Steering column assembly apparatus and method

Abstract

This application provides assembly equipment and assembly method for a steering column. The assembly equipment includes: an inner tube first positioning fixture for positioning the inner tube column; a bearing strip positioning fixture, including a bearing strip positioning part that can move radially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture, the bearing strip positioning part being used to position the bearing strip into the bearing groove of the inner tube column; an outer tube first positioning fixture, including an outer tube positioning part that can move radially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture; an outer tube drive mechanism, including an outer tube mating unit that can move axially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture, the outer tube mating unit being used to push the outer tube column axially; and a bearing strip lifting device that can move axially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture, the bearing strip lifting device being used to extend between the inner tube column and the outer tube column and push the bearing strip axially. This application can realize automated assembly of the inner tube column, the outer tube column, and the bearing strip, ensuring that the bearing strip is installed in place without damage and reliably.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automotive parts technology, and more specifically, to assembly equipment and assembly methods for steering columns. Background Technology

[0002] A steering column typically consists of an inner tube column, an outer tube column fitted over the inner tube column, and a bearing spool positioned between the inner and outer tube columns. The bearing spool is generally assembled from metal steel balls and a plastic retaining material. Its structural strength is limited, and it cannot withstand excessive external stress when directly pushed between the inner and outer tube columns. Improper force application or inaccurate positioning during assembly can easily lead to quality problems such as damage to the bearing spool, loss of steel balls, scratches on the inner and outer tube columns, or improper installation.

[0003] Although some bearing press-fitting devices exist in the existing technology, most of them are difficult to apply to the above-mentioned bearing strip structure and cannot reliably determine whether the bearing strip is installed in place.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an assembly device and method for a steering column, which can realize the automated assembly of the inner tube column, the outer tube column and the bearing strip, ensuring that the bearing strip is installed in place without damage and reliably.

[0006] According to one aspect of this application, an assembly apparatus for a steering column is provided. The steering column includes an inner tube column, an outer tube column sleeved outside the inner tube column, and a bearing strip disposed between the inner tube column and the outer tube column. The assembly apparatus includes: a first positioning fixture for the inner tube column for positioning the inner tube column; and a bearing strip positioning fixture for cooperating with the first positioning fixture for the inner tube column. The bearing strip positioning fixture includes a bearing strip positioning part that can move radially relative to the first positioning fixture for positioning the bearing strip to the shaft of the inner tube column. In the groove; the outer tube first positioning fixture includes an outer tube positioning part that can move radially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture, the outer tube positioning part being used to position the outer tube column; the outer tube drive mechanism includes an outer tube mating unit that can move axially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture, the outer tube mating unit being used to push the outer tube column to move axially; the bearing bar lifting device is movable axially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture, the bearing bar lifting device being used to extend between the inner tube column and the outer tube column and push the bearing bar axially.

[0007] The assembly equipment of this application positions the inner tube column using a first positioning fixture for the inner tube. A bearing strip positioning fixture, in conjunction with the first positioning fixture, reliably positions the bearing strip into the bearing groove of the inner tube column. The outer tube drive mechanism, through the axial movement of the outer tube mating unit, pushes the outer tube column axially into the inner tube column and bearing strip. The first positioning fixture for the outer tube clamps and positions the outer tube column through its positioning part, providing radial constraint and axial guidance when the outer tube column is subjected to axial driving force. This ensures that the outer tube column maintains linear axial movement during the drive process, thereby guaranteeing the coaxial assembly accuracy between the outer tube column, the inner tube column, and the bearing strip. During the axial insertion of the outer tube column into the inner tube column and bearing strip, friction may occur between the outer tube column and the bearing strip, causing the bearing strip to shift axially and deviate from its preset installation position. By utilizing the bearing strip lifting device, after the outer tube column is assembled, the bearing strip can be axially pushed along the axis to correct its axial position, ensuring the accurate axial position of the bearing strip between the inner and outer tube columns, thereby guaranteeing the assembly accuracy of the steering column. Thus, this application, through the coordinated operation of the inner tube first positioning fixture, the bearing strip positioning fixture, the outer tube first positioning fixture, the outer tube drive mechanism, and the bearing strip lifting device, forms an automated assembly process encompassing inner tube positioning, bearing strip positioning, outer tube positioning and axial drive, and axial lifting of the bearing strip.

[0008] In some embodiments, the bearing bar lifting device includes a first drive unit and a lifting rod connected to the first drive unit. The first drive unit is used to drive the lifting rod to move along the axial direction, and the lifting rod is used to push the bearing bar.

[0009] By utilizing the small cross-sectional size of the lifting rod, it can be inserted into the narrow space between the inner and outer tube columns to precisely push the bearing strip, avoiding interference with the inner and outer tube columns. The first drive unit can control the lifting stroke and lifting speed of the lifting rod, which helps improve assembly stability and protects the bearing strip from overpressure damage.

[0010] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes a pressure and position monitoring device for detecting the pushing pressure and axial position during the process of the bearing strip lifting device pushing the bearing strip.

[0011] The pressure and position monitoring device detects the pushing pressure and axial position during the process of the bearing strip lifting device pushing the bearing strip. The pushing pressure and axial position can be used to determine in real time whether the bearing strip is installed in place.

[0012] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes an outer tube limiting fixture, which is used to stop the outer tube column or the outer tube mating unit when the outer tube column moves along the axial direction to a preset position, so as to limit the axial position of the outer tube column relative to the inner tube column; or, the movement stroke of the outer tube mating unit is controlled by software to limit the axial position of the outer tube column relative to the inner tube column.

[0013] The outer tube limiting fixture stops the outer tube column or outer tube mating unit, limiting the axial position of the outer tube column relative to the inner tube column. This ensures that the outer tube column stops accurately when it reaches the preset position along the axial direction, preventing excessive pressing of the outer tube column and damage to the bearing strip or the inner and outer tube columns, and also preventing insufficient movement of the outer tube column from preventing the bearing strip from being pushed in. Precise and controllable stopping can also be achieved through software control.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first positioning fixture for the outer tube includes a second driving unit and the outer tube positioning part. The second driving unit is used to drive the outer tube positioning part to move along the radial direction. The outer tube positioning part includes at least a pair of grippers for positioning the outer tube column. The first positioning fixture for the outer tube is connected to the outer tube mating unit and can move axially synchronously with the outer tube mating unit.

[0015] When the outer tube mating unit pushes the outer tube column axially, the outer tube positioning part can move synchronously with the outer tube column, so that the gripper will not obstruct the axial movement of the outer tube column in the clamping state, nor will it fall off or become misaligned due to the movement of the outer tube column. In this way, the outer tube column can be reliably positioned and gripped during the assembly process, and can also be smoothly driven to fit onto the inner tube column and bearing strip.

[0016] In some embodiments, the outer tube drive mechanism includes a third drive unit and the outer tube mating unit. The third drive unit is used to drive the outer tube mating unit to move along the axial direction. The outer tube mating unit includes a drive mating surface for contacting and mating with the end face of the outer tube column.

[0017] The driving mating surface forms a contour-following contact with the end face of the outer tube column, which can automatically adapt to slight tilting or positional deviation of the end face of the outer tube column when driving the axial movement of the outer tube column, avoiding local stress concentration, protecting the end face of the outer tube column from being crushed, and ensuring smooth transmission of driving force.

[0018] In some embodiments, the bearing strip positioning fixture includes a fourth driving unit and the bearing strip positioning part. The fourth driving unit is used to drive the bearing strip positioning part to move along the radial direction. The bearing strip positioning part includes a vacuum suction cup and a vacuum channel communicating with a vacuum source. The vacuum suction cup is used to adsorb and fix the bearing strip.

[0019] Fixing the bearing strip by vacuum adsorption avoids applying excessive mechanical clamping force, preventing damage to the plastic retaining material of the bearing strip or causing the steel balls to fall off; at the same time, differential pressure control ensures that the bearing strip remains stable during positioning and movement, improving positioning accuracy.

[0020] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes a camera whose field of view covers the positioning area of ​​the bearing bar positioning fixture.

[0021] Using a camera, the bearing assembly can be visually inspected, such as checking whether the steel balls are intact, whether the quantity meets requirements, and whether the position is correct. This allows for the removal of defective parts before assembly, preventing abnormal friction or failure of the steering column after assembly due to issues such as missing steel balls.

[0022] In some embodiments, the inner tube first positioning fixture includes a fifth driving unit and an inner tube positioning part. The fifth driving unit is used to drive the inner tube positioning part to move along the axial direction and / or rotate in the circumferential direction. The inner tube positioning part is used to position the inner tube column. And / or, the inner tube positioning part is provided with a positioning feature, which is used to make the bearing groove of the inner tube column have a predetermined positional relationship with the bearing bar positioning fixture.

[0023] By using the fifth drive unit to drive the inner tube positioning part to move axially and / or rotate circumferentially, the position and angle of the inner tube column can be adjusted, aligning the bearing groove of the inner tube column with the bearing strip positioning fixture. Alternatively or additionally, the inner tube positioning part is provided with positioning features to cooperate with the corresponding structure of the inner tube column, ensuring that the bearing groove of the inner tube column has a predetermined positional relationship with the bearing strip positioning fixture. In this way, precise circumferential positioning of the bearing groove of the inner tube column can be achieved before assembly, allowing the bearing strip to be accurately pushed into the corresponding bearing groove, avoiding assembly failure or part damage due to angular deviation.

[0024] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes: an inner tube second positioning fixture for positioning the inner tube column at the oiling station; an outer tube second positioning fixture for positioning the outer tube column at the oiling station; and an oiling device with two oiling heads, the two oiling heads being used to spray grease onto the bearing grooves of the inner tube column and the bearing grooves of the outer tube column, respectively.

[0025] By automatically applying oil to the bearing grooves of the inner and outer columns before assembly, the frictional resistance between the bearing strips and the inner and outer columns during assembly can be reduced, the assembly force can be lowered, damage to the bearing strips can be avoided, and the lubrication performance and efficiency of the steering column during use can be improved.

[0026] In some embodiments, the inner tube second positioning fixture and the outer tube second positioning fixture each include a rotary table and a positioning table, the rotary table being used to drive the positioning table to rotate, and the positioning table being used to position the inner tube column and the outer tube column.

[0027] The rotary table can be rotated to a specified angle, and two grease spraying heads can be used to sequentially spray grease into the multiple bearing grooves of the inner and outer tubing.

[0028] In some embodiments, the oiling device includes a vertical motion mechanism, a first horizontal motion mechanism, and a second horizontal motion mechanism; the vertical motion mechanism is mounted on a fixed frame, the first horizontal motion mechanism is mounted on the actuating end of the vertical motion mechanism, and the second horizontal motion mechanism is mounted on the actuating end of the first horizontal motion mechanism; the two oiling heads are respectively mounted on the actuating ends of the second horizontal motion mechanism and the first horizontal motion mechanism; the vertical motion mechanism is used to drive the two oiling heads to move vertically, the first horizontal motion mechanism is used to drive the two oiling heads to move along a first horizontal direction, and the second horizontal motion mechanism is used to drive the oiling head mounted on its actuating end to move along a second horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction being perpendicular to the first horizontal direction.

[0029] By utilizing a vertical motion mechanism, a first horizontal motion mechanism, and a second horizontal motion mechanism, the grease applicator head can achieve three degrees of freedom of movement: vertical lifting, left and right movement, and forward and backward movement. The forward and backward movement can accommodate the grease spraying requirements of special structures such as the support area on the inner tube column, ensuring that the bearing groove and support area are covered with grease.

[0030] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes a turntable mechanism, the inner tube first positioning fixture is mounted on the turntable mechanism, the turntable mechanism is used to rotate the inner tube first positioning fixture from the bearing strip assembly station to the outer tube assembly station, wherein the bearing strip positioning fixture is mounted on the inner tube first positioning fixture.

[0031] After the bearing strip is positioned in the bearing groove of the inner tube column, the turntable mechanism can transfer the first positioning fixture of the inner tube, together with the inner tube column and the bearing strip, to the outer tube assembly station. This eliminates the need for manual handling or repositioning, reduces positioning errors, and improves assembly efficiency and automation.

[0032] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment may have at least one of the following operating states: a first assembly state, in which the bearing strip positioning part is positioned to hold the bearing strip in the bearing groove of the inner tube column, the outer tube positioning part is positioned to position the outer tube column, and the outer tube mating unit is positioned to partially sleeve the outer tube column outside the inner tube column and the bearing strip; a second assembly state, in which the bearing strip positioning part is positioned separate from the bearing strip, the outer tube positioning part is positioned to position the outer tube column, and the outer tube mating unit is positioned to completely sleeve the outer tube column outside the inner tube column; and a lifting state, in which the bearing strip lifting device is positioned to extend between the inner tube column and the outer tube column and push the bearing strip to a set axial position.

[0033] During the assembly of the steering column, the three working states mentioned above are carried out in sequence according to the assembly schedule. First, the bearing strip positioning fixture pushes the bearing strip radially into the bearing groove of the inner tube column to complete the pre-positioning. Then, the outer tube drive mechanism drives the outer tube column to partially fit over the inner tube column and the bearing strip. At this time, the outer tube column forms initial contact with the bearing strip and the inner tube column, realizing the initial positioning and coaxial constraint of the three. Next, the outer tube column continues to move axially until it is completely fitted over the inner tube column. Finally, the bearing strip lifting device pushes the bearing strip axially to lift it to the set axial position, so that the bearing strip accurately reaches the set installation position.

[0034] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes an oiling state, in which the two oiling heads are moved to spraying positions corresponding to the bearing grooves of the inner tube column and the bearing grooves of the outer tube column, respectively.

[0035] The two grease nozzles are located near the bearing grooves of the inner and outer tube columns, respectively, allowing the grease to be sprayed directly onto specific locations within the grooves. This improves the uniformity and adhesion of the grease application and reduces grease splashing and waste.

[0036] According to another aspect of this application, a method for assembling a steering column is provided. The assembly method is implemented based on the assembly equipment described in any of the above embodiments. The assembly method includes the following steps: controlling the inner tube first positioning fixture to position the inner tube column; controlling the bearing strip positioning fixture to drive the bearing strip to move radially into the bearing groove of the inner tube column; controlling the outer tube first positioning fixture to position the outer tube column, and controlling the turntable mechanism to rotate the inner tube first positioning fixture from the bearing strip assembly station to the outer tube assembly station; controlling the outer tube drive motor... The mechanism drives the outer tube column to move axially until it is partially fitted over the inner tube column and the bearing strip; it controls the bearing strip positioning fixture to leave the bearing strip and controls the outer tube drive mechanism to drive the outer tube column to continue moving axially until it is completely fitted over the inner tube column, until a designated position is reached; it controls the bearing strip lifting device to push the bearing strip axially, so that the bearing strip enters the predetermined assembly position between the inner tube column and the outer tube column; it controls the outer tube drive mechanism to leave the outer tube column and controls the bearing strip lifting device to retract.

[0037] Through precise step control, the assembly of the inner tube column, outer tube column, and bearing strip is automated, improving assembly quality and efficiency. In particular, the outer tube column is first fitted over the inner tube column and bearing strip, then the bearing strip positioning fixture is released to continue driving the outer tube column, and finally the bearing strip is pushed into place by a lifting device. This ensures that the bearing strip is always guided and limited during the assembly process, preventing misalignment and damage.

[0038] In some embodiments, before controlling the inner tube first positioning fixture to position the inner tube column, the assembly method includes: controlling the inner tube second positioning fixture to position the inner tube column, and controlling the outer tube second positioning fixture to position the outer tube column; controlling the two oiling heads of the oiling device to spray grease into the bearing grooves of the inner tube column and the bearing grooves of the outer tube column respectively; after oiling is completed, gripping the inner tube column to be positioned by the inner tube first positioning fixture, and gripping the outer tube column to be positioned by the outer tube first positioning fixture.

[0039] The oiling process and the assembly process can be seamlessly connected to ensure that the bearing grooves of the inner and outer tube columns are fully lubricated before assembly, reducing assembly resistance and friction. At the same time, automatic gripping and transfer reduce manual intervention and improve the automation level of the production line.

[0040] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the steering column provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 An exploded view of the steering column provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 and Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the outer tube assembly portion of the assembly equipment for the steering column provided in this application embodiment; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the bearing bar positioning portion of the assembly equipment for the steering column provided in this application embodiment; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the oiling section of the assembly equipment for the steering column provided in this application embodiment; Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the steps of the assembly method for the steering column provided in this application embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the assembly equipment for the steering column provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to those described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0044] The accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of this application and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore, repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. The processes shown in the drawings are merely exemplary and do not necessarily include all steps. For example, some steps can be broken down, some steps can be combined or partially combined, and the actual order of execution may change depending on the actual situation.

[0045] The use of terms such as "first," "second," and similar words in the specific description does not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but is merely used to distinguish different components. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "vertical," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection within two components.

[0046] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of this application and the features in different embodiments can be combined with each other. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the assembly structure of the steering column. Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the exploded structure of the steering column, combined with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the steering column may include an inner tube column 110, an outer tube column 120 sleeved outside the inner tube column 110, and a bearing strip 130 disposed between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120. The steering column may include two or more layers of tube columns, such as three, four, or even more layers. In a multi-layer tube column structure, a bearing strip 130 may be disposed between any two adjacent layers of tube columns. In this case, the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120 are relative concepts: for any two adjacent layers of tube columns, the inner tube column may be called the inner tube column 110, and the outer tube column may be called the outer tube column 120, with the bearing strip 130 accommodated between these two adjacent layers. When the steering column contains multiple tube columns, the assembly equipment and method of this application are also applicable to the assembly between any two adjacent layers of tube columns and the bearing strip, requiring only adjustments to the positioning fixture, drive stroke, and lifting stroke according to the radial dimensions of each tube column, the position of the bearing groove, and the specifications of the bearing strip.

[0048] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the structure of the outer tube assembly section of the steering column assembly equipment. Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the structure of the bearing bar positioning section of the steering column assembly equipment; combined with... Figures 1 to 5As shown, the steering column assembly equipment provided in this application embodiment may include: an inner tube first positioning fixture 200 for positioning the inner tube column 110; a bearing strip positioning fixture 300, which cooperates with the inner tube first positioning fixture 200, the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 including a bearing strip positioning part 310 that can move radially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture 200, the bearing strip positioning part 310 being used to position the bearing strip 130 into the bearing groove of the inner tube column 110; and an outer tube first positioning fixture 400 including an outer tube positioning part 410 that can move radially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture 200. The outer tube positioning part 410 is used to position the outer tube column 120; the outer tube driving mechanism 500 includes an outer tube mating unit 510 that can move along the axial direction Z relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture 200. The outer tube mating unit 510 is used to (under the drive of the third driving unit 520) to mate with the outer tube column 120 and push the outer tube column 120 to move along the axial direction Z; the bearing bar lifting device 600 is used to move along the axial direction Z relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture 200. The bearing bar lifting device 600 is used to extend between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120 and push the bearing bar 130 along the axial direction Z.

[0049] In this application, the axial direction of the inner tube column 110 is defined as the axial direction Z, the direction perpendicular to the axial direction is defined as the radial direction, and the direction of rotation around the axial direction is defined as the circumferential direction.

[0050] The assembly equipment of this application positions the inner tube column 110 using the inner tube first positioning fixture 200, and reliably positions the bearing strip 130 into the bearing groove of the inner tube column 110 by the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 cooperating with the inner tube first positioning fixture 200. The bearing strip positioning fixture 300 can be configured in multiple ways, such as three, to correspond to the three bearing grooves on the circumferential direction of the inner tube column 110. The outer tube drive mechanism 500, through the outer tube mating unit 510, moves axially along the Z-axis to push the outer tube column 120 axially into the inner tube column 110 and the bearing strip 130. The outer tube first positioning fixture 400 clamps and positions the outer tube column 120 through the outer tube positioning part 410. When the outer tube column 120 is subjected to axial driving force, it provides radial constraint and axial guidance, ensuring that the outer tube column 120 maintains linear motion along the axial Z-axis during driving, thereby guaranteeing the coaxial assembly accuracy between the outer tube column 120, the inner tube column 110, and the bearing strip 130. During the process of the outer tube column 120 being fitted into the inner tube column 110 and the bearing strip 130 along the axial Z-axis, friction may occur between the outer tube column 120 and the bearing strip 130, causing the bearing strip 130 to shift along the axial Z-axis, thus deviating from the preset installation position. After the outer tube column 120 is assembled, the bearing strip 130 can be axially pushed along the Z-axis using the bearing strip lifting device 600 to correct its axial position. This ensures the accurate axial position of the bearing strip 130 between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120, thereby guaranteeing the assembly accuracy of the steering column. Thus, this application achieves an automated assembly process through the cooperation of the inner tube first positioning fixture 200, the bearing strip positioning fixture 300, the outer tube first positioning fixture 400, the outer tube drive mechanism 500, and the bearing strip lifting device 600, including positioning of the inner tube column 110, positioning of the bearing strip 130, positioning and axial drive of the outer tube column 120, and axial lifting of the bearing strip 130.

[0051] This application uses automated and mechanized assembly equipment to replace manual assembly, which can avoid damage to the bearing strip 130 caused by excessive force during manual assembly, and improve the assembly quality and consistency of the inner tube column 110, outer tube column 120 and bearing strip 130, thereby increasing production efficiency and meeting the needs of large-scale stable production. When assembling the steering column using the assembly equipment of this application, it can be carried out in the following three main stages. First assembly stage: The inner tube column 110 (which has been greased) is first positioned by the inner tube first positioning fixture 200, and then the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 drives the bearing strip 130 to move radially, pushing the bearing strip 130 into and holding it in the bearing groove of the inner tube column 110; the outer tube first positioning fixture 400 moves radially, so that the outer tube positioning part 410 clamps and positions the outer tube column 120 (which has been greased). Subsequently, the inner tube first positioning fixture 200 and the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 simultaneously enter below the outer tube positioning part 410. The outer tube mating unit 510 moves along the axial direction Z, contacts and positions the outer tube column 120, and pushes the outer tube column 120 to move along the axial direction Z, so that the outer tube column 120 is partially sleeved on the inner tube column 110 and the bearing strip 130, realizing the initial positioning of the outer tube column 120, the bearing strip 130, and the inner tube column 110. Among them, the outer tube first positioning fixture 400 can be assembled to the outer tube drive mechanism 500 and move axially together with the outer tube drive mechanism 500, so as to drive the outer tube column 120 to move axially while clamping and positioning the outer tube column 120. Alternatively, the outer tube first positioning fixture 400 may not move axially synchronously with the outer tube drive mechanism 500, but may be independently mounted on the frame or fixed bracket. In this case, the outer tube positioning part 410 adopts an adjustable clamping method when clamping the outer tube column 120. The clamping force is sufficient to maintain the basic positioning of the outer tube column 120 in the radial direction and prevent it from being significantly skewed or falling off, while not hindering the outer tube column 120 from moving axially along the Z direction under the drive of the outer tube drive mechanism 500. Second assembly stage: The outer tube first positioning fixture 400 moves radially away from the outer tube column 120, the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 moves radially away from the bearing strip 130, and the outer tube mating unit 510 continues to push the outer tube column 120 to move axially along the Z direction, so that the outer tube column 120 is completely fitted into the designated position outside the inner tube column 110. Lifting stage: Control the bearing bar lifting device 600 to move along the axial direction Z, extend between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120, push the bearing bar 130 to move along the axial direction Z, lift the bearing bar 130 to the set installation position, and complete the final assembly of the bearing bar 130 between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120.

[0052] In some embodiments, the bearing bar lifting device 600 includes a first drive unit (not specifically shown in the figure) and a lifting rod 610 connected to the first drive unit. The first drive unit is used to drive the lifting rod 610 to move along the axial direction Z, and the lifting rod 610 is used to push the bearing bar 130.

[0053] By utilizing the relatively small cross-sectional size of the lifting rod 610, it can extend into the narrow space between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120 to precisely push the bearing strip 130, avoiding interference with the inner and outer tube columns. The first drive unit can be a cylinder, servo motor, electric cylinder, or hydraulic cylinder, as long as it can drive the axial movement of the lifting rod 610. The first drive unit can control the lifting stroke and lifting speed of the lifting rod 610, which helps improve assembly stability and protect the bearing strip 130 from overpressure damage.

[0054] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes a pressure and position monitoring device for detecting the pushing pressure and axial position during the process of the bearing strip lifting device 600 pushing the bearing strip 130.

[0055] The pressure and position monitoring device detects the pushing pressure and axial position during the process of the bearing strip lifting device 600 pushing the bearing strip 130. The axial position can be the axial position of the lifting rod 610 or the axial position of the bearing strip 130. By using the pushing pressure and axial position, it is possible to determine in real time whether the bearing strip 130 is installed correctly. Specifically, the pushing pressure reflects the matching status of the bearing strip 130 between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120: when the bearing strip 130 is misaligned, stuck, or incorrectly positioned, the pushing pressure will show abnormal changes; when the bearing strip 130 smoothly enters and reaches the set axial position, the pushing pressure is within the normal range. The axial position is used to confirm whether the bearing strip 130 has reached the preset axial installation position. If the axial position has reached the preset stroke end point but the pushing pressure is not within the normal range, it indicates that there may be problems such as bearing strip installation posture deviation or part dimensional deviation. In other words, the bearing strip 130 is determined to be installed correctly only when the axial position reaches the preset stroke end point and the pushing pressure is within the normal range. Pressure and position monitoring devices may include pressure detection elements (e.g., servo presses, pressure sensors, force sensors, torque sensors, or pressure switches) and position detection elements (e.g., servo presses, displacement sensors, laser rangefinders, magnetic scales, or encoders), and can be connected to a controller to realize functions such as pressure threshold determination, axial position determination, curve recording, and alarm shutdown.

[0056] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes an outer tube limiting fixture (not specifically shown in the figure), which is used to stop the outer tube column 120 or the outer tube mating unit 510 when the outer tube column 120 moves to a preset position along the axial direction Z, so as to limit the axial position of the outer tube column 120 relative to the inner tube column 110.

[0057] The outer tube limiting fixture stops the outer tube column 120 or the outer tube mating unit 510, limiting the axial position of the outer tube column 120 relative to the inner tube column 110. This ensures that the outer tube column 120 accurately stops when it moves along the Z-axis to a preset position, preventing excessive pressing of the outer tube column 120 and damage to the bearing strip 130 or the inner and outer tube columns, and also preventing insufficient movement of the outer tube column 120 from preventing the bearing strip 130 from being pushed in. The outer tube limiting fixture can be implemented using mechanical stops, limit blocks, sensor-triggered limits, or software-controlled limits, thereby ensuring the axial position accuracy of the outer tube column 120 during assembly. As an alternative implementation, a separate outer tube limiting fixture can be omitted. Instead, the axial position of the outer tube column 120 can be limited by precisely controlling the axial travel of the outer tube mating unit 510 through software control. This also ensures that the outer tube column 120 accurately stops when it reaches the preset position, while eliminating the need for a mechanical limiting fixture and simplifying the equipment structure.

[0058] In some embodiments, the outer tube first positioning fixture 400 includes a second driving unit 420 and an outer tube positioning part 410. The second driving unit 420 is used to drive the outer tube positioning part 410 to move radially. The outer tube positioning part 410 includes at least a pair of grippers for positioning the outer tube column 120. The outer tube first positioning fixture 400 is connected to the outer tube mating unit 510 and can move axially synchronously with the outer tube mating unit 510.

[0059] When the outer tube mating unit 510 drives the outer tube column 120 to move axially, the outer tube positioning part 410 can move synchronously with the outer tube column 120, so that the grippers will not obstruct the axial movement of the outer tube column 120 in the clamping state, nor will they fall off or become misaligned due to the movement of the outer tube column 120. In this way, the outer tube column 120 can be reliably positioned and gripped during the assembly process, and can also be smoothly driven to fit over the inner tube column 110 and the bearing strip 130. A pair of grippers can be a two-jaw, three-jaw, or multi-jaw structure, and the outer tube positioning part 410 can include multiple pairs of axially distributed grippers. The grippers can be pneumatically, electrically, or mechanically driven, as long as radial clamping can be achieved.

[0060] In some embodiments, the outer tube drive mechanism 500 includes a third drive unit 520 and an outer tube mating unit 510. The third drive unit 520 is used to drive the outer tube mating unit 510 to move along the axial direction Z. The outer tube mating unit 510 includes a drive mating surface 511 for contacting and mating with the end face of the outer tube column 120.

[0061] The driving mating surface 511 forms a contour-following contact with the end face of the outer tube column 120, which can automatically adapt to slight tilting or positional deviations of the end face of the outer tube column 120 when driving the axial movement of the outer tube column 120, avoiding local stress concentration, protecting the end face of the outer tube column 120 from being crushed, and ensuring smooth transmission of driving force. The third driving unit 520 can be a servo motor, cylinder, electric cylinder, etc., which can drive the outer tube column 120 to move at a programmed speed to adapt to the speed requirements of different stages in the assembly process.

[0062] In some embodiments, the bearing bar positioning fixture 300 includes a fourth drive unit 320 and a bearing bar positioning part 310. The fourth drive unit 320 is used to drive the bearing bar positioning part 310 to move radially. The bearing bar positioning part 310 includes a vacuum suction cup and a vacuum channel communicating with a vacuum source. The vacuum suction cup is used to adsorb and fix the bearing bar 130.

[0063] Fixing the bearing strip 130 using vacuum adsorption avoids applying excessive mechanical clamping force, preventing damage to the plastic retaining material or detachment of the steel balls. Simultaneously, differential pressure control ensures the bearing strip 130 remains stable during positioning and movement, improving positioning accuracy. The vacuum suction cup can be configured with multiple adsorption points to fit the shape of the bearing strip 130, further enhancing adsorption stability. Furthermore, the bearing strip positioning part 310 can be driven by pneumatic clamping or other methods instead of vacuum adsorption, as long as low-stress fixing is achieved.

[0064] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes a camera (not specifically shown in the figure) whose field of view covers the positioning area of ​​the bearing bar positioning fixture 300.

[0065] Using a camera, the bearing strip 130 can be visually inspected, such as checking whether the steel balls in the bearing strip 130 are complete, whether the quantity meets the requirements, and whether the position is correct. In this way, defective products can be rejected before assembly, avoiding abnormal friction or failure of the steering column after assembly due to problems such as missing steel balls. The camera can be an industrial camera, a vision sensor, a CCD camera, etc., and can be used in conjunction with an image processing system to achieve automatic identification and alarm functions.

[0066] In some embodiments, the inner tube first positioning fixture 200 includes a fifth driving unit 220 and an inner tube positioning part 210. The fifth driving unit 220 is used to drive the inner tube positioning part 210 to move along the axial direction Z and / or rotate along the circumferential direction. The inner tube positioning part 210 is used to position the inner tube column 110. And / or, the inner tube positioning part 210 is provided with a positioning feature, which is used to make the bearing groove of the inner tube column 110 have a predetermined positional relationship with the bearing bar positioning fixture 300.

[0067] By using the fifth drive unit 220 to drive the inner tube positioning part 210 to move axially (Z) and / or rotate circumferentially, the position and angle of the inner tube post 110 can be adjusted, aligning the bearing groove of the inner tube post 110 with the bearing strip positioning fixture 300. Alternatively or additionally, the inner tube positioning part 210 is provided with positioning features, such as positioning pins, positioning grooves, splines, bosses, etc., to cooperate with corresponding structures of the inner tube post 110, ensuring that the bearing groove of the inner tube post 110 has a predetermined positional relationship with the bearing strip positioning fixture 300. In this way, precise circumferential positioning of the bearing groove of the inner tube post 110 can be achieved before assembly, allowing the bearing strip 130 to be accurately pushed into the corresponding bearing groove, avoiding assembly failure or part damage due to angular deviation.

[0068] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the structure of the oiling section of the steering column assembly equipment, combined with... Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes: an inner tube second positioning fixture 710 for positioning the inner tube column 110 at the oiling station; an outer tube second positioning fixture 720 for positioning the outer tube column 120 at the oiling station; and an oiling device 800, which is provided with two oiling heads 840, the two oiling heads 840 being used to spray grease into the bearing grooves of the inner tube column 110 and the bearing grooves of the outer tube column 120, respectively.

[0069] By automatically applying oil to the bearing grooves of the inner and outer columns before assembly, the frictional resistance between the bearing strip 130 and the inner and outer columns during assembly can be reduced, the assembly force can be reduced, damage to the bearing strip 130 can be avoided, and the lubrication performance and efficiency of the steering column during use can be improved.

[0070] In some embodiments, the inner tube second positioning fixture 710 includes a first rotating stage 711, and the outer tube second positioning fixture 720 includes a second rotating stage 721. The inner tube second positioning fixture 710 and the outer tube second positioning fixture 720 also include positioning platforms. The first rotating stage 711 and the second rotating stage 721 are used to drive the corresponding positioning platforms to rotate. The positioning platforms are used to position the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120.

[0071] The first rotary table 711 and the second rotary table 721 can rotate the inner and outer tube columns to a specified angle, and then, in conjunction with two grease-applying heads 840, sequentially spray grease onto multiple bearing grooves of the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120. The first rotary table 711 and the second rotary table 721 can be indexing plates, servo rotary platforms, etc., which can precisely control the rotation angle, ensuring accurate spraying position for each bearing groove and avoiding missed grease application, incorrect weight, or repeated spraying. The positioning table is used to fix the inner and outer tube columns, ensuring that the parts do not move during rotation and spraying.

[0072] In some embodiments, the oiling device 800 includes a vertical motion mechanism 810, a first horizontal motion mechanism 820, and a second horizontal motion mechanism 830. The vertical motion mechanism 810 is mounted on a fixed frame, the first horizontal motion mechanism 820 is mounted on the actuating end of the vertical motion mechanism 810, and the second horizontal motion mechanism 830 is mounted on the actuating end of the first horizontal motion mechanism 820. Two oiling heads 840 are respectively mounted on the actuating ends of the second horizontal motion mechanism 830 and the first horizontal motion mechanism 820. The vertical motion mechanism 810 is used to drive the two oiling heads 840 to move vertically, the first horizontal motion mechanism 820 is used to drive the two oiling heads 840 to move along a first horizontal direction, and the second horizontal motion mechanism 830 is used to drive the oiling head 840 mounted on its actuating end to move along a second horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction being perpendicular to the first horizontal direction.

[0073] Utilizing the vertical motion mechanism 810, the first horizontal motion mechanism 820, and the second horizontal motion mechanism 830, the oiling head 840 can achieve three degrees of freedom of movement: vertical lifting, left and right movement, and forward and backward movement. The forward and backward movement can adapt to the oiling requirements of special structures such as the support section on the inner tube column 110, ensuring that the bearing groove and support area are covered with grease. Each motion mechanism can be driven by a servo motor, linear module, cylinder, etc., and the oiling path for different models of inner and outer tube columns can be flexibly switched through programmable control.

[0074] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment further includes a turntable mechanism (not specifically shown in the figure), on which the inner tube first positioning fixture 200 is mounted. The turntable mechanism is used to rotate the inner tube first positioning fixture 200 from the bearing bar assembly station to the outer tube assembly station, wherein the bearing bar positioning fixture 300 is mounted on the inner tube first positioning fixture 200.

[0075] After the bearing strip 130 is positioned in the bearing groove of the inner tube column 110, the inner tube first positioning fixture 200, together with the inner tube column 110 and the bearing strip 130, can be transferred to the outer tube assembly station by the turntable mechanism. This eliminates the need for manual handling or repositioning, reducing positioning errors and improving assembly efficiency and automation. The turntable mechanism can be a rotary table, indexing plate, or similar type.

[0076] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment may have at least one of the following operating states: a first assembly state, in which the bearing bar positioning part 310 is positioned to hold the bearing bar 130 in the bearing groove of the inner tube column 110, the outer tube positioning part 410 is positioned to position the outer tube column 120, and the outer tube mating unit 510 is positioned to partially sleeve the outer tube column 120 around the inner tube column 110 and the bearing bar 130; a second assembly state, in which the bearing bar positioning part 310 is positioned to be separated from the bearing bar 130, the outer tube positioning part 410 is positioned to position the outer tube column 120, and the outer tube mating unit 510 is positioned to completely sleeve the outer tube column 120 around the inner tube column 110; and a lifting state, in which the bearing bar lifting device 600 is positioned to extend between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120 and push the bearing bar 130 to a set axial position.

[0077] During the assembly of the steering column, the three working states described above are carried out sequentially according to the assembly sequence. First, the bearing bar positioning fixture 300 radially pushes the bearing bar 130 into the bearing groove of the inner tube column 110 to complete the pre-positioning. Then, the outer tube drive mechanism 500 drives the outer tube column 120 to partially fit over the inner tube column 110 and the bearing bar 130. At this time, the outer tube column 120 forms initial contact with the bearing bar 130 and the inner tube column 110, realizing the initial positioning and coaxial constraint of the three. Next, the outer tube column 120 continues to move along the axial direction Z until it is completely fitted over the inner tube column 110, until the designated position. Finally, the bearing bar lifting device 600 pushes the bearing bar 130 along the axial direction Z to lift the bearing bar 130 to the set installation position.

[0078] The above assembly sequence has the following technical effects: First, the partial insertion stage (first assembly state) achieves the initial positioning and alignment of the outer tube column 120, bearing strip 130, and inner tube column 110. During the partial insertion process, the outer tube column 120 simultaneously contacts the bearing strip 130 and the inner tube column 110, which can constrain and guide the radial position and axial posture of the bearing strip 130, preventing radial offset or skew of the bearing strip 130 in subsequent assembly, and providing a good alignment foundation for the final lifting. Second, the complete insertion stage (first assembly state) is coordinated with the release action of the bearing strip positioning fixture 300. After the outer tube column 120 is partially inserted, the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 releases the bearing strip 130 and withdraws radially, avoiding interference with the continued axial movement of the outer tube column 120; subsequently, the outer tube drive mechanism 500 continues to drive the outer tube column 120 to the designated position where it is completely inserted outside the inner tube column 110. At this point, the space between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120 is fully established, providing a stable radial clearance and guide channel for the lifting of the bearing strip 130. Third, during the lifting stage (lifting state), the bearing strip 130 undergoes final axial position correction. Because the outer tube column 120 may cause the bearing strip 130 to shift axially along the Z-axis during the complete insertion process, causing it to deviate from the target installation position, the bearing strip lifting device 600 pushes the bearing strip 130 axially along the Z-axis at this time, restoring the bearing strip 130 from its potentially displaced position and lifting it to the set installation position, ensuring the accurate axial position of the bearing strip 130 between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120. The above assembly sequence is clear and independent, and the stress state at each stage is controllable. Compared with the traditional one-time pressing method, the bearing strip 130 is only subjected to a small and controllable contact force during the partial insertion stage. During the fully inserted stage, the bearing strip 130 is in a relatively free state. In the final lifting stage, based on the accurate relative position of the inner and outer tube columns and the provision of a suitable installation space for the bearing strip 130, an axial pushing force is applied, which effectively reduces the risk of the bearing strip 130 being damaged by continuous friction or excessive pressing force, resulting in damage to the plastic retention material or the steel ball falling off.

[0079] In some embodiments, the assembly equipment also has an oiling state, in which two oiling heads 840 are moved to spraying positions corresponding to the bearing grooves of the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120, respectively.

[0080] Two 840 grease nozzles are positioned close to the bearing groove, allowing grease to be sprayed directly onto specific locations within the groove, improving grease uniformity and adhesion, and reducing grease splashing and waste.

[0081] This application also provides a method for assembling a steering column, which is implemented based on the assembly equipment described in any of the above embodiments. Figure 7 The main steps of the steering column assembly method are illustrated. (Refer to...) Figure 7 and combined Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the assembly method of the steering column provided in this application embodiment may include the following steps: S910, controlling the inner tube first positioning fixture 200 to position the inner tube column 110; S920, controlling the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 to drive the bearing strip 130 to move radially into the bearing groove of the inner tube column 110; S930, controlling the outer tube first positioning fixture 400 to position the outer tube column 120, and controlling the turntable mechanism to rotate the inner tube first positioning fixture 200 from the bearing strip assembly station to the outer tube assembly station; S940, controlling the outer tube drive mechanism 500 to drive the outer tube column 120 to move axially Z to a portion S950: The bearing strip positioning fixture 300 is controlled to move away from the bearing strip 130, and the outer tube drive mechanism 500 is controlled to drive the outer tube column 120 to continue moving along the axial direction Z until it is completely fitted outside the inner tube column 110, until the designated position is reached; S960: The bearing strip lifting device 600 is controlled to push the bearing strip 130 along the axial direction Z, so that the bearing strip 130 enters the predetermined assembly position between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120; S970: The outer tube drive mechanism 500 is controlled to move away from the outer tube column 120, and the bearing strip lifting device 600 is controlled to retract.

[0082] Through precise step control, the assembly of the inner tube column 110, outer tube column 120, and bearing strip 130 is automated, improving assembly quality and efficiency. Specifically, the outer tube column 120 is first partially fitted over the inner tube column 110 and bearing strip 130. Then, the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 is released, and the outer tube column 120 continues to be driven. Finally, the bearing strip 130 is pushed into place using a lifting device, ensuring that the bearing strip 130 is always guided and limited during the assembly process, preventing misalignment and damage.

[0083] In some embodiments, before the inner tube first positioning fixture 200 positions the inner tube column 110, the assembly method includes: controlling the inner tube second positioning fixture 710 to position the inner tube column 110, and controlling the outer tube second positioning fixture 720 to position the outer tube column 120; controlling the two oiling heads 840 of the oiling device 800 to spray grease onto the bearing grooves of the inner tube column 110 and the bearing grooves of the outer tube column 120 respectively; after the oiling is completed, the inner tube column 110 is gripped and positioned by the inner tube first positioning fixture 200, and the outer tube column 120 is gripped and positioned by the outer tube first positioning fixture 400.

[0084] The oiling process and the assembly process can be seamlessly connected to ensure that the bearing grooves of the inner and outer tube columns are fully lubricated before assembly, reducing assembly resistance and friction. At the same time, automatic gripping and transfer reduce manual intervention and improve the automation level of the production line.

[0085] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the overall structure of the steering column assembly equipment, combined with... Figures 1 to 8 As shown in the figure, in a specific example, the process of assembling a steering column using assembly equipment can include the following five steps.

[0086] The first step is to apply oil to the inner and outer tube columns. At the oiling station W1, the outer tube column 120 is placed on the positioning platform of the second positioning fixture 720, and the inner tube column 110 is placed on the positioning platform of the second positioning fixture 710. The inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120 are rotated to specified angles by the first rotating platform 711 of the second positioning fixture 710 and the second rotating platform 721 of the second positioning fixture 720. The vertical motion mechanism 810 and the first horizontal motion mechanism 820 of the oiling device 800 drive the two oiling heads 840 to move, bringing them close to the bearing grooves of the outer tube column 120 and the inner tube column 110 respectively for grease spraying. After the first bearing groove is coated, the vertical motion mechanism 810 drives the oiling head 840 to rise. The first rotary table 711 and the second rotary table 721 rotate the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120 to the next angle, respectively. The above actions are repeated to complete the coating of the second and third bearing grooves. Through programming control, the coating parameters of different models of inner and outer tube columns can be set. The second horizontal motion mechanism 830 can also drive one of the oiling heads 840 to move back and forth along the second horizontal direction to adapt to the coating requirements of special structures such as the support part of the inner tube column 110. After the oiling is completed, the gripping mechanism grips the inner tube column 110 to the inner tube first positioning fixture 200 and the outer tube column 120 to the outer tube first positioning fixture 400.

[0087] The second step is the positioning and inspection of the bearing strip 130. At the bearing strip assembly station W2, the inner tube column 110 is positioned by the inner tube first positioning fixture 200. The fourth drive unit 320 of the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 drives the bearing strip positioning part 310 to move radially, pushing the bearing strip 130 into the corresponding bearing groove of the inner tube column 110, thus keeping the bearing strip 130 within the bearing groove of the inner tube column 110. The bearing strip positioning part 310 fixes the bearing strip 130 by vacuum adsorption, ensuring that the bearing strip 130 is stable on the fixture and does not move. A camera can be set below or to the side of the bearing strip positioning fixture 300, its field of view covering the positioning area, to photograph and inspect the bearing strip 130, confirming that no steel balls are missing from the bearing strip 130.

[0088] The third step is the initial assembly of the outer tube column 120. After the bearing strip 130 is positioned, the turntable mechanism rotates the inner tube first positioning fixture 200, along with the inner tube column 110 and the bearing strip 130, from the bearing strip assembly station W2 to the outer tube assembly station W3. Since the bearing strip positioning fixture 300 is assembled with the inner tube first positioning fixture 200, the relative positional relationship between the bearing strip 130 and the inner tube column 110 remains unchanged, and no repositioning is required. At the outer tube assembly station W3, the outer tube first positioning fixture 400 clamps the outer tube column 120 through the outer tube positioning part 410 moving radially. The outer tube first positioning fixture 400 is connected to the outer tube mating unit 510 and can move axially synchronously with the outer tube mating unit 510. The third drive unit 520 of the outer tube drive mechanism 500 drives the outer tube mating unit 510 to move axially Z, and the drive mating surface 511 of the outer tube mating unit 510 contacts and engages with the end face of the outer tube column 120. Under programmed control, the outer tube mating unit 510 moves axially at a specified speed, so that the outer tube column 120 is partially sleeved on the inner tube column 110 and the bearing strip 130. At this time, the outer tube column 120 comes into contact with the inner tube column 110 with the bearing strip 130, forming a preliminary fit.

[0089] The fourth step is the complete assembly of the outer tube column 120. After the initial positioning and engagement of the outer tube column 120, bearing strip 130, and inner tube column 110 are achieved, the bearing strip positioning part 310 is controlled to move radially away from the bearing strip 130. Then, the outer tube engagement unit 510 is controlled to continue driving the outer tube column 120 axially until the outer tube column 120 moves to a preset position and stops. This preset position can be achieved through software control or mechanical limit to ensure that the outer tube column 120 is not excessively pressed down. At this time, the outer tube column 120 is completely fitted into the designated position outside the inner tube column 110, but the bearing strip 130 may not yet be in the correct installation position between the inner and outer tube columns.

[0090] Step 5: The bearing bar lifting device 600 is activated. The first drive unit of the bearing bar lifting device 600 drives the lifting rod 610 to move upward along the Z-axis. The lifting rod 610 extends between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120, pushing the bearing bar 130 upward. During the pushing process, the pressure and position monitoring device detects the pushing pressure and axial position in real time and sends the pressure signal and position signal to the controller. The controller determines whether the bearing bar 130 is installed correctly based on the pushing pressure and the axial position of the lifting rod 610 or the bearing bar 130: if the pushing pressure and axial position are both within the preset normal range, the installation is considered qualified; if the pushing pressure or axial position is abnormal, it is determined that there may be problems such as jamming or misalignment, triggering an alarm or shutdown. Through pressure and position monitoring, the matching process of the bearing bar 130 between the inner tube column 110 and the outer tube column 120 can be checked to determine whether the bearing bar 130 is installed correctly, preventing damage to parts.

[0091] Finally, after the bearing strip 130 enters the predetermined assembly position between the inner and outer tube columns, the outer tube positioning fixture and the outer tube mating unit 510 release the outer tube column 120, and the bearing strip lifting device 600 retracts, completing the assembly. The equipment then resets and enters the next cycle.

[0092] The above-described embodiments enable automated and mechanized assembly of the steering column, avoiding damage to the bearing strip 130 and loss of steel balls due to excessive force during assembly, ensuring accurate installation of the bearing strip 130, improving assembly consistency and production efficiency, and meeting the requirements of large-scale stable production.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of this application and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of this application to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of this application, and all such modifications or substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An assembly device for a steering column, the steering column comprising an inner tube column, an outer tube column sleeved outside the inner tube column, and a bearing strip disposed between the inner tube column and the outer tube column, characterized in that, The assembly equipment includes: The inner tube first positioning fixture is used to position the inner tube column; A bearing bar positioning fixture cooperates with the first positioning fixture of the inner tube. The bearing bar positioning fixture includes a bearing bar positioning part that can move radially relative to the first positioning fixture of the inner tube. The bearing bar positioning part is used to position the bearing bar into the bearing groove of the inner tube column. The outer tube first positioning fixture includes an outer tube positioning part that can move radially relative to the inner tube first positioning fixture, the outer tube positioning part being used to position the outer tube column; The outer tube drive mechanism includes an outer tube mating unit that can move axially relative to the first positioning fixture of the inner tube, the outer tube mating unit being used to push the outer tube column to move axially; The bearing bar lifting device is capable of moving along the axial direction relative to the first positioning fixture of the inner tube. The bearing bar lifting device is used to extend between the inner tube column and the outer tube column and push the bearing bar along the axial direction.

2. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing bar lifting device includes a first drive unit and a lifting rod connected to the first drive unit. The first drive unit is used to drive the lifting rod to move along the axial direction, and the lifting rod is used to push the bearing bar.

3. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly equipment also includes a pressure and position monitoring device, which is used to detect the pushing pressure and axial position during the process of the bearing bar lifting device pushing the bearing bar.

4. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly equipment also includes an outer tube limiting fixture, which is used to stop the outer tube column or the outer tube mating unit when the outer tube column moves along the axial direction to a preset position, so as to limit the axial position of the outer tube column relative to the inner tube column. Alternatively, the movement stroke of the outer tube mating unit can be controlled by software to limit the axial position of the outer tube column relative to the inner tube column.

5. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer tube first positioning fixture includes a second driving unit and the outer tube positioning part. The second driving unit is used to drive the outer tube positioning part to move along the radial direction. The outer tube positioning part includes at least a pair of grippers for positioning the outer tube column. The first positioning fixture of the outer tube is connected to the outer tube mating unit and can move axially synchronously with the outer tube mating unit.

6. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer tube drive mechanism includes a third drive unit and the outer tube mating unit. The third drive unit is used to drive the outer tube mating unit to move along the axial direction. The outer tube mating unit includes a drive mating surface for contacting and mating with the end face of the outer tube column.

7. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing strip positioning fixture includes a fourth drive unit and a bearing strip positioning part. The fourth drive unit is used to drive the bearing strip positioning part to move along the radial direction. The bearing strip positioning part includes a vacuum suction cup and a vacuum channel connected to a vacuum source. The vacuum suction cup is used to adsorb and fix the bearing strip.

8. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly equipment also includes a camera whose field of view covers the positioning area of ​​the bearing bar positioning fixture.

9. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first positioning fixture for the inner tube includes a fifth driving unit and an inner tube positioning part. The fifth driving unit is used to drive the inner tube positioning part to move along the axial direction and / or rotate circumferentially. The inner tube positioning part is used to position the inner tube column; and / or The inner tube positioning part is provided with a positioning feature, which is used to make the bearing groove of the inner tube column have a predetermined positional relationship with the bearing bar positioning fixture.

10. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly equipment also includes: The inner tube second positioning fixture is used to position the inner tube column at the oiling station; The outer tube second positioning fixture is used to position the outer tube column at the oiling station; The oiling device is equipped with two oiling heads, which are used to spray grease into the bearing grooves of the inner tube column and the bearing grooves of the outer tube column, respectively.

11. The assembly equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that, The inner tube second positioning fixture and the outer tube second positioning fixture each include a rotary table and a positioning table. The rotary table is used to drive the positioning table to rotate, and the positioning table is used to position the inner tube column and the outer tube column.

12. The assembly equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that, The oiling device includes a vertical motion mechanism, a first horizontal motion mechanism, and a second horizontal motion mechanism; The vertical motion mechanism is mounted on a fixed frame, the first horizontal motion mechanism is mounted on the actuating end of the vertical motion mechanism, and the second horizontal motion mechanism is mounted on the actuating end of the first horizontal motion mechanism. The two oiling heads are respectively installed at the working end of the second horizontal motion mechanism and the working end of the first horizontal motion mechanism; The vertical motion mechanism is used to drive the two oiling heads to move vertically, the first horizontal motion mechanism is used to drive the two oiling heads to move along a first horizontal direction, and the second horizontal motion mechanism is used to drive the oiling head installed on its actuating end to move along a second horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction being perpendicular to the first horizontal direction.

13. The assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly equipment further includes a turntable mechanism, on which the inner tube first positioning fixture is mounted. The turntable mechanism is used to rotate the inner tube first positioning fixture from the bearing bar assembly station to the outer tube assembly station, wherein the bearing bar positioning fixture is mounted on the inner tube first positioning fixture.

14. The assembly equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The assembly equipment can have at least one of the following operating states: In the first assembly state, the bearing strip positioning part is located in the bearing groove of the inner tube column to keep the bearing strip in place, the outer tube positioning part is located in the position to position the outer tube column, and the outer tube mating unit is located in the position to fit the outer tube column part onto the outer tube column and the bearing strip. In the second assembly state, the bearing strip positioning part is located in a position separated from the bearing strip, the outer tube positioning part is located in a position for positioning the outer tube column, and the outer tube mating unit is located in a designated position for completely fitting the outer tube column outside the inner tube column. In the lifting state, the bearing bar lifting device is located between the inner tube column and the outer tube column and pushes the bearing bar to the set axial position.

15. The assembly equipment according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that, The assembly equipment also has an oiling state, in which the two oiling heads are moved to spraying positions corresponding to the bearing grooves of the inner tube column and the bearing grooves of the outer tube column, respectively.

16. A method for assembling a steering column, characterized in that, Based on the assembly equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, the assembly method includes the following steps: The first positioning fixture of the inner tube is used to position the inner tube column. The bearing bar positioning fixture is controlled to drive the bearing bar to move radially into the bearing groove of the inner tube column; The outer tube first positioning fixture is controlled to position the outer tube column, and the turntable mechanism is controlled to rotate the inner tube first positioning fixture from the bearing strip assembly station to the outer tube assembly station. The outer tube drive mechanism is controlled to drive the outer tube column to move axially until it is partially sleeved outside the inner tube column and the bearing strip; Control the bearing bar positioning fixture to leave the bearing bar, and control the outer tube drive mechanism to drive the outer tube column to continue moving axially until it is completely fitted outside the inner tube column, until the designated position is reached; The bearing bar lifting device is controlled to push the bearing bar axially, so that the bearing bar enters the predetermined assembly position between the inner tube column and the outer tube column; Control the outer tube drive mechanism to move away from the outer tube column, and control the bearing bar lifting device to retract.

17. The assembly method according to claim 16, characterized in that, Before controlling the first positioning fixture of the inner tube to position the inner tube column, the assembly method includes: The inner tube second positioning fixture is controlled to position the inner tube column, and the outer tube second positioning fixture is controlled to position the outer tube column; The two oiling heads of the control oiling device spray grease into the bearing grooves of the inner tube column and the bearing grooves of the outer tube column, respectively. After the oiling is completed, the inner tube column is gripped and positioned by the first positioning fixture of the inner tube, and the outer tube column is gripped and positioned by the first positioning fixture of the outer tube.

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