Urban river landscape revetment and construction method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of urban water conservancy technology in water conservancy engineering. Specifically, it proposes a landscape revetment for urban rivers and its construction method. The revetment is a reinforced concrete structure, with the revetments on both sides of the river basically symmetrically distributed. Each revetment includes a vertical arm, a toe plate, and a heel plate. The inner and outer sides of the vertical arm, or the lower part of the wall, are sloped. A concrete base is provided on the outer side of the vertical arm, and the concrete surface above the concrete base is finished with granite. Support beams are spaced apart between the toe plates of the revetments on both sides of the river, and the toe plates are supported by backfill. This invention can effectively reduce the width of the concrete base plate of the revetment structure, effectively reduce the scope of earthwork excavation during river construction, reduce the amount of support work, and has a good landscape effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of urban water conservancy technology in water conservancy engineering, specifically relating to an urban river landscape revetment and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With rapid urban development and increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, many urban waterways are located close to residential areas. During riverbank reconstruction, the excavation area should be minimized to reduce the amount of foundation pit support work. Simultaneously, the river channel and its retaining walls should possess aesthetic appeal to enhance the river's visual attractiveness.

[0003] Currently, conventional cantilever retaining walls typically have an upright outer wall and an inwardly sloping inner wall, with a short toe plate and a wide heel plate. Therefore, during construction, the excavation pit needs to be dug to the inside of the heel plate, resulting in a large excavation area. If slope excavation is not feasible, retaining measures are required, leading to high costs, significant impact on existing structures on the bank, and high construction risks. Furthermore, upright concrete retaining walls offer poor aesthetic appeal and fail to meet the needs of modern urban landscapes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an urban river landscape revetment and its construction method, which can effectively reduce the width of the concrete base plate of the revetment structure, effectively reduce the range of earthwork excavation during river construction, reduce the amount of support work, and effectively enhance the landscape aesthetics of the river revetment.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a landscape revetment for urban river channels, the revetment being a reinforced concrete structure, each side of the revetment including a vertical arm, a toe plate and a heel plate, at least one side of the vertical arm or the lower part of the wall having an inner and outer slope, a concrete base being provided on the outer side of the vertical arm, the concrete surface above the concrete base being finished with granite, and a bracing beam being provided between the toe plates of the revetment on both sides of the river channel, with soil filling ballast above the toe plates.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the inner and outer sides of the wall surface, which is more than 2 / 3 of the height of the entire or lower part of the support arm, are sloped, and the slope of the inner and outer slopes is 1:0.25 to 1:0.35.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the concrete base is located at the designed low water level of the river channel, and is set perpendicular to the concrete surface of the support arm. The width of the concrete base is the same as the thickness of the granite veneer, and the bottom of the granite veneer is located on the upper side of the concrete base.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the spacing between the support beams is 300–400 cm.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, when the length of the supporting beam exceeds 10m, a longitudinal connecting beam is provided between adjacent supporting beams, and the two ends of the supporting beam are cast integrally with the toe plate.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, the bottom plate of the revetment adopts a design of long toe plate and short heel plate. The length of the toe plate extending beyond the vertical arm is 0.35 to 0.45 times the height of the vertical arm, and the distance of the heel plate extending beyond the inner wall of the top of the vertical arm is 10 to 20 cm.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the top elevation of the backfill ballast above the toe plate is below the low water level of the river channel, and aquatic plants are planted on the backfill surface.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, drainage holes are arranged at equal intervals on the vertical arm. The drainage holes are inclined, with the bottom of the hole near the soil side higher than the normal water level and the top of the hole near the water level lower than the normal water level. A filter body is installed at the end of the drainage hole near the soil side, and the filter body is composed of graded crushed stone wrapped with geotextile.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, two to three layers of geogrid are horizontally laid in the backfill soil behind the wall on the inner side of the support arm.

[0014] This invention also provides a construction method for urban river landscape revetment, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Foundation Excavation: Symmetrically excavate the bank protection foundation on both sides of the river channel, and excavate the support beam trench in the river channel to form the bottom slab foundation pit for pouring the toe slab, heel slab and support beam. Step 2: Tie the bottom slab reinforcement and erect the bottom slab formwork: Tie the reinforcement of the toe slab, heel slab and supporting beams in the bottom slab foundation pit, and erect the formwork; Step 3: Pour concrete for the base slab: Pour concrete in the foundation pit to form the toe slab, heel slab and bracing beams. The two ends of the bracing beams are poured as a whole with the toe slab. Step 4: Tie the reinforcement bars of the vertical arm and support the formwork of the vertical arm: Tie the reinforcement bars of the vertical arm on the toe plate and heel plate, and support the formwork of the vertical arm so that the inner and outer sides of the entire vertical arm or most of the lower wall surface are sloped. Step 5: Pouring concrete for the vertical arm: Before pouring, first install the drainage pipes corresponding to the drainage holes, then pour concrete inside the vertical arm formwork to form the vertical arm, and simultaneously pour the concrete base at the low water level of the river channel on the outer wall of the vertical arm. Step 6, Backfilling and Ballasting Behind the Wall: Backfill ballasting is carried out above the toe slab so that the top elevation of the backfill ballasting is below the low water level of the river channel; backfilling is carried out simultaneously behind the wall, with geogrids laid and filter bodies buried during backfilling, and the backfilling is carried out to the top of the filter bodies, which is higher than the normal water level of the river channel. Step 7: Apply granite veneer: Lay granite veneer on the outer concrete surface of the support arm above the concrete base; Step 8: Plant aquatic plants on the surface of the fill soil, and then immediately fill the river channel with water; Step 9: Fill the backfill soil behind the wall to the design elevation and continue with the subsequent construction work.

[0015] The present invention provides an urban river landscape bank protection system and its construction method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The overall design of the support arm adopts a sloping shape, which reduces earth pressure load and enhances the overturning resistance of the retaining wall. This effectively reduces the thickness of the concrete support arm and the width of the concrete base slabs (toe and heel slabs) of the revetment structure. Simultaneously, the smaller heel slab width effectively reduces the scope of earthwork excavation during river construction, thus reducing the amount of support work required. Overall, this invention can significantly reduce the engineering costs of urban river revetment and provides excellent landscape effects.

[0016] 2. The concrete bracing beams installed between the two revetments mainly solve the problem of anti-sliding stability and improve the revetment's anti-overturning capacity; the soil backfill ballast above the toe slab further increases the revetment's anti-sliding and anti-overturning stability.

[0017] 3. The outer side of the support arm is finished with granite, and aquatic plants are planted on the top of the toe plate, giving the revetment a good landscape appearance and meeting the needs of modern urban landscape.

[0018] 4. Compared with conventional cantilever retaining walls, this invention effectively reduces the scope of earthwork excavation during river construction. When the conditions for slope excavation are not met, it can reduce the amount of foundation pit support work, reduce project costs, reduce the impact on existing buildings on the bank, and reduce project construction risks.

[0019] 5. Drainage holes can reduce the water level difference between the front and back of the wall, and reduce the cross-sectional size of the revetment; the filter body can filter soil and drain water, avoid hollowing out the backfill soil behind the wall, and ensure the long-term stability of the revetment; geogrid can effectively reduce soil sliding force. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate the invention and constitute a part of this invention, do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This invention provides a cross-sectional view of an urban river landscape revetment. Figure 2 This invention provides a plan view of an urban river landscape revetment. In the diagram: 1. Vertical arm; 2. Toe plate; 3. Heel plate; 4. Concrete base; 5. Granite veneer; 6. Support beam; 7. Backfill; 8. Aquatic plants; 9. Drainage hole; 10. Filter body; 11. Geogrid. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Example 1: A type of urban riverbank revetment, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the revetment is a reinforced concrete structure. Each revetment includes a vertical arm, a toe plate, and a heel plate. At least one side of the revetment has an inner and outer slope of the entire vertical arm or the lower part of the wall. In the preferred embodiment, the revetments on both sides of the river are symmetrically or substantially symmetrically distributed. The inner and outer slopes of the vertical arms on both sides are set as slopes. A concrete base is provided on the outer side of the vertical arm. The concrete surface above the concrete base is finished with granite. Support beams are provided between the toe plates of the revetments on both sides of the river. The toe plates are filled with soil for ballast.

[0023] In this embodiment, the inner and outer sides of the entire or lower part of the wall, which is more than 2 / 3 of the height, are sloped. The slope of the inner and outer slopes is 1:0.25 to 1:0.35. This slope setting can effectively ensure the stability of the granite veneer and has a good landscape visual effect.

[0024] The design of sloping inner and outer sides of the support arm reduces the soil pressure load behind the wall, which can effectively reduce the thickness of the concrete support arm and the width of the concrete base plate (toe plate and heel plate) of the revetment structure, thereby saving the amount of engineering materials used.

[0025] The concrete base is set at the designed low water level of the river channel. The concrete base is set perpendicular to the concrete surface of the vertical arm, and its width is the same as the thickness of the granite veneer. The bottom of the granite veneer is set on the upper side of the concrete base.

[0026] The concrete base works in conjunction with the granite veneer. The concrete base provides a stable support for the granite veneer, ensuring its secure installation in areas above low water levels. At the same time, the granite veneer has a good landscape effect, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the revetment.

[0027] In this embodiment, the support beam is 40cm×40cm in size, and the spacing between the support beams is 300-400cm, which is determined based on the anti-sliding stability calculation results of the revetment. During the calculation, the support beams are applied as horizontal resistance to the bottom plate of the revetment.

[0028] When the length of the bracing beam exceeds 10m, a longitudinal connecting beam is set between adjacent bracing beams, and the two ends of the bracing beam are cast integrally with the toe slab.

[0029] Installing bracing beams between the revetments on both sides of the river channel can effectively solve the problem of anti-sliding stability and improve the overturning safety factor of the revetment. The two ends of the bracing beams are cast integrally with the toe slab, which enhances the overall integrity and stability of the structure.

[0030] The revetment bottom plate adopts a long toe plate and a short heel plate design. The toe plate extends beyond the vertical arm by approximately 0.4 times the height of the vertical arm, and the heel plate extends beyond the inner wall of the top of the vertical arm by 10-20cm. This design ensures the safety and stability of the revetment structure throughout the construction process and after completion. In this embodiment, the heel plate extends beyond the inner wall of the top of the vertical arm by 10cm.

[0031] By adopting a smaller heel plate width, while ensuring the same water surface area of ​​the river channel, the excavation range during river channel construction is effectively reduced compared to conventional cantilever retaining walls, and the amount of support work is also reduced.

[0032] The top elevation of the ballast fill above the toe slab is below the low water level of the river channel, and aquatic plants are planted on the surface of the fill. The ballast fill can increase the anti-sliding and anti-overturning stability of the revetment, while the aquatic plants have a good ecological landscape effect, enhancing the aesthetics and ecological value of the river channel.

[0033] Drainage holes are evenly spaced on the vertical arm, with their height located between the low and normal water levels of the river. A filter body is installed at the soil-facing end of each drainage hole. In this embodiment, the filter body is composed of graded crushed stone wrapped in geotextile. The drainage holes reduce the water level difference between the front and back of the wall, decreasing the cross-sectional size of the revetment and saving investment. The filter body filters soil and drains water, preventing the backfill behind the wall from being hollowed out, ensuring the long-term stability of the revetment. Before pouring the vertical arm, UPVC drainage holes with a diameter of φ50~φ75mm are evenly spaced 1.5~2m on the vertical arm between the low and normal water levels of the river. During backfilling behind the wall, a continuous 400mm diameter filter body, composed of graded crushed stone wrapped in geotextile, is simultaneously installed at the soil-facing end of each drainage hole.

[0034] Preferably, the drainage holes are inclined, with the bottom of the hole on the soil-facing side near the filter body higher than the normal water level, and the top of the hole on the water-facing side lower than the normal water level. The height of the drainage holes is between the low water level and the normal water level of the river. The inclined arrangement of the drainage holes facilitates drainage of the backfill soil behind the wall and prevents backflow.

[0035] A geogrid is horizontally laid within the backfill soil behind the wall, with two to three layers depending on the wall height, which can effectively reduce the sliding force of the soil behind the wall. In this embodiment, two layers are set, with the lower layer placed near the low water level of the river and the upper layer placed slightly above the normal water level of the river, located at the interface between the layers of backfill soil behind the wall.

[0036] Example 2: This embodiment provides a construction method for urban river landscape revetment, including the following steps: Step 1: Foundation Excavation: Symmetrically excavate the revetment foundation on both sides of the river channel. The bottom of the orifice should be higher than the normal water level, while the top of the orifice on the water-facing side should be lower than the normal water level, forming a foundation pit for pouring the toe slab and heel slab. During excavation, strictly control the boundaries of the foundation pit to ensure that the bottom of the foundation pit is flat, providing a good foundation for subsequent reinforcement binding and concrete pouring.

[0037] Step 2: Tie the bottom slab reinforcement and set up the bottom slab formwork: Tie the reinforcement of the toe slab, heel slab and supporting beam in the bottom slab foundation pit, and set up the formwork; the reinforcement tying should be carried out strictly in accordance with the design drawings to ensure that parameters such as reinforcement spacing and protective layer thickness meet the specifications.

[0038] Step 3: Pouring the base slab concrete: Pour concrete into the foundation pit to form the toe slab, heel slab, and bracing beams. Integrate the ends of the bracing beams with the toe slab. The bracing beams are 40cm x 40cm in size, spaced 300-400cm apart, depending on the anti-sliding and anti-overturning stability calculations of the revetment. In the calculations, the bracing beams are applied as horizontal resistance to the base slab of the revetment. When the length exceeds 10m, a longitudinal connecting beam is installed in the middle. The concrete pouring should be continuous and vibrated to ensure the strength and durability of the base slab structure.

[0039] Step 4: Tie the reinforcement bars for the vertical arm and erect the formwork: Tie the reinforcement bars for the vertical arm to the toe slab and heel slab, and erect the formwork for the vertical arm so that the inner and outer sides of the entire vertical arm or most of the lower wall surface are sloped, with a slope of 1:0.25 to 1:0.32. The formwork should be firmly and reliably erected to ensure that it does not deform during concrete pouring.

[0040] Step 5: Pouring Concrete for the Support Arm: Before pouring, first install the drainage pipes corresponding to the drainage holes. Then, pour concrete inside the support arm formwork to form the support arm. Simultaneously, pour the concrete base at the designed low water level of the river channel on the outer wall of the support arm. Drainage holes should be arranged at intervals of 1.5m to 2m between the low water level and the normal water level of the support arm. The support arm concrete should be poured in layers, with each layer not being too thick, ensuring thorough compaction.

[0041] Step 6: Backfilling and Ballasting behind the Wall: Backfill and ballasting are carried out above the toe slab so that the top elevation of the backfill ballast is below the low water level of the river. At the same time, backfilling is carried out behind the wall. During backfilling, geogrids are laid and filter bodies are buried. Backfilling is carried out to the top of the filter bodies, slightly higher than the normal water level of the river.

[0042] Step 7: Install the granite veneer: Lay the granite veneer on the outer concrete surface of the support above the concrete base. The bottom of the granite veneer rests on the concrete base, ensuring a secure and aesthetically pleasing installation.

[0043] Step 8: Plant aquatic plants on the surface of the fill soil. The types of aquatic plants should be selected according to the water depth at normal water levels. Then immediately fill the river channel with water to ensure the stability of the bank protection.

[0044] Step 9: Fill the backfill soil behind the wall to the design elevation and continue with the subsequent construction work.

[0045] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of urban riverbank revetment, characterized in that, The revetment is a reinforced concrete structure. Each revetment includes a vertical arm (1), a toe plate (2), and a heel plate (3). At least one of the vertical arms (1) of the revetment has an inner and outer slope on the entire or lower part of the wall. A concrete base (4) is provided on the outer side of the vertical arm (1). The concrete surface above the concrete base (4) is finished with granite (5). Support beams (6) are provided between the toe plates (2) of the revetment on both sides of the river. The toe plates (2) are ballasted with backfill (7).

2. The urban river landscape revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner and outer sides of the wall surface of the vertical arm (1) exceeding 2 / 3 of its height are sloped, with the slope of the inner and outer slopes being 1:0.25~1:0.

35.

3. The urban river landscape revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concrete base (4) is set at the low water level of the river channel. The concrete base (4) is set perpendicular to the concrete surface of the vertical arm (1). The width is the same as the thickness of the granite veneer (5). The bottom of the granite veneer (5) is set on the upper side of the concrete base (4).

4. The urban river landscape revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the support beams (6) is 300-400cm.

5. The urban river landscape revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the length of the supporting beam (6) exceeds 10m, a longitudinal connecting beam is set between adjacent supporting beams (6), and the two ends of the supporting beam (6) are cast as a whole with the toe plate (2).

6. The urban river landscape revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom plate of the revetment adopts a design of long toe plate and short heel plate. The length of the toe plate (2) beyond the vertical arm (1) is 0.35 to 0.45 times the height of the vertical arm (1), and the distance of the heel plate (3) beyond the inner wall of the top of the vertical arm (1) is 10 to 20 cm.

7. The urban river landscape revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top elevation of the fill (7) above the toe plate (2) is below the low water level of the river channel, and aquatic plants (8) are planted on the surface of the fill (7).

8. The urban river landscape revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Drainage holes (9) are arranged at equal intervals on the vertical arm (1). The drainage holes (9) are set at an angle. The bottom of the hole near the soil side is higher than the normal water level, and the top of the hole near the water side is lower than the normal water level. A filter body (10) is set at the end of the drainage hole (9) near the soil side. The filter body (10) is composed of graded crushed stone wrapped with geotextile.

9. The urban river landscape revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two to three layers of geogrid (11) are laid horizontally in the backfill soil behind the wall on the inner side of the vertical arm (1).

10. A construction method for urban river landscape revetment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Foundation Excavation: The bank protection foundation is excavated symmetrically on both sides of the river channel, and the support beam trench is excavated in the river channel to form the bottom slab foundation pit for pouring the toe slab (2), heel slab (3) and support beam (6), and the concrete cushion layer is poured. Step 2: Tie the bottom slab reinforcement and set up the bottom slab formwork: Tie the reinforcement of the toe slab (2), heel slab (3) and the supporting beam (6) in the bottom slab foundation pit, and set up the formwork; Step 3: Pour concrete into the foundation slab: Pour concrete into the foundation pit to form the toe slab (2), heel slab (3) and bracing beam (6). The two ends of the bracing beam (6) are poured together with the toe slab (2) as a whole. Step 4: Tie the reinforcement bars of the vertical arm and support the formwork of the vertical arm: Tie the reinforcement bars of the vertical arm (1) on the toe plate (2) and the heel plate (3) and support the formwork of the vertical arm (1) so that the inner and outer sides of the entire vertical arm (1) or most of the lower wall are slopes. Step 5: Pouring concrete for the vertical arm: Before pouring, first install the drainage pipe corresponding to the drainage hole (9), pour concrete in the vertical arm formwork to form the vertical arm (1), and simultaneously pour the concrete base (4) at the low water level of the river channel design on the outer wall of the vertical arm (1). Step 6, Backfilling and Ballasting behind the Wall: Ballasting with fill (7) is carried out above the toe slab (2) so that the top elevation of the fill (7) ballast is below the low water level of the river channel; backfilling is carried out simultaneously behind the wall, and geogrid (11) is laid during backfilling, and filter body (10) is buried. Backfilling is carried out to the top of the filter body (9), which is higher than the normal water level of the river channel; Step 7: Install granite veneer: Lay granite veneer (5) on the outer concrete surface of the vertical arm (1) above the concrete base (4); Step 8: Plant aquatic plants (8) on the surface of the fill (7), and then immediately fill the riverbed with water; Step 9: Fill the backfill soil behind the wall to the design elevation and continue with the subsequent construction work.

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