An automatic assembling device and method for a motor train unit axle box

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high-speed train technology, and more particularly to an automated assembly device and method for high-speed train axle box bodies. The assembly device includes a support mechanism, a clamping mechanism, and a positioning mechanism. The support mechanism includes a base and a sliding plate, the sliding plate being slidably mounted on the base. The clamping mechanism includes an upper jaw and a lower jaw, both mounted on the sliding plate. The lower jaw is located on the lower side for clamping the lower axle box body, and the upper jaw is located on the upper side for clamping the upper axle box body. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning seat and a center point. The positioning seat is fixed to the base, and the center point is mounted on the positioning seat and located between the upper and lower jaws, for supporting the wheelset. This invention solves the problems of insufficient positioning accuracy, high manual labor intensity, and large equipment footprint in existing assembly methods, achieving automated and precise assembly of axle box bodies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-speed train technology, and in particular to an automated assembly device and method for high-speed train axle box bodies. Background Technology

[0002] The axle box is a key load-bearing component on the bogie of a high-speed train. It is used to install axle box bearings and connect the wheelsets to the bogie frame, bearing complex loads during train operation. With the widespread application of split axle box bodies on high-speed trains, the assembly of axle box bodies has become an important part of the high-speed train production and maintenance process. The split axle box body is divided into an upper box and a lower box at the bearing holes. During assembly, the upper and lower boxes must be separated first, and then put together after the wheelsets are positioned.

[0003] Currently, there are several main methods for assembling axle box bodies. One method uses a multi-degree-of-freedom truss robot arm to grasp the axle box body and perform disassembly, positioning, and assembly. A truss robot arm typically consists of a structural frame, X-axis assembly, Y-axis assembly, Z-axis assembly, tooling fixtures, and a control system. The structural frame elevates each axis to a certain height to provide working space. Another method uses a mechanical lifting trolley, where a person manually controls the trolley to lift the axle box body to the assembly height for visual positioning and assembly. A third method uses a semi-automatic truss gripping device, where a person manually controls the gripping robot arm to grasp the axle box body, also employing a visual positioning mode for assembly.

[0004] While gantry robots offer a high degree of automation, their complex structure, high cost, and inconvenient maintenance make them problematic. Mechanical lifting trolleys and semi-automatic gantry gripping devices share common drawbacks: the assembly process relies on manual control and visual positioning, requiring operators to manually adjust the position and orientation of the axle housings. Due to the significant weight of the axle housings (up to approximately 100 kg per unit), manual operation is labor-intensive and results in poor work balance. Furthermore, the limited accuracy of visual positioning makes it difficult to ensure precise alignment between the axle housing and wheelsets, increasing the risk of impact loads during assembly and affecting quality. Additionally, semi-automatic gantry gripping devices require large gantry structures to accommodate loads, resulting in excessive floor space and restricting production layout. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide an automated assembly device for axle boxes of high-speed trains, which solves problems such as insufficient positioning accuracy, high manual labor intensity, and large equipment footprint in existing assembly methods, thereby achieving automated and precise assembly of axle boxes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an automated assembly device for axle box bodies of high-speed trains, used for assembling wheelsets and axle box bodies, including a support mechanism, a clamping mechanism, and a positioning mechanism; the support mechanism includes a base and a sliding plate, the sliding plate being slidably mounted on the base; the clamping mechanism includes an upper jaw and a lower jaw, both of which are mounted on the sliding plate, the lower jaw being located on the lower side for clamping the lower axle box body, and the upper jaw being located on the upper side for clamping the upper axle box body; the positioning mechanism includes a positioning seat and a center point, the positioning seat being fixed on the base, and the center point being mounted on the positioning seat and located between the upper and lower jaws for supporting the wheelset.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the assembly device has two sets, with the two sets of assembly devices located at both ends of the wheelset respectively.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the skateboard includes a base plate and two side plates. The base plate is slidably mounted on the base and can move closer to or further away from the wheelset. The side plates are disposed on the base plate for mounting a clamping mechanism. The two side plates are located on both sides, and the tip of the positioning mechanism is located between the two side plates.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the upper gripper includes a lower support, a lower lifting module, and a clamping cylinder. The side plate has an outer side plate and an inner side plate that are perpendicular to each other. The lower support is installed on the side of the outer side plate facing the wheelset via the lower lifting module, and the clamping cylinder is installed on the lower support.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the lower support has an upwardly protruding lower inner baffle on its edge, and a lower outer top plate is installed on one end of the clamping cylinder facing the lower inner baffle. The lower outer top plate clamps the lower housing onto the lower inner baffle, and the top of the lower outer top plate has a protrusion, which is used to lock onto the upper side of the bearing hole of the lower housing.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the upper gripper includes a top bracket, an upper lifting module, an upper support, and a clamping cylinder. The side plate has an outer side plate and an inner side plate that are perpendicular to each other. The top bracket is installed on the inner side of the inner side plate through the upper lifting module. The upper support is slidably installed on the bottom side of the top bracket and can move closer to or further away from the wheelset. The clamping cylinder is installed on the bottom side of the upper support.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the edge of the upper support has a downwardly protruding upper inner baffle, and an upper outer top plate is installed at one end of the clamping cylinder facing the upper inner baffle. The upper outer top plate clamps the upper housing on the upper inner baffle, and the bottom of the upper outer top plate has a protrusion, which is used to lock into the lower side of the bearing hole of the upper housing.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the clamping mechanism also includes two side claws, which are respectively mounted on the side plates on both sides for clamping the upper box. Each side claw includes a mounting base, a support base, a clamping cylinder, and a side top plate. The mounting base is mounted on the outer side plate, and the support base is mounted on the mounting base and can move closer to or further away from the wheelset. The clamping cylinder is mounted on the support base, and the side top plate is mounted on the clamping cylinder. The bottom of the side top plate has a protrusion that supports the flange seat of the upper box.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the tip is mounted on the positioning seat by a cylinder, and a sensor is installed on the side of the positioning seat facing the wheelset.

[0015] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an automated assembly method for axle box housings of high-speed trains, comprising the following steps: The axle box body is hoisted onto the lower clamping jaws, and the lower clamping jaws grip the lower box body tightly. After the upper jaw moves toward the wheelset direction, it descends and grips the upper housing of the axle box. The lower jaw moves downward and the upper jaw moves upward, separating the upper and lower housings and keeping them separated. The tops at both ends extend and press against the center holes at both ends of the wheelset to position the wheelset, drive the slide plate to slide along the base, and then drive the lower and upper jaws to move along the wheelset axis until the axle box reaches the assembly position. The lower jaw moves upward and the upper jaw moves downward, causing the upper and lower boxes to close together; Install the pre-tightening bolts of the upper and lower housings, the upper jaw moves upward and moves backward away from the wheelset direction, the lower jaw moves downward, the slide slides along the base and drives the lower jaw and upper jaw to move backward away from the wheelset direction, waiting for the next assembly cycle.

[0016] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: This invention directly mounts the grippers onto the slide plate, achieving axial movement via the slide plate along the base. This eliminates the need for large-span trusses, simplifying the structure and reducing manufacturing costs. A fixed reference for the wheelset is established by the center point pressing against the axle's central hole. The slide plate, in conjunction with the grippers' axial movement, guides the axle box to its assembly position. Mechanical positioning replaces visual positioning, eliminating reliance on operator skill for accuracy. The slide plate's electric drive automatically moves the axle box axially, while the grippers' lifting is driven by a lifting module. Operators only need to control buttons to initiate each step, significantly reducing physical exertion. The base and slide plate are arranged along the wheelset's axis, with the clamping mechanism integrated above the slide plate, resulting in a compact structure and minimal space requirement on the production floor. Therefore, this assembly device automates all actions during axle box assembly except for hoisting and bolt installation, reducing equipment costs and floor space requirements while improving positioning accuracy and operational safety.

[0017] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In addition, the dimensions or spacing between the components are exaggerated to show the position of each component, and the schematic diagrams are for illustrative purposes only.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly process provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly device with compartments provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism and positioning mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower gripper provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the upper gripper provided in an embodiment of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Assembly device; 11. Support mechanism; 111. Base; 112. Slide plate; 1121. Outer side plate; 1122. Inner side plate; 1123. Base plate; 12. Positioning mechanism; 121. Positioning seat; 122. Center point; 13. Lower gripper; 131. Lower support; 132. Lower inner baffle; 133. Lower lifting module; 134. Lower outer top plate; 14. Upper gripper; 141. Upper inner baffle; 142. Upper support; 143. Upper outer top plate; 144. Top bracket; 145. Upper lifting module; 146. Side top plate; 147. Support seat; 148. Mounting seat; 2. Axle box; 21. Lower box; 22. Upper box; 3. Wheelset; Detailed Implementation To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments in this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, these drawings can be applied to other similar scenarios without creative effort. Unless obvious from the linguistic context or otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same structures or operations.

[0020] Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate that the steps and elements are explicitly identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list. The method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0021] Example 1 Considering that existing gantry robots are costly and complex to maintain, while mechanical lifting trolleys and semi-automatic gripping devices suffer from insufficient positioning accuracy and excessive manual intervention, this embodiment proposes a more compact dedicated assembly device 1, which replaces manual operation and visual positioning through the cooperation of support mechanism 11, clamping mechanism and positioning mechanism 12.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, an automated assembly device 1 for axle box 2 of a high-speed train is used to assemble wheelsets 3 and axle box 2, including a support mechanism 11, a clamping mechanism, and a positioning mechanism 12; as shown Figure 4 As shown, the support mechanism 11 includes a base 111 and a sliding plate 112, the sliding plate 112 being slidably mounted on the base 111; as Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the clamping mechanism includes an upper jaw 14 and a lower jaw 13, both of which are mounted on the slide plate 112. The lower jaw 13 is located on the lower side for clamping the lower housing 21 of the axle housing 2, and the upper jaw 14 is located on the upper side for clamping the upper housing 22 of the axle housing 2. The positioning mechanism 12 includes a positioning seat 121 and a tip 122. The positioning seat 121 is fixed on the base 111, and the tip 122 is mounted on the positioning seat 121 and located between the upper jaw 14 and the lower jaw 13 for supporting the wheelset 3.

[0023] The base 111 serves as the supporting foundation for the entire device. The slide plate 112 and the base 111 are in a sliding fit relationship. The slide plate 112 can move relative to the base 111 along the wheel set 3 axis, thereby driving the clamping mechanism installed on it to move as a whole.

[0024] The clamping mechanism is divided into two parts: an upper jaw 14 and a lower jaw 13, which correspond to the upper housing 22 and the lower housing 21 of the split-type shaft housing 2, respectively. The lower jaw 13 is located at the bottom and is used to support and clamp the lower housing 21; the upper jaw 14 is located at the top and is used to clamp the upper housing 22.

[0025] The positioning seat 121 in the positioning mechanism 12 is fixed on the base 111 and does not move with the slide plate 112. The tip 122 is installed on the positioning seat 121 and is located between the upper jaw 14 and the lower jaw 13. The arrangement position of the tip 122 corresponds to the center hole of the axle of the wheelset 3.

[0026] In actual operation, the upper gripper 14 and lower gripper 13 are each equipped with a drive element to achieve clamping and releasing actions, and are also equipped with a lifting drive element to achieve the separation and closing of the upper box 22 and the lower box 21. The sliding plate 112 slides along the base 111, and its axial translation is achieved by electric drive. The entire device completes the automated assembly of the axle box 2 through the coordinated action of various mechanisms.

[0027] Compared to gantry robots, the grippers of this device are directly mounted on the slide plate 112, eliminating the need for an overhead structural frame, thus reducing the overall height and floor space. Compared to lifting trolleys and semi-automatic gripping devices, this device achieves position adjustment through the axial movement of the slide plate 112 and the lifting and lowering of the grippers, replacing manual pushing and visual positioning. During positioning, the center point 122 presses against the center hole of the axle, fixing the wheelset 3 at this end. Combined with the center point 122 on the other end, the axial position of the wheelset 3 can be determined.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the assembly device 1 has two sets, which are located at both ends of the wheelset 3. The tips 122 of the two-end assembly devices 1 press against the wheelset 3 from both ends of the wheelset 3, thereby realizing the positioning of the wheelset 3 and facilitating the subsequent matching of the axle box 2 with the wheelset 3.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the skateboard 112 includes a base plate 1123 and two side plates. The base plate 1123 is slidably mounted on the base 111 and can move closer to or further away from the wheelset 3. The side plates are set on the base plate 1123 for mounting a clamping mechanism. The two side plates are located on both sides, and the tip 122 of the positioning mechanism 12 is located between the two side plates.

[0030] The sliding plate 112 is a U-shaped structure consisting of a base plate 1123 and two side plates. The base plate 1123 slides with the base 111, and the two side plates are located on opposite sides of the wheel set 3 along the axial direction, providing mounting positions for the clamping mechanism. The center point 122 is located between the two side plates, allowing it to pass between them and point towards the center hole of the wheel set 3. This arrangement ensures that the center point 122 and the clamping mechanism do not interfere with each other spatially. The side plates mounted on the base plate 1123 allow the upper clamping jaw 14 and the lower clamping jaw 13 to be mounted at different heights on the side plates, and the space between the two side plates is precisely designed to accommodate the axle end of the wheel set 3, facilitating the centering of the center point 122. In this structure, when the base plate 1123 slides along the base 111, the two side plates and the clamping mechanism mounted on them move synchronously, ensuring consistency in the axial movement of the upper clamping jaw 14 and the lower clamping jaw 13.

[0031] like Figure 5As shown, the lower gripper 13 includes a lower support 131, a lower lifting module 133 and a clamping cylinder. The side plate has an outer side plate 1121 and an inner side plate 1122 that are perpendicular to each other. The lower support 131 is installed on the side of the outer side plate 1121 facing the wheelset 3 through the lower lifting module 133. The clamping cylinder is installed on the lower support 131.

[0032] The side plate consists of an outer side plate 1121 and an inner side plate 1122 forming a vertical structure with a T-shaped cross-section, increasing the rigidity and bending resistance of the side plate. The lower lifting module 133 is installed on the side of the outer side plate 1121 facing the wheelset 3. The lower support 131 is fixed to the movable end of the lower lifting module 133 and moves up and down with it. A clamping cylinder is installed on the lower support 131 to provide clamping force. The lower lifting module 133 can use a servo motor-driven ball screw module or a synchronous belt module to achieve precise lifting stroke control. The clamping cylinder is a double-acting cylinder, using pneumatic pressure to extend and retract the piston rod.

[0033] In this structure, the lower lifting module 133 is responsible for driving the lower support 131 and the lower housing 21 to rise and fall as a whole, while the clamping cylinder is responsible for clamping the lower housing 21 in the horizontal direction. The actions of the lower lifting module 133 and the clamping cylinder are independent of each other, making them easy to control separately. The T-shaped structure formed by the outer side plate 1121 and the inner side plate 1122 increases the bending section modulus of the side plates, making them less prone to deformation when bearing the weight of the lower gripper 13 and the lower housing 21, which helps to ensure the verticality and repeatability of the lifting motion.

[0034] The lower support 131 has an upwardly protruding lower inner baffle 132 on its edge. A lower outer top plate 134 is installed at one end of the clamping cylinder facing the lower inner baffle 132. The lower outer top plate 134 clamps the lower housing 21 on the lower inner baffle 132. The top of the lower outer top plate 134 has a protrusion, which is used to lock onto the upper side of the bearing hole of the lower housing 21.

[0035] The lower inner baffle 132 serves as the positioning reference for the lower housing 21 on the inner side. Under the drive of the clamping cylinder, the lower outer top plate 134 presses the lower housing 21 from the outside towards the lower inner baffle 132 on the inside, thus achieving clamping. The protrusion on the top of the lower outer top plate 134 extends into the upper edge of the bearing hole of the lower housing 21, serving as a limiting function.

[0036] The height of the upward protrusion of the lower inner baffle 132 should be sufficient to fit against the lower area of ​​the side wall of the lower housing 21, and the position and size of the protrusion should match the edge shape of the bearing hole. The lower housing 21 has a semi-circular opening at the bearing hole, and the protrusion is engaged with the upper edge of the semi-circular hole, essentially hooking the lower housing 21 from above. This clamping method achieves both horizontal clamping and vertical limiting through the protrusion.

[0037] The distance between the lower inner baffle 132 and the lower outer top plate 134 is controlled by the stroke of the clamping cylinder, which can accommodate lower housings 21 of different sizes. The lower inner baffle 132 and the lower outer top plate 134 of this structure have a high degree of fit with the shape of the lower housing 21, good clamping stability, and the limiting effect of the protrusions enhances safety.

[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, the upper gripper 14 includes a top bracket 144, an upper lifting module 145, an upper support 142, and a clamping cylinder. The side plate has an outer side plate 1121 and an inner side plate 1122 that are perpendicular to each other. The top bracket 144 is installed on the inner side of the inner side plate 1122 through the upper lifting module 145. The upper support 142 is slidably installed on the bottom side of the top bracket 144 and can move closer to or further away from the wheelset 3. The clamping cylinder is installed on the bottom side of the upper support 142.

[0039] The lifting module 145 is installed on the inner side of the inner side plate 1122, that is, on the opposite side of the two side plates. The top bracket 144 is fixed to the movable end of the lifting module 145 and moves up and down with the lifting module 145. The upper support 142 is installed on the bottom side of the top support 144 and has a sliding fit with the top support 144, allowing it to slide along the wheel set 3 axis. This sliding fit can be achieved by setting a guide rail on the top side of the upper support 142, with the top support 144 engaging with the guide rail via a slider. The clamping cylinder is installed on the bottom side of the upper support 142 and moves and rises and falls axially with the upper support 142.

[0040] In this structure, the lifting and lowering movement of the upper gripper 14 is achieved by the upper lifting module 145 driving the top support 144, and the axial movement of the upper gripper 144 is achieved by the sliding of the upper support 142 relative to the top support 144. The upper lifting module 145 can also be a ball screw module driven by a servo motor. Compared with the lower gripper 13, the upper gripper 14 has one more axial degree of freedom, because it is necessary to provide clearance space when hoisting the shaft box 2 onto the lower gripper 13.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, the upper support 142 has a downwardly protruding upper inner baffle 141 on its edge. An upper outer top plate 143 is installed at one end of the clamping cylinder facing the upper inner baffle 141. The upper outer top plate 143 clamps the upper housing 22 on the upper inner baffle 141, and the bottom of the upper outer top plate 143 has a protrusion for locking under the bearing hole of the upper housing 22.

[0042] The upper inner baffle 141 serves as the positioning reference for the upper housing 22 on the inner side. Driven by the clamping cylinder, the upper outer top plate 143 presses the upper housing 22 against the inner inner baffle 141 from the outside. A protrusion at the bottom of the upper outer top plate 143 extends into the lower edge of the bearing hole of the upper housing 22, supporting the upper housing 22 from below. The upper housing 22 also has a semi-circular opening at the bearing hole, and the protrusion is engaged with the lower edge of this semi-circular opening, effectively supporting the upper housing 22 from below and preventing it from falling during clamping. The downward protrusion of the upper inner baffle 141 should be sufficient to fit against the upper area of ​​the inner wall of the upper housing 22. This clamping structure is symmetrical to the clamping structure of the lower jaw 13. The protrusion of the upper outer top plate 143 lifts the upper housing 22 from below, consistent with the upward lifting direction of the upper jaw 14, effectively sharing the clamping force of the clamping cylinder.

[0043] The clamping mechanism also includes two side claws, which are respectively mounted on the side plates on both sides for clamping the upper housing 22. The side claws include a mounting base 148, a support base 147, a clamping cylinder, and a side top plate 146. The mounting base 148 is mounted on the outer side plate 1121, and the support base 147 is mounted on the mounting base 148 and can move closer to or further away from the wheelset 3. The clamping cylinder is mounted on the support base 147, and the side top plate 146 is mounted on the clamping cylinder. The bottom of the side top plate 146 has a protrusion that supports the flange seat of the upper housing 22.

[0044] The side claw and the upper clamping claw 14 work together to clamp the upper housing 22, with the side claw providing support from the side. Within the side claw, the mounting base 148 is fixed to the outer side plate 1121, and the support base 147 is slidably fitted to the mounting base 148, allowing it to move axially along the wheelset 3. A clamping cylinder is mounted on the support base 147, and a side top plate 146 is mounted on the piston rod end of the clamping cylinder.

[0045] The protrusions at the bottom of the side top plate 146 support the flange seat of the upper housing 22. The flange seat of the upper housing 22 is a flange structure extending from its side, used for mounting bolts to connect to the lower housing 21. The side claws support the flange seat from below via the protrusions, providing auxiliary support and positioning for the upper housing 22. When the side claws are used in conjunction with the upper clamping claw 14, the upper clamping claw 14 is responsible for gripping the main body of the upper housing 22, while the side claws are responsible for supporting the flange seat from both sides. Together, they make the clamping of the upper housing 22 more stable. Especially during the upward separation of the upper housing 22, the two side claws lift the flange seat from the bottom, sharing some of the weight of the upper housing 22 and reducing the load on the clamping cylinder of the upper clamping claw 14.

[0046] The center point 122 is mounted on the positioning seat 121 via a cylinder. A sensor (not shown) is mounted on the side of the positioning seat 121 facing the wheelset 3. The center point 122 is extended and retracted by the cylinder, and the cylinder stroke should be sufficient to cover the distance required for the center point 122 to move from the retracted position to abutting the center hole of the axle. The sensor, mounted on the side of the positioning seat 121 facing the wheelset 3, is used to detect the relative position between the axle housing 2 and the bearing end of the wheelset 3. The sensor can be a laser displacement sensor or a proximity sensor, and the detected data is used to control the axial movement distance of the slide plate 112.

[0047] After the tip 122 extends and presses against the center hole of the axle, the axial position of the wheelset 3 is determined. At this time, the sensor detects the distance between the bearing end face of the axle housing 2 and the bearing end face of the wheelset 3. The control system calculates the compensation amount that the slide plate 112 needs to move based on this distance. The sensor setting automates the position detection, replacing manual visual measurement.

[0048] The control system uses a PLC main controller and is equipped with a display to show the current status, fault alarms, manual operation, and other information. It must have three operating modes: automatic, manual, and debugging, and can interact with MES, CAA, and production line control systems. The device also features a mechanical anti-fall mechanism that immediately locks in the event of a power outage or air supply failure, preventing the shaft housing 2 from detaching or falling from the grippers.

[0049] Compared with existing technologies, this device has the following advantages: 1. High degree of automation: After hoisting, the axle box 2 is automatically assembled by the device, improving work efficiency. 2. Improved assembly quality: The wheelset 3 and axle box 2 are precisely positioned before assembly. The position of the axle box 2 is determined using the front cover side, bottom surface, and guide post position as reference surfaces. Relative distance calculations and adjustments are made to achieve precise positioning, avoiding quality problems caused by impact loads due to unstable manual assembly. 3. Simple and safe operation: The assembly process is controlled by buttons, reducing labor intensity and operational risks. 4. Stable and reliable structure: The device is equipped with a fall protection structure to prevent workpieces from falling due to sudden power outages or other abnormal situations. 5. High cost-effectiveness: The automated design reduces labor intensity; only one person is needed at each end of the device to complete the assembly, resulting in high efficiency.

[0050] Example 2 This embodiment provides an automated assembly method for axle box 2 of a high-speed train, including the following steps: the axle box 2 is hoisted onto the lower gripper 13, and the lower gripper 13 clamps the lower box 21; the upper gripper 14 moves toward the wheelset 3 and then descends, clamping the upper box 22 of the axle box 2; the lower gripper 13 moves downward, and the upper gripper 14 moves upward, separating the upper box 22 and the lower box 21 and maintaining the separated state; the tips 122 at both ends extend and press against the center holes at both ends of the wheelset 3 to achieve the positioning of the wheelset 3, driving the slide plate 112 along... The base 111 slides, which in turn drives the lower jaw 13 and the upper jaw 14 to move axially along the wheelset 3 until the axle box 2 reaches the assembly position; the lower jaw 13 moves upward and the upper jaw 14 moves downward, so that the upper box 22 and the lower box 21 are closed; the pre-tightening bolts of the upper box 22 and the lower box 21 are installed, the upper jaw 14 moves upward and moves backward away from the wheelset 3, the lower jaw 13 moves downward, the slide plate 112 slides along the base 111 and drives the lower jaw 13 and the upper jaw 14 to move backward away from the wheelset 3, waiting for the next assembly cycle.

[0051] During the step of hoisting the lower housing 21 to the lower gripper 13, it is necessary to ensure that the upper gripper 14 and the side gripper retract beforehand to provide clearance for the hoisting of the upper housing 22. After the upper gripper 14 grips the upper housing 22, the lower gripper 13 and the upper gripper 14 move in opposite directions simultaneously to separate the upper and lower housings 21. The separation stroke needs to be large enough to lift the upper housing 22 above the lower housing 21 to avoid interference when the wheelset 3 is subsequently positioned. The process of the tip 122 extending to position the wheelset 3 is timed in conjunction with the movement of the gripper. The tip 122 first presses against the center hole of the axle to determine the axial position of the wheelset 3. At this time, there is a deviation between the end face position of the bearings at both ends of the wheelset 3 and the bearing hole position of the axle housing 2. Therefore, it is necessary to use a sensor to detect the relative position and drive the slide plate 112 to move axially to complete the position compensation. After the compensation is completed, the axle housing 2 reaches the assembly position. When closing the housing, the lower gripper 13 moves upward and the upper gripper 14 moves downward synchronously. After the container is assembled, the operator installs the pre-tightening bolts. At this time, the upper jaw 14 and lower jaw 13 must remain in a clamping state. They are released and reset after the bolts are installed. Finally, the slide plate 112 drives the entire clamping mechanism to retreat to the initial position, waiting for the next work cycle. In the entire process, manual intervention is limited to the two stages of hoisting and loading materials and installing bolts; all other actions are completed automatically by the device.

[0052] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, they are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated assembly device for axle box housings of high-speed trains, used for assembling wheelsets and axle box housings, characterized in that, Includes support mechanisms, clamping mechanisms, and positioning mechanisms; The support mechanism includes a base and a sliding plate, the sliding plate being slidably mounted on the base; The clamping mechanism includes an upper jaw and a lower jaw, both of which are mounted on the slide plate. The lower jaw is located on the lower side for clamping the lower housing of the axle box, and the upper jaw is located on the upper side for clamping the upper housing of the axle box. The positioning mechanism includes a positioning seat and a tip. The positioning seat is fixed on the base, and the tip is mounted on the positioning seat and located between the upper and lower jaws to hold the wheelset in place.

2. The automated assembly device for axle box housing of a high-speed train as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly device has two sets, which are located at both ends of the wheelset.

3. The automated assembly device for axle box housing of a high-speed train as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The skateboard includes a base plate and two side plates. The base plate is slidably mounted on the base and can move closer to or further away from the wheelset. The side plates are disposed on the base plate for mounting a clamping mechanism. The two side plates are located on both sides, and the tip of the positioning mechanism is located between the two side plates.

4. The automated assembly device for axle box housing of a high-speed train as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The upper gripper includes a lower support, a lower lifting module, and a clamping cylinder. The side plate has an outer side plate and an inner side plate that are perpendicular to each other. The lower support is installed on the side of the outer side plate facing the wheelset via the lower lifting module. The clamping cylinder is installed on the lower support.

5. The automated assembly device for axle box housing of a high-speed train as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The lower support has an upwardly protruding inner baffle on its edge. The clamping cylinder has an outer lower plate installed at one end facing the inner lower baffle. The outer lower plate clamps the lower housing onto the inner lower baffle. The top of the outer lower plate has a protrusion that is used to engage with the bearing hole on the upper side of the lower housing.

6. The automated assembly device for axle box housing of a high-speed train as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The upper gripper includes a top bracket, an upper lifting module, an upper support, and a clamping cylinder. The side plate has an outer side plate and an inner side plate that are perpendicular to each other. The top bracket is installed on the inner side of the inner side plate through the upper lifting module. The upper support is slidably installed on the bottom side of the top bracket and can move closer to or further away from the wheelset. The clamping cylinder is installed on the bottom side of the upper support.

7. The automated assembly device for axle box housing of a high-speed train as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The upper support has a downwardly protruding upper inner baffle on its edge. The clamping cylinder has an upper outer top plate installed at one end facing the upper inner baffle. The upper outer top plate clamps the upper housing onto the upper inner baffle, and the bottom of the upper outer top plate has a protrusion for locking onto the lower side of the bearing hole of the upper housing.

8. The automated assembly device for axle box housing of a high-speed train as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism also includes two side claws, which are respectively mounted on the side plates on both sides for clamping the upper box. Each side claw includes a mounting base, a support base, a clamping cylinder, and a side top plate. The mounting base is mounted on the outer side plate, and the support base is mounted on the mounting base and can move closer to or further away from the wheelset. The clamping cylinder is mounted on the support base, and the side top plate is mounted on the clamping cylinder. The bottom of the side top plate has a protrusion that supports the flange seat of the upper box.

9. The automated assembly device for axle box housing of a high-speed train as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tip is mounted on the positioning seat via a cylinder, and a sensor is mounted on the side of the positioning seat facing the wheelset.

10. An automated assembly method for axle box housings of high-speed trains, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The axle box body is hoisted onto the lower clamping jaws, and the lower clamping jaws grip the lower box body tightly. After the upper jaw moves toward the wheelset direction, it descends and grips the upper housing of the axle box. The lower jaw moves downward and the upper jaw moves upward, separating the upper and lower housings and keeping them separated. The tops at both ends extend and press against the center holes at both ends of the wheelset to position the wheelset, drive the slide plate to slide along the base, and then drive the lower and upper jaws to move along the wheelset axis until the axle box reaches the assembly position. The lower jaw moves upward and the upper jaw moves downward, causing the upper and lower boxes to close together; Install the pre-tightening bolts of the upper and lower housings, the upper jaw moves upward and moves backward away from the wheelset direction, the lower jaw moves downward, the slide slides along the base and drives the lower jaw and upper jaw to move backward away from the wheelset direction, waiting for the next assembly cycle.

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