A box-type substation shell plate processing equipment

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of sheet metal processing technology, specifically disclosing a sheet metal processing equipment for prefabricated substation enclosures, including a frame, a support platform, a motion mechanism, a laser processing head, a dust collection assembly, and a controller. The dust collection assembly includes a direction adjustment seat, a flexible dust collection hood, an expansion / contraction drive assembly, and a negative pressure component. The direction adjustment seat can rotate around the light emission direction of the laser processing head, keeping the rear dust collection section of the flexible dust collection hood positioned behind the laser processing head's direction of motion. The flexible dust collection hood includes a rear dust collection section and two side expansion sections. The rear dust collection section can extend or retract laterally under the action of the expansion / contraction drive assembly, causing the two side expansion sections to move outward or close together. This structure allows the dust collection area to adjust with the processing direction and changes the lateral coverage range according to the processing speed, thereby reducing the deposition of dust on the cut seams and the surface of the sheet metal during laser processing of the prefabricated substation enclosure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sheet metal processing technology, and specifically to a sheet metal processing equipment for prefabricated substation shells. Background Technology

[0002] The outer shell of a prefabricated substation is typically assembled from multiple machined sheet metal panels. Before assembly, these panels require external contour cutting, hole drilling, and grooving. When laser processing equipment is used to process the outer shell panels, a support platform supports and positions the panels, while a motion mechanism moves the laser processing head along a preset path. The laser beam acts on the panels to create cuts or grooves. The processing area generates fumes, fine particles, and heat plumes. If these impurities are not promptly removed, they can accumulate on the panel surface, cut edges, and near the laser processing head, potentially affecting subsequent processing and the cleaning of the equipment's interior.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN114799557A discloses a special laser cutting machine for sheet metal equipped with a zoned dust removal device. It includes a machine tool, a moving pile, a sliding pile, a fixed plate, and an exhaust mechanism. The sliding pile can move relative to the moving pile. The exhaust mechanism is located on the rear side of the sliding pile. The fixed plate has an air groove inside that cooperates with the exhaust mechanism to discharge the smoke and dust generated during the laser cutting of the sheet metal.

[0004] The aforementioned sheet metal laser cutting equipment can handle processing fumes through its exhaust system. However, when the laser processing head moves along the continuous trajectory of the sheet metal contour, holes, and grooves, fumes and heat plumes form a delayed diffusion area behind the processing point. When the laser processing head moves in different directions or changes direction at corners, the fixed-position or fixed-range suction area cannot consistently correspond to the main fume diffusion location. Simultaneously, the speed of the laser processing head varies in straight sections, corner sections, and local processing areas, causing changes in the lateral diffusion range of fumes behind the processing point. Using a fixed-shape and fixed-position suction port makes it difficult to simultaneously achieve both high-speed local suction intensity and low-speed lateral coverage. Therefore, existing sheet metal laser processing equipment still suffers from insufficient matching between the suction area and the laser processing head's movement and fume diffusion area. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a processing equipment for the outer shell of a box-type substation, which aims to solve the problem in related technologies that the dust collection area is difficult to adjust according to the movement direction and speed of the laser processing head, resulting in insufficient collection of processing dust in the delayed diffusion area.

[0006] A processing equipment for prefabricated substation shell panels includes a frame, a support platform, a motion mechanism, a laser processing head, a dust collection assembly, and a controller. The support platform is mounted on the frame and is used to support the prefabricated substation shell panels. The motion mechanism drives the laser processing head to move relative to the support platform. The dust collection assembly includes a direction adjustment seat, a flexible dust collection hood, an expansion / contraction drive assembly, and a negative pressure component. The direction adjustment seat is located outside the laser processing head and can rotate around the laser's emission direction. The flexible dust collection hood is connected to the direction adjustment seat and communicates with the negative pressure component. The flexible dust collection hood includes a rear dust collection section and two transversely connected sides of the rear dust collection section. The system has two side expansion sections, with the rear dust extraction section located behind the laser processing head in the direction of movement and having a lateral folding section. The lateral sides are perpendicular to the direction of movement of the laser processing head. The controller controls the rotation of the direction adjustment seat according to the direction of movement of the laser processing head so that the rear dust extraction section remains behind the direction of movement of the laser processing head. The controller also controls the expansion and contraction drive assembly according to the speed of movement of the laser processing head so that the rear dust extraction section extends laterally when the speed of movement of the laser processing head decreases, causing the two side expansion sections to move laterally outward, and contracts laterally when the speed of movement of the laser processing head increases, causing the two side expansion sections to move closer to the rear dust extraction section.

[0007] Its effect is as follows: By setting the direction adjustment seat on the outside of the laser processing head and allowing it to rotate around the laser head's emission direction, the flexible dust collection hood can change its circumferential position according to the change in the laser processing head's movement direction, keeping the rear dust collection section behind the laser processing head's movement direction. This ensures that the dust collection area corresponds to the delayed diffusion position of smoke and heat plumes during the laser processing of the sheet metal. The rear dust collection section is equipped with a lateral folding section as the main deformation part. The controller controls the expansion and contraction drive component to operate according to the laser processing head's movement speed. When the laser processing head moves at high speed, the rear dust collection section contracts laterally and drives the two side expansion sections to move closer together, concentrating the dust collection area and increasing the local suction intensity behind the processing point when the suction flow rate of the negative pressure component is the same or similar. When the laser processing head moves at low speed, the rear dust collection section extends laterally and drives the two side expansion sections to move outward, increasing the rear dust collection coverage area to correspond to the areas where smoke and dust diffuse to both sides of the processing path. When the laser processing head moves and turns along the outer contour, opening contour or slotting path of the box-type substation shell plate, the direction adjustment seat can synchronously change the circumferential position of the flexible dust suction hood relative to the laser processing head, and the expansion and contraction drive component further changes the rear dust suction width according to the movement speed, so that the dust suction position and dust suction range correspond to the processing direction and the dust diffusion range, respectively, reducing the deposition of dust on the plate surface and the edge of the cut, and reducing the possibility of dust entering the area around the optical components and motion guide components of the laser processing head.

[0008] Furthermore, the direction adjustment seat includes a fixed ring, a rotating ring, and a rotation drive component. The fixed ring is connected to the outside of the laser processing head, and the rotating ring is rotatably mounted on the fixed ring, circumferentially rotating around the laser processing head in the light emission direction. The flexible dust collection hood is connected to the rotating ring, and the rotation drive component drives the rotating ring to rotate relative to the fixed ring. The effect is that the rotating ring can serve as the basis for adjusting the circumferential position of the flexible dust collection hood, allowing the flexible dust collection hood to stably rotate as the processing direction changes.

[0009] Furthermore, a driven gear ring is provided on the rotary ring, and the rotary drive component includes a drive motor and a drive gear connected to the output end of the drive motor. The drive gear meshes with the driven gear ring to drive the rotary ring to rotate. The effect is that the gear and gear ring meshing transmission has high precision and fast response speed, making it easy to control the rear dust collection section to accurately stay behind in the direction of movement.

[0010] Furthermore, the flexible dust collection hood is equipped with multiple flexible support ribs, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the rear suction section and the side expansion section. These ribs are used to prevent the flexible dust collection hood from collapsing inward during negative pressure suction. The effect is that the flexible support ribs can maintain the internal channel shape of the flexible dust collection hood, preventing the hood from contracting and blocking the suction channel during negative pressure suction.

[0011] Furthermore, each of the two side expansion sections is connected to a rigid U-shaped ring. The two U-shaped rings are located on the lateral sides of the rear suction section, and the two moving ends of the expansion and contraction drive assembly are connected to the two U-shaped rings respectively, used to drive the two U-shaped rings to move closer or further apart. The effect is that the U-shaped rings provide stable force boundaries on both lateral sides of the rear suction section, making the shape of the rear suction section more controllable when it extends and contracts laterally.

[0012] Furthermore, the expansion / contraction drive assembly includes two retaining rods, a scissor linkage assembly, and a telescopic drive component. The bottom ends of the two retaining rods are hinged to two U-shaped rings, and the top ends of the two retaining rods are hinged to a rotary ring. The scissor linkage assembly is positioned between the two U-shaped rings, with its two moving ends hinged to the two U-shaped rings. The telescopic drive component connects the rotary ring and the scissor linkage assembly. When the telescopic drive component extends or retracts, it drives the scissor linkage assembly to open or close, causing the two U-shaped rings to move away from or towards each other, and causing the rear suction section to extend or retract laterally. The effect is that the scissor linkage assembly can convert the extension / retraction action of the telescopic drive component into synchronous lateral movement of the two U-shaped rings, and the retaining rods can restrict the movement posture of the U-shaped rings, ensuring that the rear suction section maintains a stable shape during lateral expansion and contraction.

[0013] Furthermore, an annular flow channel is provided between the fixed ring and the rotating ring, and a connecting flow channel is provided on the rotating ring to connect the flexible dust suction hood and the annular flow channel. The fixed ring has a connecting port to connect the negative pressure component and the annular flow channel. The effect is that the annular flow channel can keep the flexible dust suction hood connected to the negative pressure component during the rotation of the rotating ring, reducing the risk of the flexible tube twisting and tangling with the rotating ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the negative pressure component includes a dust collection box, a fan, a filter element, and a flexible tube. The filter element is installed inside the dust collection box, the fan is connected to the dust collection box, and one end of the flexible tube is connected to the connecting port, while the other end is connected to the dust collection box. The advantages are that the flexible tube facilitates the connection between the fixing ring and the dust collection box, the filter element can trap the drawn-in dust, and the fan provides stable negative pressure for the flexible dust collection hood.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a speed detection unit and a direction detection unit. The speed detection unit is used to detect the movement speed of the laser processing head, and the direction detection unit is used to detect the movement direction of the laser processing head. The controller is electrically connected to the speed detection unit, the direction detection unit, the direction adjustment seat, and the expansion and contraction drive assembly, respectively. The effect is that the controller can adjust the position and deployment state of the flexible dust collection hood in real time based on the speed and direction signals, improving the automation level of dust removal adjustment.

[0016] Furthermore, the rotation axis of the direction adjustment seat is coaxial with the light emission direction of the laser processing head. When the laser processing head turns, the controller controls the direction adjustment seat to rotate around the rotation axis, so that the flexible dust collection hood changes its circumferential position relative to the laser processing head as the laser processing head moves. The effect is that the flexible dust collection hood can be circumferentially adjusted around the light emission direction, and the turning process does not change the processing relationship between the laser processing head and the outer shell plate.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention using the above technical solution are as follows: the dust collection component can maintain rear dust collection according to the movement direction of the laser processing head, and change the lateral coverage range according to the movement speed, so that the dust collection position is more consistent with the dust diffusion area; the flexible dust collection hood, flexible support ribs and U-shaped ring work together to maintain the deformation capacity while keeping the dust collection channel unobstructed; the annular flow channel keeps the negative pressure channel continuously connected during the rotation adjustment process, reducing the impact of pipeline torsion; the detection component and controller work together to realize the linkage control of direction and speed, improving the dust removal stability during the laser processing of the shell plate of the box-type substation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view at point AA.

[0020] Figure 3This is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed ring, rotating ring, and rotating drive component.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view at point BB.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of point C in the middle.

[0023] Reference numerals: 1. Laser processing head; 2. Dust collection assembly; 21. Direction adjustment seat; 211. Fixing ring; 2111. Connecting port; 212. Rotating ring; 2121. Driven gear ring; 2122. Connecting flow channel; 213. Drive motor; 214. Drive gear; 215. Annular flow channel; 22. Flexible dust collection hood; 221. Rear dust collection section; 222. Side expansion section; 223. Flexible support rib; 224. U-shaped ring; 23. Expansion and contraction drive assembly; 231. Holding rod; 232. Scissor linkage assembly; 233. Telescopic drive component. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0025] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a prefabricated substation shell sheet metal processing equipment includes a frame, a support platform, a motion mechanism, a laser processing head 1, a dust collection assembly 2, and a controller. The support platform is mounted on the frame, the motion mechanism is mounted on the frame, the laser processing head 1 is mounted on the motion mechanism, the dust collection assembly 2 is located outside the laser processing head 1, and the controller is electrically connected to the motion mechanism, the laser processing head 1, and the dust collection assembly 2.

[0026] The frame forms the foundation for the entire machine installation, upon which the processing area is located. A support platform is positioned within the processing area of ​​the frame to support and position the enclosure panels of the prefabricated substation. The enclosure panels remain stable on the support platform, allowing the laser processing head 1 to complete the outer contour cutting, hole drilling, or grooving according to a preset path, and minimizing the impact of panel position changes on the processing path and dust collection location.

[0027] The motion mechanism is used to drive the laser processing head 1 to move relative to the support platform. In this embodiment, the motion mechanism includes a transverse guide rail, a longitudinal guide rail, a movable seat, and a lifting seat. The transverse and longitudinal guide rails cooperate to form a planar motion base. The movable seat is used to drive the laser processing head 1 to move along a preset processing trajectory. The lifting seat is used to adjust the distance between the light-emitting end of the laser processing head 1 and the surface of the enclosure plate of the box-type substation. The controller controls the motion mechanism to move according to the preset processing program, so that the laser processing head 1 moves continuously along a straight segment, a curved segment, or a corner segment.

[0028] The laser processing head 1 is used to output a laser beam, and the beam emission direction of the laser processing head 1 is towards the box-type substation shell plate on the support platform. In this embodiment, the laser processing head 1 includes a focusing lens group, a protective lens, and a beam emission end, which is located at the lower part of the laser processing head 1. When the laser processing head 1 cuts, drills holes, or grooves the shell plate, it generates smoke and fine particles at the processing point and around the cut. Because the laser processing head 1 moves relative to the plate, the smoke and heat plume usually diffuse backward relative to the processing point in the direction of movement with a lag. Therefore, the dust collection component 2 needs to change its position relative to the laser processing head 1 according to the processing direction.

[0029] The dust collection assembly 2 includes a direction adjustment seat 21, a flexible dust collection hood 22, an expansion / contraction drive assembly 23, and a negative pressure component. The direction adjustment seat 21 is located outside the laser processing head 1. The flexible dust collection hood 22 is connected to the direction adjustment seat 21. The expansion / contraction drive assembly 23 connects the direction adjustment seat 21 and the flexible dust collection hood 22. The negative pressure component is in communication with the flexible dust collection hood 22. The direction adjustment seat 21 can rotate around the light emission direction of the laser processing head 1, causing the flexible dust collection hood 22 to change its circumferential position around the laser processing head 1. The controller controls the rotation of the direction adjustment seat 21 according to the movement direction of the laser processing head 1, keeping the flexible dust collection hood 22 behind the laser processing head 1 in its direction of movement.

[0030] The direction adjustment seat 21 includes a fixed ring 211, a rotating ring 212, and a rotation drive component. The fixed ring 211 is connected to the outside of the laser processing head 1. In this embodiment, the fixed ring 211 is fixed to the housing of the laser processing head 1 by a clamp (in other embodiments, the fixed ring 211 is fixed to the housing of the laser processing head 1 or the lifting seat by a connecting plate or mounting base). The rotating ring 212 is rotatably mounted on the fixed ring 211 around the light emission direction of the laser processing head 1. A ball bearing is provided between the rotating ring 212 and the fixed ring 211 to reduce rotational resistance (in other embodiments, a roller or a sliding wear-resistant ring is provided between the rotating ring 212 and the fixed ring 211). A flexible dust suction hood 22 is connected to the rotating ring 212. When the rotating ring 212 rotates, it drives the flexible dust suction hood 22 to change its circumferential position synchronously.

[0031] A driven gear ring 2121 is provided on the rotating ring 212. The rotation drive includes a drive motor 213 and a drive gear 214 connected to the output end of the drive motor 213. The drive motor 213 is fixed on the fixed ring 211, and the drive gear 214 meshes with the driven gear ring 2121. When the drive motor 213 rotates, the drive gear 214 drives the driven gear ring 2121 to rotate, and the driven gear ring 2121 drives the rotating ring 212 to rotate relative to the fixed ring 211, thereby changing the circumferential position of the flexible dust collection cover 22 relative to the laser processing head 1. In this embodiment, the drive motor 213 is a servo motor (in other embodiments, the drive motor 213 is a stepper motor) so as to perform angular positioning according to the direction signal output by the controller.

[0032] The flexible dust collection hood 22 includes a rear dust collection section 221 and two side expansion sections 222 connected to the lateral sides of the rear dust collection section 221. The rear dust collection section 221 is positioned behind the laser processing head 1 in the direction of movement, and its lower end forms a rear dust collection area facing the outer shell of the box-type substation. The rear dust collection section 221 has a lateral folding portion, which is the main deformation part of the flexible dust collection hood 22. The two side expansion sections 222 are located on the lateral sides of the rear dust collection section 221, which refer to the sides perpendicular to the direction of movement of the laser processing head 1 when the flexible dust collection hood 22 is positioned behind the laser processing head 1 in the direction of movement. When the rear suction section 221 extends laterally, it causes the two side expansion sections 222 to move laterally outward, and the flexible suction hood 22 forms a wider coverage area behind the processing point; when the rear suction section 221 retracts laterally, it causes the two side expansion sections 222 to move towards the rear suction section 221, and the flexible suction hood 22 forms a narrower and more concentrated suction area behind the processing point.

[0033] In this embodiment, the flexible dust collection hood 22 is made of heat-resistant silicone, and the rear dust collection section 221 and the side expansion section 222 are integrally formed (in other embodiments, the flexible dust collection hood 22 is made of wear-resistant rubber, flexible high-temperature resistant composite sheet, or flexible corrugated cover, and the rear dust collection section 221 and the side expansion section 222 are connected by flexible connecting edges). The lower end of the flexible dust collection hood 22 is positioned close to the surface of the outer shell plate of the box-type substation to shorten the distance that dust needs to enter the dust collection channel. Because the flexible dust collection hood 22 is made of flexible material, even when the direction adjustment seat 21 rotates or the rear dust collection section 221 is laterally expanded and approaches the surface of the outer shell plate, its own deformation can reduce the risk of scratches.

[0034] The flexible dust collection hood 22 is provided with multiple flexible support ribs 223, which are spaced apart along the extending direction of the rear suction section 221 and the side expansion section 222. In this embodiment, the flexible support ribs 223 are embedded in the wall of the flexible dust collection hood 22 (in other embodiments, the flexible support ribs 223 are fixed to the outer surface of the flexible dust collection hood 22). The flexible support ribs 223 have a certain elasticity and resilience. When the negative pressure component is suctioning, the flexible support ribs 223 support the wall of the flexible dust collection hood 22, restricting the wall from collapsing inward, thereby keeping the dust collection channels inside the rear suction section 221 and the side expansion section 222 unobstructed.

[0035] Two side expansion sections 222 are each connected to a rigid U-shaped ring 224, which are located on opposite sides of the rear suction section 221. The U-shaped rings 224 extend along the bottom edge of the side expansion section 222. In this embodiment, the U-shaped rings 224 are made of a lightweight metal strip (in other embodiments, they are made of a heat-resistant engineering plastic strip or elastic steel wire). The U-shaped rings 224 provide forming boundaries on both sides of the rear suction section 221, enabling the rear suction section 221 to form a stable expansion opening when extending laterally and to fold regularly when contracting laterally. The two moving ends of the expansion / contraction drive assembly 23 are connected to the two U-shaped rings 224, thereby driving the rear suction section 221 to contract or extend laterally by moving the U-shaped rings 224 closer to or further away from each other.

[0036] The expansion / contraction drive assembly 23 includes two retaining rods 231, a scissor link assembly 232, and a telescopic drive member 233. The bottom ends of the two retaining rods 231 are hinged to two U-shaped rings 224, and the top ends of the two retaining rods 231 are hinged to a rotating ring 212. The retaining rods 231 constrain the swing range of the U-shaped rings 224 relative to the rotating ring 212, ensuring that the two U-shaped rings 224 maintain a basically symmetrical motion posture during the lateral extension and retraction of the rear suction section 221. The scissor link assembly 232 is disposed between the two U-shaped rings 224, and the two moving ends at the bottom of the scissor link assembly 232 are hinged to the two U-shaped rings 224. The telescopic drive member 233 connects the rotating ring 212 and the scissor link assembly 232. In this embodiment, the telescopic drive member 233 is an electric push rod (in other embodiments, the telescopic drive member 233 is a miniature cylinder or a linear motor).

[0037] When the telescopic drive 233 extends, it pushes the scissor linkage assembly 232 to open. The two moving ends at the bottom of the scissor linkage assembly 232 move away from each other, and the two moving ends drive the two U-shaped rings 224 to move laterally to both sides. The lateral folding portion of the rear suction section 221 extends laterally with the two U-shaped rings 224, and the two side expansion sections 222 move outward with the corresponding U-shaped rings 224. When the telescopic drive 233 retracts, it drives the scissor linkage assembly 232 to close. The two moving ends at the bottom of the scissor linkage assembly 232 move closer to each other, and the two U-shaped rings 224 move towards the rear suction section 221. The lateral folding portion of the rear suction section 221 contracts laterally with the two U-shaped rings 224, and the two side expansion sections 222 move closer with the corresponding U-shaped rings 224. Through the transmission of the scissor linkage assembly 232, the rear suction section 221 can stably extend or retract laterally, so that the suction coverage area of ​​the flexible dust hood 22 remains relatively symmetrical.

[0038] The telescopic drive component 233 is an electric telescopic rod. A power supply ring that is electrically connected to the electric telescopic rod is installed on the rotating ring 212. A conductive connector that is electrically connected to the power supply ring is installed on the fixed ring 211 (both the power supply ring and the conductive connector are conventional settings and are not shown in the figure).

[0039] An annular flow channel 215 is provided between the fixed ring 211 and the rotating ring 212. The annular flow channel 215 extends circumferentially along the fixed ring 211 and the rotating ring 212. The rotating ring 212 has a connecting flow channel 2122 that connects the flexible dust suction hood 22 and the annular flow channel 215. The fixed ring 211 has a connecting port 2111 that connects the negative pressure component and the annular flow channel 215. Because the annular flow channel 215 is arranged circumferentially, even if the rotating ring 212 rotates relative to the fixed ring 211, the connecting flow channel 2122 can still maintain communication with the annular flow channel 215. Dust in the flexible dust suction hood 22 enters the annular flow channel 215 through the connecting flow channel 2122, and then enters the negative pressure component through the connecting port 2111.

[0040] The negative pressure system includes a dust collection box, a fan, a filter element, and a flexible tube. The filter element is housed inside the dust collection box, the fan is connected to the dust collection box, and one end of the flexible tube is connected to the connecting port 2111, while the other end is connected to the dust collection box. When the fan is operating, a negative pressure channel is formed between the flexible dust collection hood 22, the connecting flow channel 2122, the annular flow channel 215, the connecting port 2111, the flexible tube, and the dust collection box. Dust and fine particles generated during laser processing of the outer shell are drawn into the flexible dust collection hood 22 and then into the dust collection box, where they are trapped by the filter element. The flexible tube is connected to the connecting port 2111 of the fixed ring 211 and does not need to twist significantly with the rotating ring 212, which helps maintain pipeline stability.

[0041] A speed detector is used to detect the movement speed of the laser processing head 1, and a direction detector is used to detect the movement direction of the laser processing head 1. In this embodiment, the speed detector and the direction detector are the encoder and servo driver feedback module of the motion mechanism itself (in other embodiments, the speed detector and the direction detector are separately set position sensors, speed sensors, or direction judgment modules). The controller controls the direction adjustment seat 21 and the expansion and contraction drive assembly 23 to operate according to the detection results of the speed detector and the direction detector.

[0042] The controller controls the rotary drive to operate based on the motion direction detected by the direction detection component, causing the rotary ring 212 to rotate around the light emission direction of the laser processing head 1, thereby keeping the rear dust collection section 221 positioned behind the laser processing head 1 in its direction of motion. When the direction of motion of the laser processing head 1 changes, the controller controls the direction adjustment seat 21 to rotate around the rotation axis, causing the flexible dust collection cover 22 to change its circumferential position relative to the laser processing head 1 as the direction of motion changes. Because the flexible dust collection cover 22 has flexible deformation capability, the direction adjustment seat 21 does not need to control the retraction of the rear dust collection section 221 before turning, which also reduces the risk of hard interference with the outer shell plate or positioning structure.

[0043] The controller also controls the expansion and contraction drive assembly 23 to operate based on the motion speed detected by the speed detector. When the laser processing head 1 moves faster, the controller controls the expansion and contraction drive assembly 233 to move, causing the scissor linkage assembly 232 to retract, and the two U-shaped rings 224 to move closer to the rear suction section 221. The rear suction section 221 then contracts laterally, causing the two side expansion sections 222 to move closer together. At this time, the flexible dust suction hood 22 forms a narrow suction area behind the processing point, which can improve the local suction intensity when the flow rate of the negative pressure component is the same or similar. When the laser processing head 1 moves slower, the controller controls the expansion and contraction drive assembly 233 to move in the opposite direction, causing the scissor linkage assembly 232 to open, and the two U-shaped rings 224 to move laterally away. The rear suction section 221 then extends laterally, causing the two side expansion sections 222 to move outward. At this time, the flexible dust suction hood 22 forms a wide suction area behind the processing point, which is used to cover the area where dust spreads laterally to the rear during low-speed processing.

[0044] Working Principle: Before processing, the outer shell of the prefabricated substation is placed on the support platform and positioned. The controller controls the motion mechanism to move the laser processing head 1 to the starting processing position. After the negative pressure component is activated, a negative pressure is formed inside the flexible dust collection hood 22. The direction detection component obtains the initial movement direction of the laser processing head 1, and the controller controls the rotary drive component to rotate the rotary ring 212, so that the rear dust collection section 221 of the flexible dust collection hood 22 is located behind the movement direction of the laser processing head 1. The speed detection component obtains the movement speed of the laser processing head 1, and the controller controls the expansion and contraction drive component 23 according to the movement speed, so that the rear dust collection section 221 is in a lateral extension state or a lateral contraction state corresponding to the current movement speed.

[0045] During normal processing, the laser processing head 1 moves along a preset path and performs laser processing on the outer shell of the box-type substation. The smoke and fine particles generated at the processing point form a delayed diffusion area behind the processing point along with the heat plume. The rear suction section 221 remains positioned corresponding to this delayed diffusion area, and the negative pressure component continuously draws in the smoke through the rear suction section 221. When the laser processing head 1 moves at high speed, the rear suction section 221 contracts laterally, concentrating the suction area behind the processing point, allowing the generated smoke to be carried into the flexible suction hood 22 by a strong local airflow. When the laser processing head 1 moves at low speed or moves within a local processing area, the rear suction section 221 extends laterally, expanding the suction area to both sides perpendicular to the direction of movement, covering and capturing the laterally diffused smoke behind the processing point.

[0046] When the laser processing head 1 enters a corner or curved path, the direction detection component continuously outputs information on changes in the direction of motion. The controller controls the rotation ring 212 to rotate according to the changes in the direction of motion, so that the flexible dust collection cover 22 adjusts its circumferential position according to the changes in the direction of motion. Since the rotation axis of the direction adjustment seat 21 is coaxial with the light emission direction of the laser processing head 1, the flexible dust collection cover 22 does not change the light emission state of the laser processing head 1 when adjusting its position around the laser processing head 1. During the turning process, the flexible dust collection cover 22 maintains its shape by relying on its own flexibility and flexible support ribs 223, so that it can rotate with the direction adjustment seat 21 and maintain the unobstructed negative pressure channel.

[0047] After processing, the controller controls the negative pressure component to operate for a delayed period, allowing residual dust in the flexible dust collection hood 22, annular flow channel 215, and flexible tube to continue entering the dust collection box. The filter element traps the dust entering the dust collection box, and the fan discharges the filtered gas. Through the above process, the dust collection assembly 2 ensures that the position of the flexible dust collection hood 22 always corresponds to the rear of the laser processing head 1, and adjusts the dust collection range according to the movement speed, thereby improving the targeting and stability of dust removal during the laser processing of the box-type substation shell panels.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing equipment for prefabricated substation shell panels, comprising a frame, a support platform, a motion mechanism, a laser processing head, a dust collection assembly, and a controller, wherein the support platform is mounted on the frame and used to support the prefabricated substation shell panels, and the motion mechanism is used to drive the laser processing head to move relative to the support platform, characterized in that: The dust collection assembly includes a direction adjustment seat, a flexible dust collection hood, an expansion and contraction drive assembly, and a negative pressure component. The direction adjustment seat is located outside the laser processing head and can rotate around its light emission direction. The flexible dust collection hood is connected to the direction adjustment seat and communicates with the negative pressure component. The flexible dust collection hood includes a rear dust collection section and two side expansion sections connected to the lateral sides of the rear dust collection section. The rear dust collection section is located behind the laser processing head in the direction of movement and has a lateral folding portion. The lateral direction is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the laser processing head. The controller controls the rotation of the direction adjustment seat according to the direction of movement of the laser processing head so that the rear dust collection section is kept behind the direction of movement of the laser processing head. The controller also controls the expansion and contraction drive assembly according to the speed of movement of the laser processing head so that the rear dust collection section extends laterally when the speed of movement decreases and drives the two side expansion sections to move outward, and contracts laterally when the speed of movement increases and drives the two side expansion sections to move closer together.

2. The equipment for processing sheet metal casing of a prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The direction adjustment seat includes a fixed ring, a rotating ring, and a rotating drive component. The fixed ring is connected to the outside of the laser processing head, and the rotating ring is mounted on the fixed ring, rotating around the laser processing head in the direction of light emission. The flexible dust suction cover is connected to the rotating ring, and the rotating drive component is used to drive the rotating ring to rotate relative to the fixed ring.

3. The equipment for processing sheet metal for prefabricated substation casings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slewing ring is provided with a driven gear ring. The slewing drive component includes a drive motor and a drive gear connected to the output end of the drive motor. The drive gear meshes with the driven gear ring to drive the slewing ring to rotate.

4. The equipment for processing sheet metal for prefabricated substation casings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flexible dust collection hood is provided with multiple flexible support ribs, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the rear dust collection section and the side expansion section, and are used to limit the flexible dust collection hood from collapsing inward when the negative pressure component is suctioned.

5. The equipment for processing sheet metal casing of a prefabricated substation according to claim 4, characterized in that, Two side expansion sections are each connected to a rigid U-shaped ring. The two U-shaped rings are located on the lateral sides of the rear suction section. The two moving ends of the expansion and contraction drive assembly are connected to the two U-shaped rings respectively, which are used to drive the two U-shaped rings to move closer or further apart.

6. The equipment for processing sheet metal for prefabricated substation casings according to claim 5, characterized in that, The expansion and contraction drive assembly includes two retaining rods, a scissor linkage assembly, and a telescopic drive component. The bottom ends of the two retaining rods are hinged to two U-shaped rings, and the top ends of the two retaining rods are hinged to a rotary ring. The scissor linkage assembly is located between the two U-shaped rings, and the two moving ends at the bottom of the scissor linkage assembly are hinged to the two U-shaped rings. The telescopic drive component is connected between the rotary ring and the scissor linkage assembly. When the telescopic drive component extends or retracts, it drives the scissor linkage assembly to open or close, thereby causing the two U-shaped rings to move away from or closer to each other, and causing the rear suction section to extend or retract laterally.

7. The equipment for processing sheet metal casing of a prefabricated substation according to claim 2, characterized in that, An annular flow channel is provided between the fixed ring and the rotating ring. A connecting flow channel is provided on the rotating ring to connect the flexible dust suction hood and the annular flow channel. A connecting port is provided on the fixed ring to connect the negative pressure component and the annular flow channel.

8. The equipment for processing sheet metal for prefabricated substation casings according to claim 7, characterized in that, The negative pressure component includes a dust collection box, a fan, a filter element, and a flexible tube. The filter element is installed inside the dust collection box, the fan is connected to the dust collection box, one end of the flexible tube is connected to the connecting port, and the other end is connected to the dust collection box.

9. The equipment for processing sheet metal for prefabricated substation casings according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a speed detection unit and a direction detection unit. The speed detection unit is used to detect the movement speed of the laser processing head, and the direction detection unit is used to detect the movement direction of the laser processing head. The controller is electrically connected to the speed detection unit, the direction detection unit, the direction adjustment seat, and the expansion and contraction drive assembly, respectively.

10. The equipment for processing sheet metal casing of a prefabricated substation according to claim 9, characterized in that, The rotation axis of the direction adjustment seat is set coaxially with the light output direction of the laser processing head. When the laser processing head turns, the controller controls the direction adjustment seat to rotate around the rotation axis, so that the flexible dust collection cover changes its circumferential position relative to the laser processing head as the direction of laser processing head movement changes.

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