Super-absorbent, soft and quick-drying multifunctional fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying, and its preparation method, relating to the field of textile fabric technology. The preparation method involves blending composite microfiber short fibers with natural or synthetic fibers, followed by loose pre-setting, high-temperature fiber opening, high-temperature dyeing, and post-treatment to obtain the super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying fabric. This method solves the problem that microfiber short fibers cannot be directly blended with natural or synthetic fibers, effectively utilizing various functional composite microfiber short fibers to achieve large-scale spinning, producing various functional blended fabrics that possess excellent water absorption, anti-pilling properties, and wearability, while also being free from static electricity and pilling issues, and offering softness and comfort.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile fabric technology, and in particular to a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the textile fabric industry, conventional pure chemical fiber fabrics and their blends generally have the following shortcomings: First, the moisture-wicking performance is poor. Pure synthetic fiber yarn fabrics and some synthetic fiber blends have poor moisture absorption due to the inherent poor moisture absorption of the fibers themselves, resulting in poor water absorption and a stuffy, uncomfortable feeling when worn, making it difficult to meet consumers' requirements for comfort.

[0003] Secondly, the blending performance is poor. Products blended with natural fibers (such as cotton, wool, silk, and linen) often experience pilling and fuzzing during use and washing due to differences in the cohesion between the two fibers and the inherent strength and resilience of the synthetic fibers. Simultaneously, the low moisture regain of synthetic fibers makes them prone to static electricity, negatively impacting the wearing experience. Furthermore, traditional polyester-cotton blends, while increasing the strength of pure cotton yarn by adding polyester staple fibers, significantly reduce the water absorption capacity of the pure cotton yarn, failing to achieve an effective balance.

[0004] Third, the production process and subsequent spinning process for ultrafine staple fibers with a fineness of less than 0.5D are currently not industrialized. Furthermore, the single-fiber strength of these staple fibers is too low to be effectively blended with natural or synthetic fibers. Analysis reveals that this is due, on the one hand, to the high melt viscosity of the single-component polymer, making the extruded filaments extremely sensitive to the draw ratio and cooling rate. When the single-filament fineness of the single-component staple fiber is less than 0.5D, the fiber diameter is extremely small (approximately 5μm or less), making the melt filaments highly susceptible to surface tension disturbances and breakage before solidification, leading to increased breakage and fuzz. Simultaneously, rapid cooling easily causes the fiber to form a brittle structure, and subsequent excessive stretching can easily trigger fiber breakage, compromising single-fiber strength. On the other hand, to achieve ultrafine denier, the spinneret used in spinning requires extremely small spinneret orifices, which makes the orifices prone to clogging and difficult to clean. Furthermore, high-pore-density processing easily leads to uneven melt flow during distribution, affecting fiber consistency. Simultaneously, in the cooling and forming stage, the rapid cooling rate of the melt stream easily causes irregular fiber cross-sections or creates differences in the sheath-core structure that are detrimental to subsequent processing. Further, in the subsequent stretching and winding stages, ultrafine fibers, due to their low absolute strength, are prone to breakage at contact points such as guide rollers and winding mechanisms. Moreover, the large specific surface area of ​​the fibers results in significant electrostatic effects, making them easily adsorbed onto equipment surfaces or entangled, hindering proper bundling and winding. Therefore, with current technology, the minimum industrially achievable fineness of single-component ultrafine denier staple fibers prepared using conventional single-component spinning methods can only be stably maintained at around 0.8D, unable to break through the 0.5D threshold.

[0005] Furthermore, even if ultrafine short fibers with a density of less than 0.5D can be effectively produced, their single fiber strength is extremely low. In subsequent conventional spinning processes, they cannot withstand repeated mechanical combing and stretching, and therefore cannot be directly blended with natural or synthetic fibers on a large scale.

[0006] Functional composite microfiber filaments refer to a type of fiber filament obtained by using composite spinning technology to combine two or more polymers with different and incompatible chemical structures into a fiber cross-section according to a predetermined method, followed by post-processing to separate the components or remove some components, thereby obtaining a low monofilament linear density. These fibers exhibit significant advantages in specific surface area, softness, moisture absorption and wicking, and adsorption filtration, and are widely used in artificial leather, high-performance wiping cloths, cleanroom clothing, air filtration materials, and medical protective products.

[0007] In existing technologies, based on differences in fiber cross-section design and component separation methods, functional composite microfiber filaments are mainly divided into two categories: island-type and peeled-off type. Peeled-off composite fibers commonly have orange-petal-shaped, multi-layered, or hollow-splitter cross-sections, consisting of two incompatible polymers (such as polyester and polyamide, polyester and polypropylene, etc.) arranged alternately in the fiber cross-section to form multiple wedge-shaped or layered regions. In the post-processing stage, through mechanical forces, the composite components are peeled and split at the interface, allowing a thick composite filament to split into multiple microfiber filaments.

[0008] Currently, functional composite microfiber filaments are widely used in cleaning and home textiles due to their excellent water absorption and easy washing properties. However, when composite microfiber filaments (such as polyester-nylon composite filaments) are blended with other fibers, the excessive fineness of the individual fibers after opening makes the yarn surface prone to burrs, resulting in reduced anti-pilling ability of the fabric. Furthermore, composite microfiber staple fibers (single fiber fineness ≥0.8D), although their water absorption characteristics remain unchanged, are severely limited in the fabric field, mainly used in spunlace nonwovens, with very few applications in other areas (such as spinning), which greatly restricts the scope of use of composite microfiber staple fibers.

[0009] Based on this, a method for preparing a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying is provided. This method uses functional composite microfiber as raw material to solve the problem that conventional microfiber cannot be directly blended with natural or synthetic fibers. It can effectively utilize composite microfiber to achieve large-scale spinning and produce a blended fabric that has excellent water absorption, anti-pilling properties, and wearability, and is free from static electricity and pilling problems, and is soft and comfortable. This method has significant technical significance and research value. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying, and its preparation method. It can solve the problem that conventional microfibers cannot be directly blended with natural or synthetic fibers, and can effectively utilize composite microfibers to achieve large-scale spinning, producing blended fabrics that have excellent water absorption, anti-pilling properties, and wearability, and are free from static electricity and pilling problems, and are soft and comfortable.

[0011] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for preparing a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying includes the following steps: spinning, weaving, loose pre-setting, high-temperature fiber opening, high-temperature dyeing, and post-treatment. The spinning method involves using at least functional composite ultrafine short fibers as raw materials to spin yarn to obtain yarn with a thickness of 18-80s. The functional composite microfiber is a bicomponent or multicomponent fiber composed of two or more components selected from polyester, nylon, polypropylene, and ethylene; the cross-sectional structure of the functional composite microfiber is one of the following: gear-shaped, orange-segment-shaped, or star-shaped. The weaving method involves using the yarn to weave and obtain a grey fabric. The loose pre-forming method involves loosely pre-forming the fabric to obtain the pre-formed fabric. The high-temperature fiber opening method involves immersing the pre-shaped fabric in a composite fiber opening bath, heating it to 100-102℃, and maintaining the temperature for high-temperature fiber opening. After high-temperature fiber opening, each functional composite ultrafine short fiber in the fabric splits into 8-16 independent ultrafine fibers with a single fiber fineness of 0.06-0.27D, thus obtaining the fiber-opened fabric. The fabric, after being split, is dyed at high temperature and then post-treated to produce a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying.

[0012] Preferably, the shrinkage difference between the components in the functional composite microfiber used for spinning is 12-20%. The functional composite ultrafine short fibers have a length of 28-51 mm and a single fiber fineness of 1-3D.

[0013] Preferably, the functional composite ultrafine short fiber used in the spinning is a bicomponent fiber composed of polyester and nylon; the weight ratio of polyester to nylon is 70-80:20-30. The cross-sectional structure of the functional composite microfiber is orange-petal shaped, which is composed of alternating intervals of polyester and nylon along the circumferential direction.

[0014] Preferably, in the high-temperature fiber opening process, the weight ratio of the pre-shaped greige fabric to the composite fiber opening bath is 1:8-10; The composite fiber-opening bath contains: sodium hydroxide 4-5 g / L and fiber-opening accelerator 1-1.2 g / L; The fiber opening accelerator is either the surfactant CTAB or the penetrant JFC.

[0015] Preferably, in the high-temperature fiber opening process, the heating rate to 100-102℃ is 1.5-2℃ / min; The heat preservation time for high-temperature fiber opening is 35-45 minutes.

[0016] Furthermore, the spinning method is one of the following: Functional composite ultrafine short fibers are spun into pure yarn. Blended yarns are obtained by blending functional composite microfibers with natural or synthetic fibers.

[0017] Preferably, the weight ratio of functional composite microfiber to natural or synthetic fiber is controlled to be 40-65:35-60; The natural fiber is one of the following: cotton fiber, linen fiber, or protein fiber; The synthetic fiber is one of the following: Modal, bamboo fiber, Lyocell, or viscose.

[0018] Furthermore, the weaving method involves using the yarn for knitting or weaving to obtain a basis weight of 80-400 g / m². 2 raw fabric; The loose pre-forming method involves loosely pre-forming the fabric, controlling the pre-forming temperature to be 100-160℃, and the pre-forming time to be 40-60s, to obtain the pre-formed fabric.

[0019] Furthermore, the high-temperature dyeing method involves performing one or two high-temperature dyeing processes on the fabric after fiber opening, controlling the high-temperature dyeing temperature to be 120-140℃; after the high-temperature dyeing is completed, the temperature is lowered to 60-80℃, and the fabric is kept warm and the color is fixed to obtain the dyed fabric. The post-processing method involves drying the dyed fabric to a moisture content of 14-15%, then treating it with a fabric finishing agent, and finally heat-setting it at 120-160℃ to obtain a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying.

[0020] A multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying is prepared using the aforementioned method.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) In the preparation of the super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric of the present invention, during the spinning stage, a two-component or three-component composite microfiber staple fiber with a relatively coarse single fiber fineness (1D-3D) that has not yet been opened is selected, and it is spun purely or spun with natural / artificial fibers. At this time, the composite microfiber staple fiber has sufficient single fiber strength to withstand repeated mechanical combing and drafting in processes such as cleaning, drawing, and spinning, and successfully achieves large-scale spinning to obtain pure or blended yarn; the pure or blended yarn is then subjected to subsequent loose pre-setting and high temperature... The fiber opening and high-temperature dyeing process completely splits the orange-petal-shaped structure inside the fabric, splitting a single composite microfiber short fiber with a fineness of 1D-3D into several fibers with a fineness of no more than 0.27D. This effectively solves the problem of non-industrialization of single-component microfiber short fibers (≤0.8D) during spinning and yarn production due to low strength, severe static electricity, and difficulty in bundling. It enables the effective blending of composite microfiber short fibers using conventional production equipment, significantly expanding the application fields of microfiber short fibers.

[0022] (2) In the preparation of the super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric of the present invention, the 12-20% difference in shrinkage rate and alkali resistance between the components of the composite microfiber short fiber (such as polyester and nylon) in hot alkali is utilized. Pre-shrinkage is carried out by loose pre-forming to initially open the orange-petal structure interface. Then, the orange-petal structure of the fiber is split by high-temperature alkali reduction swelling. Finally, the fiber is fully split and shrunken by high-temperature dyeing. After the composite microfiber short fiber is split, the number of fibers in the fabric increases geometrically and the fineness of the single fiber is large. The reduced amplitude and the strong capillary wicking effect generated by the extremely high specific surface area of ​​microfiber enable instantaneous absorption and conduction of moisture, achieving a water absorption rate and volume far exceeding that of conventional fabrics. At the same time, the core shrinkage of composite microfiber short fibers and the splitting of fiber segments together result in a curled and fluffy yarn structure, creating a large number of interconnected pores within the fabric. This not only significantly increases the specific surface area for moisture evaporation but also forms excellent air convection channels, allowing moisture to quickly diffuse and evaporate into the environment, achieving a perfect balance between moisture absorption and quick-drying performance.

[0023] (3) In the preparation of the super absorbent, soft and quick-drying multifunctional fabric of the present invention, the orange-petal structure of the composite microfiber short fiber is completely split, and a single composite microfiber short fiber is split into multiple independent (generally 16-32) microfibers with a single filament fineness of only 0.06-0.27D, accompanied by different shrinkage rates of each component; this splitting and shrinkage occurs under the restricted state of the fabric, causing the single fiber and yarn to produce permanent three-dimensional curling, thereby significantly increasing the porosity between fibers and yarns in the fabric, increasing the overall thickness of the fabric, obtaining a full and durable high-loft structure, and effectively improving wearing comfort.

[0024] (4) In the preparation of the super absorbent, soft and quick-drying multifunctional fabric of the present invention, the splitting and shrinking process of the composite microfiber short fiber is completely placed after the fabric is formed, and the split orange segment fiber is firmly locked in the deep part of the yarn structure to form a dense, curled and mutually enclosed internal structure, which greatly inhibits the fiber end from sliding out of the fabric surface and effectively improves the anti-pilling performance of the fabric; at the same time, the fabric composition contains 35%-60% natural fiber or hygroscopic artificial fiber, which has a good moisture regain rate and can dissipate the charge in time, thereby inhibiting the static electricity of the fabric.

[0025] (5) The super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric of the present invention has significantly better water absorption, softness, velvet feel, fluffiness, and quick-drying performance than pure natural fiber fabrics, ordinary chemical fiber pure spinning and blended fabrics; and by adding various functional materials to the inside during the short fiber manufacturing process, it is possible to obtain various properties such as warmth retention and heat generation, moisture absorption and quick drying, antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties, high strength and temperature resistance, flame retardancy and insulation, UV resistance, coolness and heat sensation, etc., and it has long-term effectiveness, expanding the application field of microfiber, and can be used in home textiles, knitted clothing and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the functional composite ultrafine short fiber used in an embodiment of the present invention; in the figure, the left figure is gear-shaped, the middle figure is orange-segment-shaped, and the right figure is cross-shaped. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of this invention, specific embodiments are now described. It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0028] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a particular order or sequence. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0029] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying, comprising the following steps: spinning (pure spinning or blending), weaving, loose pre-setting, high-temperature fiber opening, high-temperature dyeing, and post-treatment.

[0030] The pure spinning method involves spinning functional composite ultrafine short fibers through ring spinning, air-jet spinning, Siro spinning, or other suitable spinning processes to obtain pure spun yarn with a thickness of 18-80s.

[0031] The functional composite microfiber is a bicomponent or multicomponent fiber, possessing functions such as warmth retention and heat generation, moisture absorption and quick drying, antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties, high strength and temperature resistance, flame retardancy, and insulation. Specifically, it is composed of two or more components selected from polyester, nylon, polypropylene, and polyethylene, and has gear-shaped, orange-segment-shaped, or star-shaped structures. Furthermore, nano-silver ions or volcanic rock nanoparticles can be selectively added to the aforementioned fibers composed of two or more components to enhance fiber functionality. In the functional composite microfiber, one of polyester, nylon, polypropylene, or polyethylene is used as a dividing component, ensuring that the difference in shrinkage rate between the components in the functional composite microfiber is between 12-20%.

[0032] The functional composite microfiber has a length of 28-51 mm and a single fiber fineness of 1-3D. After the fabric is woven and undergoes a fiber-opening process, due to the difference in shrinkage rates among the components, the orange-petal-shaped structure of the fiber completely breaks apart, making each petal an independent unit. This results in a single functional composite microfiber splitting into several fibers with a single fiber fineness not exceeding 0.3D, effectively achieving the blending of microfibers with a single fiber fineness less than 0.5D. Preferably, as... Figure 1 As shown, the functional composite microfiber is composed of polyester and nylon, and the cross-sectional structure of the fiber is one of the following: gear-shaped, orange-segment-shaped, or star-shaped; taking the orange-segment shape as an example, the total number of segments formed by the components is 8-16. More preferably, the functional composite microfiber has a length of 38 mm, a single fiber fineness of 2.22D, and is composed of a two-component orange-segment-shaped structure with 16 segments, consisting of polyester and nylon in a weight ratio of 70-80:20-30. After subsequent fiber opening treatment, one functional composite microfiber is split into 16 microfibers (polyester and nylon) with a single fiber fineness in the range of 0.06-0.27D.

[0033] Furthermore, it is preferable to use ring spinning technology to spin functional composite ultrafine short fibers, and the specific steps are as follows: 1) Mixed comb Functional composite ultrafine short fibers are fed into a fiber mixing device and uniformly mixed under the combined action of stirring, shearing and high-pressure airflow. Then, after cleaning and combing treatment, a raw sliver with a basis weight of 5-6 g / m is obtained.

[0034] The stirring and shearing speed is controlled at 950-1150 rpm, the pressure of the high-pressure airflow is 0.3-0.4 MPa, and the residence time of the fiber in the fiber mixing device is 10-15 min.

[0035] 2) Combined strips After the raw strips are processed through a first and second rolling process, cooked strips with a basis weight of 2.5-3.5 g / m and a strip uniformity CV value of <3% are obtained.

[0036] The draft ratio of the first drawing pass is 6-8 times, the roller spacing is 10mm×8mm×12mm, and the output sliver weight is 4-5g / m.

[0037] The draft ratio of the second drawing is controlled to be 5-6 times, the roller spacing is 8mm×6mm×10mm, and the output sliver weight is 3.5-4.0g / m.

[0038] 3) Spinning After the sliver is processed into roving through the roving process, it is then spun into pure yarn with a thickness of 18s-80s through the ring spinning process.

[0039] Among them, the draft ratio of the roving process is controlled to be 6-8 times, the twist coefficient is 50-80, the roving twist is 32-70 twists / meter, and the roving evenness CV value is <4%.

[0040] The draft ratio for the spinning process is controlled to be 15-25 times, and the twist coefficient is 320-420.

[0041] The blending method involves blending functional composite microfiber with natural or synthetic fibers using ring spinning, air-jet spinning, Siro spinning, or other suitable spinning processes. The weight ratio of functional composite microfiber to natural or synthetic fibers is controlled to be 40-65:35-60, resulting in blended yarn with a fineness of 18s-80s.

[0042] The natural fibers used are one of the following: cotton fiber, linen fiber, or protein fiber; cotton fiber includes combed long-staple cotton and combed short-staple cotton. Preferably, the length of combed short-staple cotton is 25-31mm and the fineness of a single fiber is 2.5-3.8D; the length of combed long-staple cotton is 33-37mm and the fineness of a single fiber is 1.2-1.8D.

[0043] The synthetic fiber used is one of the following: modal, bamboo fiber, lyocell, or viscose. Preferably, the viscose fiber has a length of 38 mm and a single fiber fineness of 1.3-1.5D.

[0044] The functional composite microfiber used is produced in the same way as the pure spinning process, and will not be described again here.

[0045] Furthermore, it is preferable to use ring spinning technology to blend composite microfiber staple fibers with natural fibers (or man-made fibers), and the specific steps are as follows: 1) Mixed comb Composite microfiber short fibers and natural fibers (or man-made fibers) are added to a fiber mixing device in a certain proportion. They are mixed evenly under the combined action of stirring, shearing and high-pressure airflow. Then, after cleaning and combing treatment, a sliver with a basis weight of 5-6 g / m is obtained.

[0046] The stirring and shearing speed is controlled at 950-1150 rpm, the pressure of the high-pressure airflow is 0.3-0.4 MPa, and the residence time of the fiber in the fiber mixing device is 10-15 min.

[0047] 2) Combined strips After the raw strips are processed through first, second and third rolling processes, cooked strips with a basis weight of 2.5-4.0 g / m and a strip uniformity CV value of <3% are obtained.

[0048] The draft ratio of the first drawing pass is 6-8 times, the roller spacing is 10mm×8mm×12mm, and the output sliver weight is 4-5g / m.

[0049] The draft ratio of the second drawing is controlled to be 5-6 times, the roller spacing is 8mm×6mm×10mm, and the output sliver weight is 3.5-4.0g / m.

[0050] The draft ratio of the three-stage drawing process is controlled to be 4-5 times, the roller spacing is 6mm×4mm×8mm, and the output sliver weight is 2.9-3.5g / m.

[0051] 3) Spinning After the sliver is processed into roving, it is then spun into fine yarn through ring spinning to obtain blended yarn with a thickness of 18s-80s.

[0052] Among them, the draft ratio of the roving process is controlled to be 6-8 times, the twist coefficient is 65-80, the roving twist is 35-70 twists / meter, and the roving evenness CV value is <4%.

[0053] The draft ratio for the spinning process is controlled to be 15-25 times, and the twist coefficient is 320-420.

[0054] The weaving method involves weaving pure or blended yarns using knitting, machine weaving, or other suitable weaving techniques, according to the final style and purpose of the fabric (such as terry cloth or clothing fabric), to obtain a basis weight of 80-400 g / m². 2 The raw fabric.

[0055] When the thickness of the pure or blended yarn is 18-80s, knitting or weaving is preferred, and the structure can be selected as single plain weave, double rib weave, single terry weave, twill weave, satin weave, or towel weave.

[0056] Preferably, the process flow for woven terry cloth is: warping - beam pulling - sizing - machine modification - machine connection - debugging - weaving. The process flow for knitted garment fabric is: weft-knitted circular knitting - opening and inspection - pre-setting of greige - seam dyeing - opening and spin-drying - finishing and rolling.

[0057] The loose pre-shrunk drying method involves feeding the greige fabric into a loose pre-shrinking dryer, controlling the loose pre-shrunk temperature to 100-160℃ and the loose pre-shrunk time to 40-60s according to the fabric's structure and the fiber ratio of the blended yarns, to obtain the pre-shrunk greige fabric.

[0058] During this process, the internal stress generated during weaving is eliminated by loose pre-forming, stabilizing the fabric size. At the same time, the core of the composite microfiber short fiber in the fabric (shrinkage rate of 40-70%) undergoes preliminary thermal shrinkage under the aforementioned temperature conditions, causing the entire fiber and yarn to shrink slightly and initially opening the orange-petal-shaped structure. Under the aforementioned temperature conditions, the composite microfiber short fiber undergoes preliminary fiber opening, and some weakly bonded fiber petals develop micro-cracks, providing a channel for subsequent alkali reduction fiber opening and facilitating subsequent high-temperature fiber opening.

[0059] The high-temperature fiber opening method involves introducing the pre-shaped greige fabric into the fiber opening device, immersing it in a composite fiber opening bath, controlling the bath ratio at 1:8-10, raising the temperature to 100-102℃ at a heating rate of 1.5-2℃ / min, holding it at this temperature for 35-45 minutes, removing the composite fiber opening bath from the fiber opening device, and then introducing washing water to clean the greige fabric in the fiber opening device to obtain the fiber-opened fabric.

[0060] The composite fiber-opening bath contains: 4-5 g / L sodium hydroxide and 1-1.2 g / L fiber-opening accelerator (surfactant CTAB or penetrant JFC). In the composite fiber-opening bath, sodium hydroxide acts as a catalyst to etch and reduce the fiber mass, inducing the splitting of the orange-petal-shaped structure of the composite microfiber short fibers. The fiber-opening accelerator reduces the surface tension of the solution, allowing the alkaline solution to quickly penetrate to the fiber's internal interface, promoting uniform and gentle fiber opening, and shortening the high-temperature fiber-opening time.

[0061] During this process, taking advantage of the different shrinkage rates and alkali resistance of the components of the composite microfiber short fiber in hot alkaline solution, the orange-petal-shaped structure of the fiber swells and undergoes stress changes, causing the orange-petal-shaped structure to crack and disperse, splitting from one composite microfiber short fiber into several fibers; at the same time, in conjunction with the further shrinkage of the core of the composite microfiber short fiber (or the hollow orange petals shrink and split with each other), a porous, fluffy, and breathable fabric structure is formed.

[0062] The high-temperature dyeing method involves performing one or two high-temperature dyeing processes on the opened fabric according to the final style requirements of the fabric. The high-temperature dyeing temperature is controlled at 120-140℃, and the single dyeing time is 30-40 minutes. After the high-temperature dyeing is completed, the temperature is lowered to 60-80℃ and the color is fixed for 40-50 minutes to obtain the dyed fabric.

[0063] During this process, the composite microfiber short fibers undergo full shrinkage under high-temperature dyeing conditions. After shrinkage, the yarn structure becomes curled, the gaps increase, and it sets, forming a stable and fluffy fabric structure. The orange-petal-shaped structure of the functional composite microfiber short fibers completely breaks apart, and the fibers constituting each petal become independent of each other. A single composite microfiber short fiber splits into several fibers with a single fiber fineness of no more than 0.27D, thereby achieving the blending of microfibers with a single fiber fineness of less than 0.5D. Due to the full shrinkage and opening of the composite microfiber short fibers, the porosity, fluffiness, and breathability of the fabric are further improved, and the fleece feel of the fabric is increased, improving its wearability.

[0064] The post-treatment method involves controlling the drying temperature at 90-110℃ to dry the dyed fabric, controlling the moisture content of the dried fabric to be 14-15%. After drying, the fabric is treated with finishing agents (such as softeners, antistatic agents, moisture-absorbing finishing agents, etc.) and then heat-set at 120-160℃ for 40-60 seconds to obtain a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying, with the characteristics of being super absorbent, fluffy and soft, velvety, breathable, and quick-drying.

[0065] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying, prepared using the aforementioned method; due to the properties of the fibers used in its preparation, it has functions such as warmth retention and heat generation, moisture absorption and quick drying, antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties, high strength and temperature resistance, flame retardancy and insulation.

[0066] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with some specific embodiments.

[0067] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a multifunctional fabric (woven) that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying. The functional composite microfiber used is a two-component orange-petal-shaped polyester-nylon composite microfiber with functions such as warmth retention and heat generation, moisture absorption and quick drying, antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties, high strength and temperature resistance, flame retardancy and insulation. The fiber is 38mm long and has a single fiber fineness of 2D. The dividing component of this polyester-nylon composite microfiber is nylon with a viscosity of 2.7. The fan-shaped area with a large area ratio (i.e., large orange petals) in the orange-petal-shaped structure is made of polyester, and the fan-shaped area with a small area ratio (i.e., small orange petals) is made of nylon. The mass ratio of polyester to nylon in the orange-petal-shaped structure is 80:20, with a total of 16 petals.

[0068] The specific steps of this embodiment are as follows: 1. Pure textiles 1) Mixed comb Functional composite ultrafine short fibers are fed into a fiber mixing device and uniformly mixed under the combined action of stirring, shearing and high-pressure airflow. Then, after cleaning and combing treatment, a raw sliver with a basis weight of 5 g / m is obtained.

[0069] The control speed for stirring and shearing is 1000 rpm, the pressure of the high-pressure airflow is 0.35 MPa, and the residence time of the fiber in the fiber mixing device is 12 min.

[0070] 2) Combined strips After the raw strips are processed through a first and second rolling process, cooked strips with a basis weight of 4.0 g / m and a strip uniformity CV value of 2.9% are obtained.

[0071] The draft ratio of the first drawing pass is 8, the roller spacing is 10mm×8mm×12mm, and the output sliver weight is 5.0g / m.

[0072] The draft ratio of the second drawing is controlled to be 6 times, the roller spacing is 8mm×6mm×10mm, and the output sliver weight is 4.0g / m.

[0073] 3) Spinning After the sliver is processed into roving through the roving process, it is then spun into a ring spinning process to obtain pure spun yarn with a thickness of 18s.

[0074] Among them, the draft ratio of the roving process is controlled to be 6 times, the twist coefficient is 76, the roving twist is 36 twists / meter, and the roving evenness CV value is 3.8%.

[0075] The draft ratio for the spinning process is controlled at 23 times, and the twist coefficient is 382.

[0076] 2. Weaving A 210cm air-jet multi-arm loom was used to weave pure spun yarns using a machine weaving process. The warp yarn was controlled to be a pure spun yarn with a fineness of 18s, the ground warp yarn to be a blended yarn of 18s fineness microfiber / cotton (weight ratio 50:50), and the weft yarn to be a blended yarn of 18s fineness microfiber / cotton (weight ratio 50:50). The reed number was controlled to be 62#, the weft density to be 18 ends / cm, and the finished fabric width to be 190cm, resulting in a fabric with a basis weight of 400g / m². 2 The raw fabric.

[0077] 3. Loose-fitting pre-set type The greige fabric is fed into a loose pre-shrinking dryer. Based on the fabric's structure and the fiber ratio of the blended yarns, the loose pre-shrinking temperature is controlled at 160℃ and the loose pre-shrinking time is 50s to obtain the pre-shrinked greige fabric.

[0078] 4. High-temperature fiber opening The pre-shaped greige fabric is introduced into the fiber opening device and immersed in the composite fiber opening bath. The bath ratio is controlled at 1:9. The temperature is raised to 100℃ at a heating rate of 1.5℃ / min. After holding at this temperature for 40 minutes, the composite fiber opening bath in the fiber opening device is removed. Then, washing water is introduced to clean the greige fabric in the fiber opening device to obtain the fiber-opened fabric.

[0079] The composite fiber-opening bath contains: 4.5 g / L sodium hydroxide and 1 g / L fiber-opening accelerator (surfactant CTAB).

[0080] 5. High temperature dyeing According to the final style requirements of the fabric, the fabric after fiber opening is dyed twice at high temperature. The temperature of the high-temperature dyeing is controlled at 120℃, and the dyeing time for each dyeing is 35 minutes. After the high-temperature dyeing is completed, the temperature is reduced to 70℃ and the color is fixed for 45 minutes to obtain the dyed fabric.

[0081] 6. Post-processing The dyed fabric is dried at a temperature of 95℃, and the moisture content of the dried fabric is controlled at 15%. After drying, the fabric is treated with softener, antistatic agent and moisture-absorbing finishing agent in sequence, and then heat-set at 140℃ for 50 seconds to obtain a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft and quick-drying.

[0082] Testing showed that the super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric prepared in this embodiment has a water absorption rate of 525% and a water absorption time of 5 seconds.

[0083] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a multifunctional fabric (knitted) that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying. The functional composite microfiber used is a bicomponent, orange-petal-shaped polyester-nylon composite microfiber with a length of 38 mm and a single fiber fineness of 2D. The dividing component of this polyester-nylon composite microfiber is nylon with a high shrinkage rate. The fan-shaped areas with a large area proportion (i.e., large orange petals) in the orange-petal structure are made of polyester, while the fan-shaped areas with a small area proportion (i.e., small orange petals) are made of nylon. The mass ratio of polyester to nylon constituting the orange-petal structure is 80:20, resulting in a total of 16 petals. The cotton fiber used is combed long-staple cotton with a length of 37 mm and a single fiber fineness of 1.8D.

[0084] The specific steps of this embodiment are as follows: 1. Blended fabric 1) Mixed comb Functional composite microfiber and combed long-staple cotton are fed into a fiber mixing device at a weight ratio of 50:50. They are mixed evenly under the combined action of stirring, shearing and high-pressure airflow. Then, after cleaning and combing treatment, a sliver with a basis weight of 5.5 g / m is obtained.

[0085] The control speed for stirring and shearing is 1100 rpm, the pressure of the high-pressure airflow is 0.36 MPa, and the residence time of the fiber in the fiber mixing device is 13 min.

[0086] 2) Combined strips After the raw strips are processed through first, second and third rolling processes, cooked strips with a basis weight of 3.3 g / m and a strip uniformity CV value of 2.8% are obtained.

[0087] The draft ratio of the first drawing pass is 7, the roller spacing is 10mm×8mm×12mm, and the output sliver weight is 4.9g / m.

[0088] The draft ratio of the second drawing is controlled to be 6 times, the roller spacing is 8mm×6mm×10mm, and the output sliver weight is 3.8g / m.

[0089] The draft ratio of the three-stage drawing is controlled at 5 times, the roller spacing is 6mm×4mm×8mm, and the output sliver weight is 3.4g / m.

[0090] 3) Spinning After the sliver is processed into roving, it is then spun into fine yarn through ring spinning to obtain a blended yarn with a fineness of 40s.

[0091] Among them, the draft ratio of the roving process is controlled to be 8 times, the twist coefficient is 70, the roving twist is 55 twists / meter, and the roving evenness CV value is 3.6%.

[0092] The draft ratio for the spinning process is controlled at 15 times, and the twist coefficient is 320.

[0093] 2. Weaving The blended yarn was woven using a weft-knitting circular knitting machine (single-sided, 30-inch, 28G) through a knitting process. According to the knitting process flow, a 40s blended yarn and 20D spandex were used to weave spandex jersey fabric; the total number of needles was controlled at 2640, with the 40s blended yarn / yarn length 300mm / 100 needles, and the 20D spandex / yarn length 100mm / 100 needles. The effective width of the finished product was 160cm, and the basis weight was 160g / m². 2 The raw fabric.

[0094] 3. Loose-fitting pre-set type The greige fabric is fed into a loose pre-shrinking dryer. Based on the fabric's structure and the fiber ratio of the blended yarns, the loose pre-shrinking temperature is controlled at 160℃ and the loose pre-shrinking time is 50s to obtain the pre-shrinked greige fabric.

[0095] 4. High-temperature fiber opening The pre-shaped greige fabric is introduced into the fiber opening device and immersed in the composite fiber opening bath. The bath ratio is controlled at 1:9. The temperature is raised to 100℃ at a heating rate of 1.5℃ / min. After holding at this temperature for 40 minutes, the composite fiber opening bath in the fiber opening device is removed. Then, washing water is introduced to clean the greige fabric in the fiber opening device to obtain the fiber-opened fabric.

[0096] The composite fiber-opening bath contains: 4.5 g / L sodium hydroxide and 1 g / L fiber-opening accelerator (penetrating agent JFC).

[0097] 5. High temperature dyeing According to the final style requirements of the fabric, the fabric after fiber opening is dyed twice at high temperature. The temperature of the high-temperature dyeing is controlled at 120℃, and the dyeing time for each dyeing is 35 minutes. After the high-temperature dyeing is completed, the temperature is reduced to 70℃ and the color is fixed for 45 minutes to obtain the dyed fabric.

[0098] 6. Post-processing The dyed fabric is dried at a temperature of 95℃, and the moisture content of the dried fabric is controlled at 15%. After drying, the fabric is treated with softener, antistatic agent and moisture-absorbing finishing agent in sequence, and then heat-set at 140℃ for 50 seconds to obtain a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft and quick-drying.

[0099] Testing showed that the super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric prepared in this embodiment has a water absorption rate of 370% and a water absorption time of 4 seconds.

[0100] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a multifunctional fabric (knitted) that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying. The functional composite microfiber used is a bicomponent, orange-petal-shaped polyester-nylon composite microfiber with a length of 38 mm and a single fiber fineness of 2D. The dividing component of this polyester-nylon composite microfiber is nylon with a high shrinkage rate. The fan-shaped areas with a large area proportion (i.e., large orange petals) in the orange-petal structure are made of polyester, while the fan-shaped areas with a small area proportion (i.e., small orange petals) are made of nylon. The mass ratio of polyester to nylon constituting the orange-petal structure is 80:20, resulting in a total of 16 petals. The synthetic fiber used is viscose fiber with a length of 38 mm and a single fiber fineness of 1.5D.

[0101] The specific steps of this embodiment are as follows: 1. Blended fabric 1) Mixed comb Functional composite microfiber and viscose fiber are added to a fiber mixing device at a weight ratio of 50:50. They are mixed uniformly under the combined action of stirring, shearing and high-pressure airflow. Then, after cleaning and combing treatment, a sliver with a basis weight of 5.4 g / m is obtained.

[0102] The control speed for stirring and shearing is 950 rpm, the pressure of the high-pressure airflow is 0.35 MPa, and the residence time of the fiber in the fiber mixing device is 15 min.

[0103] 2) Combined strips After the raw strips are processed through first, second and third rolling processes, cooked strips with a basis weight of 3.2 g / m and a strip uniformity CV value of 2.9% are obtained.

[0104] The draft ratio of the first pass sliver is 6, the roller spacing is 10mm×8mm×12mm, and the output sliver weight is 4.8g / m.

[0105] The draft ratio of the second drawing is controlled to be 5 times, the roller spacing is 8mm×6mm×10mm, and the output sliver weight is 3.7g / m.

[0106] The draft ratio of the three-stage drawing process is controlled at 4 times, the roller spacing is 6mm×4mm×8mm, and the output sliver weight is 3.3g / m.

[0107] 3) Spinning After the sliver is processed into roving through the roving process, it is then spun into fine yarn through the ring spinning process to obtain a blended yarn with a fineness of 48s.

[0108] Among them, the draft ratio of the roving process is controlled to be 8 times, the twist coefficient is 75, the roving twist is 47 twists / meter, and the roving evenness CV value is 3.8%.

[0109] The draft ratio for the spinning process is controlled at 20 times, and the twist coefficient is 380.

[0110] 2. Weaving The blended yarn was woven using a weft-knitting circular knitting machine (single-sided, 30-inch, 28G) through a knitting process. According to the knitting process flow, a 48s blended yarn and 20D spandex were used to weave spandex jersey fabric; the total number of needles was controlled at 2640, with the 48s blended yarn / yarn length 300mm / 100 needles, and the 20D spandex / yarn length 100mm / 100 needles. The effective width of the finished product was 160cm, and the basis weight was 200g / m². 2 The raw fabric.

[0111] 3. Loose-fitting pre-set type The greige fabric is fed into a loose pre-shrinking dryer. Based on the fabric's structure and the fiber ratio of the blended yarns, the loose pre-shrinking temperature is controlled at 150℃ and the loose pre-shrinking time is 50s to obtain the pre-shrinked greige fabric.

[0112] 4. High-temperature fiber opening The pre-shaped greige fabric is introduced into the fiber opening device and immersed in the composite fiber opening bath. The bath ratio is controlled at 1:8. The temperature is raised to 101℃ at a heating rate of 1.8℃ / min. After holding at this temperature for 35 minutes, the composite fiber opening bath in the fiber opening device is removed. Then, washing water is introduced to clean the greige fabric in the fiber opening device to obtain the fiber-opened fabric.

[0113] The composite fiber-opening bath contains: 4.5 g / L sodium hydroxide and 1 g / L fiber-opening accelerator (surfactant CTAB).

[0114] 5. High temperature dyeing According to the final style requirements of the fabric, the fabric after fiber opening is dyed twice at high temperature. The temperature of the high-temperature dyeing is controlled at 130℃, and the dyeing time for each dyeing is 35 minutes. After the high-temperature dyeing is completed, the temperature is reduced to 65℃ and the color is fixed for 40 minutes to obtain the dyed fabric.

[0115] 6. Post-processing The dyed fabric is dried at a temperature of 90℃, and the moisture content of the dried fabric is controlled at 15%. After drying, the fabric is treated with softener, antistatic agent and moisture-absorbing finishing agent in sequence, and then heat-set at 135℃ for 50 seconds to obtain a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft and quick-drying.

[0116] Testing showed that the super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric prepared in this embodiment has a water absorption rate of 480% and a water absorption time of 4 seconds.

[0117] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages used in this invention are mass percentages.

[0118] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Spinning, weaving, loose pre-setting, high-temperature fiber opening, high-temperature dyeing, and post-treatment; The spinning method involves using at least functional composite ultrafine short fibers as raw materials to spin yarn to obtain yarn with a thickness of 18-80s. The functional composite microfiber is a bicomponent or multicomponent fiber composed of two or more components selected from polyester, nylon, polypropylene, and ethylene; the cross-sectional structure of the functional composite microfiber is one of the following: gear-shaped, orange-segment-shaped, or star-shaped. The weaving method involves using the yarn to weave and obtain a grey fabric. The loose pre-forming method involves loosely pre-forming the fabric to obtain the pre-formed fabric. The high-temperature fiber opening method involves immersing the pre-shaped fabric in a composite fiber opening bath, heating it to 100-102℃, and maintaining the temperature for high-temperature fiber opening. After high-temperature fiber opening, each functional composite ultrafine short fiber in the fabric splits into 8-16 independent ultrafine fibers with a single fiber fineness of 0.06-0.27D, thus obtaining the fiber-opened fabric. The fabric, after being split, is dyed at high temperature and then post-treated to produce a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying.

2. The method for preparing the super-absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shrinkage rate difference between the components in the functional composite ultrafine short fiber used in the spinning process is 12-20%. The functional composite ultrafine short fibers have a length of 28-51 mm and a single fiber fineness of 1-3D.

3. The method for preparing the super-absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional composite ultrafine short fiber used in the spinning process is a bicomponent fiber composed of polyester and nylon; the weight ratio of polyester to nylon is 70-80:20-30. The cross-sectional structure of the functional composite microfiber is orange-petal shaped, which is composed of alternating intervals of polyester and nylon along the circumferential direction.

4. The method for preparing the super-absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the high-temperature fiber opening process, the weight ratio of the pre-shaped greige fabric to the composite fiber opening bath is 1:8-10. The composite fiber-opening bath contains: sodium hydroxide 4-5 g / L and fiber-opening accelerator 1-1.2 g / L; The fiber opening accelerator is either the surfactant CTAB or the penetrant JFC.

5. The method for preparing the super-absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the high-temperature fiber opening process, the heating rate to 100-102℃ is 1.5-2℃ / min; The heat preservation time for high-temperature fiber opening is 35-45 minutes.

6. The method for preparing the super-absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spinning method is one of the following: Functional composite ultrafine short fibers are spun into pure yarn. Blended yarns are obtained by blending functional composite microfibers with natural or synthetic fibers.

7. The method for preparing the super-absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric according to claim 6, characterized in that, The weight ratio of functional composite microfiber to natural or synthetic fiber is controlled to be 40-65:35-60. The natural fiber is one of the following: cotton fiber, linen fiber, or protein fiber; The synthetic fiber is one of the following: Modal, bamboo fiber, Lyocell, or viscose.

8. The method for preparing the super-absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weaving method involves using the yarn for knitting or weaving to obtain a basis weight of 80-400 g / m². 2 raw fabric; The loose pre-forming method involves loosely pre-forming the fabric, controlling the pre-forming temperature to be 100-160℃, and the pre-forming time to be 40-60s, to obtain the pre-formed fabric.

9. The method for preparing the super-absorbent, soft, and quick-drying multifunctional fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature dyeing method involves performing one or two high-temperature dyeing processes on the fabric after fiber opening, controlling the high-temperature dyeing temperature to be 120-140℃; after the high-temperature dyeing is completed, the temperature is lowered to 60-80℃, and the fabric is kept warm and the color is fixed to obtain the dyed fabric. The post-processing method involves drying the dyed fabric to a moisture content of 14-15%, then treating it with a fabric finishing agent, and finally heat-setting it at 120-160℃ to obtain a multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying.

10. A multifunctional fabric that is super absorbent, soft, and quick-drying, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-9.

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