Liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of liquid fertilizer preparation technology, specifically to a liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice and its preparation method. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts eucalyptus bark juice, 0.5-3 parts fermentation agent, 2-8 parts urea, 1-5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-6 parts potassium sulfate, 5-20 parts eucalyptus bark, and 0.5-1 parts stabilizer. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice disclosed in this invention has a good fertilization effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid fertilizer preparation technology, specifically to a liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Eucalyptus, a fast-growing and high-yielding tree species widely planted globally, plays a vital role in industries such as papermaking, engineered wood products, construction formwork, and biomass energy due to its rapid growth and excellent wood properties. However, eucalyptus wood processing generates a large amount of processing residues, with eucalyptus bark accounting for 10%-15% of the log weight. Taking the main eucalyptus-producing areas in southern my country as an example, the annual production of eucalyptus bark reaches millions of tons. Currently, most eucalyptus bark is directly discarded, burned in the open, or used only as low-value fuel, resulting in a significant waste of biomass resources and causing emissions of dust, carbon dioxide, and volatile organic compounds, putting pressure on the regional ecological environment.

[0003] It is worth noting that fresh eucalyptus bark typically has a water content as high as 70%-85%, and its internal tissues are rich in various soluble nutrients. Studies have shown that eucalyptus bark sap not only contains the three major macroelements—nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—but is also rich in micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and boron, as well as certain amounts of flavonoids, tannins, and polysaccharides. Under suitable biotransformation conditions, these components can be effectively converted into active nutrients that are easily absorbed by plants, making it an ideal raw material for preparing liquid fertilizers.

[0004] Compared with traditional solid organic fertilizers, liquid fertilizers have significant advantages such as good solubility, rapid nutrient release, high crop absorption and utilization rate, and ease of mechanized application and use in conjunction with drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation systems. Furthermore, the production process of liquid fertilizers does not require high-temperature drying or energy-intensive granulation steps, resulting in relatively lower labor costs and equipment investment, making them suitable for distributed resource utilization in concentrated timber processing areas.

[0005] However, directly using eucalyptus bark sap as fertilizer has significant drawbacks. First, fresh sap contains high concentrations of tannins and phenolic compounds, which can inhibit seed germination and seedling root growth in some crops. Second, the ratio of soluble organic carbon to inorganic nitrogen in eucalyptus bark sap is often unbalanced, and direct application can easily lead to short-term nitrogen fixation by soil microorganisms. Furthermore, the sap may carry eucalyptus-specific pathogens or insect eggs, posing agricultural safety risks if untreated. Invention patent CN102173891A discloses a method for processing a lightweight organic matrix based on eucalyptus bark. The method involves initially crushing eucalyptus bark peeled from a wood chipper, piling it into large heaps, and watering it to achieve a moisture content of approximately 60%. Nitrogen sources such as chicken manure and urea are added to adjust the C / N ratio to 40-45:1. Microbial agents such as EM bacteria and enzyme bacteria are added at a volume ratio of 0.2% of the heap, and the mixture is then applied at a rate of 10-12m³.3 The eucalyptus bark is piled up, with holes punched in each pile for ventilation, and covered with shade netting for fermentation. Once the temperature reaches 50℃ and is maintained for a week, the pile is mechanically turned 3-4 times, with urea solution added once during the process. The entire fermentation cycle takes approximately 50 days. After fermentation, the eucalyptus bark is spread out to dry, then crushed again and graded by particle size before being bagged and stored. This invention allows for the factory production of lightweight organic substrate from eucalyptus bark; however, its processing method only handles solid bark and has a long fermentation cycle, leaving room for further improvement in the utilization rate of the high-nutrient eucalyptus bark sap.

[0006] Therefore, developing a liquid fertilizer preparation process that can efficiently retain the original nutrient components of eucalyptus bark sap, effectively remove its harmful components, and achieve optimized nutrient balance has significant industrial application value. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice and its preparation method. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice disclosed in this invention has a good fertilizing effect.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The first aspect of the present invention provides a liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice, wherein the liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts eucalyptus bark juice, 0.5-3 parts fermentation agent, 2-8 parts urea, 1-5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-6 parts potassium sulfate, 5-20 parts eucalyptus bark, and 0.5-1 parts stabilizer.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fermenting agent is a complex of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a total effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of the lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1:(0.5-1):(0.5-1).

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the eucalyptus bark is fibrous, with a moisture content of ≤10% and a length of 0.1-2cm.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preparation steps of the stabilizer are as follows: Poplar wood powder and ethanol are mixed, and then a composite modifier and catalyst are added. The mixture is heated to 120-130℃ and reacted for 1-3 hours. After the reaction is completed, deionized water is added and the pH is adjusted to 2-3 to precipitate the reactants. The precipitates are then obtained by filtration and drying.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composite modifier is a mixture of gallic acid and citric acid in a mass ratio of 1:(1-1.5).

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of poplar wood powder to composite modifier is 1:(0.1-0.3).

[0015] This invention uses modified lignin prepared by adding treated poplar wood powder as a stabilizer, which effectively improves the stability and dispersion uniformity of each component of the liquid fertilizer. At the same time, the content of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the lignin is significantly increased compared with that of unmodified lignin, forming a dual antioxidant network with grafted gallic acid residues. This network can efficiently capture free radicals to slow down the oxidative deterioration of the active ingredients, thereby significantly enhancing the antioxidant activity of the formulation and ensuring the long-term stable performance of the liquid fertilizer.

[0016] Furthermore, the free carboxyl groups retained on the citric acid residues endow the modified lignin with a strong chelating ability for metal ions in the liquid fertilizer system, effectively preventing the formation of insoluble precipitates such as phosphates, inhibiting oxidative sedimentation from the source, and effectively avoiding the negative impact that may be caused by the liquid fertilizer turning dark brown due to oxidative sedimentation. In actual application, this dark brown appearance is easily mistaken for sewage discharge. However, this invention significantly improves market acceptance and applicability by maintaining the clear appearance of the product.

[0017] A second aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing a liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap, comprising the following steps: S1: Mix eucalyptus bark juice and fermentation agent evenly to obtain fermentation liquid; S2: The fermentation broth from step S1 is subjected to anaerobic fermentation until the total phenol content is below 800 mg / kg, and then subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain composted material; S3: Take the composted material from step S2, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, mix and stir to obtain substrate fertilizer; S4: After crushing the eucalyptus bark, add it to the substrate fertilizer in step S3, then add a stabilizer and mix until uniform. Adjust the pH to 6-6.5 to obtain the liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the anaerobic fermentation conditions are as follows: anaerobic fermentation at 28-32°C for 10-15 days, with stirring for 5-10 minutes every 2-3 days.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the aerobic fermentation conditions are: aerobic fermentation for 3-5 days at an aeration rate of 0.3-0.8 vvm and a temperature of 26-30°C.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice disclosed in this invention has a good fertilization effect.

[0021] 2. This invention uses modified lignin prepared from poplar wood powder as a stabilizer, which effectively improves the stability and dispersibility of liquid fertilizer components. The phenolic hydroxyl groups on it may also form an antioxidant and stabilizing network with gallic acid, thereby promoting the long-term and stable effect of the liquid fertilizer system.

[0022] 3. The free carboxyl groups introduced during the preparation of the stability of this invention may also play a certain chelating role, inhibiting precipitation and oxidative browning, reducing misjudgment of appearance, and thus improving the application and market acceptance of the liquid fertilizer of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the examples and comparative examples below are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Other combinations and various modifications within the scope of the invention can be made without departing from its spirit or scope.

[0024] To facilitate implementation of this invention by those skilled in the art, the following description is provided regarding some of the raw materials and manufacturers used in specific embodiments: The compounds and related reagents used in the following specific embodiments are all commercially available. The concentrated sulfuric acid used is 98% concentrated sulfuric acid. The fermentation agent used is a complex of the corresponding stock solutions of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a total effective viable cell count of 2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 The volume ratio of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 1:0.5:1 (CFU / mL). The culture media used for the corresponding stock solutions of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were all prepared according to the following mass percentages: 4.5% sucrose, 0.11% potassium nitrate, 0.01% sodium chloride, 0.014% magnesium sulfate, and the remainder was water, totaling 100%. The culture was carried out using conventional operations well known to those skilled in the art, and this invention will not further limit the disclosure. The eucalyptus bark used was fibrous, with a moisture content ≤10% and a length of 0.1-2 cm.

[0025] It should be noted that the post-processing steps such as "vacuum filtration", "drying", "stirring", and "pH adjustment" appearing in the following embodiments are routine operations for those skilled in the art, and should be selected according to actual operation.

[0026] Preparation Example 1 The preparation steps of the stabilizer are as follows: Mix 20g of poplar wood powder with 200mL of 50wt% ethanol aqueous solution, then add 4g of composite modifier (a mixture of gallic acid and citric acid in a mass ratio of 1:1.2) and 0.2mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. Heat to 128℃ and react for 2h. After the reaction is complete, add 3 times the volume of deionized water and add 1M hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 2 to precipitate the reactants. After filtration and drying, the stabilizer is obtained.

[0027] Preparation Example 2 The specific preparation steps of the stabilizer are the same as those in Preparation Example 1, except that the composite modifier is a mixture of gallic acid and citric acid in a mass ratio of 1:1.5.

[0028] Preparation Example 3 The specific preparation steps for the stabilizer are the same as in Preparation Example 1, except that the amount of composite modifier added is 7g.

[0029] Preparation Example 4 The preparation steps of the stabilizer are as follows: Mix 20g of poplar wood powder with 200mL of 50wt% ethanol aqueous solution, then add 4g of gallic acid and 0.2mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, heat to 180℃ and react for 0.8h. After the reaction is complete, add 3 times the volume of deionized water and add 1M hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 2 to precipitate the reactants. Then filter and dry to obtain the stabilizer.

[0030] Preparation Example 5 The preparation process of eucalyptus bark juice is as follows: Cleaned and chopped eucalyptus bark into 3±2cm segments is fed into a double-roll press. The roller gap is controlled at 1mm and the roller speed at 20r / min. The juice is extracted by pressing the two rollers against each other under normal temperature conditions. The juice obtained from the first pressing is collected and filtered. The eucalyptus bark residue after pressing is pressed twice more. All the filtrates are combined to obtain the eucalyptus bark juice.

[0031] Example 1 A liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts eucalyptus bark juice, 1.5 parts fermentation agent, 5 parts urea, 3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.5 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts eucalyptus bark, and 0.75 parts stabilizer.

[0032] The method for preparing liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: Mix eucalyptus bark juice and fermentation agent evenly to obtain fermentation liquid; S2: The fermentation broth from step S1 is subjected to anaerobic fermentation until the phenolic inhibitors are fully degraded to a total phenol content of less than 800 mg / kg, and then subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain composted material; S3: Take the composted material from step S2, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, mix and stir to obtain substrate fertilizer; S4: After crushing the eucalyptus bark, add it to the substrate fertilizer in step S3, then add a stabilizer and mix until uniform. Adjust the pH to 6.5 to obtain the liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice.

[0033] The anaerobic fermentation conditions are 12 days of anaerobic fermentation at 30℃, with stirring for 8 minutes every 2.5 days; the aerobic fermentation conditions are 4 days of aerobic fermentation at an aeration rate of 0.5 vvm and a temperature of 28℃.

[0034] The stabilizer used in this embodiment was obtained from Preparation Example 1.

[0035] Example 2 A liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts eucalyptus bark juice, 0.5 parts fermentation agent, 2 parts urea, 1 part potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part potassium sulfate, 5 parts eucalyptus bark, and 0.5 parts stabilizer.

[0036] The method for preparing liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: Mix eucalyptus bark juice and fermentation agent evenly to obtain fermentation liquid; S2: The fermentation broth from step S1 is subjected to anaerobic fermentation until the phenolic inhibitors are fully degraded to a total phenol content of less than 800 mg / kg, and then subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain composted material; S3: Take the composted material from step S2, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, mix and stir to obtain substrate fertilizer; S4: After crushing the eucalyptus bark, add it to the substrate fertilizer in step S3, then add a stabilizer and mix until uniform. Adjust the pH to 6.5 to obtain the liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice.

[0037] The anaerobic fermentation conditions are 10 days of anaerobic fermentation at 28℃, with stirring for 5 minutes every 2 days; the aerobic fermentation conditions are 3 days of aerobic fermentation at an aeration rate of 0.3 vvm and a temperature of 26℃.

[0038] The stabilizer used in this embodiment was obtained from Preparation Example 1.

[0039] Example 3 A liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts eucalyptus bark juice, 3 parts fermentation agent, 8 parts urea, 5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts potassium sulfate, 20 parts eucalyptus bark, and 1 part stabilizer.

[0040] The method for preparing liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: Mix eucalyptus bark juice and fermentation agent evenly to obtain fermentation liquid; S2: The fermentation broth from step S1 is subjected to anaerobic fermentation until the phenolic inhibitors are fully degraded to a total phenol content of less than 800 mg / kg, and then subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain composted material; S3: Take the composted material from step S2, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, mix and stir to obtain substrate fertilizer; S4: After crushing the eucalyptus bark, add it to the substrate fertilizer in step S3, then add a stabilizer and mix until uniform. Adjust the pH to 6 to obtain the liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice.

[0041] The anaerobic fermentation conditions are 15 days of anaerobic fermentation at 32℃, with stirring for 10 minutes every 3 days; the aerobic fermentation conditions are 5 days of aerobic fermentation at an aeration rate of 0.8 vvm and a temperature of 30℃.

[0042] The stabilizer used in this embodiment was obtained from Preparation Example 1.

[0043] Example 4 A liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice and its preparation method are described. The specific implementation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stabilizer used in this example is obtained from Preparation Example 2.

[0044] Example 5 A liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice and its preparation method are described. The specific implementation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stabilizer used in this example is obtained from Preparation Example 3.

[0045] Example 6 A liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice and its preparation method are described. The specific implementation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stabilizer used in this example is obtained from Preparation Example 4.

[0046] Example 7 A liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice and its preparation method are described. The specific implementation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the stabilizer used in this example is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

[0047] Performance testing The liquid fertilizers containing eucalyptus bark juice prepared in each of the above Examples 1-7 were subjected to the following tests.

[0048] (1) Stability: Each liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap was placed in a simulated environment at 45℃ and left to stand for a period of time. The time it took for the physicochemical properties of the liquid fertilizer to change (color change, appearance of obvious precipitate and odor change) was observed and recorded. The specific test results are shown in Table 1. Table 1

[0049] As shown in Table 1, the experimental data from Examples 1-3 indicate that the liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice obtained by this invention exhibits good stability under simulated high-temperature conditions, with no color deterioration, no obvious precipitation, and a normal odor. Example 4 altered the mass ratio of the composite modifier, which may have affected the antioxidant network density of gallic acid, leading to a decrease in stability. Example 5 changed the amount of composite modifier added during stabilizer preparation, which may have resulted in residual free small molecules, affecting the long-term stability of the system to some extent. Example 6 used gallic acid as a modifier, which, due to the lack of chelating groups provided by citric acid, could not effectively inhibit the oxidative precipitation catalyzed by metal ions, resulting in a significant decrease in stability. The stabilizer used in Example 7 was ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which, although possessing strong metal ion chelating ability, lacked the steric hindrance and antioxidant function provided by modified lignin as a stabilizer, and easily competed with phosphate for complexation in the liquid fertilizer system, resulting in the least ideal stabilizing effect.

[0050] (2) Fertilizer efficiency testing Using a 20m long and 10m wide experimental area as one test zone, the rice-planted experimental field was divided into 13 experimental zones. These 15 experimental zones were further divided into four groups: Example 1 Group, Example 4 Group, Example 5 Group, Example 6 Group, and Example 7 Group; each group consisted of three experimental zones. Examples 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were treated with a 500-fold diluted liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice, respectively, via foliar spraying. One experimental zone served as a control group, treated with water spraying. After foliar spraying of the liquid fertilizer, normal field management was implemented. Rice grains were collected at harvest time, with grains from 100 rice plants in each experimental zone collected to calculate the thousand-grain weight. The yield and yield increase of each experimental zone were recorded and averaged. The yield increase rate was calculated as (yield of each example - yield of the control group) / yield of the control group × 100%. Specific test results are shown in Table 2. Table 2

[0051] As shown in Table 2, the liquid fertilizer obtained in Example 1 of this invention has a good fertilization effect, effectively promoting crop growth and increasing yield. Example 4 changed the mass ratio of the composite modifier, which further enhanced the metal ion chelating ability, but may have slightly reduced the antioxidant synergistic efficiency due to the relatively reduced effective grafting density of the stabilizer body, affecting the stability of the active ingredients in the liquid fertilizer and thus affecting the fertilization effect. Example 5 changed the amount of composite modifier added during stabilizer preparation, resulting in the residue of free small molecules in the stabilizer, affecting the uniformity of each component of the liquid fertilizer and the stable release of fertilizer effect, thus affecting the yield increase to a certain extent. Example 6 used gallic acid as a modifier, which may have caused oxidative degradation of the effective ingredients, affecting the fertilizer effect. The stabilizer used in Example 7 was ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which may have affected the uniformity of each component of the liquid fertilizer, and the lack of antioxidant and suspension stabilization functions may have affected the fertilizer effect. The liquid fertilizer had poor uniformity of effective ingredients during storage and spraying, and the yield increase effect was the least significant.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap, characterized in that, The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts eucalyptus bark juice, 0.5-3 parts fermentation agent, 2-8 parts urea, 1-5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-6 parts potassium sulfate, 5-20 parts eucalyptus bark, and 0.5-1 parts stabilizer.

2. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermenting agent is a complex of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a total effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL.

3. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap according to claim 2, characterized in that, The volume ratio of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1:(0.5-1):(0.5-1).

4. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The eucalyptus bark is fibrous, with a moisture content of ≤10% and a length of 0.1-2cm.

5. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation steps of the stabilizer are as follows: Poplar wood powder and ethanol are mixed, and then a composite modifier and catalyst are added. The mixture is heated to 120-130℃ and reacted for 1-3 hours. After the reaction is completed, deionized water is added and the pH is adjusted to 2-3 to precipitate the reactants. The precipitates are then obtained by filtration and drying.

6. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap according to claim 5, characterized in that, The composite modifier is a mixture of gallic acid and citric acid, with a mass ratio of 1:(1-1.5).

7. The liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of poplar wood powder to composite modifier is 1:(0.1-0.3).

8. A method for preparing a liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Mix eucalyptus bark juice and fermentation agent evenly to obtain fermentation liquid; S2: The fermentation broth from step S1 is subjected to anaerobic fermentation until the total phenol content is below 800 mg / kg, and then subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain composted material; S3: Take the composted material from step S2, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, mix and stir to obtain substrate fertilizer; S4: After crushing the eucalyptus bark, add it to the substrate fertilizer in step S3, then add a stabilizer and mix until uniform. Adjust the pH to 6-6.5 to obtain the liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark juice.

9. The method for preparing liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap according to claim 8, characterized in that, The anaerobic fermentation conditions are as follows: anaerobic fermentation at 28-32℃ for 10-15 days, with stirring for 5-10 minutes every 2-3 days.

10. The method for preparing liquid fertilizer containing eucalyptus bark sap according to claim 8, characterized in that, The aerobic fermentation conditions are as follows: aeration rate of 0.3-0.8 vvm and temperature of 26-30℃ for 3-5 days.

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