Non-embedded closed wall body for mine and construction method thereof

Abstract

This invention proposes a non-embedded sealed wall for mines and its construction method. The non-embedded sealed wall includes a first wall, a second wall, and a filling layer. The outer periphery of the first wall is tightly attached to the roof, floor, and two sidewalls of the roadway, and the first wall is fixedly connected to the sidewalls of the roadway by anchors. The outer periphery of the second wall is also tightly attached to the roof, floor, and two sidewalls of the roadway, and the second wall is fixedly connected to the sidewalls of the roadway by anchors. The first and second walls are positioned opposite each other and spaced apart, forming a filling cavity between them. The filling layer is formed by filling the filling cavity with filling material, and the filling layer is integrated with the first and second walls. The non-embedded sealed wall of this invention reduces disturbance to the surrounding rock of the roadway, helps maintain the self-stabilizing ability of the surrounding rock, and improves the stability, airtightness, and long-term safety and reliability of the wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a non-embedded sealed wall for mines and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, when installing sealing walls in tunnels, to ensure the stability of the sealing wall, a trenching process is usually carried out on the side of the tunnel, and the wall is embedded in the trench. This trenching and anchoring process involves a large amount of construction work, low efficiency, and high cost, and can also damage the original structure of the tunnel. Traditional tunnel sealing walls, especially in tunnels with inclination, are prone to microscopic separation or uneven stress distribution between the wall, filling layer, and support structure due to the influence of gravity, resulting in poor overall wall integrity and premature failure of some anchoring components due to stress concentration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention provide a non-embedded sealed wall for mines and its construction method, which can improve the stability of the sealed wall and reduce disturbance to the surrounding rock of the roadway.

[0004] One embodiment of the present invention provides a non-embedded sealed wall for mines, comprising: a first wall, a second wall, and a filling layer. The outer periphery of the first wall is closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the roadway, and the first wall is fixedly connected to the side walls of the roadway by anchors. The outer periphery of the second wall is closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the roadway, and the second wall is fixedly connected to the side walls of the roadway by anchors. The first wall and the second wall are opposite to each other and spaced apart, forming a filling cavity between the first wall and the second wall. The filling layer is formed by filling the filling cavity with filling material, and the filling layer is integrated with the first wall and the second wall.

[0005] In some embodiments, the first wall includes a first template, a second template, and a first pouring layer. The first template and the second template are opposite to each other and spaced apart. The outer periphery of the first template and the second template are closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel. A first cavity is formed between the first template and the second template. Concrete is poured into the first cavity to form the first pouring layer. The second wall includes a third formwork, a fourth formwork, and a second pouring layer. The third and fourth formworks are opposite to each other and spaced apart. The outer periphery of the third and fourth formworks is closely attached to the top slab, bottom slab, and two side walls of the tunnel. A second cavity is formed between the third and fourth formworks. Concrete is poured into the second cavity to form the second pouring layer. The filling layer is connected between the second and third formworks.

[0006] In some embodiments, the second template and the third template are respectively fixedly connected to protruding structures on the side facing the filling layer, and the protruding structures and the filling layer interlock with each other.

[0007] In some embodiments, the protruding structure includes at least one of reinforcing ribs, a grid structure, a toothed structure, a T-shaped structure, and a spiked tooth structure.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first template or the second template has a first grouting port for pouring the first cavity, the fourth template has a second grouting port for pouring the second cavity, and the first wall or the second wall has an embedded grouting pipe that communicates with the filling cavity.

[0009] In some embodiments, the anchor is an anchor bolt.

[0010] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a construction method for the above-mentioned non-embedded sealed wall in a mine, comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the thickness of the sealed wall, its location within the tunnel, and the thicknesses of the first and second walls that constitute the sealed wall. S2. Constructing a first wall at a predetermined location in the tunnel: Providing a first shell that constitutes the first wall, the first shell having a first cavity inside; installing the first shell at a predetermined location in the tunnel, with the outer periphery of the first shell tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel; fixing the first wall to the tunnel using multiple anchors, one end of the anchors being inserted into and fixed to the side wall of the tunnel, and the other end of the anchors being inserted into the first cavity; pouring concrete into the first cavity, and forming the first wall after the concrete solidifies; A second wall is constructed at a predetermined location in the tunnel: a second shell constituting the second wall is provided, the second shell having a second cavity; the second shell is installed at the predetermined location in the tunnel, the outer periphery of the second shell being tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel; the second wall is fixed to the tunnel using multiple anchors, one end of the anchors being inserted into the side wall of the tunnel and fixed, and the other end of the anchors being inserted into the second cavity; concrete is poured into the second cavity, and after the concrete solidifies, the second wall is formed; the second wall is spaced apart from the first wall to form a filling cavity; S3. Fill the filling cavity with the filling material.

[0011] In some embodiments, step S2 includes: constructing a first template at a predetermined location in the tunnel, such that the outer periphery of the first template is tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel; driving a plurality of anchors into the two side walls within the design thickness range of the first wall; constructing a second template at a predetermined location in the tunnel, such that the outer periphery of the second template is tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls, and placing the anchors between the first template and the second template, wherein the first template and the second template constitute a first shell; pouring concrete into the first cavity formed between the first template and the second template, and forming the first wall after solidification; Construct a third formwork at a predetermined location in the tunnel, ensuring that the outer perimeter of the third formwork is tightly attached to the top slab, bottom slab, and two side walls of the tunnel. Within the designed thickness range of the second wall, drive several anchors into the two side walls respectively. Construct a fourth formwork at a predetermined location in the tunnel, ensuring that the outer perimeter of the fourth formwork is tightly attached to the top slab, bottom slab, and two side walls, and place the anchors between the third and fourth formworks. The third and fourth formworks constitute the second shell. Pour concrete into the second cavity formed between the third and fourth formworks, and after solidification, form the second wall.

[0012] In some embodiments, in step S2, after the concrete in the first cavity and the second cavity has solidified, the first template and the fourth template located outside the sealed wall are removed.

[0013] In some embodiments, the filler material includes concrete or foamed material. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. in: Figure 1 This is a front view of a non-embedded sealed wall in a mine according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view of plane AA in the middle; Figure 3 for Figure 1 BB section view in the middle; Figure label: 1. Anchors; 2. Second wall; 201. Third formwork; 202. Second pouring layer; 203. Fourth formwork; 3. First wall; 301. First formwork; 302. Second formwork; 303. First pouring layer; 4. Filling layer; 5. Protruding structure. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0016] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a non-embedded sealed wall for mining and its construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] like Figures 1-3As shown, one embodiment of the present invention proposes a non-embedded sealed wall for mines, comprising: a first wall 3, a second wall 2, and a filling layer 4. The outer periphery of the first wall 3 is closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel, and the first wall 3 is fixedly connected to the side walls of the tunnel by anchors 1. The outer periphery of the second wall 2 is closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel, and the second wall 2 is fixedly connected to the side walls of the tunnel by anchors 1. The first wall 3 and the second wall 2 are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart, forming a filling cavity between the first wall 3 and the second wall 2. The filling layer 4 is formed by filling the filling cavity with filling material, and the filling layer 4 is integrated with the first wall 3 and the second wall 2.

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention form a non-embedded sealed wall by setting a first wall 3, a second wall 2 and a filling layer 4, which reduces the disturbance to the surrounding rock of the roadway, helps maintain the self-stabilizing ability of the surrounding rock, and improves the stability, airtightness and long-term safety and reliability of the wall.

[0019] Furthermore, different arrangements of the anchors 1 on the sidewalls of the tunnel can provide support of varying strengths to the sidewalls.

[0020] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first wall 3 includes a first template 301, a second template 302 and a first pouring layer 303. The first template 301 and the second template 302 are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart. The outer periphery of the first template 301 and the second template 302 are closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate and two side walls of the tunnel. A first cavity is formed between the first template 301 and the second template 302. Concrete is poured into the first cavity to form the first pouring layer 303.

[0021] The second wall 2 includes a third template 201, a fourth template 203, and a second pouring layer 202. The third template 201 and the fourth template 203 are opposite to each other and spaced apart. The outer periphery of the third template 201 and the fourth template 203 are closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel. A second cavity is formed between the third template 201 and the fourth template 203. Concrete is poured into the second cavity to form the second pouring layer 202. The filling layer 4 is connected between the second template 302 and the third template 201.

[0022] Furthermore, the first template 301, the second template 302, the third template 201, and the fourth template 203 can be constructed on-site using bricks, or assembled on-site using multiple panels.

[0023] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the second template 302 and the third template 201 are respectively fixedly connected to the protruding structure 5 on the side facing the filling layer 4, and the protruding structure 5 and the filling layer 4 interlock with each other.

[0024] During the pouring process, the filling material fully encapsulates or embeds itself into the protruding structure 5. After the filling material solidifies, the protruding structure 5 locks together with the filling layer 4. The first wall 3, the filling layer 4, and the second wall 2 are mechanically fixed together to form a robust composite structure that can evenly distribute the stress. In inclined tunnels, this composite structure can effectively resist the component of gravity along the inclined direction, preventing slippage or separation between the wall and the filling layer 4. At the same time, the lateral tilting tendency of the concrete itself is also suppressed by the interlocking effect of the protruding structure 5 and the filling layer 4, resulting in superior airtightness and load-bearing capacity.

[0025] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the protruding structure 5 includes at least one of the following: reinforcing ribs, grid structure, toothed structure, T-shaped structure, and spike tooth structure.

[0026] Different protruding structures 5 can provide different overall force distribution. For example, the grid structure can provide a larger contact occlusion area, while the T-shaped structure and spike tooth structure can provide stronger anti-shear occlusion force.

[0027] Furthermore, the tooth-like structures, T-shaped structures, or nail-like structures are arranged in a matrix on the surface of the template.

[0028] Furthermore, the nail-tooth structure includes a cone and a top plate. The thicker end of the cone is fixedly connected to the surface of the template, and the thinner end of the cone is fixedly connected to the top plate. The top plate is disc-shaped, and its outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the thinner end face of the cone.

[0029] Furthermore, the protruding structure 5 can be fixedly connected to the template by fasteners such as bolts and anchors, or the liner with the protruding structure 5 can be fixedly connected to the template by adhesive or fasteners, or the template itself can have the protruding structure 5.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first template 301 or the second template 302 is provided with a first grouting port for pouring the first cavity, and the fourth template 203 is provided with a second grouting port for pouring the second cavity. The first wall 3 or the second wall 2 is embedded with an injection pipe, which is connected to the filling cavity to facilitate filling the filling cavity.

[0031] In some embodiments, the anchor 1 is an anchor bolt.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, another embodiment of the present invention proposes a construction method for the above-mentioned non-embedded sealed wall in a mine, comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the thickness of the sealed wall, its location within the tunnel, and the thicknesses of the first wall 3 and the second wall 2 that constitute the sealed wall. S2. Construct a first wall 3 at a predetermined location in the tunnel: Provide a first shell that constitutes the first wall 3, the first shell having a first cavity inside, install the first shell at a predetermined location in the tunnel, the outer periphery of the first shell being tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate and two side walls of the tunnel; use multiple anchors 1 to fix the first wall 3 to the tunnel, one end of the anchor 1 being inserted into the side wall of the tunnel and fixed, and the other end of the anchor 1 being inserted into the first cavity; pour concrete into the first cavity and cure it, the concrete solidifies to form the first wall 3, the anchors 1 located in the first cavity being embedded in the concrete; A second wall 2 is constructed at a predetermined location in the tunnel: a second shell constituting the second wall 2 is provided, the second shell having a second cavity inside, the second shell is installed at a predetermined location in the tunnel, the outer periphery of the second shell is tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate and two side walls of the tunnel; the second wall 2 is fixed to the tunnel using multiple anchors 1, one end of the anchor 1 is inserted into the side wall of the tunnel and fixed, and the other end of the anchor 1 is inserted into the second cavity; concrete is poured into the second cavity and cured, the concrete solidifies to form the second wall 2, the anchors 1 located in the second cavity are embedded in the concrete, the second wall 2 and the first wall 3 are spaced apart to form a filling cavity; S3. Fill the filling cavity with the filling material.

[0033] The method of this invention can form a non-embedded sealed wall, which reduces disturbance to the surrounding rock of the roadway, helps maintain the self-stabilizing ability of the surrounding rock, and improves the stability, airtightness and long-term safety and reliability of the wall.

[0034] Furthermore, step S1 also includes: preparatory work before construction, specifically including: cleaning the tunnel section where the sealed wall is to be constructed, ensuring that the tunnel outline surface is relatively flat and free of a large amount of loose coal or gravel. Preparing the equipment, tools and materials required for constructing the wall.

[0035] In some embodiments, step S2 includes: constructing a first template 301 at a predetermined location in the tunnel, such that the outer periphery of the first template 301 is tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel; driving a plurality of anchors 1 into the two side walls within the designed thickness range of the first wall 3; constructing a second template 302 at a predetermined location in the tunnel, such that the outer periphery of the second template 302 is tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls, and placing the anchors 1 between the first template 301 and the second template 302, wherein the first template 301 and the second template 302 constitute a first shell; pouring concrete into the first cavity formed between the first template 301 and the second template 302, which solidifies to form the first wall 3; A third formwork 201 is constructed at a predetermined location in the tunnel, with its outer periphery tightly attached to the top slab, bottom slab, and two side walls of the tunnel. Within the designed thickness range of the second wall 2, several anchors 1 are driven into the two side walls respectively. A fourth formwork 203 is constructed at a predetermined location in the tunnel, with its outer periphery tightly attached to the top slab, bottom slab, and two side walls, and the anchors 1 are located between the third formwork 201 and the fourth formwork 203. The third formwork 201 and the fourth formwork 203 constitute the second shell. Concrete is poured into the second cavity formed between the third formwork 201 and the fourth formwork 203, and after solidification, the second wall 2 is formed.

[0036] In some embodiments, in step S2, after the concrete in the first cavity and the second cavity has solidified, the first template 301 and the fourth template 203 located outside the sealed wall are removed, exposing the first pouring layer 303 and the second pouring layer 202.

[0037] In some embodiments, the filler material includes lightweight concrete or foamed material with good flowability.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0039] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0040] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0042] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-embedded sealed wall for mining, characterized in that, include: The first wall is attached to the top plate, bottom plate and two side walls of the tunnel on its outer perimeter. The first wall is fixedly connected to the side walls of the tunnel by anchors. The second wall is closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate and two side walls of the tunnel on its outer periphery. The second wall is fixedly connected to the side walls of the tunnel by the anchors. The first wall and the second wall are opposite to each other and spaced apart. A filling cavity is formed between the first wall and the second wall. A filling layer is formed by filling the filling cavity with a filling material, and the filling layer, the first wall and the second wall are integrated into one unit.

2. The non-embedded sealed wall for mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first wall includes a first template, a second template, and a first pouring layer. The first template and the second template are opposite to each other and spaced apart. The outer periphery of the first template and the second template are closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel. A first cavity is formed between the first template and the second template. Concrete is poured into the first cavity to form the first pouring layer. The second wall includes a third template, a fourth template, and a second pouring layer. The third template and the fourth template are opposite to each other and spaced apart. The outer periphery of the third template and the fourth template are closely attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel. A second cavity is formed between the third template and the fourth template. Concrete is poured into the second cavity to form the second pouring layer. The filling layer is connected between the second template and the third template.

3. The non-embedded sealed wall for mines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second template and the third template are respectively fixedly connected to protruding structures on the side facing the filling layer, and the protruding structures interlock with the filling layer.

4. The non-embedded sealed wall for mines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The protruding structure includes at least one of the following: reinforcing ribs, grid structure, toothed structure, T-shaped structure, and spike tooth structure.

5. The non-embedded sealed wall for mines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first template or the second template has a first grouting port for pouring the first cavity, and the fourth template has a second grouting port for pouring the second cavity. The first wall or the second wall has an embedded grouting pipe, which is connected to the filling cavity.

6. The non-embedded sealed wall for mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor is an anchor bolt.

7. A construction method for a non-embedded sealed wall in a mine according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the thickness of the sealed wall, its location within the tunnel, and the thicknesses of the first and second walls that constitute the sealed wall. S2. Construct the first wall at a predetermined location in the tunnel: Provide a first shell constituting the first wall, the first shell having a first cavity; install the first shell at a predetermined location in the tunnel, the outer periphery of the first shell being tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel; fix the first wall to the tunnel using multiple anchors, one end of each anchor being inserted into and fixed to the side wall of the tunnel, and the other end of each anchor being inserted into the first cavity; pour concrete into the first cavity, and the first wall is formed after the concrete solidifies. The second wall is constructed at a predetermined location in the tunnel: a second shell constituting the second wall is provided, the second shell having a second cavity; the second shell is installed at the predetermined location in the tunnel, the outer periphery of the second shell being tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel; the second wall is fixed to the tunnel using a plurality of anchors, one end of the anchors being inserted into and fixed to the side wall of the tunnel, and the other end of the anchors being inserted into the second cavity; concrete is poured into the second cavity, and after the concrete solidifies, the second wall is formed; the second wall is spaced apart from the first wall to form a filling cavity; S3. Fill the filling cavity with the filling material.

8. The construction method for a non-embedded sealed wall in a mine according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: constructing a first template at a predetermined location in the tunnel, with the outer periphery of the first template tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls of the tunnel; driving a plurality of anchors into the two side walls within the designed thickness range of the first wall; constructing a second template at a predetermined location in the tunnel, with the outer periphery of the second template tightly attached to the top plate, bottom plate, and two side walls, and placing the anchors between the first template and the second template, the first template and the second template constituting the first shell; pouring concrete into the first cavity formed between the first template and the second template, which solidifies to form the first wall; A third template is constructed at a predetermined location in the tunnel, with its outer periphery tightly attached to the top slab, bottom slab, and two sidewalls of the tunnel. Within the designed thickness range of the second wall, several anchors are driven into the two sidewalls respectively. A fourth template is constructed at a predetermined location in the tunnel, with its outer periphery tightly attached to the top slab, bottom slab, and two sidewalls, and the anchors are located between the third and fourth templates. The third and fourth templates constitute the second shell. Concrete is poured into the second cavity formed between the third and fourth templates, and after solidification, the second wall is formed.

9. The construction method for a non-embedded sealed wall in a mine according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, after the concrete in the first cavity and the second cavity has solidified, the first template and the fourth template located outside the sealed wall are removed.

10. The construction method for a non-embedded sealed wall in a mine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The filling material includes concrete or foamed material.

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