing on the lifting column (2.1.4); Step 3: The stepper motor (4.1) drives the rotating platform (4.2) to rotate, and the rotating platform (4.2) drives the component to rotate, so that the preheating-cladding composite processing unit (1) is rotated to face the operator, that is, the slide rail on the preheating-cladding composite processing unit (1) for the fixture to slide is aligned with the slide rail on the workpiece positioning platform (3). The electromagnetic suction and control push rod (3.2.4) attracts the automatic centering fixture (3.2.1) and pushes it forward along the slide rail to the magnetic clamping area on the preheating-cladding composite support base (1.1.9). Then the automatic centering fixture (3.2.1) is placed on the lifting tray (1.2.4) to complete the first step of transfer. Step 4: The lifting motor (1.2.5) controls the lifting tray (1.2.4) to descend to a height level with the vertical center plane of the thermal auxiliary coil (1.2.3); the thermal auxiliary coil (1.2.3) starts heating, and at the same time the water chiller (1.2.1), air chiller (1.2.6) and exhaust fan (1.1.1) start working until the required temperature is reached; Step 5: After heating is complete, the lifting motor (1.2.5) rotates, and through the gear and rack mechanism, controls the lifting tray (1.2.4) to rise to be flush with the magnetic clamping area on the preheated-cladding composite support substrate (1.1.9). The magnetic clamping area on the preheated-cladding composite support substrate (1.1.9) will attract and fix the automatic centering clamp (3.2.1). Subsequently, the longitudinal feed motor (1.1.2) and the transverse feed motor (1.1.3) rotate, and the ball screw (1.

1. Under the action of 8), the cladding slurry nozzle (1.1.7) can reach the pre-input position; at the same time, the slurry preparation and supply component (1.1.5) starts to prepare slurry. When the cladding slurry nozzle (1.1.7) reaches the designated position, the uniformly mixed cladding powder slurry is supplied to the cladding slurry nozzle (1.1.7) through the liquid delivery pipe (1.1.6) until all the positions where slurry needs to be laid are laid, that is, the powder laying process of the preheating-cladding composite processing unit (1) is completed. Step 6: After the powder spreading process is completed, the electromagnetic suction and control push rod (3.2.4) advances forward until it contacts the automatic centering clamp (3.2.1). At this time, the preheated-cladding composite carrier substrate (1.1.9) releases the automatic centering clamp (3.2.1), and the electromagnetic suction and control push rod (3.2.4) attracts the automatic centering clamp (3.2.1). Subsequently, the electromagnetic suction and control push rod (3.2.4) returns to the control input console (3.1.1). When the computer confirms the electromagnetic suction and control... After the push rod (3.2.4) is in place, the stepper motor (4.1) is reversed to turn the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit (2) to the front, that is, the slide rail on the ultrasonic-laser composite processing unit (2) for the fixture to slide is aligned with the slide rail on the control input console (3.1.1). Then the electromagnetic suction push rod (3.2.4) pushes the automatic centering fixture (3.2.1) to the electromagnetic adsorption area on the ultrasonic-laser composite carrier substrate (2.1.7) to complete the second transfer. Step 7: The ultrasonic-laser composite support substrate (2.1.7) adsorbs the automatic centering clamp (3.2.1) and controls the laser generator (2.1.2) to emit laser light. After passing through the galvanometer (2.1.3) and field mirror (2.1.5), the laser light is focused on the workpiece (3.2.3) to be processed for laser processing. When ultrasonic vibration assistance is required, the high-frequency signal generator (2.2.1) emits a high-energy signal, which is transmitted to the transducer (2.2.4) to be converted into vibration. The amplitude of the vibration is changed by the amplitude transformer (2.2.5). The vibration transmitted by the amplitude transformer (2.2.5) will be affected by the electrically controlled column (2.2.2) and the vibration direction-changing support platform (2.2.3) and changed to the required direction. The vibration of the two amplitude transformers (2.2.5) converges in the bidirectional vibration composite block (2.2.6) and is transmitted to the ultrasonic output platform (2.1.6), thereby achieving the purpose of ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing of integrated cladding micro-structures. Step 8: After all the textures are inserted, the electromagnetic suction control push rod (3.2.4) moves forward to bring the automatic centering clamp (3.2.1) back to the control input console. 3.1.1) After the workpiece has cooled to a suitable temperature, it is placed in the ultrasonic cleaning tank (2.1.1). Then the ultrasonic cleaning tank (2.1.1) is started to clean away the excess cladding material remaining on the surface of the workpiece. This completes all operations and obtains a cladding micro-structure workpiece processed with preheating assistance and ultrasonic vibration assistance.

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