Water level dynamic regulation and control method suitable for non-point source pollution water body

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for enhanced treatment of non-point source pollution water bodies through dynamic water level control, comprising: ① laying a soil layer at the bottom of a water storage structure and planting aquatic plants; ② installing pumping equipment; ③ installing a pulsator driven by a variable frequency motor; ④ installing aeration equipment; ⑤ installing a scale and water level sensor; ⑥ installing an integrated water quality meter and its detection terminal; ⑦ connecting the signal output terminals of each sensor to the signal input terminals of a PLC controller, and connecting the control output terminals of the PLC controller to the control input terminals of each power device; ⑧ connecting the power supply to ensure all electrical devices are in operation. The PLC controller receives the detection data from each sensor and automatically adjusts the operating status of each power device according to preset parameters, causing dynamic changes in the water level and applying shear force to promote water mixing, reduce water transmission resistance, and enhance the water purification and adsorption capacity through aquatic plants and microorganisms. This invention features low energy consumption, no secondary pollution, and easy maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment pollution control technology, and in particular to an enhanced treatment method for non-point source pollution water bodies through dynamic water level regulation. Background Technology

[0002] Non-point source pollution in rural areas is a major problem facing the rural water environment. It originates from the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production, the discharge of wastewater from livestock and poultry breeding, the direct discharge of rural domestic sewage, and the scouring of surface runoff. It is characterized by dispersed pollutant sources, large concentration fluctuations, high nitrogen and phosphorus ratios, and high suspended solids content.

[0003] Traditional water purification technologies mainly include physical methods (sedimentation and filtration), chemical methods (flocculation and oxidation), and biological methods (microbial degradation and plant purification). However, they have many limitations: physical methods can only remove suspended solids and are ineffective against dissolved pollutants; chemical methods are prone to secondary pollution and have high operating costs; biological methods are greatly affected by environmental conditions and have unstable purification efficiency, especially in static water bodies, where pollutant mass transfer efficiency is low and microorganisms do not have sufficient contact with pollutants, thus limiting the degradation effect.

[0004] Studies have found that water level changes are a key factor influencing the aquatic ecosystem and the migration and transformation of pollutants. These changes and fluctuations, in conjunction with alterations in hydraulic conditions, dissolved oxygen distribution, and biological habitats, can enhance pollutant removal. For example, high water levels increase the contact area between the water and the purification medium, while low water levels increase water flow velocity and pollutant concentration gradients. The hydraulic shear force generated by water level fluctuations can promote water mixing and reduce mass transfer resistance. However, existing water purification technologies fail to fully utilize the enhancing effect of dynamic water level changes, exhibiting the following shortcomings: First, water level control precision is low, often relying on manual adjustment or simple mechanical control, failing to accurately match pollutant removal needs; second, fluctuation parameters are singular, making it difficult to simulate the complex fluctuation characteristics of natural water bodies, resulting in limited enhancement effects; third, the synergy of purification components is poor, lacking designs adapted to dynamic water level changes, leading to a single pollutant removal path; and fourth, the level of intelligence is low, lacking real-time monitoring and automatic parameter optimization functions, resulting in poor operational stability.

[0005] Therefore, developing a water pollutant removal method that integrates precise water level control, fluctuation enhancement, multi-media synergistic purification, and intelligent monitoring has become an urgent need in the field of non-point source pollution water treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for enhanced treatment of non-point source pollution water bodies through dynamic water level regulation, specifically employing the following technical solution: The enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation of non-point source polluted water bodies according to the present invention includes the following steps: The first step is to lay a soil layer at the bottom of the water storage structure used to store the contaminated still water and plant aquatic plants in the soil layer. The second step is to install a water storage tank on the outside of the water storage structure, then install a drainage pipe connecting the water storage tank and the water storage structure, and install a variable frequency water pump and a solenoid valve on the drainage pipe. The third step is to install a variable frequency motor-driven impeller inside the water storage structure; The fourth step is to install microporous aeration heads connected to the aeration pump inside the water storage structure; The fifth step is to install a scale and water level sensor inside the water storage structure; Step 6: Install an integrated water quality meter outside the water storage structure and install the detection terminal of the integrated water quality meter inside the water storage structure; Step 7: Connect the signal input terminal of the water level sensor and the signal output terminal of the integrated water quality analyzer to the signal input terminal of the PLC controller, and connect the control output terminal of the PLC controller to the control input terminal of the variable frequency water pump, the control input terminal of the solenoid valve, the control input terminal of the variable frequency motor, and the control input terminal of the aeration pump, respectively. Step 8: Connect the power supply to ensure that the variable frequency water pump, solenoid valve, variable frequency motor, aeration pump, water level sensor, integrated water quality analyzer, and PLC controller are all in working condition. The PLC controller receives the detection data from the water level sensor and integrated water quality analyzer, and automatically adjusts the operating frequency of the variable frequency water pump, the opening degree of the solenoid valve, the operating frequency of the variable frequency motor, and the operating frequency of the aeration pump according to preset parameters. This causes the static water in the water storage structure to form a regularly changing dynamic water level due to repeated pumping and drainage. In addition, the shear force generated by the rotation of the impeller promotes water mixing, reduces water transmission resistance, and increases the oxygen content in the water through aeration, thereby improving the water purification and adsorption capacity of aquatic plants and microorganisms.

[0007] Preferably, the water storage structure is a pond or a water cellar.

[0008] Preferably, a scale is installed inside the water storage structure, the scale is vertically positioned at the edge of the polluted still water body, and the maximum range of the scale is flush with the top surface of the water storage structure.

[0009] Preferably, the thickness of the soil layer is 10 cm, and the aquatic plant is Myriophyllum spicatum.

[0010] Preferably, the volume of the water storage tank is 1 / 10 to 1 / 3 of the volume of the water storage structure.

[0011] Preferably, the variable frequency motor is a waterproof motor, and the impeller and the variable frequency motor are an integral structure, which is set in the upper middle part of the polluted still water body through a bottom support frame or a top hanging bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the aeration pump is located outside the water storage structure, and multiple microporous aeration heads are provided in the upper middle part of the polluted still water body, and all microporous aeration heads are connected to the aeration pump through aeration pipes.

[0013] Preferably, the water level sensor is located in the center of the polluted still water body, and the integrated water quality instrument includes a detection module for dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, as well as an online COD analysis unit.

[0014] Preferably, the PLC controller and the integrated water quality meter are housed in the same electrical control cabinet, and the front panel of the electrical control cabinet is equipped with a control display screen that is communicatively connected to the PLC controller.

[0015] The water level dynamic regulation and enhanced treatment method for non-point source pollution water bodies provided by this invention has the characteristics of low energy consumption, no secondary pollution, easy maintenance, and wide applicability. It integrates relevant equipment with functions such as precise water level regulation, fluctuation-enhanced mass transfer, physical adsorption purification, and intelligent monitoring feedback into the polluted water body. By synergistically combining the alternation of high and low water levels with periodic fluctuations, it enhances the multi-path purification effect of physical interception, microbial degradation, plant absorption, and adsorption fixation, achieving efficient and stable removal of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, organic matter, and suspended solids. It provides a highly practical solution for the treatment of non-point source pollution water bodies in rural areas. Compared with existing technologies, its advantages are mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1) High pollutant removal efficiency: Through the synergistic effect of dynamic water level control and fluctuation enhancement, multi-pathway removal of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, organic matter, and suspended solids is achieved; 2) Eco-friendly and free of secondary pollution: It adopts a purification method of plant adsorption, which eliminates the need to add chemical agents and avoids secondary pollution; the planting of aquatic plants and the growth of microorganisms improve the aquatic ecological environment, achieving the dual goals of water purification and ecological restoration. 3) Wide range of applications and easy maintenance: The modular design of the device structure can be flexibly adjusted according to the treatment scale. In addition to rural non-point source water pollution, it is also suitable for various scenarios such as urban landscape water bodies; the maintenance process is simple, requiring only regular cleaning of sediments and pruning of plants, resulting in low operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water treatment device described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific working processes are given. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0018] A rectangular water cellar, 1.5m long, 0.5m wide, and 1m deep, was artificially excavated in a village. Due to non-point source pollution, the still water within it contained ammonia nitrogen of 2.56 mg / L, total phosphorus of 0.37 mg / L, and COD of 256 mg / L. To improve the water quality, the enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation suitable for non-point source polluted water bodies, as described in this invention, was adopted, specifically including the following steps: First step, such as Figure 1 As shown, the soil layer 2 at the bottom of the water cellar 1 is compacted and laid with a thickness of 10cm. It is planted with foxtail grass 3. The roots of foxtail grass 3 are firmly fixed and the stems and leaves are naturally spread out.

[0019] The second step is to install a 200L water storage tank 4 outside the water cellar 1. The water storage tank 4 is connected to the water cellar 1 through a DN500 rigid drainage pipe 41, and a 10~30L / min variable frequency water pump 42 and a solenoid valve 43 are installed on the drainage pipe 41.

[0020] The third step involves installing a pulsator 52 driven by a variable frequency motor 51 inside the water cellar 1. The variable frequency motor 51 is a waterproof motor, and the pulsator 52 is integrated with it, mounted on the upper middle part of the polluted still water body via a top mounting bracket 53 (or a bottom support frame). The top mounting bracket 53 is connected to a horizontal bar 55 erected along the edge of the water cellar 1 via a suspension line 54. Typically, the number of horizontal bars 55, suspension lines 54, and pulsator devices is determined based on the size of the water storage structure and the volume of the polluted still water body. In this embodiment, the speed adjustment range of the variable frequency motor 51 is 5~30 rpm. After the pulsator 52 rotates, it generates a corresponding pulsation frequency of 0.1~0.5 Hz, achieving a water level fluctuation amplitude of 3~15 cm within the water cellar 1.

[0021] The fourth step involves installing microporous aeration heads 62 connected to an aeration pump 61 inside the water cellar 1. The aeration pump 61 is installed on the outside of the water cellar 1, and multiple aeration pipes 63 are installed at the air outlet of the aeration pump 61. Each aeration pipe 63 has a microporous aeration head 62 installed at its end, and the microporous aeration heads 62 are evenly distributed in the upper and middle parts of the polluted still water body. In this embodiment, there are four microporous aeration heads 62, the aeration pump 61 is 0.3 kW, and the aeration intensity is 0.5 m³ / (m²·h).

[0022] Fifth, install a scale 7 inside the water cellar 1. The scale 7 is vertically positioned at the edge of the polluted still water body (i.e., the outer perimeter of the water cellar 1), and the maximum range of the scale 7 is flush with the top surface of the water cellar 1. Then, install a water level sensor 8 with a measurement accuracy of ±0.2cm inside the water cellar 1. This water level sensor 8 is an ultrasonic sensor and is fixed in the center of the polluted still water body.

[0023] Step 6: Install the integrated water quality analyzer detection terminal 9 inside water cellar 1. The integrated water quality analyzer includes modules for detecting dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, as well as an online COD analysis unit, with its sampling frequency set to 1-5 minutes / time.

[0024] Step 7: Connect the signal input terminal of the water level sensor 8 and the signal output terminal of the integrated water quality analyzer to the signal input terminal of the PLC controller, respectively. Connect the control output terminal of the PLC controller to the control input terminals of the variable frequency water pump 42, the solenoid valve 43, the variable frequency motor 51, and the aeration pump 61, respectively. The PLC controller and the integrated water quality analyzer are housed in the same electrical control cabinet. The front panel of the electrical control cabinet is equipped with a control display screen 10 that communicates with the PLC controller. Preset parameters can be input and relevant data or graphics can be displayed through the control display screen 10.

[0025] Step 8: Connect the power supply to ensure that the variable frequency water pump 42, solenoid valve 43, variable frequency motor 51, aeration pump 61, water level sensor 8, integrated water quality analyzer, and PLC controller are all in working condition. After receiving the detection data from the water level sensor 8 and integrated water quality analyzer, the PLC controller automatically adjusts the operating frequency of the variable frequency water pump 42, the opening degree of the solenoid valve 43, the operating frequency of the variable frequency motor 51, and the operating frequency of the aeration pump 61 according to preset parameters. This causes the static water in the water cellar 1 to form a dynamically changing water level due to repeated pumping through the drainage pipe 41. The shear force generated by the rotation of the impeller 52 further promotes water mixing and reduces water transmission resistance. Simultaneously, aeration increases the oxygen content in the water, enhancing the water purification and adsorption capacity through *Myriophyllum spicatum* 3 and aquatic microorganisms. The control display screen 10 can display the water level, fluctuation curve, and water quality data in real time, and supports manual parameter setting and operating mode switching to ensure stable and controllable water level changes in the main water cellar 1.

[0026] After purification using the combined approach of "dynamic water level control + synergistic aeration + submerged plant absorption," the ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and COD levels in the still water of water cellar 1 were 0.13 mg / L, 0.02 mg / L, and 47 mg / L, respectively. The removal rates were 94.9% for ammonia nitrogen, 94.6% for total phosphorus, and 84.4% for COD. This achieved a removal rate of over 90% for core pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus, and over 80% for COD and suspended solids, far exceeding the purification effect of traditional single-treatment equipment.

[0027] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, terms such as "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

Claims

1. A method for enhanced treatment of non-point source pollution water bodies through dynamic water level regulation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The first step is to lay a soil layer at the bottom of the water storage structure used to store the contaminated still water and plant aquatic plants in the soil layer. The second step is to install a water storage tank on the outside of the water storage structure, then install a drainage pipe connecting the water storage tank and the water storage structure, and install a variable frequency water pump and a solenoid valve on the drainage pipe. The third step is to install a variable frequency motor-driven impeller inside the water storage structure; The fourth step is to install microporous aeration heads connected to the aeration pump inside the water storage structure; The fifth step is to install a scale and water level sensor inside the water storage structure; Step 6: Install an integrated water quality meter outside the water storage structure and install the detection terminal of the integrated water quality meter inside the water storage structure; Step 7: Connect the signal input terminal of the water level sensor and the signal output terminal of the integrated water quality analyzer to the signal input terminal of the PLC controller, and connect the control output terminal of the PLC controller to the control input terminal of the variable frequency water pump, the control input terminal of the solenoid valve, the control input terminal of the variable frequency motor, and the control input terminal of the aeration pump, respectively. Step 8: Connect the power supply to ensure that the variable frequency water pump, solenoid valve, variable frequency motor, aeration pump, water level sensor, integrated water quality analyzer, and PLC controller are all in working condition. The PLC controller receives the detection data from the water level sensor and integrated water quality analyzer, and automatically adjusts the operating frequency of the variable frequency water pump, the opening degree of the solenoid valve, the operating frequency of the variable frequency motor, and the operating frequency of the aeration pump according to preset parameters. This causes the static water in the water storage structure to form a regularly changing dynamic water level due to repeated pumping and drainage. In addition, the shear force generated by the rotation of the impeller promotes water mixing, reduces water transmission resistance, and increases the oxygen content in the water through aeration, thereby improving the water purification and adsorption capacity of aquatic plants and microorganisms.

2. The enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation of non-point source polluted water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage structure is a pond or a water cellar.

3. The enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation of non-point source polluted water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scale is vertically positioned at the edge of the polluted still water body, and the maximum range of the scale is flush with the top surface of the water storage structure.

4. The enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation of non-point source polluted water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil layer is 10cm thick, and the aquatic plant is Myriophyllum spicatum.

5. The enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation of non-point source polluted water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the water storage tank is 1 / 10 to 1 / 3 of the volume of the water storage structure.

6. The enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation of non-point source polluted water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable frequency motor is a waterproof motor, and the impeller and the variable frequency motor are an integrated structure, which is set in the upper middle part of the polluted still water body through a bottom support frame or a top hanging bracket.

7. The enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation of non-point source polluted water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aeration pump is located outside the water storage structure, and multiple microporous aeration heads are installed in the upper middle part of the polluted still water body, and all microporous aeration heads are connected to the aeration pump through aeration pipes.

8. The enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation of non-point source polluted water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level sensor is located in the center of the polluted still water body. The integrated water quality instrument includes modules for detecting dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, as well as an online COD analysis unit.

9. The enhanced treatment method for dynamic water level regulation of non-point source polluted water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PLC controller and the integrated water quality meter are housed in the same electrical control cabinet, and the front panel of the electrical control cabinet is equipped with a control display screen that is communicatively connected to the PLC controller.

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