Large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated refueling equipment, system and control method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy rail transit equipment technology, providing a large-capacity, high-pressure integrated hydrogen storage and refueling equipment, system, and control method. It includes: a gas replenishment module with a first-stage compressor; a hydrogen refueling module comprising N independent hydrogen refueling skids, N≥2, with the input of each skid connected to the output of the gas replenishment module; each skid includes: a medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group, whose input is connected to the output of the gas replenishment module; a second-stage compressor, whose input is connected to the output of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group; a pre-cooling system whose input is connected to the output of the second-stage compressor; and a hydrogen dispenser, whose input is connected to the output of the pre-cooling system, with the dispenser's output connected to the onboard hydrogen storage system of the receiving equipment; the hydrogen dispensers of the N skids are used for simultaneous parallel refueling. This invention significantly reduces the cost of hydrogen refueling equipment, significantly improves hydrogen utilization, and achieves a balance between high integration and mobility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy rail transit equipment technology, and in particular relates to a large-capacity, high-pressure integrated hydrogen storage and refueling equipment, system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, hydrogen refueling stations serving fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) typically come in two forms: stationary and mobile. A typical 70MPa hydrogen refueling station configuration involves using a long-tube trailer (20MPa) as the hydrogen source, compressing the hydrogen into a 45MPa storage tank via a 45MPa compressor for temporary storage. During refueling, the hydrogen in the 45MPa storage tank is further pressurized to 90MPa by a 90MPa compressor and stored in a 90MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank assembly. Finally, driven by pressure differential, the pre-cooled hydrogen from the 90MPa storage tank assembly is refueled into the onboard 70MPa hydrogen storage tank. When refueling is required for high-capacity users (>500kg per trip), such as high-speed trains, existing solutions typically involve simply scaling up the existing hydrogen refueling station configuration, i.e., increasing the number and volume of 90MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. For example, to meet the refueling needs of a single train refueling, up to 74 90MPa (0.5m³ / cylinder) hydrogen storage cylinders are required.

[0003] The above-mentioned scaled-up hydrogen refueling station solution (Solution 1) has the following serious flaws: 1) Extremely high cost: The 90MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder is expensive, costing about 300,000 yuan per cylinder. The cost of the cylinder alone for 74 hydrogen storage cylinders exceeds 22 million yuan, and the total cost of the entire station is estimated to be as high as 41.2 million yuan. It is extremely uneconomical and difficult to promote commercially.

[0004] 2) Low hydrogen utilization rate: In differential pressure refueling mode, when the pressure of the 90MPa hydrogen storage cylinder in the station drops to about 70MPa and balances with the pressure of the on-board cylinder, a large amount of high-pressure hydrogen remains in the cylinder and cannot be used, resulting in a hydrogen utilization rate of only 30.96%, which is a serious waste of resources.

[0005] 3) High integration difficulty: The total volume of the 74 hydrogen storage cylinders is huge (>37m³), making it difficult to integrate the equipment into a movable skid or container, thus losing the flexibility advantage of mobile hydrogen refueling stations.

[0006] 4) High load on the precooling system: In order to meet the needs of rapid refueling, if multiple nozzles are used for parallel high-flow refueling, the peak power of the precooling system will increase sharply. For example, when refueling with eight nozzles, the peak power of the precooling system exceeds 1500kW, which far exceeds the capacity of conventional refrigeration systems and consumes a lot of energy. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to solve the problem of large-capacity rapid hydrogen refueling for high-speed hydrogen-powered trains, thereby providing a large-capacity, high-pressure integrated hydrogen storage and refueling equipment and its configuration method. Under the strict requirements of hydrogen storage mass ≥600kg, refueling pressure ≥80MPa, pre-cooling temperature ≤-40℃, single refueling ≥500kg and refueling time ≤30min, it can significantly reduce equipment costs, improve hydrogen utilization, and achieve a highly integrated and mobile integrated rapid hydrogen storage and refueling equipment and its configuration method.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention provides a large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated equipment, comprising: A gas replenishment module, the input end of which is used to connect to a hydrogen source, and the gas replenishment module is equipped with a first-stage compressor for pressurizing the input hydrogen to a medium-pressure level; The hydrogen refueling module includes N independent hydrogen refueling skids, where N≥2, and the input end of each hydrogen refueling skid is connected to the output end of the gas replenishment module. Each of the aforementioned hydrogenation skids includes: —The medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group has its input end connected to the output end of the gas replenishment module and is used to store medium-pressure hydrogen gas after being pressurized by the first-stage compressor; —The second-stage compressor, whose input end is connected to the output end of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group, is used to pressurize the medium-pressure hydrogen input from the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group to a high-pressure level; —A precooling system, whose input end is connected to the output end of the second-stage compressor, is used to cool the high-pressure hydrogen gas input from the second-stage compressor to a predetermined low temperature; —The hydrogen refueling machine has its input end connected to the output end of the precooling system, and the output end of the hydrogen refueling machine is used to connect to the on-board hydrogen storage system of the gas receiving equipment; N hydrogen refueling skids are used for simultaneous and parallel refueling.

[0009] Furthermore, the gas replenishment module also includes a gas discharge column, which is used to discharge compressed hydrogen from the hydrogen source and deliver it to the first-stage compressor.

[0010] Furthermore, the first-stage compressor is a 45MPa compressor, used to pressurize the 20MPa-level hydrogen from the hydrogen source to 45MPa; the second-stage compressor is a 90MPa compressor, used to pressurize the 45MPa hydrogen to 90MPa.

[0011] Furthermore, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder assembly is integrated into the upper part of the hydrogen refueling skid, while the second-stage compressor, the precooling system, and the hydrogen refueling machine are integrated into the lower part of the skid.

[0012] Furthermore, the precooling system is a microchannel heat exchanger precooling system.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a central controller, which is communicatively connected to the precooling system and the hydrogen dispenser of each of the hydrogen refueling skids; The central controller is configured as follows: The pressure of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group in each of the hydrogen refueling skids, the initial pressure, initial temperature, current hydrogen mass and designed full hydrogen mass of the on-board hydrogen storage system are collected. The total refueling mass required is calculated based on the initial pressure, initial temperature, current hydrogen mass, and designed full hydrogen storage mass of the on-board hydrogen storage system, and the target refueling time is set. An average flow control strategy is adopted. The total refueling mass is divided by the set target refueling time to obtain the total target refueling flow rate. The total target refueling flow rate is evenly distributed to the refueling nozzles of each hydrogen refueling machine. The individual target refueling flow rate of each hydrogen refueling nozzle is calculated, and the opening of the flow control valve in each hydrogen refueling machine is adjusted by a PID algorithm. The pressure of each medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group is monitored in real time. When the pressure drops to the gas replenishment threshold, the first-stage compressor of the gas replenishment module is started to replenish the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group of the corresponding hydrogen refueling skid. The hydrogen temperature at the inlet of each hydrogen refueling unit is monitored in real time, and the hydrogen temperature is stabilized within the target temperature range by adjusting the power of the precooling system. When the refueling termination conditions are met, a command is sent to the hydrogen refueling machine to stop refueling.

[0014] Furthermore, the refueling termination conditions include: the pressure of any on-board hydrogen storage cylinder reaches 70 MPa, or the actual refueling amount reaches the preset target refueling amount.

[0015] A large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated system is characterized by comprising: Hydrogen source; And the aforementioned large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated equipment.

[0016] Furthermore, the gas replenishment module of the large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated system also includes a gas unloading column, which is used to unload compressed hydrogen from the hydrogen source and deliver it to the first-stage compressor.

[0017] Furthermore, the first-stage compressor is a 45MPa compressor, used to pressurize the 20MPa-level hydrogen from the hydrogen source to 45MPa; the second-stage compressor is a 90MPa compressor, used to pressurize the 45MPa hydrogen to 90MPa.

[0018] A method for controlling the process of large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integration, employing the aforementioned large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integration system, includes the following steps: The pressure of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group in each of the hydrogen refueling skids, the initial pressure, initial temperature, current hydrogen mass and designed full hydrogen mass of the on-board hydrogen storage system are collected. The total refueling mass required is calculated based on the initial pressure, initial temperature, current hydrogen mass, and designed full hydrogen storage mass of the on-board hydrogen storage system, and the target refueling time is set. An average flow control strategy is adopted. The total refueling mass is divided by the set target refueling time to obtain the total target refueling flow rate. The total target refueling flow rate is evenly distributed to the refueling nozzles of each hydrogen refueling machine. The individual target refueling flow rate of each hydrogen refueling nozzle is calculated, and the opening of the flow control valve in each hydrogen refueling machine is adjusted by a PID algorithm. The pressure of each medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group is monitored in real time. When the pressure drops to the gas replenishment threshold, the first-stage compressor of the gas replenishment module is started to replenish the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group of the corresponding hydrogen refueling skid. The hydrogen temperature at the inlet of each hydrogen refueling unit is monitored in real time, and the hydrogen temperature is stabilized within the target temperature range by adjusting the power of the precooling system. When the refueling termination conditions are met, a command is sent to the hydrogen refueling machine to stop refueling.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention provides an feasible technical solution for hydrogen refueling of high-speed trains with large capacity (>500kg per refueling). The solution is simple and low-cost, and achieves large-capacity, high-pressure, and rapid refueling of trains while ensuring mobility. 2. Significantly Reduced Equipment Costs. This invention uses 45MPa hydrogen storage cylinders as the main hydrogen storage unit, replacing a large number of 90MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. The unit price of a 45MPa hydrogen storage cylinder is only one-third of that of a 90MPa cylinder (approximately 100,000 yuan), and the volume of a single cylinder is larger (1m³ vs. 0.5m³), significantly reducing the initial investment cost of the hydrogen storage unit. With the vehicle configuration, this invention saves approximately (74×30)-(40×10)=22.2 million-4 million=18.2 million yuan in costs for hydrogen storage cylinders alone compared to existing solutions. The total station cost is reduced from 41.2 million yuan to 23 million yuan, a reduction of 44%, significantly improving the economic feasibility of the project. 3. Significantly improves hydrogen utilization. This invention employs a 90MPa compressor direct-fill mode, rather than differential pressure refueling. The compressor can compress almost all the hydrogen in the 45MPa hydrogen storage tank to 90MPa (minimum inlet pressure 20MPa) and directly inject it into the on-board tank, completely solving the problem of a large amount of unusable hydrogen remaining in the 90MPa hydrogen storage tank due to pressure balance in differential pressure refueling mode. The hydrogen utilization rate is significantly increased from 30.96% to 42.50%, significantly improving resource utilization efficiency. 4. Achieving a balance between high integration and mobility. This invention adopts a 1+4 modular skid-mounted integration scheme, decomposing the massive hydrogen storage system into four identical, fully functional hydrogen refueling skids. Each skid independently completes the entire process from hydrogen storage, compression, precooling to refueling. One refueling skid (containing 10 45MPa cylinders) can meet the refueling needs of 1 / 4 of a train, while four skids working in parallel can meet the needs of the entire train. The compact layout, with the hydrogen storage cylinders located on the upper part of the skid and the compressor and other components on the lower part, solves the integration challenges posed by large-capacity hydrogen storage, making mobile hydrogen refueling possible. Simultaneously, the modular design facilitates standardized production, rapid deployment, and maintenance. 5. Ensuring optimal overall performance. This invention employs an average flow control strategy. This strategy strictly limits peak flow within national standards, avoiding flow surges during the initial filling process, reducing stress requirements on valves and pipelines, and ensuring a more stable load on the pre-cooling system, thus guaranteeing the safety and compliance of the filling process. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the working scenario of the integrated storage and refueling rapid refueling equipment; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the integrated structure of a skid-mounted hydrogen refueling unit (1 / 4 vehicle); Figure 3 : Collaborative control logic diagram for the filling process. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides an integrated large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling equipment, system, and control method.

[0022] This invention proposes a technical solution centered on a 45MPa hydrogen storage cylinder group and a 90MPa compressor direct charging system, combining full-process simulation optimization with modular skid-mounted integration. The optimized equipment configuration method is as follows: This invention abandons the differential pressure filling mode that relies solely on high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders, and adopts a configuration calculation method based on multi-objective optimization. This method includes: 1) Establish a simulation model: Construct a full-process thermodynamic simulation model based on MATLAB Simscape, including hydrogen storage tank, compressor, valve, pipeline, and precooler, and verify the effectiveness of the model through experimental data; 2) Multi-scheme comparison: The entire filling process of four potential configuration schemes (90MPa bottle filling, 45MPa bottle + compressor direct filling, 90MPa bottle + compressor combination, 45MPa bottle + 90MPa bottle + compressor combination) is simulated to obtain key data such as filling time, final temperature, and filling quality for each scheme; 3) Multi-objective optimization decision-making: With the optimization objectives of lowest cost, meeting the refueling time requirement (≤30min), and highest hydrogen utilization rate, the performance of the four schemes was comprehensively weighed. Scheme 2 (45MPa hydrogen storage cylinder + 90MPa compressor direct charging) was finally determined as the optimal solution.

[0023] (I) Overall Equipment Structure and Working Scenario like Figure 1 As shown, the integrated hydrogen storage and refueling rapid refueling system of the present invention includes a hydrogen source and a large-capacity, high-pressure integrated hydrogen storage and refueling equipment. The hydrogen source is a long-tube trailer. The large-capacity, high-pressure integrated hydrogen storage and refueling equipment includes a gas replenishment module and a hydrogen refueling module, which together serve the onboard hydrogen storage system of the hydrogen-powered high-speed train.

[0024] The gas replenishment module's input is connected to a hydrogen source. The module contains a first-stage compressor and a gas discharge column. A long-tube trailer connects to the gas discharge column interface of the replenishment module via a high-pressure hose, delivering 20MPa-grade hydrogen from the trailer to the replenishment module. The first-stage compressor is a 45MPa compressor, used to pressurize the 20MPa-grade hydrogen from the hydrogen source to 45MPa.

[0025] The hydrogen refueling module consists of four independent hydrogen refueling skids. The input of each skid is connected to the output of the gas replenishment module to replenish hydrogen to each skid.

[0026] Each hydrogen refueling skid is an independent functional unit, comprising a medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group, a second-stage compressor pre-cooling system, and a hydrogen dispenser. The medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group is a 45MPa storage cylinder group, whose input end is connected to the output end of the gas replenishment module, used to store medium-pressure hydrogen gas after being pressurized by the first-stage compressor. The second-stage compressor is a 90MPa compressor, whose input end is connected to the output end of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group, used to pressurize the 45MPa hydrogen gas to 90MPa.

[0027] The input of the precooling system is connected to the output of the second-stage compressor, which cools the high-pressure hydrogen gas input from the second-stage compressor to a predetermined low temperature.

[0028] The input end of the hydrogen refueling machine is connected to the output end of the precooling system, and the output end of the hydrogen refueling machine is connected to the on-board hydrogen storage system of the receiving equipment.

[0029] During refueling, the 45MPa hydrogen gas in each refueling skid is further pressurized to 90MPa by the 90MPa compressor within the skid, and then cooled to below -40℃ by the pre-cooling system. Finally, it is connected to the hydrogen storage cylinder receiving port of the onboard hydrogen storage system on the train through the hydrogen refueling nozzle. The four hydrogen refueling nozzles work simultaneously, each connected to the onboard hydrogen storage unit at a different location on the train, enabling high-flow-rate, short-time parallel rapid refueling.

[0030] This equipment adopts a working mode of centralized gas replenishment, distributed pressurization, and parallel refueling. The gas replenishment module is responsible for continuously replenishing medium-pressure hydrogen to each hydrogen refueling skid. Each hydrogen refueling skid independently completes the entire process from hydrogen storage, pressurization, precooling to refueling, thereby achieving large-capacity, high-pressure, and rapid refueling of the train while ensuring mobility.

[0031] (II) Hydrogen Refueling Skid Integration Solution like Figure 2 As shown, the internal integration scheme of a standard hydrogen refueling skid (i.e., a 1 / 4-car monocoque structure) includes: Skid-mounted enclosure: open structure; 45MPa hydrogen storage cylinder group: 10 cylinders in total, each with a volume of 1m³; 90MPa hydrogen compressor; 70MPa hydrogenation unit; Precooling system: includes microchannel heat exchanger; Chiller unit: It is mounted on a separate skid and placed in a safe area outside the enclosure.

[0032] Connection relationships and layout description: Space arrangement: The 45MPa hydrogen storage cylinder group is integrated in the upper part of the skid-mounted enclosure, making full use of the upper space; the 90MPa compressor, hydrogen dispenser and precooling system are integrated in the lower part of the enclosure, forming a low center of gravity and compact structure.

[0033] Piping connections: The outlet of the hydrogen storage cylinder group is connected to the inlet of the 90MPa compressor via a high-pressure pipeline; the outlet of the 90MPa compressor is connected to the inlet of the precooling system; the outlet of the precooling system is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen dispenser; the hydrogen dispenser is connected to the hydrogen dispensing nozzle via a hydrogen dispensing hose.

[0034] Cooling connection: The chiller unit is connected to the precooling system and the cooling interface of the 90MPa compressor through cooling water pipelines to provide circulating cooling water for the equipment.

[0035] Safety design: All hydrogen-related components, including hydrogen storage tanks, compressors, pipelines, and hydrogen refueling machines, are located in well-ventilated, semi-open areas to facilitate the diffusion of hydrogen in the event of a leak.

[0036] During refueling, 45MPa hydrogen gas flows from the hydrogen storage cylinder group and enters the 90MPa compressor, where it is pressurized to 90MPa. The high-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen gas then enters the pre-cooling system and is cooled to below -40℃. The cooled, low-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen gas then enters the hydrogen refueling machine and is injected into the train's onboard hydrogen storage cylinder through the refueling nozzle. The chiller unit continuously provides cooling for the pre-cooling system and the compressor, ensuring continuous and stable system operation.

[0037] (III) Collaborative Control Methods like Figure 3As shown, the collaborative control logic of the refueling process of the present invention adopts an architecture of centralized decision-making by a central controller and distributed execution. The central controller is communicatively connected to the 90MPa compressor, precooling system and hydrogen refueling machine of each hydrogen refueling skid.

[0038] The specific control steps are as follows: Step 1: System Initialization and Status Acquisition After the system is powered on, the central controller automatically performs the following data acquisition: (1) Read the initial pressure PvO, initial temperature TvO, current hydrogen mass and set target filling amount of the train's on-board hydrogen storage system; (2) Read the pressure Ps_i of the 45MPa hydrogen storage cylinder group inside the i-th hydrogen refueling skid.

[0039] The above parameters are used to determine the current system's refueling capacity, calculate the total refueling flow required, and provide a data basis for subsequent flow allocation and coordinated control.

[0040] Step 2: Target setting and total injection volume calculation Based on the initial state and full hydrogen storage state of the on-board hydrogen storage system (representing the state of charge (SOC) of the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder at 100%, corresponding to a hydrogen density of 40.2 kg / m³), the initial state includes the initial pressure, initial temperature, and current hydrogen mass. Calculate the total refueling mass m_total required for this train and set a target refueling time T_target of ≤30 minutes.

[0041] Step 3: Flow distribution and PID control The central controller adopts an average flow control strategy. The total refueling mass is divided by the set refueling time target to obtain the total target refueling flow rate Q_avg. The total target refueling flow rate is evenly distributed to the refueling guns of the four hydrogen dispensers. The individual target refueling flow rate Q_gun (≤7.2kg / min) of each hydrogen dispenser is calculated. The opening of the flow control valve in the hydrogen dispenser is adjusted through a PID algorithm to maintain the actual flow rate consistent with the target flow rate.

[0042] Step 4: Compressor Co-control During the refueling process, the pressure of the 45MPa hydrogen storage cylinder group in each hydrogen refueling skid is monitored in real time. When the pressure drops to the 20MPa refueling threshold, the system automatically starts the 45MPa compressor of the refueling skid to refuel the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder group, ensuring that the compressor inlet pressure remains stable above 20MPa, thereby maintaining the continuous and efficient operation of the compressor and ensuring that the refueling flow is uninterrupted and does not drop in pressure.

[0043] Step 5: Coordinated Control of the Precooling System The precooling system monitors the hydrogen temperature T_out_i at the hydrogen dispenser inlet in real time. By adjusting the power of the refrigeration unit of the precooling system, it ensures that the hydrogen temperature is stable within the range of -40℃±2℃, which meets the requirements of rapid refueling for low-temperature hydrogen.

[0044] Step 6: Determine if the injection is terminated The system continuously checks whether any of the following termination conditions are met: (1) The pressure of any vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder reaches 70 MPa; (2) Accumulate the refueling mass of each branch and calculate the actual refueling volume m_done. The actual refueling volume m_done reaches the total refueling mass m_total required for this train.

[0045] When the termination conditions are met, the central controller issues a command to safely close all valves, stop the compressor and precooling system, and end the filling process.

[0046] This control method uses target flow rate and target temperature as dual core control variables. It forms a closed-loop control by adjusting the hydrogen refueling flow rate through PID control, maintaining the inlet pressure by starting and stopping the gas supply compressor, and maintaining the outlet temperature by adjusting the refrigeration power, thus ensuring a safe, efficient, and stable refueling process.

[0047] (iv) Preferred embodiments As a specific embodiment, the equipment half-vehicle configuration of the present invention is as follows: Long-tube trailer: 1 20MPa hydrogen transport vehicle.

[0048] Air replenishment module: air unloading column, 45MPa compressor, and 1 set of chiller unit.

[0049] Hydrogenation module: 4 identical hydrogenation skids.

[0050] Hydrogen storage cylinder group: Each hydrogen refueling skid is equipped with 10 seamless steel hydrogen storage cylinders with a pressure of 45MPa and a volume of 1m³, for a total of 40 cylinders.

[0051] Compressor: Each hydrogen refueling skid is equipped with one 90MPa hydrogen compressor with a displacement of ≥3000Nm³ / h (@inlet pressure 25MPa), for a total of 4 units.

[0052] Precooling system: Each hydrogenation skid is equipped with one microchannel heat exchanger precooling system with an outlet temperature of ≤-40℃, for a total of 4 sets.

[0053] Hydrogen refueling machine: Each hydrogen refueling skid is equipped with one 70MPa hydrogen refueling machine with a maximum flow rate of 7.2kg / min per nozzle, for a total of 4 machines.

[0054] With the above configuration, the equipment has a total hydrogen storage capacity of ≥1384kg, can refuel a train with ≥500kg of hydrogen per refueling, a refueling time of ≤30min, a refueling pressure of ≥80MPa, and a pre-cooling temperature of ≤-40℃, fully meeting the high-capacity, rapid hydrogen refueling needs of high-speed trains. The total cost of the station is approximately 23 million yuan, a 44% reduction compared to existing solutions; the hydrogen utilization rate reaches 42.50%.

Claims

1. A large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated equipment, characterized in that, include: A gas replenishment module, the input end of which is used to connect to a hydrogen source, and the gas replenishment module is equipped with a first-stage compressor for pressurizing the input hydrogen to a medium-pressure level; The hydrogen refueling module includes N independent hydrogen refueling skids, where N≥2, and the input end of each hydrogen refueling skid is connected to the output end of the gas replenishment module. Each of the aforementioned hydrogenation skids includes: —The medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group has its input end connected to the output end of the gas replenishment module and is used to store medium-pressure hydrogen gas after being pressurized by the first-stage compressor; —The second-stage compressor, whose input end is connected to the output end of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group, is used to pressurize the medium-pressure hydrogen input from the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group to a high-pressure level; —A precooling system, whose input end is connected to the output end of the second-stage compressor, is used to cool the high-pressure hydrogen gas input from the second-stage compressor to a predetermined low temperature; —The hydrogen refueling machine has its input end connected to the output end of the precooling system, and the output end of the hydrogen refueling machine is used to connect to the on-board hydrogen storage system of the gas receiving equipment; N hydrogen refueling skids are used for simultaneous and parallel refueling.

2. The integrated large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas replenishment module also includes a gas discharge column, which is used to discharge compressed hydrogen from the hydrogen source and deliver it to the first-stage compressor.

3. The integrated large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage compressor is a 45MPa compressor, used to pressurize the 20MPa level hydrogen from the hydrogen source to 45MPa. The second-stage compressor is a 90MPa compressor, used to boost the pressure of 45MPa hydrogen to 90MPa.

4. The large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder assembly is integrated into the upper part of the hydrogen refueling skid, while the second-stage compressor, the precooling system, and the hydrogen refueling machine are integrated into the lower part of the skid.

5. The large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precooling system is a microchannel heat exchanger precooling system.

6. The large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a central controller, which is communicatively connected to the precooling system and the hydrogen dispenser of each of the hydrogen refueling skids; The central controller is configured as follows: The pressure of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group in each of the hydrogen refueling skids, the initial pressure, initial temperature, current hydrogen mass and designed full hydrogen mass of the on-board hydrogen storage system are collected. The total refueling mass required is calculated based on the initial pressure, initial temperature, current hydrogen mass, and designed full hydrogen storage mass of the on-board hydrogen storage system, and the target refueling time is set. An average flow control strategy is adopted, which divides the total refueling mass by the set target refueling time to obtain the total target refueling flow rate. The total target refueling flow rate is then evenly distributed to the refueling nozzles of each hydrogen refueling machine. The individual target refueling flow rate of each refueling nozzle is calculated, and the opening of the flow control valve in each hydrogen refueling machine is adjusted by a PID algorithm. The pressure of each medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group is monitored in real time. When the pressure drops to the gas replenishment threshold, the first-stage compressor of the gas replenishment module is started to replenish the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group of the corresponding hydrogen refueling skid. The hydrogen temperature at the inlet of each hydrogen refueling unit is monitored in real time, and the hydrogen temperature is stabilized within the target temperature range by adjusting the power of the precooling system. When the refueling termination conditions are met, a command is sent to the hydrogen refueling machine to stop refueling.

7. The large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conditions for terminating the refueling process include: the pressure of any on-board hydrogen storage cylinder reaching 70 MPa, or the actual refueling amount reaching the preset target refueling amount.

8. A large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated system, characterized in that, include: Hydrogen source; And the large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated equipment as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. The large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The gas replenishment module of the large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated system includes a gas unloading column, which is used to unload compressed hydrogen from the hydrogen source and deliver it to the first-stage compressor.

10. The large-capacity, high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling integrated system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first-stage compressor is a 45MPa compressor, used to pressurize the 20MPa level hydrogen from the hydrogen source to 45MPa. The second-stage compressor is a 90MPa compressor, used to boost the pressure of 45MPa hydrogen to 90MPa.

11. A method for controlling the integrated large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling process, employing the integrated large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage and refueling system described in claim 8, characterized in that... Including the following steps: The pressure of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group in each of the hydrogen refueling skids, the initial pressure, initial temperature, current hydrogen mass and designed full hydrogen mass of the on-board hydrogen storage system are collected. The total refueling mass required is calculated based on the initial pressure, initial temperature, current hydrogen mass, and designed full hydrogen storage mass of the on-board hydrogen storage system, and the target refueling time is set. An average flow control strategy is adopted. The total refueling mass is divided by the set target refueling time to obtain the total target refueling flow rate. The total target refueling flow rate is evenly distributed to the refueling nozzles of each hydrogen refueling machine. The individual target refueling flow rate of each hydrogen refueling nozzle is calculated, and the opening of the flow control valve in each hydrogen refueling machine is adjusted by a PID algorithm. The pressure of each medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group is monitored in real time. When the pressure drops to the gas replenishment threshold, the first-stage compressor of the gas replenishment module is started to replenish the medium-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder group of the corresponding hydrogen refueling skid. The hydrogen temperature at the inlet of each hydrogen refueling unit is monitored in real time, and the hydrogen temperature is stabilized within the target temperature range by adjusting the power of the precooling system. When the refueling termination conditions are met, a command is sent to the hydrogen refueling machine to stop refueling.

Images