Double-sided synchronous gear shaft high-precision turning and milling machine tool

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts, relating to the field of shaft grinding technology. It includes a polishing machine comprising an electric chuck that slides at the top to clamp and control the rotation of the shaft, a polishing wheel on one side, and a sliding frame at the top of the machine. It further includes: a range adjustment mechanism located above the shaft within the electric chuck; the range adjustment mechanism includes a fixed nozzle and a movable nozzle that are driven by lifting to adapt to adjusting the heat dissipation and chip removal range for shafts of different thicknesses; a lifting mechanism located inside the sliding frame to adjust the range adjustment range of the range adjustment mechanism; and a flow regulating mechanism located inside the lifting mechanism to adjust the flow rate and increase the impact force to assist chip removal when polishing the thinnest shaft. This invention solves the problem that polishing equipment generally uses a fixed posture and fixed path cooling and chip removal structure, which cannot adapt to the heat dissipation and chip removal requirements of different thicknesses of transmission shafts, resulting in poor processing adaptability and finished product consistency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft grinding technology, specifically a high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts. Background Technology

[0002] Double-sided synchronous gear drive shafts, as key basic components of precision synchronous transmission systems, are widely used in automated transmission equipment, precision servo mechanisms, and synchronous belt drive devices, mainly to achieve stable torque transmission and high-precision synchronous rotary motion.

[0003] Double-sided synchronous gear drive shafts typically employ a stepped shaft structure, featuring an outer cylindrical working surface for assembling the shaft diameter. The dimensional accuracy, roundness, cylindricity, and surface roughness of this outer cylindrical surface directly affect the meshing stability of the synchronous belt, the transmission noise level, and the overall service life of the machine. In the drive shaft machining process, outer cylindrical grinding and surface polishing are the core processes for ensuring surface quality and assembly accuracy. Grinding corrects the outer cylindrical dimensions and positional accuracy of the shaft, while polishing removes grinding marks and optimizes the surface microstructure, enabling the drive shaft to meet the requirements of high-precision assembly and high-speed, durable operation.

[0004] Traditional cylindrical grinding and polishing equipment generally adopts a fixed posture and fixed path cooling and chip removal structure, which cannot adapt to the grinding heat dissipation and chip removal requirements of drive shafts with different diameters and specifications. The processing adaptability and finished product consistency are poor. In actual production, when grinding small-diameter slender drive shafts, the frictional heat between the polishing roller and the workpiece is concentrated. Moreover, the workpiece itself has a small heat capacity, and the heat is mainly diffused along the axial direction. The coverage of conventional fixed-point cooling methods is limited, which can easily cause high-temperature tempering, micro-cracks and thermal elongation bending deformation on the surface. At the same time, the centrifugal chip removal capacity of the slender shaft is weak, and the grinding chips are easily embedded in the polishing contact gap, causing secondary scratch defects. When machining large-diameter drive shafts, the heat mainly diffuses radially inward, requiring only localized concentrated cooling and dust removal. If continuous high-pressure blowing is used, the internal residual heat of the large shaft diameter is difficult to dissipate completely. When machining large-diameter shafts, the energy of high-pressure airflow is ineffectively dissipated. When machining small-diameter slender shafts, continuous high-flow air jetting will also cause a large waste of compressed air.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for innovative design based on the existing high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention addresses the problem of overly simplistic solutions in existing technologies by providing a significantly different solution. Specifically, the present invention aims to provide a high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts, thereby solving the problem mentioned in the background art that external cylindrical grinding and polishing equipment generally adopts a fixed posture and fixed path cooling and chip removal structure, which cannot adapt to the grinding heat dissipation and chip removal requirements of transmission shafts with different thicknesses, resulting in poor processing adaptability and product consistency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts, comprising a polishing machine, which includes an electric chuck that slides on top for clamping the shaft and controlling its rotation, a polishing wheel disposed on one side, a sliding frame located on top of the polishing machine, and further comprising: The range adjustment mechanism is located above the shaft inside the electric chuck. The range adjustment mechanism includes a fixed nozzle and a movable nozzle that are driven by lifting to adapt to different shaft sizes and adjust the heat dissipation and chip removal range. The lifting mechanism, located inside the sliding frame, is used to adjust the range of the lifting drive range adjustment mechanism to adapt to the adjustment range. The flow adjustment mechanism, located inside the lifting mechanism, is used to adjust the flow rate and increase the impact force to assist in chip removal when polishing the thinnest shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the rotation center of the electric chuck and the rotation center of the polishing wheel are on the same horizontal plane, and the polishing wheel moves back and forth and left and right about its horizontal plane.

[0009] Preferably, the sliding frame slides horizontally about the electric chuck, and its interior is concentrically provided with holes suitable for machining shafts with the largest diameter about the rotation center of the electric chuck.

[0010] Preferably, the lifting mechanism further includes an electric cylinder installed on the top of the sliding frame. The lower moving part of the electric cylinder is provided with an upper tube, and a lower tube is installed with a flange at the bottom end of the upper tube. A key rod is provided inside the lower tube in a directional sliding manner about its vertical direction, and a guide wheel is provided at the bottom end of the key rod for contacting the shaft.

[0011] Preferably, a positioning plate and an integrally formed slide rod are installed at the top of the key rod and inside the lower tube, and a spring for controlling the key rod to return to its original position is sleeved on the outer wall of the slide rod.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the spring is fixedly connected to the positioning plate, and the top of the spring is in contact with the bottom surface of the upper tube.

[0013] Preferably, the range adjustment mechanism further includes a sleeve fixed to the outer wall of the lower pipe and a positioning plate fixed to the side wall of the sleeve. The fixed nozzle is snapped and installed in the middle of the positioning plate. The outer wall of the positioning plate and located on both sides of the fixed nozzle are vertically arranged side plates that initially generate rotational torque through torsion springs. The movable nozzle is snapped and installed on the outer wall of the side plates. A T-shaped plate is fixed to the side wall of the positioning disc and outside the lower tube, and an adjustment plate is installed at the bottom of the T-shaped plate.

[0014] Preferably, the two sides of the adjusting plate are the same inclined planes that tilt inwards, and a side wheel is rotatably installed on the top of the side plate and continuously contacts the inclined planes on both sides. A four-way valve is installed through the side wall of the upper pipe, and the top port of the fixed nozzle and the movable nozzle are sealed and connected to the outlet end of the four-way valve.

[0015] Preferably, the flow regulating mechanism further includes an integrated main pipe disposed on the side wall of the upper pipe and in the same horizontal direction as the inlet of the four-way valve, and a piston is vertically slidably installed inside the upper pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the top end of the slide rod and the bottom end of the piston are fixedly connected, and the piston slides and blocks the diameter of the main pipe hole as it rises with the key rod.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: When grinding large-diameter shafts, the left and right movable nozzles come together vertically and converge with the central fixed nozzle to align the grinding point of the shaft. When grinding small-diameter drive shafts, the movable nozzles fan out to both sides of the drive shaft axis, significantly extending the axial cooling and blowing coverage length. This matches the heat dissipation characteristics of the thin shaft's heat spreading along the axial length, thus automatically switching between two modes: concentrated spraying with three nozzles and fan-shaped axial spraying, depending on the thickness of the drive shaft. This perfectly matches the heat conduction characteristics of concentrated radial heat dissipation for thick shafts and long axial heat dissipation for thin shafts, effectively suppressing heat accumulation, thermal elongation bending, and surface heat burn defects during the grinding of thin shafts.

[0018] 2. As the key rod is lifted upwards, the guide slide rod moves upwards, pushing the piston upwards into the internal fluid channel of the main pipe. A narrow flow gap is formed between the outer circle of the piston cylinder and the inner wall of the main pipe, causing a sharp increase in the flow resistance of the pipeline. The dynamic pressure and impact force ejected from the nozzle are greatly increased. The high-pressure fluid convects and dissipates heat throughout the axial area of ​​the slender shaft through the expanded movable nozzle. The flow adjustment mechanism adaptively changes the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the channel according to the outer diameter of the drive shaft. When machining small-diameter shafts, the ventilation gap is reduced, which increases the airflow impact pressure while reducing the instantaneous gas consumption. When machining large-diameter shafts, the ventilation channel is fully opened to purge in a high-flow-rate, low-pressure mode. The entire structure forms a physical constraint on the maximum air flow of a single piece of equipment, which can balance the peak air load of multiple pieces of equipment operating simultaneously in the workshop. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the sliding frame and lifting mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the upper and lower tubes of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4for Figure 3 The diagram shows a detailed installation structure of the ferrule, positioning plate, side plate, T-shaped plate, and adjustment plate.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation and chip removal working state when grinding a coarse-diameter shaft part according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation and chip removal working state during the grinding of a thin-diameter shaft component according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The diagram shows the working state of the flow adjustment mechanism when the key rod is continuously pressed down and the finest diameter shaft is being ground and fitted.

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The diagram shows a side view.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Grinding and polishing machine; 2. Electric chuck; 3. Grinding and polishing wheel; 4. Sliding frame; 5. Electric cylinder; 6. Lower pipe; 7. Upper pipe; 8. Main pipe; 9. Key rod; 10. Guide wheel; 11. Positioning plate; 12. T-shaped plate; 13. Adjusting plate; 14. Sleeve; 15. Positioning plate; 16. Side plate; 17. Side wheel; 18. Movable nozzle; 19. Fixed nozzle; 20. Four-way valve; 21. Slide rod; 22. Spring; 23. Piston. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Please see Figures 1 to 8 This invention provides a technical solution: a high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts, comprising a polishing machine 1, which includes an electric chuck 2 that slides on top to clamp the shaft and control its rotation, a polishing wheel 3 disposed on one side, a sliding frame 4 located on top of the polishing machine 1, and further comprising: The range adjustment mechanism is located above the shaft inside the electric chuck 2. The range adjustment mechanism includes a fixed nozzle 19 and a movable nozzle 18 that are driven by lifting to adapt to different shafts of different thicknesses to adjust the heat dissipation and chip removal range. The lifting mechanism, located inside the sliding frame 4, is used to adjust the range of the lifting drive range adjustment mechanism to adapt to the adjustment range. The flow adjustment mechanism, located inside the lifting mechanism, is used to adjust the flow rate and increase the impact force to assist in chip removal when polishing the thinnest shaft.

[0030] In this embodiment: the lifting mechanism controls the range adjustment mechanism to move up and down. When grinding a thin shaft diameter part, the lifting mechanism controls the range adjustment mechanism to descend more (descend more deeply). When grinding a thick shaft diameter part, the lifting mechanism controls the range adjustment mechanism to descend less (descend less deeply). The range adjustment mechanism includes a centrally located main fixed nozzle 19 and symmetrically arranged movable nozzles 18 on both sides. When a large-diameter drive shaft is detected, the movable nozzles 18 on both sides are driven to retract inward, and the spray nozzles converge at the friction tangent point between the grinding roller and the workpiece to achieve fixed-point centralized cooling and chip removal. When a small-diameter, slender drive shaft is detected, the two movable nozzles 18 rotate outward in a fan shape and unfold. The central fixed nozzle 19 cools the heat source at a fixed point, while the two movable nozzles 18 extend along the drive shaft axis to spray, thus expanding the convective heat dissipation and coverage range in the axial length direction of the slender shaft. When the air or liquid supply end of the flow regulating mechanism is under constant pressure, the flow orifice is maximized during grinding of coarse shaft diameter parts, the flow resistance is reduced, the overall output flow of the fixed nozzle 19 and the movable nozzle 18 increases, but the jet velocity decreases, and the impact force acting on the workpiece surface decreases. Conversely, when grinding small-diameter shafts, the flow rate decreases, and the jet impact force is significantly enhanced after throttling and acceleration. When machining large-diameter drive shafts, the large flow rate and low pressure flow are used to achieve concentrated heat dissipation and dust blowing through the fully open orifice. When machining small-diameter drive shafts, the flow jet pressure is increased by reducing the orifice, thus achieving powerful chip removal and targeted cooling in a narrow contact area.

[0031] The rotation center of the electric chuck 2 and the rotation center of the grinding wheel 3 are on the same horizontal plane, and the grinding wheel 3 moves back and forth and left and right about its horizontal plane.

[0032] The sliding frame 4 slides horizontally about the electric chuck 2, and its interior is concentrically provided with holes suitable for machining shafts with the largest diameter about the rotation center of the electric chuck 2.

[0033] In this embodiment: the grinding and polishing machine 1 serves as the mounting base for the whole machine, integrating the bed guide rail, manual feed control components and transmission box. The electric chuck 2 is the workpiece clamping and rotation unit, which uses an electric three-jaw chuck to clamp the transmission shaft to be processed and drive the workpiece to rotate at a constant speed around its own axis.

[0034] The grinding wheel 3 is a composite grinding wheel assembly for grinding and polishing, which can complete two processes: removing the external cylindrical grinding allowance of the shaft and fine polishing the mirror surface. The sliding frame 4 is slidably mounted on the guide rail of the machine tool bed, which can drive the lifting mechanism and the range adjustment mechanism to move laterally for positioning. A tailstock can also be selected.

[0035] The end of the stepped double-sided synchronous gear drive shaft to be processed is clamped between the electric chucks 2 and centered and locked. After starting the equipment, the electric chucks 2 drive the drive shaft to rotate at a constant speed. The machine tool feed handwheel is operated to move the grinding wheel 3 to the outer circle of the workpiece to be processed. At the same time, the sliding frame 4 is manually pushed along the bed guide rail to slide above the shaft.

[0036] To avoid interference during clamping of the long shaft, users can directly pass the long shaft through the hole in the sliding bracket 4 during actual machining operations. This will not affect grinding interference, and at the same time, it can also dissipate heat and remove chips.

[0037] The lifting mechanism also includes an electric cylinder 5 installed on the top of the sliding frame 4. The lower moving part of the electric cylinder 5 is provided with an upper tube 7. The lower tube 6 is installed with a flange at the bottom end of the upper tube 7. The lower tube 6 is provided with a key rod 9 that slides vertically inside it. The bottom end of the key rod 9 is provided with a guide wheel 10 for contacting the shaft.

[0038] A positioning plate 11 and an integrated slide rod 21 are installed at the top of the key rod 9 and inside the lower tube 6. A spring 22 for controlling the key rod 9 to return to its original position is sleeved on the outer wall of the slide rod 21.

[0039] In this embodiment: the electric cylinder 5 is vertically fixed on the top of the sliding frame 4, and is used to vertically lift and lower the upper tube 7 and the lower tube 6 to drive the shaft diameter detection guide wheel 10 to contact the transmission shaft, so as to provide power input for the range adjustment mechanism.

[0040] The bottom of spring 22 is fixedly connected to the positioning plate 11, and the top of spring 22 is in contact with the bottom surface of the upper tube 7.

[0041] For this embodiment: Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 Compared to the traditional optical axis lifting mechanism, the key rod 9 can maintain vertical lifting and lowering without rotation. Furthermore, when the shaft is polished, the electric cylinder 5 can control the key rod 9 and the guide wheel 10 to rise away from the surface of the shaft, at which time the spring 22 can automatically return to its initial state.

[0042] The range adjustment mechanism also includes a sleeve 14 fixed to the outer wall of the lower pipe 6 and a positioning plate 15 fixed to the side wall of the sleeve 14. The fixed nozzle 19 is snapped and installed in the middle of the positioning plate 15. The outer wall of the positioning plate 15 and the sides of the fixed nozzle 19 are rotatably installed with torsion springs and are arranged vertically to generate rotational torque in the initial state. The movable nozzle 18 is snapped and installed on the outer wall of the side plate 16. A T-shaped plate 12 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the positioning plate 11 and outside the lower tube 6, and an adjustment plate 13 is installed at the bottom of the T-shaped plate 12.

[0043] The two sides of the adjusting plate 13 are the same inclined planes that tilt inward. The side plate 16 is rotatably mounted on the side wheel 17, which is in continuous contact with the inclined planes on both sides. The side wall of the upper pipe 7 is connected to the four-way valve 20. The top port of the fixed nozzle 19 and the movable nozzle 18 are sealed and connected to the outlet end of the four-way valve 20.

[0044] As in this embodiment: A high-precision linear displacement sensor (LVDT inductive displacement sensor) is installed at the mounting positions of key rod 9 and guide wheel 10. The double-sided synchronous gear drive shaft is clamped by electric chuck 2 and rotates at high speed. The guide wheel 10 is always elastically pre-tightened and lightly attached to the outer surface of the drive shaft. If the workpiece is clamped without eccentricity or circular runout, the radial dimension remains constant when the drive shaft rotates circumferentially, the vertical height of the guide wheel 10 remains stationary, and the displacement sensor outputs a fixed reference voltage and current signal. If the center of the workpiece at both ends is misaligned, the chuck is loose, or the shaft itself is bent and deformed, causing radial runout, the displacement sensor will synchronously capture the continuous dynamic displacement and convert the mechanical reciprocating stroke into a continuous analog electrical signal.

[0045] The displacement sensor converts the mechanical stroke into an analog electrical signal and transmits it to the PLC main control unit. The PLC filters the signal and calculates the actual radial runout value, which is then automatically compared with a preset qualified threshold. When the runout exceeds the allowable range, the PLC immediately drives the audible and visual alarm and interlocks the machine tool to prevent the start of processing. By relying on the PLC to achieve automatic sensing and judgment, the intelligence level, processing stability and finished product qualification rate of the grinding and polishing equipment are greatly improved.

[0046] Please see Figure 5 When the guide wheel 10 detects the large outer diameter shaft, the user controls the guide wheel 10 to touch the surface of the shaft. The lifting mechanism controls the lowering degree of the adjustment mechanism (key rod 9 controls the guide wheel 10 to lower shallowly or not lower at all, the guide wheel 10 can directly contact the shaft). In this state, the side wheel 17 is in the initial state (i.e. the uppermost of the inclined surfaces on both sides of the adjustment plate 13). At this time, the pre-tightening torque of the torsion spring at the hinge of the side plate 16 and the positioning plate 15 is released, pulling the left and right side plates 16 to rotate inward around the hinge point of the positioning plate 15 and being blocked by the inclined surfaces on both sides of the adjustment plate 13. The two side plates 16 maintain a vertically retracted posture, the left and right movable nozzles 18 are vertically close together, and the three converge and align with the central main fixed nozzle 19 to grind the shaft cutting point, realizing the three nozzles to concentrate and fix the point for cooling and purging.

[0047] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6When the detected shaft is a small diameter drive shaft, the lowering degree of the lifting mechanism control range adjustment mechanism is greater (the lowering is deeper, and the degree of lowering is determined according to the diameter of the shaft. The thinner the shaft, the greater the degree of lowering of the key rod 9 controlled by the electric cylinder 5). When the key rod 9 is driven by the lowering force of the electric cylinder 5, it rises in the lower tube 6. During the rising process, it drives the positioning plate 11 to control the T-shaped plate 12 to drive the adjusting plate 13 to move upward and vertically in sync with the key rod 9 (a groove is opened in the lower tube 6 to limit the T-shaped plate 12, which can keep the T-shaped plate 12 moving up and down in the vertical direction of the lower tube 6).

[0048] The inclined surfaces on both sides of the adjusting plate 13 face upwards. Affected by the torsion of the torsion spring, the side plate 16 flips and drives the side wheel 17 to continuously follow and adhere to the inclined surfaces on both sides of the adjusting plate 13. The inclined component of the inclined surface forms an outward horizontal thrust on the side plate 16 through the side wheel 17, forcing the left and right side plates 16 to flip outwards and open with the hinge of the positioning plate 15 as the pivot point. The movable nozzle 18 then opens in a fan shape to both sides of the drive shaft axis, greatly extending the axial cooling and blowing coverage length, matching the heat dissipation characteristics of the thin shaft heat spreading along the axial strip. At the same time, the key rod 9 and the guide wheel 10 descend to a deeper position, so the nozzles of the fixed nozzle 19 and the movable nozzle 18 are also closer to the shaft grinding friction position, which is beneficial to the chip removal of the thin shaft.

[0049] Understandable: Torsion spring preload: Applying reverse torque in the initial vertical state ensures that the side plate 16 can reliably return and retract under the main shaft working condition, while keeping the side wheel 17 pressed against the inclined surface of the adjustment plate 13 to eliminate hinge gap and improve the following sensitivity of swing adjustment. The adjusting plate 13 forms a symmetrical double-sloping surface structure, which transforms the linear lifting motion into the rotational swing motion of the side plate 16. The transmission structure is simple, resistant to oil, dust and jamming, and suitable for harsh grinding conditions. The side rollers use rolling contact instead of sliding friction to reduce frictional resistance during the lifting and lowering of the inclined plane, and avoid jamming, wear and sticking problems caused by long-term reciprocating motion.

[0050] For thick shafts: heat diffuses radially inward, so only the cutting point needs to be ground to concentrate and cool it locally (the radial heat storage is large, so concentrated cooling is required).

[0051] Thin shaft: Due to its small diameter, heat is mainly conducted axially towards both ends, resulting in a longer temperature rise range for the entire shaft. This requires axially extending the cooling coverage area, while also blowing away the axially spreading heat and scattered wear debris.

[0052] The heat from the thick shaft is concentrated at the contact point and conducted radially inward. The three nozzles provide concentrated, fixed-point cooling, maximizing heat exchange efficiency and minimizing air waste. Meanwhile, the frictional heat from the thin shaft is distributed along the axial length, ensuring the entire slender shaft is in a state of temperature rise. The fan-shaped expansion of the spray range on both sides allows for large-scale axial convection cooling, compensating for the thin shaft's inherently low axial heat conduction efficiency. This significantly reduces the overall shaft temperature, preventing thermal elongation and bending, as well as surface heat burns. The system automatically switches between two modes based on the thickness of the drive shaft: concentrated spray from the three nozzles and fan-shaped axial spray. This perfectly matches the thermal conduction characteristics of the thick shaft's radial concentrated cooling and the thin shaft's axial elongated cooling, effectively suppressing heat accumulation, thermal elongation and bending, and surface heat burns during thin shaft grinding.

[0053] The flow control mechanism also includes an integrated main pipe 8 located on the side wall of the upper pipe 7 and in the same horizontal direction as the inlet of the four-way valve 20, with a piston 23 vertically slidably installed inside the upper pipe 7.

[0054] The top end of the slide rod 21 and the bottom end of the piston 23 are fixedly connected. The piston 23 follows the key rod 9 as it rises and slides to block the diameter of the main pipe 8.

[0055] In this embodiment: when the guide wheel 10 detects the large outer diameter drive shaft, the piston 23 is completely disengaged from the flow area of ​​the main pipe 8, the fluid inside the main pipe 8 reaches the maximum value through the orifice, the pipeline throttling loss is minimized, the overall fluid output flow rate is maximized, and the outlet jet velocity and impact pressure are minimized. The fluid is diverted through the four-way valve 20 to the central fixed nozzle 19 and the two movable nozzles 18 on both sides (the fixed nozzle 19 is made of rigid pipe, which can be used to maintain the position of the four-way valve 20, and the movable nozzles 18 are made of flexible hose, which ensures that there is flexible redundancy when spreading in the fan-shaped range) and converges at the grinding cutting point of the shaft for concentrated high-flow purging. This matches the process requirements of radial heat dissipation of the coarse shaft and only low-pressure auxiliary cooling and dust removal, and avoids the polishing vibration caused by the impact of high-pressure airflow on the workpiece.

[0056] When the detection is a small-diameter, slender drive shaft, the key rod 9 is lifted upwards, and the guide slide rod 21 moves upwards accordingly, pushing the piston 23 upwards into the internal fluid channel of the main pipe 8. A narrow flow gap is formed between the outer circle of the piston 23 and the inner wall of the main pipe 8. The fluid flowing through this narrow gap produces a significant throttling effect. Under the condition that the input pressure of the front end main pipe 8 remains unchanged, the pipeline flow resistance increases sharply, and the overall output volume flow rate decreases. However, the fluid is throttled and accelerated, and the dynamic pressure and impact blowing force ejected from the nozzle are greatly increased. The high-pressure fluid convects and dissipates heat on the entire axial area of ​​the slender shaft through the unfolded movable nozzle 18. The high-pressure airflow forcibly penetrates into the grinding and sealing contact corner, efficiently discharging embedded grinding debris and carrying away the accumulated frictional heat spreading axially, preventing the slender shaft from being burned by heat and deformed by thermal expansion.

[0057] Traditional fixed-aperture heat dissipation and chip removal methods maintain a constant maximum airflow regardless of the size of the drive shaft being machined. This not only results in the ineffective dissipation of high-pressure airflow energy when machining large-diameter shafts, but also causes a large waste of compressed air when machining small-diameter slender shafts with continuous high-flow air jets. The flow adjustment mechanism adaptively changes the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the channel according to the outer diameter of the drive shaft. When machining small-diameter shafts, it reduces the ventilation gap, thereby increasing the airflow impact pressure and reducing the instantaneous gas consumption. When machining large-diameter shafts, it fully opens the ventilation channel and purges in a high-flow-rate, low-pressure mode. The entire structure forms a physical constraint on the maximum air flow of a single device, which can balance the peak air load of multiple devices operating simultaneously in the workshop.

[0058] Working principle: When using this double-sided synchronous gear shaft high-precision polishing machine tool.

[0059] 1. Workpiece clamping and grinding preparation: Clamp the end of the double-sided synchronous gear drive shaft to be processed between the electric chucks 2 and complete the centering and locking. After starting the equipment, the electric chucks 2 drive the drive shaft to rotate at a constant speed. Manually push the sliding frame 4 to slide along the bed guide rail to the top of the shaft. II. Runout Detection: The starter cylinder 5 controls the upper tube 7 and lower tube 6 to drive the shaft diameter detection guide wheel 10 to contact the drive shaft. When the drive shaft rotates, the runout is continuously detected by the guide wheel 10. 3. Operate the machine tool feed handwheel to move the grinding wheel 3 to the workpiece outer circle to be processed and start the grinding wheel 3 to grind the surface of the shaft. IV. When grinding large outer diameter shafts, the lifting mechanism control range adjustment mechanism lowers slightly, the two side plates 16 remain vertically retracted, the left and right movable nozzles 18 are vertically close together, and the three of them converge and align with the central main fixed nozzle 19 to grind the shaft cutting point, so as to achieve concentrated fixed-point spray cooling and purging of the three nozzles. When grinding a small-diameter drive shaft, the lifting mechanism controls the range of the adjustment mechanism to descend to a large degree. When the key rod 9 is driven by the electric cylinder 5 to descend, it rises in the lower tube 6. During the rising process, the positioning plate 11 drives the T-shaped plate 12 to drive the adjustment plate 13 to move vertically upward in sync with the key rod 9. The inclined surfaces on both sides of the adjusting plate 13 face upwards. Affected by the torsion of the torsion spring, the side plate 16 flips and drives the side wheel 17 to continuously follow and adhere to the inclined surfaces on both sides of the adjusting plate 13. This forces the left and right side plates 16 to flip outwards and open with the hinge of the positioning plate 15 as the pivot point. The movable nozzle 18 then opens in a fan shape to both sides of the drive shaft axis, greatly extending the axial cooling and blowing coverage length. This matches the heat dissipation characteristics of the thin shaft heat spreading along the axial strip. At the same time, the key rod 9 and the guide wheel 10 descend to a deeper position. Therefore, the nozzles of the fixed nozzle 19 and the movable nozzle 18 are also closer to the shaft grinding friction position, which is beneficial for the chip removal of the thin shaft. Fifth, at the same time, the key rod 9 is lifted upward, and the guide slide rod 21 moves upward accordingly, pushing the piston 23 upward into the internal fluid channel of the main pipe 8. A narrow flow gap is formed between the outer circle of the piston 23 and the inner wall of the main pipe 8, and the flow resistance of the pipeline increases sharply. The dynamic pressure and impact force ejected from the nozzle are greatly increased, and the high-pressure fluid is convectively cooled to the entire axial area of ​​the slender shaft through the unfolded movable nozzle 18.

[0060] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts, comprising a polishing machine (1), which includes an electric chuck (2) that slides on top for clamping the shaft and controlling its rotation, a polishing wheel (3) disposed on one side, and a sliding frame (4) located on top of the polishing machine (1), characterized in that: Also includes: The range adjustment mechanism is located above the shaft in the electric chuck (2). The range adjustment mechanism includes a fixed nozzle (19) and a movable nozzle (18) that are driven by lifting to adapt to different shafts of different thicknesses to adjust the heat dissipation and chip removal range. The lifting mechanism is located inside the sliding frame (4) and is used to adjust the range of the lifting drive range adjustment mechanism. The flow adjustment mechanism, located inside the lifting mechanism, is used to adjust the flow rate and increase the impact force to assist in chip removal when polishing the thinnest shaft.

2. The high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation center of the electric chuck (2) and the rotation center of the polishing wheel (3) are on the same horizontal plane, and the polishing wheel (3) moves back and forth and left and right about its horizontal plane.

3. The high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding frame (4) slides horizontally about the electric chuck (2), and has concentric holes inside about the rotation center of the electric chuck (2) suitable for machining shafts with the largest diameter.

4. The high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism also includes an electric cylinder (5) installed on the top of the sliding frame (4). The lower moving part of the electric cylinder (5) is provided with an upper tube (7). The lower tube (7) is mounted with a flange at the bottom end of the upper tube (7). The lower tube (6) is provided with a key rod (9) that slides in a directional manner about its vertical direction. The bottom end of the key rod (9) is provided with a guide wheel (10) for touching the shaft.

5. A high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The key rod (9) has a positioning plate (11) installed at its top and inside the lower tube (6) and an integral slide rod (21) located at its center. The outer wall of the slide rod (21) is fitted with a spring (22) for controlling the key rod (9) to return to its original position.

6. A high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the spring (22) is fixedly connected to the positioning plate (11), and the top of the spring (22) is in contact with the bottom surface of the upper tube (7).

7. A high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The range adjustment mechanism also includes a sleeve (14) fixed to the outer wall of the lower pipe (6) and a positioning plate (15) fixed to the side wall of the sleeve (14). The fixed nozzle (19) is snapped into the middle of the positioning plate (15). The outer wall of the positioning plate (15) and the sides of the fixed nozzle (19) are rotatably mounted with side plates (16) that initially generate rotational torque and are arranged vertically by means of torsion springs. The movable nozzle (18) is snapped into the outer wall of the side plate (16). A T-shaped plate (12) is fixedly provided on the side wall of the positioning plate (11) and outside the lower tube (6), and an adjustment plate (13) is installed at the bottom of the T-shaped plate (12).

8. A high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjusting plate (13) has the same inclined planes on both sides that are inclined inward. A side wheel (17) is rotatably installed on the side plate (16) and continuously contacts the inclined planes on both sides. A four-way valve (20) is installed through the side wall of the upper pipe (7). The top port of the fixed nozzle (19) and the movable nozzle (18) are sealed and connected to the outlet end of the four-way valve (20).

9. A high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flow regulating mechanism also includes an integrated main pipe (8) located on the side wall of the upper pipe (7) and in the same horizontal direction as the inlet of the four-way valve (20), and a piston (23) is vertically slidably installed inside the upper pipe (7).

10. A high-precision polishing machine tool for double-sided synchronous gear shafts according to claim 9, characterized in that: The top end of the slide rod (21) and the bottom end of the piston (23) are fixedly connected. The piston (23) moves up with the key rod (9) and slides to block the diameter of the main pipe (8).

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