A kind of compound bio-organic fertilizer of grass fruit straw good oxygen compost fermentation preparation device

Abstract

This invention discloses an aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for a compound bio-organic fertilizer made from grass, fruit, and straw, relating to the fields of organic solid waste resource utilization and aerobic composting fermentation equipment. The device includes: a shell and a perforated material-bearing base plate disposed within the shell for supporting the material to be fermented; a rotary combing assembly, comprising a hollow drive column with an air supply channel, a hysteresis sleeve sleeved outside the hollow drive column and capable of rotating relative to the hollow drive column, a rotating cylinder circumferentially limited and axially slidably connected to the hysteresis sleeve, and multiple comb teeth disposed on the rotating cylinder; an elastic hysteresis transmission assembly, disposed between the hollow drive column and the hysteresis sleeve, for elastically transmitting torque to the hysteresis sleeve and allowing the hysteresis sleeve to generate a hysteresis rotation angle relative to the hollow drive column; and a variable gas distribution assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic solid waste resource utilization and aerobic composting fermentation equipment technology, specifically to an aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for grass, fruit and straw compound bio-organic fertilizer. Background Technology

[0002] The planting and processing of cardamom produces a large amount of cardamom stems. These stems contain organic components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and have certain resource utilization value. By mixing cardamom stems with livestock and poultry manure, biological agents, and other auxiliary materials for aerobic composting and fermentation, agricultural waste can be transformed into compound bio-organic fertilizer, reducing resource waste and environmental pollution caused by direct dumping or burning of cardamom stems.

[0003] In aerobic composting, aeration equipment is typically used to deliver air into the material, and stirring shafts, turning paddles, or comb-like structures are used to agitate the material, ensuring that microorganisms have the oxygen needed for growth and reproduction. Existing fermentation devices usually operate with pre-set aeration rates and locations, making it difficult to adapt to varying degrees of compaction and aeration resistance in different areas of the fermenting material. When cardamom stems settle, compact, or form clumps during fermentation, air tends to concentrate in areas of lower resistance, leading to insufficient oxygen supply in denser areas. This, in turn, affects fermentation temperature, microbial activity, and the uniformity of material decomposition.

[0004] Furthermore, cardamom stalks are characterized by long fibers and high toughness. During mechanical turning and combing, these long fibers easily become entangled around the comb teeth or the outside of the mixing components. As the material becomes more compacted or the entanglement gradually accumulates, the operating resistance of the turning components increases significantly, easily causing increased load on the drive mechanism, impact on transmission components, bending of the comb teeth, or even equipment shutdown. Existing equipment usually requires manual cleaning of the entanglement after shutdown, or forcibly turning the material by increasing the drive power, which not only increases energy consumption and maintenance workload but may also shorten the service life of transmission components.

[0005] Therefore, we propose an aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for grass, fruit and straw compound bio-organic fertilizer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for compound bio-organic fertilizer made from grass, fruit, and straw, to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. To achieve the above objective, this invention provides the following technical solution: an aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for compound bio-organic fertilizer made from grass, fruit, and straw, comprising: The shell and the perforated bottom plate inside the shell for supporting the material to be fermented; A rotary combing assembly, comprising a hollow drive column with an air supply channel, a hysteresis sleeve sleeved outside the hollow drive column and capable of rotating relative to the hollow drive column, a rotating cylinder circumferentially limited and axially slidably connected to the hysteresis sleeve, and a plurality of comb teeth disposed on the rotating cylinder. An elastic hysteresis transmission assembly is disposed between a hollow drive column and a hysteresis sleeve, for elastically transmitting torque to the hysteresis sleeve and allowing the hysteresis sleeve to generate a hysteresis rotation angle relative to the hollow drive column. A variable air distribution assembly is disposed between the hollow drive column and the hysteresis sleeve and is connected to the air supply channel. The effective air passage area of ​​the variable air distribution assembly increases as the hysteresis angle increases. A zone aeration component is disposed below a perforated material support base plate and connected to a variable air distribution component. A combing depth adjustment component is provided, which is disposed between the hollow drive column and the hysteresis sleeve, and its output end is connected to the rotating cylinder, for converting the relative rotation between the hollow drive column and the hysteresis sleeve into the axial movement of the rotating cylinder. An elastic reset component is connected to the output end of the combing depth adjustment component and is used to drive the rotating cylinder to reset in the direction that causes the comb teeth to extend. The combing depth adjustment component is configured to drive the rotating cylinder to move upward after the hysteresis angle reaches a preset angle.

[0007] Preferably, the perforated material support plate divides the internal space of the shell into a material fermentation space above the perforated material support plate and a gas distribution space below the perforated material support plate. The top of the shell is provided with a feed inlet and a vent, the side wall of the shell is provided with a discharge outlet near the upper surface of the perforated material support plate, and the bottom of the shell is provided with a drain outlet. A drive mechanism is provided at the top of the housing, and the drive mechanism is connected to the hollow drive column. A gas injection port is provided at the top of the hollow drive column.

[0008] Preferably, the elastic hysteresis transmission assembly includes a connecting plate, a first abutting plate, a partition plate, an arc-shaped guide rod, a second abutting plate, and an arc-shaped spring; The connecting plate and the first abutting plate are both fixedly connected to the hollow drive column, and the partition is fixedly connected inside the hysteresis sleeve; at least two arc-shaped guide rods are provided, each arc-shaped guide rod extending along an arc centered on the axis of the hollow drive column, and spaced apart along the vertical direction of the hollow drive column; One end of the arc-shaped guide rod is fixedly connected to the partition plate, and the other end is slidably connected to the connecting plate and fixedly connected to the second abutment plate; The hysteresis sleeve is provided with a spring groove, and the arc spring is disposed in the spring groove. One end of the arc spring abuts against the first abutting plate, and the other end abuts against the second abutting plate.

[0009] Preferably, the variable valve timing assembly includes a first baffle plate and a second baffle plate; The first air-blocking plate is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the hollow drive column, and the first air-blocking plate is provided with a first arc-shaped air-permeable groove; The second air-blocking plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hysteresis sleeve and is arranged adjacent to the first air-blocking plate. The second air-blocking plate is provided with a second arc-shaped air-permeable groove. The first arc-shaped venting groove and the second arc-shaped venting groove partially overlap in the initial state to form a variable vent, and the overlapping area of ​​the two increases as the hysteresis angle of the hysteresis sleeve relative to the hollow drive column increases.

[0010] Preferably, the regional aeration assembly includes at least one fan-shaped air distribution plate, which is fixedly connected to the hysteresis sleeve and located below the perforated material support base plate; The fan-shaped air distribution plate is a hollow plate, and the inside of the fan-shaped air distribution plate forms a fan-shaped air distribution cavity. The air inlet end of the fan-shaped air distribution cavity is connected to the second arc-shaped air vent. The upper surface of the fan-shaped air distribution plate has multiple aeration holes facing the perforated material support plate. Along the rotation direction of the rotating comb assembly, the gas release area of ​​the fan-shaped gas distribution plate is located behind the comb teeth.

[0011] Preferably, the combing depth adjustment assembly includes an undulating guide, a follower slide, and an abutment roller; The undulating guide is fixedly connected to the hysteresis sleeve, the follower slide is circumferentially limited and axially slidably connected to the hollow drive column, and the abutting roller is rotatably connected to the follower slide and abuts against the undulating guide. The undulating guide and the follower slide are each provided with at least two sets, and the at least two sets of undulating guide and follower slide are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis center of the hollow drive column. The undulating guide is provided with a low-position holding section, an inclined lifting section and a high-position holding section in sequence along the direction of increasing hysteresis angle.

[0012] Preferably, the combing depth adjustment assembly further includes a first rack, a gear, and a second rack, each corresponding to a follower slide, as well as a connecting ring; The first rack is arranged along the axial direction of the hollow drive column and is fixedly connected to the hollow drive column. The gear is rotatably connected to the follower slide, and one side of the gear meshes with the first rack. The second rack slides axially and is circumferentially limited to the hollow drive column, and the second rack meshes with the other side of the gear; The bottom of each of the second racks is connected to a connecting ring, which is rotatably connected to the rotating cylinder and axially limited. The rotating cylinder and the hysteresis sleeve are connected by an axial guide key; when the abutting roller rises along the undulating guide, the follower slide drives the gear to move and rotate along the first rack, and the gear drives the second rack and the connecting ring to rise.

[0013] Preferably, the elastic reset assembly includes a fixed support ring, at least two reset guide rods, and axial reset springs corresponding to each reset guide rod. The fixed support ring is fixedly connected to the second rack, the reset guide rod is arranged along the axial direction of the hollow drive column and fixedly connected to the hollow drive column, and the fixed support ring is slidably connected to the reset guide rod; The axial return spring is sleeved outside the return guide rod. One end of the axial return spring abuts against the fixed support ring, and the other end abuts against the fixed limiting part provided on the return guide rod. When the second rack drives the fixed support ring to move upward along the return guide rod, the fixed support ring compresses the axial return spring. Each comb tooth is slidably fitted with a comb tooth sleeve, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hysteresis sleeve. When the rotating cylinder moves upward, the comb tooth retracts into the corresponding comb tooth sleeve. At the same time, each second rack drives the fixed support ring to move upward and compress the reset spring.

[0014] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This embodiment can directly utilize the material resistance encountered by the comb teeth to form mechanical feedback. When the material combing resistance increases, it sequentially completes the actions of increasing the aeration rate and decreasing the insertion depth of the comb teeth, without the need for separate detection of material resistance and the setting of complex electronic control actuators. On the one hand, it can improve the oxygen supply conditions in the compacted area of ​​cardamom stems; on the other hand, it can reduce the possibility of comb teeth overload, bending, or jamming, allowing the aeration and mechanical combing effects to be coordinated and adjusted according to the material state. 2. The perforated bottom plate can both support the fermentation material and serve as an interface for air and leachate, allowing air to enter the fermentation material from bottom to top and leachate to exit from top to bottom. The separation of the material fermentation space and the gas distribution space helps to improve the uniformity of air intake and reduces the possibility of leachate accumulating at the bottom of the material and forming an anaerobic zone. 3. The arc-shaped spring can transmit torque to the hysteresis sleeve and also allow the hysteresis sleeve to generate a corresponding hysteresis angle according to the degree of resistance of the comb teeth, so that the material resistance can be converted into a mechanical displacement signal that can be used by subsequent structures. At the same time, the arc-shaped spring can buffer the impact load generated by the sudden collision between the comb teeth and the caking material, reducing the possibility of damage to the drive mechanism, hollow drive column and comb teeth due to rigid impact. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention from another perspective; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic reset component structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combing depth adjustment component structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic hysteresis transmission component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the regional aeration component structure of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 10. Shell; 11. Inlet; 12. Exhaust port; 13. Outlet; 14. Drainage port; 21. Perforated material support plate; 22. Material fermentation space; 30. Rotary combing assembly; 31. Hollow drive column; 311. Gas injection port; 32. Hysteresis sleeve; 321. Spring groove; 33. Rotating cylinder; 34. Comb teeth; 35. Drive mechanism; 36. Comb tooth sleeve; 40. Elastic hysteresis transmission assembly; 41. Connecting plate; 42. First abutment plate; 43. Partition plate; 44. Arc-shaped guide rod; 45. Second abutment plate; 46. Arc-shaped spring. 50. Variable air distribution assembly; 51. First air baffle; 52. Second air baffle; 53. First arc-shaped air vent; 54. Second arc-shaped air vent; 60. Zone aeration assembly; 61. Fan-shaped air distribution plate; 62. Fan-shaped air distribution chamber; 63. Aeration hole; 70. Combing depth adjustment assembly; 71. Undulating guide; 72. Follow-up slide; 73. Abutting roller; 74. First rack; 75. Gear; 76. Second rack; 77. Connecting ring; 80. Elastic reset assembly; 81. Fixed support ring; 82. Reset guide rod; 83. Axial reset spring. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Overall work process: When using, the crushed grass stalks can be mixed with livestock and poultry manure, humus, conditioning additives and biological agents in a set ratio, and the moisture content of the materials can be adjusted to a range suitable for aerobic composting fermentation. Then, the materials are put into the fermentation space 22 through the feed inlet 11.

[0019] The drive mechanism 35 drives the hollow drive column 31 to rotate, and the hollow drive column 31 drives the hysteresis sleeve 32, the rotating cylinder 33 and the comb teeth 34 to rotate through the elastic hysteresis transmission component 40. At the same time, the external air supply device sends air into the hollow drive column 31, and the air enters the fan-shaped air distribution chamber 62 through the variable air distribution component 50, and then enters the fermentation material through the aeration holes 63 and the perforated material support plate 21.

[0020] Under normal conditions, the comb teeth 34 continuously comb the material, and the fan-shaped air distribution plate 61 provides follow-up aeration to the combed area. When the material is locally compacted or the grass stalks are wrapped around the comb teeth 34, the device operates in the following sequence: The rotational resistance experienced by the comb teeth 34 increases; The hysteresis sleeve 32 generates a hysteresis rotation angle relative to the hollow drive column 31; The overlapping area of ​​the first arc-shaped air vent 53 and the second arc-shaped air vent 54 increases, resulting in an increase in local aeration. After the lag angle reaches the preset angle, the abutment roller 73 rises along the undulating guide member 71; The gear and rack mechanism amplifies the lifting stroke and drives the rotating cylinder 33 and comb teeth 34 to move upward through the connecting ring 77; The depth to which the comb teeth 34 insert into the material is reduced, and the comb tooth sleeve 36 scrapes off the entangled material on the comb teeth 34; After the load on the comb teeth 34 is reduced, the arc spring 46 drives the hysteresis sleeve 32 to return to its initial relative position; The axial reset spring 83 pushes the comb teeth 34 to extend again, and the device returns to normal combing and aeration.

[0021] This forms a cyclical working process of "normal combing - air injection when obstructed - tooth retraction when overloaded - scraping off entanglement - automatic reset".

[0022] Please see Figure 1-6 This invention provides a technical solution: an aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for grass, fruit, and straw compound bio-organic fertilizer, comprising: The shell 10 and the perforated material support plate 21 disposed inside the shell 10 for supporting the material to be fermented; The rotary combing assembly 30 includes a hollow drive column 31 with an air supply channel, a hysteresis sleeve 32 sleeved outside the hollow drive column 31 and capable of rotating relative to the hollow drive column 31, a rotating cylinder 33 circumferentially limited and axially slidably connected to the hysteresis sleeve 32, and a plurality of comb teeth 34 disposed on the rotating cylinder 33. Elastic hysteresis transmission assembly 40 is disposed between hollow drive column 31 and hysteresis sleeve 32, and is used to elastically transmit torque to hysteresis sleeve 32 and allow hysteresis sleeve 32 to generate hysteresis rotation angle relative to hollow drive column 31. A variable air distribution assembly 50 is disposed between the hollow drive column 31 and the hysteresis sleeve 32 and is connected to the air supply channel. The effective air passage area of ​​the variable air distribution assembly 50 increases with the increase of the hysteresis angle. A zone aeration component 60 is disposed below the perforated material support base plate 21 and is connected to the variable air distribution component 50. The combing depth adjustment component 70 is disposed between the hollow drive column 31 and the hysteresis sleeve 32, and its output end is connected to the rotating cylinder 33. It is used to convert the relative rotation between the hollow drive column 31 and the hysteresis sleeve 32 into the axial movement of the rotating cylinder 33. Elastic reset component 80, which is connected to the output end of combing depth adjustment component 70, is used to drive rotating cylinder 33 to reset in the direction that causes comb teeth 34 to extend; The combing depth adjustment component 70 is configured to drive the rotating cylinder 33 to move upward after the hysteresis angle reaches a preset angle. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the shell 10 is preferably a vertically arranged cylindrical shape, and the perforated material-bearing base plate 21 is horizontally fixed inside the shell 10 to support the fermented grass stalk material that has been crushed, humidified, and mixed with biological agents. The through holes on the perforated material-bearing base plate 21 have a smaller diameter than the particle size of the main fermented material, allowing air to pass through while reducing the downward fall of the fermented material.

[0023] The hollow drive column 31 is vertically arranged along the central axis of the shell 10, and is driven to rotate by the drive mechanism 35. The hysteresis sleeve 32 is sleeved on the outside of the hollow drive column 31, and the hollow drive column 31 transmits torque to the hysteresis sleeve 32 through the elastic hysteresis transmission assembly 40, thereby causing the hysteresis sleeve 32, the rotating cylinder 33, and the comb teeth 34 to rotate together. The comb teeth 34 extend into the fermentation material above the perforated material receiving base plate 21, and comb, loosen, and disperse the materials such as cardamom stems during rotation.

[0024] Under normal combing conditions, the hysteresis sleeve 32 and the hollow drive column 31 maintain only a small relative angle, the variable air distribution assembly 50 maintains the basic ventilation area, the combing depth adjustment assembly 70 is in a low position, and the comb teeth 34 maintain a large extension length. When the cardamom stems become entangled, compacted, or locally piled up, increasing the rotational resistance on the comb teeth 34, the rotational speed of the hysteresis sleeve 32 momentarily lags behind the hollow drive column 31, and the hysteresis angle between them increases accordingly.

[0025] As the hysteresis angle increases, the effective ventilation area of ​​the variable aeration component 50 first increases, increasing the aeration rate in the corresponding area. When the hysteresis angle continues to increase and reaches the preset angle, the combing depth adjustment component 70 begins to drive the rotating cylinder 33 upward, causing the comb teeth 34 to gradually retract upward, reducing the depth of the comb teeth 34 inserted into the fermentation material. After the load on the comb teeth 34 decreases, the elastic hysteresis transmission component 40 releases the stored elastic potential energy, driving the hysteresis sleeve 32 to return to the initial angle relative to the hollow drive column 31. At the same time, the elastic reset component 80 drives the rotating cylinder 33 to reset downward, causing the comb teeth 34 to extend again. It is worth noting that this embodiment can directly utilize the material resistance experienced by the comb teeth 34 to form mechanical feedback. When the material combing resistance increases, it sequentially completes the actions of increasing the aeration rate and decreasing the insertion depth of the comb teeth, without the need for separate detection of material resistance and the setting of complex electronic control actuators. On the one hand, it can improve the oxygen supply conditions in the compacted area of ​​cardamom stems; on the other hand, it can reduce the possibility of overload, bending, or jamming of the comb teeth 34, allowing the aeration and mechanical combing actions to be coordinated and adjusted according to the material state.

[0026] The perforated material support plate 21 divides the internal space of the shell 10 into a material fermentation space 22 located above the perforated material support plate 21 and a gas distribution space located below the perforated material support plate 21. The top of the housing 10 is provided with a feed inlet 11 and an exhaust outlet 12, the side wall of the housing 10 is provided with an outlet 13 near the upper surface of the perforated material support plate 21, and the bottom of the housing 10 is provided with a drain outlet 14. The top of the housing 10 is provided with a drive mechanism 35, which is connected to the hollow drive column 31. The top of the hollow drive column 31 is provided with a gas injection port 311. It should be noted that the perforated material-bearing base plate 21 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell 10, thereby dividing the shell 10 into an upper material fermentation space 22 and a lower gas distribution space. The cardamom stems, auxiliary materials and biological agents are fed into the material fermentation space 22 through the feed inlet 11. The water vapor and waste gas generated during the fermentation process are discharged through the exhaust port 12, and the fermented material is discharged through the discharge port 13.

[0027] The leachate produced during fermentation can enter the gas distribution space through the through holes on the perforated bottom plate 21, and be discharged from the drain port 14 at the bottom of the shell 10. A conventional drain valve can be installed on the drain port 14 to control the discharge of leachate.

[0028] The hollow drive column 31 passes through the top of the shell 10 and the center of the perforated material support plate 21, and is rotatably connected to the shell 10 and the perforated material support plate 21 respectively via bearings. An annular seal or a shielding ring can be provided at the connection point between the hollow drive column 31 and the perforated material support plate 21 to reduce the entry of fermentation material into the rotational clearance. The hysteresis sleeve 32 has a rotation clearance hole corresponding to its position through the perforated material support plate 21, allowing the hysteresis sleeve 32 to drive the fan-shaped gas distribution plate 61 located below the perforated material support plate 21 to rotate.

[0029] The drive mechanism 35 can be a geared motor and a gear transmission mechanism, chain transmission mechanism, or coupling connected to the output end of the geared motor. An external air supply device delivers air into the air supply channel of the hollow drive column 31 through the gas injection port 311. The gas injection port 311 is preferably coaxially arranged with the hollow drive column 31, and a conventional rotary seal structure is provided between the external air supply pipe and the rotating hollow drive column 31 to prevent the air supply pipe from becoming entangled when the hollow drive column 31 rotates continuously. It is worth noting that the perforated bottom plate 21 can not only support the fermentation material, but also serve as an interface for air and leachate, allowing air to enter the fermentation material from bottom to top and leachate to exit from top to bottom. The material fermentation space 22 is separated from the gas distribution space, which helps to improve the uniformity of air intake and reduces the possibility of leachate accumulating at the bottom of the material for a long time and forming an anaerobic zone.

[0030] The elastic hysteresis transmission assembly 40 includes a connecting plate 41, a first abutting plate 42, a partition plate 43, an arc-shaped guide rod 44, a second abutting plate 45, and an arc-shaped spring 46; The connecting plate 41 and the first abutting plate 42 are both fixedly connected to the hollow drive column 31, and the partition plate 43 is fixedly connected inside the hysteresis sleeve 32; at least two arc-shaped guide rods 44 are provided, each arc-shaped guide rod 44 extends along an arc with the axis of the hollow drive column 31 as the center, and is spaced apart along the vertical direction of the hollow drive column 31. One end of the arc-shaped guide rod 44 is fixedly connected to the partition plate 43, and the other end is slidably connected to the connecting plate 41 and fixedly connected to the second abutment plate 45. The hysteresis sleeve 32 is provided with a spring groove 321, and the arc spring 46 is provided in the spring groove 321. One end of the arc spring 46 abuts against the first abutting plate 42, and the other end abuts against the second abutting plate 45. It should be noted that the connecting plate 41 is preferably disc-shaped or extends radially along the hollow drive column 31, and the connecting plate 41 has an arc-shaped guide hole that cooperates with the arc-shaped guide rod 44. Both the arc-shaped guide hole and the arc-shaped guide rod 44 extend along an arc with the axis of the hollow drive column 31 as the center, so that the hysteresis sleeve 32 can rotate circumferentially relative to the hollow drive column 31 at a limited angle.

[0031] At least two arc-shaped guide rods 44 are spaced apart vertically, enabling circumferential guidance of the hysteresis sleeve 32 from different heights, reducing the possibility of the hysteresis sleeve 32 tilting or swaying relative to the hollow drive column 31. The arc-shaped guide rods 44 pass through the connecting plate 41 and connect to the second abutment plate 45. The connecting plate 41 also cooperates with the second abutment plate 45 to limit the maximum relative rotation angle of the hysteresis sleeve 32.

[0032] When the drive mechanism 35 drives the hollow drive column 31 to rotate, the first abutment plate 42 rotates with the hollow drive column 31 and applies a circumferential force to the second abutment plate 45 through the arc spring 46. The second abutment plate 45 drives the hysteresis sleeve 32 to rotate in sequence through the arc guide rod 44 and the partition plate 43.

[0033] When the material resistance on the comb teeth 34 increases, the hysteresis sleeve 32 hysterizes relative to the hollow drive column 31, the circumferential distance between the first abutment plate 42 and the second abutment plate 45 decreases, and the arc spring 46 is further compressed. When the material resistance decreases, the arc spring 46 releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the second abutment plate 45, the arc guide rod 44, and the hysteresis sleeve 32 to rotate towards their initial relative positions. It is worth noting that the arc spring 46 can both transmit torque to the hysteresis sleeve 32 and allow the hysteresis sleeve 32 to generate a corresponding hysteresis angle according to the degree of resistance of the comb teeth 34, so that the material resistance can be converted into a mechanical displacement signal that can be used by subsequent structures. At the same time, the arc spring 46 can buffer the impact load generated by the sudden collision between the comb teeth 34 and the caking material, reducing the possibility of damage to the drive mechanism 35, the hollow drive column 31 and the comb teeth 34 due to rigid impact.

[0034] The variable air distribution assembly 50 includes a first air baffle 51 and a second air baffle 52; The first air-blocking plate 51 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the hollow drive column 31, and the first air-blocking plate 51 is provided with a first arc-shaped air-permeable groove 53. The second air-blocking plate 52 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hysteresis sleeve 32 and is arranged adjacent to the first air-blocking plate 51. The second air-blocking plate 52 is provided with a second arc-shaped air-permeable groove 54. The first arc-shaped venting groove 53 and the second arc-shaped venting groove 54 partially overlap in the initial state to form a variable vent, and the overlapping area of ​​the two increases as the hysteresis angle of the hysteresis sleeve 32 relative to the hollow drive column 31 increases. It should be noted that the first air-blocking plate 51 and the second air-blocking plate 52 are preferably both circular plates, and are arranged adjacent to each other along the axial direction of the hollow drive column 31, and rotate with the hollow drive column 31 and the hysteresis sleeve 32 respectively. A wear-resistant sealing layer or an annular sealing ring can be provided between the adjacent surfaces of the first air-blocking plate 51 and the second air-blocking plate 52 to reduce gas leakage from the outer peripheral gap of the two air-blocking plates.

[0035] External air enters the air supply channel of the hollow drive column 31 through the gas injection port 311 and reaches above the first air baffle 51. When the first arc-shaped air vent 53 and the second arc-shaped air vent 54 partially overlap, the air passes through the first arc-shaped air vent 53 and the second arc-shaped air vent 54 in sequence, and then enters the fan-shaped air distribution chamber 62 through the air guide channel provided in the hysteresis sleeve 32.

[0036] In the initial state, the first arc-shaped air vent 53 and the second arc-shaped air vent 54 partially overlap, thus ensuring that the device still has a basic aeration capacity under normal combing conditions. The first arc-shaped air vent 53 and the second arc-shaped air vent 54 are offset along the circumferential direction, and their arc length, width, and offset direction are configured such that when the hysteresis angle of the hysteresis sleeve 32 relative to the hollow drive column 31 increases, the overlap length or overlap width of the two arc-shaped air vents gradually increases, thereby increasing the effective ventilation area of ​​the variable vent.

[0037] When the material resistance decreases and the hysteresis sleeve 32 is reset under the action of the arc spring 46, the overlapping area of ​​the first arc-shaped air vent 53 and the second arc-shaped air vent 54 decreases accordingly, so that the aeration volume is restored to the normal working state. It is worth noting that the variable air distribution component 50 can directly convert the hysteresis angle of the hysteresis sleeve 32 into a change in the ventilation area, allowing areas of the comb 34 with greater obstruction to receive a larger air supply. Compared to aeration with a constant flow rate, this structure can increase the air supply intensity when the grass stalks are locally compacted, the density is increased, or oxygen transfer is limited, which helps to improve local hypoxia problems and reduces ineffective excessive aeration in loose areas of the material.

[0038] The regional aeration assembly 60 includes at least one fan-shaped air distribution plate 61, which is fixedly connected to the hysteresis sleeve 32 and located below the perforated material support base plate 21. The fan-shaped air distribution plate 61 is a hollow plate, and a fan-shaped air distribution cavity 62 is formed inside the fan-shaped air distribution plate 61. The air inlet end of the fan-shaped air distribution cavity 62 is connected to the second arc-shaped air vent 54. The upper surface of the fan-shaped air distribution plate 61 is provided with a plurality of aeration holes 63 facing the perforated material support plate 21. Along the rotation direction of the rotating combing assembly 30, the gas release area of ​​the fan-shaped air distribution plate 61 is located after the comb teeth 34; It should be noted that the fan-shaped air distribution plate 61 is located below the perforated material support base plate 21, and a rotation gap is maintained between the upper surface of the fan-shaped air distribution plate 61 and the lower surface of the perforated material support base plate 21 to prevent friction between the fan-shaped air distribution plate 61 and the perforated material support base plate 21 when rotating. The fan-shaped air distribution plate 61 can be composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, and a surrounding plate connecting the edges of the upper plate and the lower plate. The upper plate, the lower plate, and the surrounding plate together form a closed fan-shaped air distribution cavity 62.

[0039] The fan-shaped air distribution chamber 62 is connected to the second arc-shaped air permeable groove 54 through an air guide channel set inside or on the outer wall of the lag sleeve 32. The fan-shaped air distribution plate 61 rotates synchronously with the lag sleeve 32. The air entering the fan-shaped air distribution chamber 62 is discharged upward through multiple aeration holes 63, and then enters the material fermentation space 22 through the through holes on the perforated material receiving bottom plate 21.

[0040] Along the rotation direction of the rotating combing assembly 30, the comb teeth 34 first pass through the corresponding fermentation material area, combing and loosening the cardamom stems in that area; subsequently, the gas release area of ​​the fan-shaped gas distribution plate 61 passes through the combed material area, allowing air to enter the pores formed by the combing. Preferably, there are two or more fan-shaped gas distribution plates 61, evenly distributed along the circumference of the hysteresis sleeve 32, to reduce the eccentric load during rotation; It is worth noting that placing the gas release area of ​​the fan-shaped aeration plate 61 behind the comb teeth 34 can form a regional treatment sequence of "combing first, then aeration". The comb teeth 34 first breaks down the compacted structure formed between the grass stalks and expands the material pores, making it easier for the discharged air to enter the interior of the material. This reduces the phenomenon of air escaping directly along fixed channels with less resistance, and improves the diffusion range and utilization efficiency of air in the fermentation material.

[0041] The combing depth adjustment component 70 includes an undulating guide 71, a follower slide 72, and an abutment roller 73; The undulating guide 71 is fixedly connected to the hysteresis sleeve 32, the follower slide 72 is circumferentially limited and axially slidably connected to the hollow drive column 31, and the abutting roller 73 is rotatably connected to the follower slide 72 and abuts against the undulating guide 71. The undulating guide 71 and the follower slide 72 are each provided with at least two sets, and at least two sets of undulating guide 71 and follower slide 72 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis center of the hollow drive column 31. The undulating guide 71 is provided with a low-position holding section, an inclined lifting section and a high-position holding section in sequence along the direction of increasing hysteresis angle; It should be noted that the undulating guide 71 can be configured as an arc-shaped boss extending along the circumferential direction of the hysteresis sleeve 32, forming a continuous guide surface on the side facing the roller 73. The low-position holding section, the inclined lifting section, and the high-position holding section are smoothly connected in the direction of increasing hysteresis angle. The low-position holding section and the high-position holding section are preferably arc-shaped surfaces with basically constant height, and the inclined lifting section is an inclined curved surface connecting the low-position holding section and the high-position holding section.

[0042] The follower slide 72 is connected to the hollow drive column 31 via an axial groove and a guide key, enabling the follower slide 72 to rotate with the hollow drive column 31 and to move up and down relative to the hollow drive column 31. The abutment roller 73 is mounted on the follower slide 72 via a rotating shaft and can roll along the surface of the undulating guide member 71.

[0043] Under normal combing conditions, the abutment roller 73 is in the low-position holding section. Even if the hysteresis sleeve 32 fluctuates slightly relative to the hollow drive column 31, the follower slide 72 will not rise or fall significantly. When the material resistance increases, causing the hysteresis angle to exceed the angle range corresponding to the low-position holding section, the abutment roller 73 enters the tilting and lifting section, pushing the follower slide 72 upward. When the hysteresis angle increases further, the abutment roller 73 enters the high-position holding section, keeping the follower slide 72 in a higher position and preventing the comb teeth 34 from re-extending under severe obstruction.

[0044] At least two sets of undulating guide members 71 and follower slides 72 are centrally symmetrically arranged so that each follower slide 72 rises or falls synchronously, thereby applying a relatively balanced axial force to the connecting ring 77. It is worth noting that the low-position holding section can form a certain action threshold, so that normal material resistance fluctuations only cause adjustments to the aeration volume, without causing the comb teeth 34 to frequently rise and fall; only when the material resistance increases to a set level will the comb teeth 34 begin to retract upwards. Therefore, this structure can form a graded response process of "increasing aeration first and then decreasing combing depth", reducing unnecessary reciprocating movements of the comb teeth 34 and improving the stability of the device operation.

[0045] The combing depth adjustment assembly 70 also includes a first rack 74, a gear 75 and a second rack 76 that are arranged one-to-one with the follower slide 72, and a connecting ring 77; The first rack 74 is arranged along the axial direction of the hollow drive column 31 and is fixedly connected to the hollow drive column 31. The gear 75 is rotatably connected to the follower slide 72, and one side of the gear 75 meshes with the first rack 74. The second rack 76 is axially sliding and circumferentially limited to the hollow drive column 31, and the second rack 76 meshes with the other side of the gear 75; The bottom of each of the second racks 76 is connected to a connecting ring 77, which is rotatably connected to the rotating cylinder 33 and axially limited. The rotating cylinder 33 and the hysteresis sleeve 32 are connected by an axial guide key; when the abutting roller 73 rises along the undulating guide 71, the follower slide 72 drives the gear 75 to move and rotate along the first rack 74, and the gear 75 drives the second rack 76 and the connecting ring 77 to rise. It should be noted that the first rack 74 and the second rack 76 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the gear 75, and both extend along the axial direction of the hollow drive column 31. The first rack 74 is fixed relative to the hollow drive column 31, and the second rack 76 is connected to the hollow drive column 31 through an axial slide rail, so that the second rack 76 can move up and down but cannot deflect circumferentially relative to the hollow drive column 31.

[0046] As the abutment roller 73 moves upward along the inclined lifting section, the follower slide 72 drives the center of gear 75 to move upward. Since one side of gear 75 meshes with the fixed first rack 74, gear 75 rotates while moving upward; the other side of gear 75 drives the second rack 76 to move upward by a distance greater than the lifting stroke of the follower slide 72. Assuming the racks on both sides of gear 75 have the same specifications and disregarding meshing clearance, the axial movement distance of the second rack 76 can be close to twice the movement distance of the center of gear 75.

[0047] Each of the second racks 76 is connected to the connecting ring 77, subjecting the connecting ring 77 to axial forces at multiple circumferential positions. The connecting ring 77 can be connected to the rotating cylinder 33 via a thrust bearing, an annular flange, and an annular limiting groove, enabling the connecting ring 77 to drive the rotating cylinder 33 to move up and down, while also allowing relative rotation between the connecting ring 77 and the rotating cylinder 33.

[0048] The rotating cylinder 33 is connected to the hysteresis sleeve 32 via an axial guide key. Therefore, the hysteresis sleeve 32 can transmit torque to the rotating cylinder 33, while the rotating cylinder 33 can still move axially relative to the hysteresis sleeve 32. Thus, the hysteresis sleeve 32 is responsible for driving the rotating cylinder 33 to rotate, and the connecting ring 77 is responsible for driving the rotating cylinder 33 to rise and fall. The transmission functions of the two are independent of each other. It is worth noting that the first rack 74, the gear 75, and the second rack 76 can amplify the axial travel generated by the undulating guide 71, allowing the undulating guide 71 to achieve a larger retraction distance of the comb teeth 34 with only a small height difference. This is beneficial for reducing the volume and tilt angle of the undulating guide 71. The connecting ring 77 is axially limited to the rotation of the rotating cylinder 33, and can also stably transmit axial force even with a hysteresis angle, reducing interference between the lifting transmission and the rotation transmission.

[0049] The elastic reset assembly 80 includes a fixed support ring 81, at least two reset guide rods 82, and axial reset springs 83 corresponding to the reset guide rods 82. The fixed support ring 81 is fixedly connected to the second rack 76, the reset guide rod 82 is arranged along the axial direction of the hollow drive column 31 and fixedly connected to the hollow drive column 31, and the fixed support ring 81 is slidably connected to the reset guide rod 82. The axial return spring 83 is sleeved outside the return guide rod 82. One end of the axial return spring 83 abuts against the fixed support ring 81, and the other end abuts against the fixed limiting part provided on the return guide rod 82. When the second rack 76 drives the fixed support ring 81 to move upward along the return guide rod 82, the fixed support ring 81 compresses the axial return spring 83. Each of the comb teeth 34 is slidably fitted with a comb tooth sleeve 36, and the comb tooth sleeve 36 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hysteresis sleeve 32. When the rotating cylinder 33 moves upward, the comb teeth 34 retract into the corresponding comb tooth sleeve 36. At the same time, each second rack 76 drives the fixed support ring 81 to move upward and compress the reset spring 83. It should be noted that when the abutting roller 73 moves along the inclined lifting section of the undulating guide 71, the follower slide 72 drives the gear 75 to move upward and rotate, and the gear 75 drives the second rack 76 to move upward. The second rack 76 drives the fixed support ring 81, which is fixedly connected to it, to slide upward along the reset guide rod 82, and compresses the axial reset spring 83. At the same time, the second rack 76 drives the rotating cylinder 33 and the comb teeth 34 to move upward through the connecting ring 77, causing the comb teeth 34 to retract into the comb sleeve 36.

[0050] When the hysteresis angle of the hysteresis sleeve 32 relative to the hollow drive column 31 decreases, the abutment roller 73 returns to the lower holding section along the undulating guide 71, and the axial return spring 83 releases its elastic potential energy and pushes the fixed support ring 81 to move downward. The fixed support ring 81 drives the second rack 76 to return downward, and the second rack 76 drives the rotating cylinder 33 and the comb teeth 34 to move downward through the connecting ring 77, so that the comb teeth 34 re-extend out of the comb tooth sleeve 36.

[0051] The comb sleeve 36 is preferably a tubular shape that runs vertically through the shaft. Multiple comb sleeves 36 are fixedly connected to the hysteresis sleeve 32 via a support frame and are coaxially arranged with the corresponding comb teeth 34. The comb teeth 34 preferably extend vertically, with their upper ends fixedly connected to the rotating cylinder 33 and their lower ends passing through the comb sleeve 36 and extending into the fermentation material.

[0052] As the rotating cylinder 33 moves upward, the comb teeth 34 retract upward relative to the comb tooth sleeve 36. The grass stalks, long fibers, and clumps of material wrapped around the comb teeth 34 are blocked by the lower end face of the comb tooth sleeve 36, thus detaching from the surface of the comb teeth 34. When the material resistance decreases and the contact roller 73 returns from the high-position holding section to the low-position holding section via the inclined lifting section, the axial return spring 83 releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the connecting ring 77, the rotating cylinder 33, and the comb teeth 34 downward, causing the comb teeth 34 to extend again. It is worth noting that the axial return spring 83 ensures that the comb teeth 34 can reliably return to their original position after the obstruction is released, avoiding jamming caused by relying solely on the weight of the rotating cylinder 33 and the comb teeth 34. The comb tooth sleeve 36 can also scrape off the tangled material during the retraction of the comb teeth 34, so that the unloading action of the comb teeth 34 also has a self-cleaning function, which is especially suitable for fermented materials such as grass and fruit stems with long fibers, strong toughness, and easy tangling.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0054] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for compound bio-organic fertilizer made from grass, fruit, and straw, characterized in that, include: Shell (10) and perforated bottom plate (21) disposed inside shell (10) for carrying fermented material; The rotary combing assembly (30) includes a hollow drive column (31) with an air supply channel, a hysteresis sleeve (32) sleeved outside the hollow drive column (31) and capable of rotating relative to the hollow drive column (31), a rotating cylinder (33) circumferentially limited and axially slidably connected to the hysteresis sleeve (32), and a plurality of comb teeth (34) disposed on the rotating cylinder (33). Elastic hysteresis transmission assembly (40), which is disposed between the hollow drive column (31) and the hysteresis sleeve (32), is used to elastically transmit torque to the hysteresis sleeve (32) and allow the hysteresis sleeve (32) to generate a hysteresis angle relative to the hollow drive column (31); A variable air distribution assembly (50) is disposed between the hollow drive column (31) and the hysteresis sleeve (32) and is connected to the air supply channel. The effective air passage area of ​​the variable air distribution assembly (50) increases with the increase of the hysteresis angle. A zone aeration component (60) is disposed below the perforated material support base plate (21) and connected to the variable air distribution component (50); The combing depth adjustment component (70) is disposed between the hollow drive column (31) and the hysteresis sleeve (32), and its output end is connected to the rotating cylinder (33) to convert the relative rotation between the hollow drive column (31) and the hysteresis sleeve (32) into the axial movement of the rotating cylinder (33). An elastic reset component (80) is connected to the output end of the combing depth adjustment component (70) and is used to drive the rotating cylinder (33) to reset in the direction that causes the comb teeth (34) to extend. The combing depth adjustment component (70) is configured to drive the rotating cylinder (33) to move upward after the hysteresis angle reaches a preset angle.

2. The aerobic composting and fermentation preparation device for grass, fruit, and straw compound bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perforated bottom plate (21) divides the internal space of the shell (10) into a material fermentation space (22) above the perforated bottom plate (21) and a gas distribution space below the perforated bottom plate (21); The top of the housing (10) is provided with a feed inlet (11) and an exhaust outlet (12), the side wall of the housing (10) is provided with an outlet (13) near the upper surface of the perforated material support plate (21), and the bottom of the housing (10) is provided with a drain outlet (14). The top of the housing (10) is provided with a drive mechanism (35), which is connected to the hollow drive column (31) for transmission. The top of the hollow drive column (31) is provided with a gas injection port (311).

3. The aerobic composting and fermentation preparation device for a compound bio-organic fertilizer made from grass, fruit, and straw according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic hysteresis transmission assembly (40) includes a connecting plate (41), a first abutting plate (42), a partition plate (43), an arc-shaped guide rod (44), a second abutting plate (45), and an arc-shaped spring (46). The connecting plate (41) and the first abutting plate (42) are both fixedly connected to the hollow drive column (31), and the partition plate (43) is fixedly connected inside the hysteresis sleeve (32); at least two arc-shaped guide rods (44) are provided, and each arc-shaped guide rod (44) extends along an arc with the axis of the hollow drive column (31) as the center, and is spaced apart along the vertical direction of the hollow drive column (31); One end of the arc-shaped guide rod (44) is fixedly connected to the partition plate (43), and the other end is slidably connected to the connecting plate (41) and fixedly connected to the second abutment plate (45); The hysteresis sleeve (32) is provided with a spring groove (321), and the arc spring (46) is provided in the spring groove (321). One end of the arc spring (46) abuts against the first abutting plate (42), and the other end abuts against the second abutting plate (45).

4. The aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for grass, fruit, and straw compound bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The variable valve timing assembly (50) includes a first baffle plate (51) and a second baffle plate (52); The first air-insulating plate (51) is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the hollow drive column (31), and the first air-insulating plate (51) is provided with a first arc-shaped air-permeable groove (53). The second air-blocking plate (52) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hysteresis sleeve (32) and is arranged adjacent to the first air-blocking plate (51). The second air-blocking plate (52) is provided with a second arc-shaped air-permeable groove (54). The first arc-shaped ventilation groove (53) and the second arc-shaped ventilation groove (54) partially overlap in the initial state to form a variable ventilation port, and the overlapping area of ​​the two increases as the hysteresis angle of the hysteresis sleeve (32) relative to the hollow drive column (31) increases.

5. The aerobic composting and fermentation preparation device for a compound bio-organic fertilizer made from grass, fruit, and straw according to claim 4, characterized in that: The regional aeration assembly (60) includes at least one fan-shaped air distribution plate (61), which is fixedly connected to the hysteresis sleeve (32) and located below the perforated material support base plate (21); The fan-shaped air distribution plate (61) is a hollow plate, and a fan-shaped air distribution cavity (62) is formed inside the fan-shaped air distribution plate (61). The air inlet end of the fan-shaped air distribution cavity (62) is connected to the second arc-shaped air vent (54). The upper surface of the fan-shaped air distribution plate (61) is provided with a plurality of aeration holes (63) facing the perforated material support plate (21). Along the rotation direction of the rotating combing assembly (30), the gas release area of ​​the fan-shaped gas distribution plate (61) is located after the comb teeth (34).

6. The aerobic composting and fermentation preparation device for a compound bio-organic fertilizer made from grass, fruit, and straw according to claim 5, characterized in that: The combing depth adjustment assembly (70) includes an undulating guide (71), a follower slide (72), and an abutment roller (73). The undulating guide (71) is fixedly connected to the hysteresis sleeve (32), the follower slide (72) is circumferentially limited and axially slidably connected to the hollow drive column (31), and the abutting roller (73) is rotatably connected to the follower slide (72) and abuts against the undulating guide (71). The undulating guide (71) and the follower slide (72) are each provided with at least two sets, and at least two sets of undulating guide (71) and follower slide (72) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis center of the hollow drive column (31); The undulating guide (71) is provided with a low-position holding section, an inclined lifting section and a high-position holding section in sequence along the direction of increasing hysteresis angle.

7. The aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for grass, fruit, and straw compound bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The combing depth adjustment assembly (70) also includes a first rack (74), a gear (75), and a second rack (76) that are arranged one-to-one with the follower slide (72), as well as a connecting ring (77); The first rack (74) is arranged along the axial direction of the hollow drive column (31) and is fixedly connected to the hollow drive column (31). The gear (75) is rotatably connected to the follower slide (72), and one side of the gear (75) meshes with the first rack (74). The second rack (76) slides axially and is circumferentially limited to the hollow drive column (31), and the second rack (76) meshes with the other side of the gear (75); The bottom of each of the second racks (76) is connected to a connecting ring (77), which is rotatably connected to the rotating cylinder (33) and axially limited. The rotating cylinder (33) and the hysteresis sleeve (32) are connected by an axial guide key; when the abutting roller (73) rises along the undulating guide (71), the follower slide (72) drives the gear (75) to move and rotate along the first rack (74), and the gear (75) drives the second rack (76) and the connecting ring (77) to rise.

8. The aerobic composting fermentation preparation device for grass, fruit, and straw compound bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The elastic reset assembly (80) includes a fixed support ring (81), at least two reset guide rods (82), and axial reset springs (83) corresponding to the reset guide rods (82). The fixed support ring (81) is fixedly connected to the second rack (76), the reset guide rod (82) is arranged along the axial direction of the hollow drive column (31) and fixedly connected to the hollow drive column (31), and the fixed support ring (81) is slidably connected to the reset guide rod (82). The axial return spring (83) is sleeved on the outside of the return guide rod (82). One end of the axial return spring (83) abuts against the fixed support ring (81), and the other end abuts against the fixed limiting part provided on the return guide rod (82). When the second rack (76) drives the fixed support ring (81) to move upward along the return guide rod (82), the fixed support ring (81) compresses the axial return spring (83). Each of the comb teeth (34) is slidably fitted with a comb tooth sleeve (36), and the comb tooth sleeve (36) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hysteresis sleeve (32); when the rotating cylinder (33) moves upward, the comb teeth (34) retract into the corresponding comb tooth sleeve (36), and at the same time, each second rack (76) drives the fixed support ring (81) to move upward and compress the reset spring (83).

Images