A multi-point load sharing composite leaf spring side beam structure

Abstract

This invention relates to a multi-point load-sharing composite leaf spring side beam structure in the field of high-speed train bogie side beam technology. The technical solution includes an upper plate, a lower plate, a metal plate, a spreader beam, a rubber layer, a metal frame, and rubber stacks. The upper and lower plates are arranged opposite each other, with a space in between. Two metal frames respectively fit over the ends of the upper and lower plates. The upper and lower plates are bent downwards into arc shapes, forming an overall shape with a sunken center and raised ends. The rubber layer is sandwiched in the sunken center between the upper and lower plates. The spreader beam is embedded in the rubber layer at its mid-span. The supports at both ends of the spreader beam are located on the lower plate. A metal plate is embedded in the rubber layer, located between the spreader beam and the lower plate. Rubber stacks are placed below the two metal frames. This structure is lighter, has superior structural strength, and more rational stress distribution. The spreader beam further reduces the central load, avoids local stress concentration, and makes the load distribution of the side beam more balanced, maximizing the utilization rate of material properties in each section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-speed train bogie side beam technology, specifically to a multi-point load-bearing composite material leaf spring side beam structure. Background Technology

[0002] One of the key ways to further increase the speed of high-speed trains is to reduce weight. As an important means of transportation connecting various cities, rail vehicles are generally the main carriers for load transportation and are also the main areas for weight reduction. One of the heaviest components of rail vehicles is the bogie. As the main body that bears the vertical load of the vehicle, the side beams of the bogie are currently mainly made of metal, which is quite heavy and is the main target for future weight reduction.

[0003] As the main load-bearing component of the bogie structure, the side beam has always been made of metal and bears various vertical and lateral loads of the bogie, resulting in a complex structure and large self-weight of the side beam, which puts a large load pressure on the train wheelset system.

[0004] Optimizing the side beams in the bogie structure, further breaking away from the complex and heavy design of traditional bogies, and optimizing the force transmission path through integrated material and structural design, is a new direction for the structural design of future rail trains. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issue of excessive weight in existing bogie side beam structures, this invention provides a multi-point load-sharing composite leaf spring side beam structure. This type of side beam structure is lighter, has superior structural strength, and more rational stress distribution. The spreader beam further reduces the central load, resulting in a more balanced load distribution and maximizing the utilization of material properties in each section.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: a multi-point load-sharing composite leaf spring side beam structure, including an upper plate, a lower plate, a metal plate, a spreader beam, a rubber layer, a metal frame, and a rubber stack; the upper plate and the lower plate are arranged opposite each other with a space in between; two metal frames respectively fit over the two ends of the upper plate and the lower plate; the upper plate and the lower plate are bent downwards into arcs, forming an overall shape with the middle sunken and the two ends raised; the rubber layer is sandwiched in the middle sunken area between the upper plate and the lower plate; the mid-span of the spreader beam is embedded in the rubber layer; the supports at both ends of the spreader beam are located on the lower plate; a metal plate is embedded in the rubber layer, and the metal plate is located between the spreader beam and the lower plate; the spreader beam and the metal plate are bent downwards into arcs; a rubber stack is set below the two metal frames.

[0007] Based on the above technical features: the cross-sections of the upper and lower plates are designed to be of equal length; the thickness of the upper plate is less than that of the lower plate.

[0008] Based on the above technical features: the upper plate and the lower plate are made of carbon fiber composite material.

[0009] Based on the above technical features: the beam body of the spreader beam is made of spring steel; the support of the spreader beam is made of vulcanized rubber.

[0010] Based on the above technical features: a friction plate is sandwiched between the upper and lower plates inside the metal frame.

[0011] In this invention, based on engineering practice, of the loads transmitted from the upper structure of the bogie, such as the carriage, the upper plate bears approximately 40% of the load, while the remaining approximately 60% is borne by the rubber layer in the middle of the span and continues to be transmitted downwards. The rubber layer transmits part of the load to the spreader beam, and another part of the load is transmitted to the lower plate in the middle of the span. The load borne by the spreader beam is transmitted to the lower plate through both ends. The rubber layer and rubber stack generate damping force through their own deformation, which is used for energy dissipation and vibration reduction. The lower plate is used to bear all the loads transmitted from the upper plate, rubber layer, and spreader beam. In this application, the load is transmitted to the rubber stacks at both ends through the upper plate, lower plate, rubber layer, and spreader beam. The damping of the side beam mainly comes from the damping of materials such as the rubber layer, rubber stack, and carbon fiber plate, as well as the frictional damping between the interfaces of various components.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the multi-point load-sharing leaf spring side beam structure, through the flat beam structure in the central area, makes the overall structure more balanced in terms of force, with no prominent concentrated load points, and the utilization rate of material properties at each cross-section position can be maximized, giving full play to the excellent mechanical properties of carbon fiber materials. Moreover, the composite material side beam has a significant advantage in terms of weight, fully demonstrating the material-structure integrated design concept. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a side view of a multi-point load-bearing composite leaf spring side beam structure.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the force distribution principle of a multi-point load-bearing composite leaf spring side beam structure.

[0015] Figure 3 This is for the application scenarios of multi-point split-load leaf springs.

[0016] In the diagram: 1-Upper plate; 2-Lower plate; 3-Metal plate; 4-Spreader beam; 5-Rubber layer; 6-Friction plate; 7-Rubber stack; 8-Metal frame.

[0017] A-Wheel; B-Load-sharing beam; C-Load block; D-Wheel bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention primarily provides a multi-point load-sharing composite leaf spring side beam structure, applicable to the side beam structure of high-speed train bogies, which can significantly reduce bogie weight. To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be completely and clearly described and explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the content described in the embodiments of this application is only a part of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-point load-bearing composite leaf spring side beam structure includes an upper plate 1, a lower plate 2, a metal plate 3, a spreader beam 4, a rubber layer 5, a metal frame 8, and a rubber stack 7. The upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 are arranged opposite each other, with a space in between. Two metal frames 8 respectively fit over the two ends of the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2. The upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 are bent downwards into arcs, forming an overall shape with a sunken middle and raised ends. The rubber layer 5 is sandwiched in the sunken middle section between the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2. The mid-span of the spreader beam 4 is embedded in the rubber layer 5. The supports at both ends of the spreader beam 4 are located on the lower plate 2. The metal plate 3 is embedded in the rubber layer 5, and the metal plate 3 is located between the spreader beam 4 and the lower plate 2. The rubber stack 7 is placed below the two metal frames 8. The spreader beam 4 and the metal plate 3 are bent downwards into arcs.

[0020] like Figure 2 As shown, the force-bearing principle of this invention is that the concentrated load at the mid-span of the structure is initially borne by the upper plate 1 (approximately 40%), while the remaining approximately 60% of the load is transferred by the rubber layer 5 at the mid-span to the spreader beam 4 and the lower plate 2, respectively. The load borne by the spreader beam 4 continues to be transferred to the lower plate 2 through the rubber supports at both ends. Finally, the overall leaf spring side beam structure transfers the load to the rubber stacks 7 at both ends. During vibration, energy dissipation is mainly provided by the interface friction between the structural components and the material's own damping, while vibration reduction is achieved by the rubber stacks 7 at both ends and the rubber layer 5 at the mid-span.

[0021] The following is a detailed explanation of each component: The upper plate 1 has a uniform cross-section along its length. The mid-span of the upper plate 1 bears part of the vertical load transmitted from the upper carriage and transfers most of this load to the rubber layer 5 in the mid-span. The two ends of the upper plate 1 are enclosed by metal frames 8 to restrict lateral displacement and torsion. The upper plate 1 is mainly made of carbon fiber composite material to minimize weight; other materials such as metal can also be used. The thickness of the upper plate 1 is determined primarily by material properties and load values ​​through mechanical calculations; the thickness of the upper plate 1 is less than the thickness of the lower plate 2.

[0022] The lower plate 2 is used to bear the load transmitted from the upper rubber layer 5 and the spreader beam 4, and to transmit the load to the rubber stacks 7 at both ends. The thickness of the lower plate 2 is uniform along the length direction. The bottom surfaces at both ends of the lower plate 2 are in contact with the metal frame 8, and the metal frame 8 restricts its displacement and torsion.

[0023] The rubber layer 5 is used to transfer the load from the mid-span of the upper plate 1 and to the mid-span of the lower plate 2 and the spreader beam 4. At the same time, the rubber layer 5 is used to provide energy dissipation and damping under the reciprocating load. The upper and lower surface shapes of the rubber layer 5 match the side shapes of the mid-span of the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2, and the surfaces are in close contact with each other.

[0024] A spreader beam 4, made of spring steel, is embedded in the middle of the rubber layer 5 in the middle of the side beam span. The upper and lower surfaces of the spreader beam 4 in the middle of the span are in contact with the embedded surface of the rubber layer, and the supports at both ends of the spreader beam 4 are in contact with the upper surface of the lower plate 2. The spreader beam 4 is used to bear part of the load transmitted by the rubber layer 5 and distribute the load to the lower plate 2 through both ends. The supports of the spreader beam 4 are made of vulcanized rubber material.

[0025] Friction plate 6 is clamped at the ends of upper plate 1 and lower plate 2. Friction plate 6 can transmit loads, and at the same time, through the frictional contact between upper plate 1, lower plate 2 and friction plate 6, the frictional damping and energy dissipation performance of the entire structure are further increased.

[0026] Rubber stacks 7 are used to bear the load transmitted from the entire side beam structure and provide energy dissipation and damping under cyclic loads. Rubber stacks 7 are located at both ends of the lower plate 2, and their bottoms are hinged to the carriage bearing D (see details). Figure 3 The upper surface of the rubber stack 7 is in contact with the lower surface of the metal frame 8.

[0027] The metal plate 3 is embedded in the rubber layer 5 at the mid-span of the side beam and is located below the spreader beam 4, and evenly distributes the load transmitted from the rubber layer 5 to the lower plate 2.

[0028] The spreader beam 4 and the metal plate 3 are also curved with a downward slope in the middle. The reason is that the rubber layer 5 in the middle of the span undergoes uniform compression under load, and the compression of each part is basically the same. The purpose of designing the metal plate 3 and the spreader beam 4 as curved is to accommodate the need for balanced and coordinated deformation of the rubber layer 5. If the spreader beam 4 and the metal plate 3 were designed as flat plates, under the action of stress and deformation, the flat spreader beam 4 and the metal plate 3 would exhibit inconsistent deformation with the rubber layer 5.

[0029] The metal frame 8 is used to limit the lateral displacement and torsion of the upper plate 1 and lower plate 2 at both ends of the side beam. The metal frame 8 is rectangular, matches the shape of the upper plate 1 and lower plate 2 and is in close contact with them. The bottom surface of the metal frame 8 is in contact with the upper surface of the rubber stack 7 and transfers the load of the side beam to the rubber stack 7.

[0030] Specific applications in actual engineering are shown in the following figures. Figure 3 The rubber stack 7 is hinged to the high-speed train's carriage bearing D. (For example...) Figure 3 The wheels A, load-sharing beam B, and load block C of the upper carriage shown are merely a schematic representation of existing technology. Load-sharing beam B represents the load distribution structure of the EMU bogie, and load block C represents the structure that bears the vertical load transmitted from the vehicle and other structures above the bogie.

[0031] In this invention, the side beam structure is decoupled from the bogie structure. Specifically, the upper surface of the upper plate 1 in the side beam structure only bears the vertical load transmitted from the upper carriage. To reduce weight, both the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 are made of carbon fiber composite material. The material of the metal plates can be selected according to requirements. The beam body of the spreader beam 4 is made of spring steel, and the rubber stack 7 and rubber layer 5 are made of vulcanized rubber. The side beam structure as a whole only bears the vertical load; the damping force and energy dissipation are mainly generated by material damping and friction.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-point load-bearing composite leaf spring side beam structure, characterized in that: It includes an upper plate (1), a lower plate (2), a metal plate (3), a spreader beam (4), a rubber layer (5), a metal frame (8), and a rubber stack (7); the upper plate (1) and the lower plate (2) are arranged opposite each other with a space in between; two metal frames (8) respectively fit over the two ends of the upper plate (1) and the lower plate (2); the upper plate (1) and the lower plate (2) are bent downwards into arcs, forming a shape with the middle sinking and the two ends rising; the rubber layer (5) is sandwiched between the upper plate (1) and the lower plate (2) at the middle sinking point; the middle of the spreader beam (4) is embedded in the rubber layer (5); the supports at both ends of the spreader beam (4) are located on the lower plate (2); The metal plate (3) is embedded in the rubber layer (5), and the metal plate (8) is located between the spreader beam (4) and the lower plate (2); the spreader beam (4) and the metal plate (3) are bent downwards into an arc shape; the rubber pile (7) is set below the two metal frames (8).

2. The multi-point load-bearing composite leaf spring side beam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sections of the upper plate (1) and the lower plate (2) are designed to be of equal length; the thickness of the upper plate (1) is less than the thickness of the lower plate (2).

3. The multi-point load-bearing composite leaf spring side beam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper plate (1) and the lower plate (2) are made of carbon fiber composite material.

4. The multi-point load-bearing composite leaf spring side beam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beam body of the spreader beam (4) is made of spring steel; the support of the spreader beam (4) is made of vulcanized rubber.

5. The multi-point load-bearing composite leaf spring side beam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A friction plate (6) is sandwiched between the upper plate (1) and the lower plate (2) inside the metal frame (8).

Images