A tunnel structure multi-dimensional deformation precision metering and reference self-correction device

Abstract

This invention discloses a precision measurement and self-calibration device for multi-dimensional deformation of tunnel structures, relating to the field of tunnel settlement measurement technology. It includes a tunnel, a measuring mechanism, an installation mechanism, a fixing rod, and a heat dissipation mechanism. Three sets of measuring mechanisms are fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel, and three sets of installation mechanisms are detachably connected to the tunnel sidewalls. A fixing rod is fixedly connected to the front end of each installation mechanism, and a heat dissipation mechanism is fixedly connected to the front end of the fixing rod. The measuring mechanism, through the deformation or displacement of the heating wire, determines the settlement at different locations within the tunnel, accurately reflecting the tunnel settlement and providing more precise data support for tunnel safety assessment. The installation mechanism, by installing and fixing the adjustment mechanism, allows for flexible adjustment of the position and layout of the adjustment mechanism according to construction progress and specific needs, enabling reuse of the adjustment mechanism, reducing construction costs, and improving resource utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel settlement measurement technology, specifically a precision measurement and self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structures. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel structure settlement measurement generally refers to the construction management measurement carried out on the ground surface to monitor the settlement generated within a certain range of the tunnel axis or to understand the relaxation range of the surrounding rock around the tunnel. Settlement is a destructive phenomenon caused by the displacement of the surrounding rock of underground engineering and the influence of ground factors. Its measurement can provide an important basis for determining the degree and scope of the impact of underground engineering on ground buildings, and it is also an important means to ensure the safety of shallow tunnel construction. Its importance increases as the tunnel burial depth becomes shallower.

[0003] Due to varying settlement patterns in tunnel structures, existing technologies struggle to accurately measure and reflect irregular settlement when it occurs, hindering the provision of precise data for tunnel safety assessments. Furthermore, different construction phases may require different locations and numbers of benchmarks. Traditional methods using fixed benchmarks are ill-suited for flexible adjustments based on construction progress and specific needs, limiting their practicality and reusability, thus increasing construction costs and reducing resource utilization. Finally, as tunnels age, sidewalls may tilt, causing benchmarks to also tilt, making it difficult to accurately measure these benchmarks using current technologies. Adjustments are made to increase measurement errors caused by non-leveling, making it difficult to ensure the consistency of measurement benchmarks and resulting in incomparability of measurement results. This makes it difficult to conduct long-term, systematic monitoring and analysis of tunnel settlement, and some equipment cannot simultaneously detect the tilt of the tunnel sidewalls. During use, dust may accumulate on the surface of the electrothermal sensor, interfering with the sensor measurement. Some equipment uses a single set of rotating fans for dust blowing, which makes it difficult to generate a more stable and regular airflow combination, making it difficult to resist external interference and reducing the dust removal effect. Furthermore, when the rotating fan fails, the existing technology has difficulty maintaining the dust removal function to a certain extent, reducing the reliability of the entire dust blowing system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structures.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: a precision measurement and self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structure is constructed. The device includes a tunnel, three sets of measuring mechanisms are fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel, and three sets of installation mechanisms are detachably connected to the sidewall of the tunnel. A fixing rod is fixedly connected to the front end of the installation mechanism, and a heat dissipation mechanism is fixedly connected to the front end of the fixing rod. The measuring mechanism includes hollow tubes. Three sets of hollow tubes are fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel. A first insulating material layer is fixedly connected to the front end and the center of each hollow tube. The first insulating material layer is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the wiring switch. A first heat insulation layer is fixedly connected to the back of the first insulating material layer. A second insulating material layer is fixedly connected to the back of the first heat insulation layer. The second insulating material layer is connected to the outer wall of the heating wire. A second heat insulation layer is fixedly connected to the back of the second insulating layer.

[0006] Preferably, the installation mechanism includes an installation frame, and three sets of installation frames are detachably connected to the tunnel sidewall. Clamping blocks are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the front end of the installation frame. Rubber blocks are adhesively connected to the clamping surfaces of the clamping blocks. The rubber blocks are in contact with the fixing blocks. The clamping blocks, rubber blocks, and fixing blocks are connected by screw holes. A miniature cylinder is fixedly connected to the center of the front end of the installation frame in contact with the tunnel sidewall. A shock-absorbing pad is fixedly connected to the front push rod of the miniature cylinder. A first moving block is fixedly connected to the front end of the shock-absorbing pad. A first rotating rod is rotatably connected to the left and right ends of the top of the first moving block. An adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected to the front end of the fixing block.

[0007] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes a first mounting box, which is fixedly connected to the front end of the fixed block. A first motor is fixedly connected to the right end of the first mounting box, and a screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the left end of the first motor. A limit rod is fixedly connected to the right end of the first mounting box, and the limit rod passes through the second moving block and is slidably connected to its interior. A first connecting seat is fixedly connected to the top of the second moving block, and the outer wall of the first connecting seat is rotatably connected to the right end of the connecting frame. The left end of the connecting frame is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the first swing rod, and the lower part of the first swing rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first connecting rod. The first connecting rod passes through the second swing rod and is fixedly connected to its interior. The right end of the outer wall of the second swing rod is rotatably connected to the second connecting seat. There are two sets of the second connecting seats, and a second rotating rod is rotatably connected to the lower part of each set of the second connecting seats. A third connecting seat is rotatably connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the second rotating rod. The bottom of the third connecting seat is fixedly connected to the top right end of the mounting shell. A level point is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting shell. The left end of the back of the mounting shell is rotatably connected to an L-shaped rod. A laser rangefinder is fixedly connected to the left end of the first mounting box. The laser rangefinder is electrically connected to an external display screen.

[0008] Preferably, the heat dissipation mechanism includes a second mounting box. The front end of the fixing rod is fixedly connected to the second mounting box. A second motor is fixedly connected to the top of the second mounting box. A U-shaped rotating frame is fixedly connected to the bottom output shaft of the second motor. Sliding rods are slidably connected to the front and rear sides of the bottom left and right ends of the U-shaped rotating frame. The bottom of the sliding rods is magnetically attracted to an electromagnetic block, and the electromagnetic block is electrically connected to an external current output device. Two sets of turntables are slidably connected inside the second mounting box, and the two sets of turntables are arranged vertically. Protruding rods are fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the turntables. A second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper turntable inside the second mounting box. A first rotating fan is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second connecting rod. A third connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower turntable inside the second mounting box. A second rotating fan is fixedly connected to the bottom of the third connecting rod. An installation rod is fixedly connected to the lower left end of the second mounting box. An electric heating sensor is fixedly connected to the right end of the installation rod.

[0009] Preferably, the mounting bracket has four sets of screw holes around the contact surface with the tunnel sidewall, and these screw holes are threadedly connected to external bolts. The bottom of the first rotating rod is rotatably connected to the clamping block, and the screw holes are threadedly connected to external bolts.

[0010] Preferably, the right end of the screw is rotatably connected to the right end inside the first mounting box, and the screw is located in front of the limiting rod. The screw passes through the second moving block and is threadedly connected to its interior.

[0011] Preferably, the back of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the rear end of the first mounting box, and the front end of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the front end of the first mounting box.

[0012] Preferably, the top of the L-shaped rod is fixedly connected to the bottom left end of the first mounting box, and the second rotating rod passes through the bottom of the first mounting box and is slidably connected to its interior.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the U-shaped rotating frame is rotatably connected to the top of the second mounting box, and the outer wall of the protruding rod is in contact with the inner side of the U-shaped rotating frame and the sliding rod.

[0014] Preferably, electromagnetic blocks are fixedly connected to both the left and right ends of the bottom of the lower turntable inside the second mounting box, and the third connecting rod passes through the second connecting rod and is rotatably connected to its interior.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides an improved precision measurement and self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structures, which has the following improvements compared to similar devices: This invention discloses a multi-dimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures. It includes a measurement mechanism that uses the deformation or displacement of heating wires to determine settlement at different locations within the tunnel, accurately reflecting the settlement status and providing more precise data support for tunnel safety assessment. An installation mechanism allows for the installation and fixing of an adjustment mechanism, enabling flexible adjustment of its position and layout according to construction progress and specific needs. This allows for the reuse of the adjustment mechanism, reducing construction costs and improving resource utilization. An adjustment mechanism is also included to level the benchmark, reducing measurement errors caused by non-level benchmarks, ensuring consistency of measurement benchmarks, and making measurement results comparable. This allows for long-term, systematic monitoring and analysis of tunnel settlement. Simultaneously, a laser rangefinder at the left end of the first mounting box indirectly determines the tilt of the tunnel sidewalls. A heat dissipation mechanism is included, using the rotation of a first and second rotating fan to reduce dust interference with the heating sensor measurements and generate a more stable and regular airflow combination. This resists external interference, improves dust removal efficiency, and prevents damage to a single rotating fan, maintaining dust removal function to a certain extent and improving the reliability of the entire dust blowing system. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel's three-dimensional structure according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the measuring mechanism of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the mounting mechanism and heat dissipation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the installation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the installation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the heat dissipation mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] The components include: Tunnel-1, Measuring Mechanism-2, Hollow Tube-21, First Insulation Material Layer-22, Wiring Switch-23, First Heat Insulation Layer-24, Second Insulation Material Layer-25, Heating Wire-26, Second Heat Insulation Layer-27, Installation Mechanism-3, Mounting Frame-31, Clamping Block-32, Rubber Block-33, Fixing Block-34, Screw Hole-35, Miniature Cylinder-36, Shock Absorber-37, First Moving Block-38, First Rotating Rod-39, Adjustment Mechanism-310, First Mounting Box-3101, First Motor-3102, Screw Rod-3103, Limiting Rod-3104, Second Moving Block-3105, First Connecting Seat-3106, Connecting Frame-3 107. First swing rod - 3108. First connecting rod - 3109. Second swing rod - 31010. Second connecting seat - 31011. Second rotating rod - 31012. Third connecting seat - 31013. Mounting shell - 31014. Leveling point - 31015. L-shaped rod - 31016. Fixed rod - 4. Heat dissipation mechanism - 5. Second mounting box - 51. Second motor - 52. U-shaped rotating frame - 53. Sliding rod - 54. Electromagnetic block - 55. Turntable - 56. Protruding rod - 57. Second connecting rod - 58. First rotating fan - 59. Third connecting rod - 510. Second rotating fan - 511. Mounting rod - 512. Electrothermal sensor - 513. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-7 The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The invention is described more specifically in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of the invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The embodiments of this invention will now be described according to its overall structure.

[0021] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-2 The present invention provides a precision measurement and self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structure, comprising a tunnel 1, three sets of measuring mechanisms 2 fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel 1, three sets of installation mechanisms 3 detachably connected to the side wall of the tunnel 1, a fixing rod 4 fixedly connected to the front end of the installation mechanism 3, and a heat dissipation mechanism 5 fixedly connected to the front end of the fixing rod 4.

[0022] The measuring mechanism 2 includes a hollow tube 21. Three sets of hollow tubes 21 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel 1. A first insulating material layer 22 is fixedly connected to the front end and the center of the hollow tube 21. The hollow tube 21 facilitates the installation and fixing of the first insulating material layer 22.

[0023] The first insulating material layer 22 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the wiring switch 23, and the first heat insulation layer 24 is fixedly connected to the back of the first insulating material layer 22. The wiring switch 23 facilitates the control of the heating wire 26.

[0024] The back of the first heat insulation layer 24 is fixedly connected to the second insulation material layer 25, the second insulation material layer 25 is connected to the outer wall of the heating wire 26, and the back of the second insulation layer 25 is fixedly connected to the second heat insulation layer 27.

[0025] The working principle of a precision measurement and self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structures based on Embodiment 1 is as follows: First, when using this device, place it in the work area, and then connect it to an external power source to provide the power required for its operation. Secondly, when tunnel 1 settles, the heating wire 26 will deform or shift, causing a change in its resistance value. The resistance change is then accurately measured by the heating sensor 513 and converted into an electrical signal. This signal is then analyzed by an external signal processing device, which has a built-in database of the correspondence between resistance and settlement. By comparing the real-time measured resistance change data with the pre-stored calibration curve in the database, the specific settlement displacement at the measuring point can be quantitatively calculated. The material and specifications of the heating wire 26 can be selected according to the actual measurement accuracy requirements. The correspondence between the resistance change and the settlement is established through a pre-calibration experiment. Then, the external current is transmitted through the cable to the next set of wiring switches 23, and the above steps are repeated to obtain the settlement situation at different locations of tunnel 1, thereby accurately reflecting the settlement situation of tunnel 1 and providing more accurate data support for the safety assessment of tunnel 1. During the settlement measurement, insulation and heat insulation are provided by the first insulating material layer 22, the second insulating material layer 25, the first heat insulation layer 24, and the second heat insulation layer 27 to prevent the heating wire 26 from affecting the measurement results at other locations.

[0026] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 3-5 The present invention provides a precision measurement and self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structure. Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes: an installation mechanism 3. The installation mechanism 3 includes an installation frame 31. Three sets of installation frames 31 are detachably connected to the side wall of the tunnel 1. Clamping blocks 32 are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the front end of the installation frame 31. The installation frame 31 facilitates the limiting movement of the clamping blocks 32.

[0027] A rubber block 33 is glued to the clamping surface of the clamping block 32. The rubber block 33 is in contact with the fixing block 34. The clamping block 32, the rubber block 33, and the fixing block 34 are threaded together through the screw hole 35. A miniature cylinder 36 is fixedly connected to the front center of the contact surface between the mounting bracket 31 and the side wall of the tunnel 1. The miniature cylinder 36 facilitates the movement of the shock-absorbing pad 37.

[0028] The front push rod of the miniature cylinder 36 is fixedly connected to a shock-absorbing pad 37, and the front end of the shock-absorbing pad 37 is fixedly connected to a first moving block 38. The top left and right ends of the first moving block 38 are rotatably connected to a first rotating rod 39. The shock-absorbing pad 37 helps to reduce the noise generated by the miniature cylinder 36 and the first moving block 38 during the movement.

[0029] The front end of the fixing block 34 is fixedly connected to the adjustment mechanism 310. The mounting bracket 31 has four sets of screw holes around the contact surface with the side wall of the tunnel 1, and these screw holes are threadedly connected to external bolts. The bottom of the first rotating rod 39 is rotatably connected to the clamping block 32, and the screw hole 35 is threadedly connected to external bolts.

[0030] In this embodiment: When the adjustment mechanism 310 needs to be installed and fixed, the workers install the mounting frame 31 on the side wall of tunnel 1 using external bolts. Then, the fixing block 34 is placed at the front end of the mounting frame 31 using the adjustment mechanism 310. The micro cylinder 36 is activated, which drives the shock-absorbing pad 37 to move backward. The shock-absorbing pad 37 drives the first moving block 38 to move backward. The first moving block 38, through its rotational connection with the two sets of first rotating rods 39, drives the two sets of clamping blocks 32 to rotate within the mounting frame 31, so that the distance between the two sets of clamping blocks 32 gradually shortens and becomes parallel to the fixing block 34. Then, according to the thickness between the fixing block 34 and the two sets of clamping blocks 32, rubber blocks 33 are adhered. The rubber blocks 33 serve as clamps for the fixing block 34. The clamp provides greater friction to complete the initial installation of the adjustment mechanism 310. Then, the clamping block 32, rubber block 33, and fixing block 34 are installed using external bolts, thus connecting the clamping block 32, rubber block 33, and fixing block 34. This increases the installation stability of the fixing block 34, thereby fixing the adjustment mechanism 310. This allows for flexible adjustment of the position and layout of the adjustment mechanism 310 according to the construction progress and specific needs, enabling the reuse of the adjustment mechanism 310. At the same time, the clamping cooperation between the clamping block 32 and the rubber block 33 effectively avoids structural damage to the fixing block 34 and the mounting bracket 31 during disassembly, further ensuring the reusability of the adjustment mechanism 310 in multiple disassembly and assembly processes.

[0031] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 6 The present invention provides a precision measurement and self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structures. Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes: an adjustment mechanism 310. The adjustment mechanism 310 includes a first mounting box 3101. The front end of the fixing block 34 is fixedly connected to the first mounting box 3101. The right end of the first mounting box 3101 is fixedly connected to a first motor 3102. The output shaft of the left end of the first motor 3102 is fixedly connected to a screw 3103. The left end of the screw 3103 is provided with an electromagnetic clutch that limits the deflection angle of the mounting shell 31014.

[0032] A limiting rod 3104 is fixedly connected to the right end of the first mounting box 3101. The limiting rod 3104 passes through the second moving block 3105 and is slidably connected to its interior. A first connecting seat 3106 is fixedly connected to the top of the second moving block 3105, which facilitates the movement of the first connecting seat 3106.

[0033] The outer wall of the first connecting seat 3106 is rotatably connected to the right end of the inner wall of the connecting frame 3107. The left end of the inner wall of the connecting frame 3107 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the first swing rod 3108. The lower part of the first swing rod 3108 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first connecting rod 3109. The first swing rod 3108 facilitates the rotation of the first connecting rod 3109.

[0034] The first connecting rod 3109 passes through the second swing rod 31010 and is fixedly connected to its interior. The right end of the outer wall of the second swing rod 31010 is rotatably connected to the second connecting seat 31011. The second connecting seat 31011 is provided in two sets, and the lower part of the two sets of second connecting seats 31011 is rotatably connected to the second rotating rod 31012. The lower part of the outer wall of the second rotating rod 31012 is rotatably connected to the third connecting seat 31013. The second rotating rod 31012 is provided as an electromagnetic block and is electrically connected to the external current output device.

[0035] The bottom of the third connecting seat 31013 is fixedly connected to the top right end of the mounting shell 31014. A level point 31015 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting shell 31014. The left end of the back of the mounting shell 31014 is rotatably connected to the L-shaped rod 31016. A laser rangefinder is fixedly connected to the left end of the first mounting box 3101. The laser rangefinder is electrically connected to an external display screen. The laser rangefinder facilitates the detection of the movement distance of the second moving block 3105.

[0036] The right end of the screw 3103 is rotatably connected to the right end inside the first mounting box 3101, and the screw 3103 is located in front of the limiting rod 3104. The screw 3103 passes through the second moving block 3105 and is threadedly connected to its interior. The back of the first connecting rod 3109 is rotatably connected to the rear end inside the first mounting box 3101. The screw 3103 facilitates the movement of the second moving block 3105.

[0037] The front end of the first connecting rod 3109 is rotatably connected to the front end of the first mounting box 3101, the top of the L-shaped rod 31016 is fixedly connected to the bottom left end of the first mounting box 3101, and the second rotating rod 31012 passes through the bottom of the first mounting box 3101 and is slidably connected to its interior.

[0038] In this embodiment: First, when the sidewall of tunnel 1 tilts, the first motor 3102 is activated. The first motor 3102 drives the screw 3103 to rotate. The screw 3103, through its cooperation with the limit rod 3104, drives the second moving block 3105 to move to the left. The second moving block 3105 drives the first connecting seat 3106 to move to the left. The first connecting seat 3106, through its rotational connection with the connecting frame 3107, drives the connecting frame 3107 to move to the left, and drives the first swing rod 3108 to swing to the left. The first swing rod 3108 drives the first connecting rod 3109 to rotate. The first connecting rod 3109 drives the second swing rod 31010 to swing downward to the left. The second swing rod 31010, through its rotational connection with the second connecting seat 31011, drives the second rotating rod 31012 to move upward within the first mounting box 3101. The second rotating rod 31012 drives the third connecting seat 31013 to move upward. 3. The mounting shell 31014 is driven to rotate at the front end of the L-shaped rod 31016, thereby leveling the mounting shell 31014 and then leveling the benchmark 31015. After leveling, since the second rotating rod 31012 is set as an electromagnetic block, it can magnetically attract the bottom of the first mounting box 3101 when energized. The second rotating rod 31012 is driven to work by the external current output device, so that the second rotating rod 31012 magnetically attracts the bottom of the first mounting box 3101, fixing the moving position of the benchmark 31015, reducing the measurement error caused by the non-levelness of the benchmark 31015, ensuring the consistency of the measurement benchmark, making the measurement results comparable, and conducting long-term and systematic monitoring and analysis of the settlement of tunnel 1. Moreover, during leveling, the deflection drive of the first motor 3102 is controlled by the electromagnetic clutch at the left end of the screw 3103 to achieve the accuracy of the automatic leveling angle of the mounting shell 31014. Second, when leveling work is being carried out, the laser rangefinder at the left end of the first mounting box 3101 is activated. The laser rangefinder judges the moving distance of the second moving block 3105 and transmits the electrical signal to the external display screen. Thus, the tilt adjustment degree of the mounting shell 31014 is indirectly judged based on the moving distance data. Since there is a preset geometric function relationship between the horizontal moving distance of the second moving block 3105 and the rotation angle of the mounting shell 31014, and this geometric function relationship has been pre-stored in the processing module of the external display screen, the external display screen can directly calculate and display the tilt angle value of the tunnel sidewall in real time based on the moving distance measured by the laser rangefinder. Thus, the tilt condition of the tunnel 1 sidewall is indirectly judged based on the tilt adjustment degree of the mounting shell 31014. Third, when it is necessary to measure the settlement of Tunnel 1 again, the staff will place the support frame with the level instrument installed at the bottom of Tunnel 1 and install the leveling rod at the bottom of the leveling point 31015. Then, the level instrument will be aligned with the leveling rod and the reading will be taken. By taking multiple measurements and comparing the changes in elevation at different times, the settlement of Tunnel 1 will be determined.

[0039] Example 4: Please refer to Figure 7 The present invention provides a precision measurement and self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structures. Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes a heat dissipation mechanism 5. The heat dissipation mechanism 5 includes a second mounting box 51. The front end of the fixing rod 4 is fixedly connected to the second mounting box 51. The top of the second mounting box 51 is fixedly connected to a second motor 52. The bottom output shaft of the second motor 52 is fixedly connected to a U-shaped rotating frame 53. The second mounting box 51 facilitates the installation and fixing of the second motor 52.

[0040] Sliding rods 54 are slidably connected to the front and rear sides of the left and right ends of the bottom of the U-shaped rotating frame 53. The bottom of the sliding rods 54 is magnetically attracted to the electromagnetic block 55, and the electromagnetic block 55 is electrically connected to the external current output device. Two sets of turntables 56 are slidably connected inside the second mounting box 51, and the two sets of turntables 56 are arranged vertically. The turntables 56 facilitate the rotation of the second connecting rod 58 and the third connecting rod 510.

[0041] Both ends of the turntable 56 are fixedly connected with protruding rods 57. The bottom of the upper turntable 56 inside the second mounting box 51 is fixedly connected with a second connecting rod 58. The bottom of the second connecting rod 58 is fixedly connected with a first rotating fan 59. The bottom of the lower turntable 56 inside the second mounting box 51 is fixedly connected with a third connecting rod 510. The third connecting rod 510 facilitates the rotation of the second rotating fan 511.

[0042] The bottom of the third connecting rod 510 is fixedly connected to the second rotating fan 511. The lower left end of the second mounting box 51 is fixedly connected to the mounting rod 512. The right end of the mounting rod 512 is fixedly connected to the electric heating sensor 513. The top of the U-shaped rotating frame 53 is rotatably connected to the top of the second mounting box 51. The mounting rod 512 facilitates the installation and fixing of the electric heating sensor 513.

[0043] The outer wall of the protruding rod 57 contacts the inner side of the U-shaped rotating frame 53 and the sliding rod 54. Electromagnetic blocks 55 are fixedly connected to the bottom left and right ends of the turntable 56 inside the second mounting box 51. The third connecting rod 510 passes through the second connecting rod 58 and is rotatably connected to its interior.

[0044] In this embodiment: First, when the thermoelectric sensor 513 is in use, the second motor 52 is started. The second motor 52 drives the U-shaped rotating frame 53 to rotate. The U-shaped rotating frame 53 drives the upper turntable 56 inside the second mounting box 51 to rotate through contact with the protruding rod 57. This causes the turntable 56 to drive the second connecting rod 58 to rotate. The second connecting rod 58 drives the first rotating fan 59 to rotate, and the first rotating fan 59 blows dust off the thermoelectric sensor 513. Secondly, when the second rotating fan 511 needs to be driven to work, the electromagnetic block 55 is driven to work through the external current output device, so that the sliding rod 54 moves downward in the U-shaped rotating frame 53 and is magnetically attracted to the electromagnetic block 55, so that the sliding rod 54 contacts the protruding rod 57. Then the second motor 52 is started, and the second motor 52 drives the U-shaped rotating frame 53 to rotate. The U-shaped rotating frame 53 drives the sliding rod 54 to rotate. The sliding rod 54 drives the lower turntable 56 in the second mounting box 51 to rotate through the protruding rod 57, so that the turntable 56 drives the third connecting rod 510 to rotate. The third connecting rod 510 drives the second rotating fan 511 to rotate, blowing dust off the heating sensor 513, reducing the interference of dust on the measurement of the heating sensor 513. At the same time, the synchronous rotation of the first rotating fan 59 and the second rotating fan 511 generates a more stable and regular airflow combination, resisting external interference and improving the dust removal effect. Also, the first rotating fan 59 and the second rotating fan 511 prevent damage to a single rotating fan, maintain the dust removal function to a certain extent, and improve the reliability of the entire dust blowing system.

[0045] This invention provides an improved multi-dimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures. It includes a measuring mechanism 2 that uses the deformation or displacement of the heating wire 26 to determine the settlement at different locations in tunnel 1, accurately reflecting the settlement status of tunnel 1 and providing more precise data support for tunnel 1 safety assessment. An installation mechanism 3 is included to install and fix the adjustment mechanism 310, allowing for flexible adjustment of the position and layout of the adjustment mechanism 310 according to construction progress and specific needs. This enables the reuse of the adjustment mechanism 310, reducing construction costs and improving resource utilization. The adjustment mechanism 310 also levels the leveling point 31015, reducing the impact of leveling issues. The measurement error caused by the non-horizontal position of point 31015 is addressed to ensure the consistency of the measurement benchmark, making the measurement results comparable. This enables long-term and systematic monitoring and analysis of the settlement of tunnel 1. Simultaneously, the tilt of the tunnel 1 sidewall is indirectly determined by the laser rangefinder at the left end of the first mounting box 3101. A heat dissipation mechanism 5 is installed. Through the rotation of the first rotating fan 59 and the second rotating fan 511, the interference of dust on the measurement of the electrothermal sensor 513 is reduced, and a more stable and regular airflow combination is generated to resist external interference, improve the dust removal effect, and prevent damage to a single rotating fan. To a certain extent, the dust removal function is maintained, and the reliability of the entire dust blowing system is improved.

[0046] The above description shows and illustrates the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Standard parts used in the present invention can be purchased from the market, and irregular parts can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machinery, parts, and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts conventional connection methods in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0047] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A precision measurement and self-calibration device for multidimensional deformation of tunnel structure, comprising a tunnel (1), wherein three sets of measuring mechanisms (2) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel (1), and three sets of installation mechanisms (3) are detachably connected to the side wall of the tunnel (1), wherein a fixing rod (4) is fixedly connected to the front end of the installation mechanism (3), and a heat dissipation mechanism (5) is fixedly connected to the front end of the fixing rod (4). Its features are: The measuring mechanism (2) includes a hollow tube (21). Three sets of hollow tubes (21) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the tunnel (1). A first insulating material layer (22) is fixedly connected to the front end and the center of the hollow tube (21). The first insulating material layer (22) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the wiring switch (23). A first heat insulation layer (24) is fixedly connected to the back of the first insulating material layer (22). A second insulating material layer (25) is fixedly connected to the back of the first heat insulation layer (24). The second insulating material layer (25) is connected to the outer wall of the heating wire (26). A second heat insulation layer (27) is fixedly connected to the back of the second insulating material layer (25).

2. The multidimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation mechanism (3) includes an installation frame (31). Three sets of installation frames (31) are detachably connected to the side wall of the tunnel (1). Clamping blocks (32) are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the front end of the installation frame (31). Rubber blocks (33) are glued to the clamping surface of the clamping blocks (32). The rubber blocks (33) are in contact with the fixing blocks (34). The clamping blocks (32), rubber blocks (33), and fixing blocks (34) are threadedly connected through screw holes (35). A miniature cylinder (36) is fixedly connected to the center of the front end of the contact surface between the installation frame (31) and the side wall of the tunnel (1). A shock-absorbing pad (37) is fixedly connected to the front push rod of the miniature cylinder (36). A first moving block (38) is fixedly connected to the front end of the shock-absorbing pad (37). A first rotating rod (39) is rotatably connected to the left and right ends of the top of the first moving block (38). An adjustment mechanism (310) is fixedly connected to the front end of the fixing block (34).

3. The multidimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism (310) includes a first mounting box (3101). The front end of the fixing block (34) is fixedly connected to the first mounting box (3101). The right end of the first mounting box (3101) is fixedly connected to a first motor (3102). The output shaft of the left end of the first motor (3102) is fixedly connected to a screw (3103). The right end of the first mounting box (3101) is fixedly connected to a limit rod (3104). The limit rod (3104) passes through the second moving block (3105) and is slidably connected to its interior. The top of the second moving block (3105) is fixedly connected to a first connecting seat (3106). The outer wall of the first connecting seat (3106) is rotatably connected to the right end of the connecting frame (3107). The left end of the connecting frame (3107) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the first swing rod (3108). The lower part of the first swing rod (3108) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first connecting rod (3109). Next, the first connecting rod (3109) passes through the second swing rod (31010) and is fixedly connected to its interior. The right end of the outer wall of the second swing rod (31010) is rotatably connected to the second connecting seat (31011). The second connecting seat (31011) is provided in two sets, and the lower part of the two sets of second connecting seats (31011) is rotatably connected to the second rotating rod (31012). The lower part of the outer wall of the second rotating rod (31012) is rotatably connected to the third connecting seat (31013). The bottom of the third connecting seat (31013) is fixedly connected to the top right end of the mounting shell (31014). The bottom of the mounting shell (31014) is fixedly connected to the level point (31015). The left end of the back of the mounting shell (31014) is rotatably connected to the L-shaped rod (31016). A laser rangefinder is fixedly connected to the left end of the first mounting box (3101), and the laser rangefinder is electrically connected to the external display screen.

4. The multidimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat dissipation mechanism (5) includes a second mounting box (51). The front end of the fixing rod (4) is fixedly connected to the second mounting box (51). The top of the second mounting box (51) is fixedly connected to a second motor (52). The bottom output shaft of the second motor (52) is fixedly connected to a U-shaped rotating frame (53). The front and rear sides of the left and right ends of the bottom of the U-shaped rotating frame (53) are slidably connected to sliding rods (54). The bottom of the sliding rods (54) is magnetically attracted to the electromagnetic block (55), and the electromagnetic block (55) is electrically connected to the external current output device. Two sets of turntables (56) are slidably connected inside the second mounting box (51), and the two sets of turntables (56) are arranged in an upward direction. The following configuration is provided: both ends of the turntable (56) are fixedly connected with protruding rods (57); the bottom of the upper turntable (56) inside the second mounting box (51) is fixedly connected with a second connecting rod (58); the bottom of the second connecting rod (58) is fixedly connected with a first rotating fan (59); the bottom of the lower turntable (56) inside the second mounting box (51) is fixedly connected with a third connecting rod (510); the bottom of the third connecting rod (510) is fixedly connected with a second rotating fan (511); the lower left end of the second mounting box (51) is fixedly connected with an installation rod (512); the right end of the installation rod (512) is fixedly connected with an electric heating sensor (513).

5. The multidimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (31) has four sets of screw holes around the contact surface with the side wall of the tunnel (1), and the screw holes are threaded to external bolts. The bottom of the first rotating rod (39) is rotatably connected to the clamping block (32), and the screw hole (35) is threaded to external bolts.

6. The multidimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures according to claim 5, characterized in that: The right end of the screw (3103) is rotatably connected to the right end inside the first mounting box (3101), and the screw (3103) is located in front of the limiting rod (3104). The screw (3103) passes through the second moving block (3105) and is threadedly connected to its interior.

7. The multidimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures according to claim 6, characterized in that: The back of the first connecting rod (3109) is rotatably connected to the rear end of the first mounting box (3101), and the front end of the first connecting rod (3109) is rotatably connected to the front end of the first mounting box (3101).

8. The multidimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the L-shaped rod (31016) is fixedly connected to the bottom left end of the first mounting box (3101), and the second rotating rod (31012) passes through the bottom of the first mounting box (3101) and is slidably connected to its interior.

9. The multidimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures according to claim 8, characterized in that: The top of the U-shaped rotating frame (53) is rotatably connected to the top of the second mounting box (51), and the outer wall of the protruding rod (57) is in contact with the inner side of the U-shaped rotating frame (53) and the sliding rod (54).

10. The multidimensional deformation precision measurement and benchmark self-calibration device for tunnel structures according to claim 9, characterized in that: Electromagnetic blocks (55) are fixedly connected to the bottom left and right ends of the turntable (56) inside the second mounting box (51). The third connecting rod (510) passes through the second connecting rod (58) and is rotatably connected to its interior.

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