Surface temperature adjustable model target for (active) safety testing

Abstract

The present invention relates to a model device (100) for testing driver assistance systems in a vehicle. The model device (100) includes a model body (101) and a temperature control device installed in the model body (101), wherein the temperature control device includes at least two temperature control elements. Each temperature control element is installed in a different part of the model body (101) for regulating the temperature of a surface area (201) of the model body (101).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a model apparatus having a temperature-adjustable surface area for testing driver assistance systems in vehicles. Furthermore, this invention relates to a method for testing driver assistance systems in vehicles using the aforementioned temperature-adjustable model apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Active safety testing is a crucial component of the development of driver assistance systems in modern vehicles, designed to prevent accidents. Many safety requirements are mandatory for new vehicles. For example, the next generation of driver assistance systems must be able to avoid accidents in increasingly sophisticated traffic scenarios.

[0003] Many characteristics of the test model become crucial for the information acquired by the vehicle's sensors, which in turn allow the vehicle's built-in active safety systems to take action to prevent accidents. The fact that every object radiates specific amounts of energy, such as the thermal radiation from a human body or the radar reflection from vehicle components, is a parameter that active safety systems use to identify road users and alter vehicle behavior.

[0004] Therefore, it is difficult to simulate real traffic scenarios because vehicle models or human models have different radiation characteristics (e.g., radar reflection or thermal radiation) compared to real vehicles or human bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] It may be necessary to provide a dummy model of the vehicle or human body that includes radiation characteristics more consistent with those of a real vehicle or human body.

[0006] This need can be met by the model apparatus for testing driver assistance systems in vehicles using the model apparatus, and the method for testing driver assistance systems in vehicles using the model apparatus, as claimed in the independent claims.

[0007] According to a first aspect, a model apparatus for testing a driver assistance system in a vehicle is described. The model apparatus includes a model body and a temperature control (i.e., temperature regulation) device installed within the model body. The temperature control device includes at least two temperature control (i.e., temperature regulation) elements, wherein each temperature control element is installed in a different part of the model body for individually and separately regulating the temperature of different surface areas of the model body.

[0008] According to another aspect, a method for testing a driver assistance system in a vehicle using the aforementioned model apparatus is proposed. This method includes adjusting the temperature of a surface area of ​​the model body using at least one dual-temperature control element.

[0009] According to another aspect, a model apparatus for testing a driver assistance system in a vehicle is described. The model apparatus includes a model body and an infrared radiation device mounted in the model body, wherein the infrared radiation device includes at least one infrared emitting element configured to simulate the temperature distribution of a surface region of the model body by generating infrared radiation, which indicates the temperature distribution measured by an infrared sensor of the driver assistance system under test.

[0010] Driver assistance systems can specifically include various specific sensors to receive measured parameters that provide sufficient data to determine and calculate traffic conditions in the environment of the vehicle under test. For example, driver assistance systems include radar sensors and temperature sensors to measure and classify relevant traffic participants and the vehicle environment. For instance, the specific measured temperature and specific temperature distribution of objects in the environment of the vehicle under test can indicate, for example, a car, motorcycle, or person. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a model device that includes similar characteristics of specific radiation (e.g., reflected radar waves or temperature radiation) that are identical or at least very similar to corresponding real objects (e.g., cars or people) in the vehicle environment.

[0011] Model ontologies can simulate the shapes and designs of traffic participants in real-world traffic. Therefore, model ontologies can have the shapes of vehicles, such as cars, bicycles, or motorcycles. Furthermore, model ontologies can have the shapes of living beings, such as humans (adults or children), pets, or wild animals. Alternatively, model ontologies can have the shapes of traffic objects, such as traffic lights or traffic signs.

[0012] The model ontology can also include movable parts, such as limbs (arms, legs) or wheels. Therefore, the model ontology can simulate highly realistic internal motion features, such as leg movements, and match certain motion patterns, such as walking, running, and racing.

[0013] The model body includes an internal support structure, such as a frame, which is covered by a corresponding covering or shell. Multiple functional devices of the model assembly, such as control units or energy units, can be fixed to the support structure. Furthermore, several actuators, such as motors, for controlling and moving movable body parts of the model body are mounted within the model body and fixed to the internal support structure.

[0014] According to the method of the present invention, a temperature control device comprising at least two temperature control elements is used. The temperature control elements are configured to regulate (raise and / or lower) the temperature of a surface region of the model body. The surface region of the model body describes a specific surface portion or the entire surface of the model body, which faces the environment of the model device. In an exemplary embodiment, the surface region may be covered by a protective layer.

[0015] Therefore, the method of the present invention using a temperature control device allows for rapid and precise adjustment of the temperature of surface areas of the model body. Consequently, the corresponding surface areas of the model body can include temperatures and temperature distributions similar to those of a real object simulated by the model body. For example, surface areas simulated by the model body of a car's hood or a specific human body part such as a hand or arm can be adjusted similarly to the real object being simulated. Therefore, since the thermal radiation of the model body is adjusted to resemble the simulated real object, a realistic test scenario for sensors in driver assistance systems can be provided. Thus, the model device according to the present invention provides a test setup for simulating real traffic to test improvements in driver assistance systems.

[0016] Specifically, the temperature control device includes at least two temperature control elements, each installed in a different part of the model body, for regulating the temperature of different surface areas of the model body. These surface areas can be arranged adjacent to and related to each other, or spaced apart from each other. Therefore, the temperature of a wide, overall surface area of ​​the model body can be regulated using resistive temperature control elements.

[0017] According to another method of the invention, for the temperature control device, optionally or additionally, an infrared radiation device may be installed within the model body. The infrared radiation device includes at least one infrared emitting element configured to simulate the temperature distribution of a surface region of the model body by generating infrared radiation, which indicates the temperature distribution measured by an infrared sensor of the driver assistance system under test. The infrared radiation device may include a radiation emitter, such as a diode, that radiates corresponding infrared radiation, which can be measured by a corresponding infrared sensor of the driver assistance system under test. The infrared radiation generated by the infrared radiation device on a specific surface region of the model body indicates the specific thermal radiation of the corresponding surface region of the object to be simulated by the model body.

[0018] According to another exemplary embodiment, each temperature control element can be individually controlled, allowing the temperature of each surface region of the body part to be individually adjusted. For example, if the model body includes a human body shape for simulating a human body, one surface region defines, for example, the head of the human body, and another surface region defines the abdomen of the human body. A real human body radiates radiation of different temperatures in different surface regions. In other words, the head of a human body may be hotter and therefore radiate more temperature radiation than, for example, the feet of a human body. Therefore, by using different temperature control elements, different surface regions of the model body can be temperature-controlled (i.e., heated or cooled) differently, thus radiating different temperature radiation, allowing the model body to more accurately simulate the real object being simulated.

[0019] According to another exemplary embodiment, the temperature control device includes more than 2, 4, 6, 10, or 12 temperature control elements. For example, four to nine temperature control elements, particularly five to seven temperature control elements. Thus, it is outlined that multiple surface areas of the model body can be subjected to different temperature controls from each other by multiple temperature control elements.

[0020] According to another exemplary embodiment, the temperature control device (and the heating temperature control element, respectively) is configured to heat the surface area of ​​the model body to 45°C. In other words, the resistance temperature control device and its corresponding temperature control element specifically heat the surface area to a maximum of 45°C. Specifically, to simulate the human body, since the body temperature does not exceed 45°C, a hotter surface area is not required. However, in an alternative embodiment, if, for example, the surface area of ​​the motor portion of the model body is to be simulated, such as a car, the resistance temperature control element can be designed to heat the surface area to 200°C to 300°C.

[0021] According to another exemplary embodiment, the temperature control element includes a resistance heating element installed within the model body, wherein the resistance heating device includes at least two resistance heating elements configured to regulate the temperature of a surface region of the model body.

[0022] A resistance heating element is a device used to convert electrical energy into heat. The heating element includes a heating resistor, thereby generating heat through a process called Joule heating, in which current flows through the resistor's channels. The heating element transfers heat primarily via radiation. A resistance heating element can be formed from multiple conductive cables, fibers, or plate-like elements, each plate-like element including a corresponding heating resistor to generate heat. Resistance heating elements can be partially made of conductive materials, such as metals or conductive carbon materials. Therefore, the temperature of a surface area can be adjusted very quickly and precisely using a resistance heating element.

[0023] According to another exemplary embodiment, at least one resistance heating element includes conductive fibers for generating heat, wherein the conductive fibers are made of a metallic material or carbon fiber. Fibers of metallic or carbon materials can generate heat rapidly and can be easily adjusted by the applied voltage. Carbon fiber heaters are placed below the surface area of ​​the model body, for example, under the final protective layer of the model body, and distributed in areas requiring thermal performance, such as mannequins or vehicle models, for example, engines, exhaust pipes, brakes, etc.

[0024] According to another exemplary embodiment, the heating element includes a matrix material in which conductive fibers are inserted. The matrix material may be made of an electrically insulating material. Simultaneously, the matrix material may include suitable thermal conductivity. Therefore, the matrix material provides, on the one hand, the capability of a resistance heating element, and on the other hand, provides a good distribution of thermal radiation generated by the fibers for its suitable thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the fibers may be attached to a support strip, which may be fixed to, for example, the surface of a model body.

[0025] According to another exemplary embodiment, fibers form a braided material, particularly a braided sleeve. The braided material can be made solely of fibers, thus it can be very flexible and adaptable to a wide variety of shapes. The braided material can also be impregnated and soaked with a matrix material. Specifically, the braided fibers can form a fiber felt, which forms a flat element.

[0026] The fiber density in resistance heating elements can be 100 g / m³. 2 Up to 700 g / m 2 Especially 200 g / m 2 Up to 400g / m 2 As another example, the heating element specifically comprises 500 to 3500 fiber rovings / m. 2 Specifically, this includes 1000 to 2000 fiber rovings / m 2 Specifically, the resistance heating element has a density of 100 g / m 2 Up to 700 g / m 2 The fiber density, the number of rovings can be 500 to 3500 rovings / m 2 It has 200g / m 2 Up to 400g / m 2 The fiber density, the number of rovings can be 1000 to 2000 rovings / m 2 .

[0027] Furthermore, the braided fibers can form a braided sleeve surrounding the inner sleeve volume. The sleeve volume can be filled by a corresponding body part of the model body, such as an arm or leg of a human body to be heated.

[0028] By providing a woven material, a low fiber density is required to generate sufficient temperature. This reduces the energy required. Furthermore, the lower density reduces the impact on other types of radiation, such as radar reflection, due to the smaller fiber density. For example, resistance heating elements can be transparent to optical sensors because of the lower fiber density.

[0029] According to another exemplary embodiment, the resistance heating element includes a power supply cable extending from the resistance heating element into the interior of the model body. Therefore, the power supply connection cable extends along the support structure within the model body (e.g., in the skeletal region of the model body), rather than extending directly on the surface. Consequently, a larger power supply cable, which may result in unnatural reflective properties, particularly for radar radiation, is guided and traversed through the internal volume of the model body, such that the outer sheath of the model body covers the power supply cable, resulting in a lower radar reflection impact on radar radiation.

[0030] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model apparatus further includes an energy unit for supplying electrical energy to the resistance heating unit, wherein the energy unit is particularly a rechargeable battery unit. Therefore, during the testing process, energy can be obtained from the energy unit for the resistance heating device, allowing the corresponding resistance heating element to be heated during the testing process to adjust the surface area of ​​the model body.

[0031] According to another exemplary embodiment, the energy unit is configured to transmit power with a voltage range between 9 V and 60 V and / or a current range between 20 A and 60 A. Specifically, when using a higher voltage between 50 V and 60 V, lower power loss and higher efficiency can be achieved.

[0032] According to another exemplary embodiment, the energy unit is configured to transmit power in a constant or pulsed manner. For example, transmitting power in a pulsed manner can achieve efficient heating of the resistance heating element. Furthermore, transmitting power in a constant manner can achieve a constant temperature in the surface area of ​​the model body, which can provide a more realistic simulation of the real object to be simulated for the various temperature sensors in the driver assistance system.

[0033] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model device further includes a low-resistance connection contact point arranged between the resistance heating element and the energy unit and / or between two connected resistance heating elements.

[0034] The low-resistance connection element is configured to provide a resistance of less than 1 to 2 Ohms (applied at 24 volts) or 0.5 to 1 Ohm (applied at 48 volts).

[0035] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model device includes an external power connector electrically connected to a resistance heating device, wherein the external power connector is configured to receive power from an external energy source. For example, in the inactive parking position of the model device, the external power connector can be connected to an external power source, such that the heating element heats the surface area before the testing process and the active operating state of the model device, respectively. Thus, in the parking position, the surface area of ​​the model body is heated to a predetermined temperature. Subsequently, the model device is disconnected from the external power source, and the testing process begins. During the testing process, the surface area is slowly cooled or heated by heat energy stored in a heat storage layer. Therefore, with the corresponding model device according to the above exemplary embodiment, it is unnecessary to install an energy source within the model body. Thus, the weight and complexity of the model body can be reduced.

[0036] According to another exemplary embodiment, the external power connector includes a power plug for receiving power from an external energy source. The external power connector may also include an induction coil for providing inductive power transmission. Therefore, in the parking position of the model device, power can be transmitted inductively without the need for a physical plug connector.

[0037] According to another exemplary embodiment, the temperature-controlled element includes a fluid temperature-controlled element. Each of the fluid temperature-controlled elements includes a fluid chamber configured to be flushed by a temperature-controlled fluid, particularly by air, for regulating the temperature of different surface regions of the model body. The fluid temperature-controlled element may include a housing having an internal volume for forming the fluid chamber through which the temperature-controlled fluid can flow. The walls of the housing are heated or cooled by the temperature-controlled fluid. The walls of the housing are in thermal contact with the corresponding surface regions of the model body, allowing heat exchange for controlling the temperature of the corresponding surfaces. The housing may also be made of a flexible material, allowing the fluid temperature-controlled element to be formed as a bellows. The housing includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, allowing the temperature-controlled fluid to be injected into and discharged from the internal volume of the housing.

[0038] Appropriate control valves are provided at the corresponding fluid inlet and / or outlet to control the flow of temperature control fluid into or out of the housing. These control valves can be controlled by a control unit. Therefore, precise temperature regulation can be achieved by adjusting the flow rate of the temperature control fluid.

[0039] The temperature control fluid can be air. However, liquids such as water or oil can also be used to control the temperature of fluid-temperature-controlled components. For example, if the temperature control fluid is used to cool a surface area, a cooling fluid such as tetrafluoroethylene (R134a) can be used. The temperature control fluid can be received from a storage device inside the model body, a storage device inside the platform described below, or from a temporarily connected external storage device. If the temperature control fluid is air, it can be received from the ambient air, and the temperature can be controlled, for example, by a fluid temperature control unit inside the model body or platform described below.

[0040] Fluid temperature-controlled elements (i.e., temperature-regulated elements using fluid) can be used to heat surface areas. Thus, the temperature-controlled fluid can be heated to a temperature higher than the surface area to be heated, and heat is transferred to the surface area via the fluid temperature-controlled element. However, compared to the resistance heating elements described above, fluid temperature-controlled elements can also be used to cool surface areas. This may be necessary if the model body and the surface area are both hotter than the object being simulated. For example, if the model device is exposed to sunlight and therefore too hot (e.g., if the model device is a human body and the surface area is heated to 60°C by sunlight), the surface area can be cooled to, for example, 37°C, similar to human body temperature.

[0041] According to another exemplary embodiment, the temperature control device includes a fluid conduit for connecting fluid temperature-controlled elements (e.g., connecting two fluid temperature-controlled elements together, or connecting a fluid temperature-controlled element to a central fluid supply unit), such that temperature-controlled fluid can be supplied to or from the fluid temperature-controlled elements. The fluid conduit may be formed of a flexible material and may be guided along the model body. Specifically, the fluid conduit may extend along a support structure within the model body (e.g., within the skeletal region of the model body), rather than extending directly on the surface. Therefore, fluid conduits that may result in unnatural reflective properties, particularly radar radiation, are guided and pass through the internal volume of the model body, such that the outer skin of the model body covers the fluid conduit, resulting in a lower radar reflection impact on radar radiation.

[0042] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model apparatus further includes a fluid supply unit, particularly a fluid pump, for supplying temperature-controlled fluid to the fluid temperature-controlled element. The fluid supply unit may be, for example, a blower. Alternatively, the fluid supply unit may be a liquid pump for pumping the liquid temperature-controlled fluid. The fluid supply unit may be controlled by a control unit such that the flow rate of the temperature-controlled fluid can be adjusted by the fluid supply unit according to the required temperature control power.

[0043] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fluid supply unit is installed in the model apparatus. Alternatively, the fluid supply unit may also be installed in the movable platform described below.

[0044] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model apparatus further includes a fluid temperature control unit for controlling the temperature of the temperature-controlled fluid. The fluid temperature control unit includes a heating unit for heating the temperature-controlled fluid. Additionally, or notably, the fluid temperature control unit particularly includes a cooling unit for cooling the temperature-controlled fluid. The fluid temperature control unit may also be controlled by a control unit.

[0045] The heating unit may include a resistance heating element that generates heat based on electrical energy. For example, heat energy can be transferred to a temperature-controlled fluid via a heat exchanger. Furthermore, the heating unit and / or cooling unit may be formed by a heat pump that operates based on the principles of a heat pump cycle or a refrigeration cycle (vapor compression cycle).

[0046] The fluid temperature control unit can be installed in the model device. Alternatively, the fluid temperature control unit can also be installed in the following movable platform.

[0047] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model apparatus includes a fluid coupling coupled to a fluid temperature-controlled element. The fluid coupling is configured to receive temperature-controlled fluid from an external fluid supply unit. The external fluid supply unit may be a fluid reservoir or an active fluid supply unit, such as a fluid pump. The fluid coupling may be configured to attach, for example, a fluid hose via, for example, a bayonet connection.

[0048] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model device includes a temperature distribution layer disposed between a heating element and a surface region of the model body. The temperature distribution layer has a higher thermal conductivity than the heating element. The temperature distribution layer may be the outermost layer of the model body or may be covered by a protective layer. Because the temperature distribution layer has a higher thermal conductivity than the heating element, it provides a more uniform temperature distribution along the surface region of the model body.

[0049] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model apparatus further includes a heat storage layer disposed between the heating element and a surface region of the model body. The heat storage layer has a higher heat capacity than the heating element. In an exemplary embodiment, the heat storage layer may be disposed between a temperature distribution layer and a resistance heating element. The heat storage layer can store thermal energy, enabling continuous heating of the surface region even in the absence of continuous heating from the heating element.

[0050] For example, in the inactive parking position of the model device, an energy connector with an external power source can be provided, allowing the heating element to heat the surface area before both the testing process and the active operation state of the model device. Therefore, in the parking position, the heat storage layer is loaded with thermal energy, and the surface area of ​​the model body is also heated to a predetermined temperature. Subsequently, the model device is disconnected from the external power source, and the testing process begins. During the testing process, the surface area is heated by the thermal energy stored in the heat storage layer. Therefore, with the corresponding model device according to the exemplary embodiments described above, it is unnecessary to install the energy source within the model body. Thus, the weight and complexity of the model body can be reduced.

[0051] The heat storage layer may include materials for providing sensible heat storage, which utilizes the physical properties of materials to change their temperature (e.g., water, stone). Additionally, the heat storage layer may include materials for providing latent heat storage, which stores heat by changing the phase of the material (e.g., melting and solidification). Furthermore, the heat storage layer may include materials for providing thermochemical storage, which utilizes chemical reactions to store and release heat.

[0052] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model apparatus further includes a radar-absorbing layer for absorbing radar radiation reflected by the temperature control element. The radar-absorbing layer is disposed between the temperature control element and a surface area of ​​the model body. Specifically, the radar-absorbing layer may form an outer layer of the model body. Optionally, the radar-absorbing layer surrounds the respective temperature control element.

[0053] Specifically, the radar absorbing layer can be arranged between the temperature control element and other layers such as a heat storage layer or a temperature distribution layer. Radar absorbing material (RAM), which is a material that can absorb incident radar waves and suppress their reflection, can be used in the radar absorbing layer.

[0054] Therefore, according to another exemplary embodiment, the radar absorbing layer includes a material with a radar dielectric constant similar to that of the object to be simulated by the model body, particularly Condura. For example, this material can simulate, for instance, human clothing, which is similar in many ways. Condura is a durable synthetic fiber fabric, typically made of nylon, polyester, or a mixture of both. The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. For textiles like Condura, the thermal conductivity is typically low because textiles are generally insulating materials. The thermal conductivity of nylon-based fabrics such as Condura is typically between 0.2 and 0.4 W / m·K (watts per meter per Kelvin).

[0055] According to another exemplary embodiment, the radar absorbing layer includes a material in which, when penetrated by electromagnetic radiation between 5 and 85 GHz, the real part of the dielectric constant e´ is between 10 and 45, the imaginary part of the dielectric constant e´´ is between 3 and 20, and / or the effective conductivity σe = 1-12 S / m.

[0056] The quantity ε' (also called ε'r or the real part of the dielectric constant) represents the permittivity of a material and describes the strength of its effect on an electric field. The formula for ε is: ε=ε′ -jε′′ ε' (the real part of the dielectric constant) represents how much electrical energy is stored in the material. A higher value means that the material has a stronger influence on the electric field and is more "polarizable".

[0057] ε′′ (the imaginary part of the dielectric constant) describes the energy loss within a material, such as energy that is converted into heat or dissipated in other forms.

[0058] σ e The effective electrical conductivity (also known as electrical conductivity) of a material is measured in Siemens units per meter (S / m). It quantifies the material's ability to conduct electric current.

[0059] σ e The formula is: σ e =2πfε0ε r ′′ σ e It is the effective conductivity (S / m).

[0060] f is the frequency (Hz).

[0061] ε0 is the permittivity of free space (8.854 × 10⁻⁶). -12 F / m).

[0062] ε r ′′ is the imaginary part of the relative permittivity.

[0063] A higher ε' value means that the material has a greater ability to store electrical energy (e.g., water or human tissue). Materials with a lower ε' value (such as air and plastics) have minimal impact on the electric field. The ε'' value is crucial for losses, especially in high-frequency applications.

[0064] Higher σ e This means the material allows electric current to pass through more easily (e.g., metals, salt water, human tissue). Lower σ e Indicating poor electrical conductivity (e.g., plastics, air, dry skin). In biological tissues, σ e It is frequency-dependent and plays a crucial role in the interaction between RF (radio frequency) and microwaves and the human body. σe It can be used to compare different materials with human tissue to ensure that alternative materials will mimic the electrical properties of real skin and tissue.

[0065] Using the parameters mentioned above, the electrical properties of the corresponding materials used in radar absorbing layers under the influence of electromagnetic radiation between 5 and 85 GHz have been identified, providing appropriate simulations of (human or animal) tissues, and thus offering realistic alternatives for creating high-frequency applications.

[0066] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model apparatus further includes a control unit connected to a temperature control device for controlling the temperature control device and / or for receiving status information from the temperature control device. The control unit specifically controls the supply of temperature control fluid and / or energy to the resistance heating element, specifically supplying power and voltage to regulate the temperature radiation of the surface area of ​​the model body. The control unit may include an input interface through which a predefined temperature control fluid, supplied energy, or a predefined temperature value can be input, and the control unit is configured to adjust the temperature control element accordingly. Furthermore, the control unit may include a storage unit for control data, enabling the control unit to retrieve corresponding control data from the storage unit during the testing process. As described below, the control unit may also receive corresponding control data from an external unit via an interface element for wired or wireless data transmission.

[0067] Furthermore, the control unit can receive status information from both the temperature control device and the temperature control element. This status information may be, for example, the current temperature value determined by a temperature sensor. Additionally, the status information may include voltage or electrical values ​​to determine, for example, the operating status or the presence of defects in the resistance heating element. Furthermore, the status information may be the temperature of the temperature-controlled fluid entering or leaving a specific fluid temperature-controlled element.

[0068] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit includes an interface element configured to receive control signals for controlling a temperature control device, and / or to transmit status information of the temperature control device.

[0069] According to another exemplary embodiment, the interface element includes a wireless transmitter configured to wirelessly receive control signals and / or transmit status information of the temperature control device. The wireless transmitter may transmit the relevant status information or control signals, for example, via Bluetooth, NFC (Near Field Communication), or WLAN.

[0070] According to another exemplary embodiment, the interface element includes a plug connector configured to receive control signals and / or transmit status information of the temperature control device in a wired manner. The plug connector is, for example, a USB connector for exchanging data. For example, control data can be input to the control unit via the plug connector during the inactive operating state of the model device. During the test process, in the active state of the model device, the control unit stores the corresponding data and controls the temperature control device based on the received data. Furthermore, the control unit's storage unit can store the operating data and related status of the temperature control device during the test process, wherein, after the test process, in the inactive state of the model device, a data cable can be connected to the plug connector to receive start data.

[0071] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is mounted within the model body. In the exemplary embodiment, it is outlined that the control unit is included within the model body. In alternative embodiments, the control unit may be mounted in, for example, a movable platform on which the model apparatus is mounted, as described below.

[0072] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model device further includes a movable platform movable along the ground, to which the model body is attached. The platform may have a base that can be formed into a sheet (plate) shape. This means that its extension in the ground plane may be significantly greater than its thickness in, for example, the vertical direction. The platform has a bottom surface and an opposing attachment surface to which the model device is attached. Roller elements are attached to the bottom surface to provide movement of the platform along the ground. The model body is secured to the platform by attachment means, for example, by removable screws or plug connections, or by magnetic force.

[0073] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is installed in the model apparatus. In another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is installed in the platform. For example, an energy unit may be installed inside the model body and, upon receiving a control signal from the control unit in the platform, provides corresponding power to the resistance heating element. As another example, a fluid supply unit may be installed inside the model body and, upon receiving a control signal from the control unit in the platform, provides a corresponding flow rate of temperature-controlled fluid for each temperature-controlled element. Therefore, by installing the control unit in the platform, the weight and complexity of the model apparatus can be reduced.

[0074] According to another exemplary embodiment, the platform and model body include corresponding internal interface elements for transmitting control signals to the temperature control device and / or for receiving status information from the temperature control device.

[0075] According to another exemplary embodiment, the internal interface element includes an induction coil for wirelessly transmitting control signals to a temperature control device and / or receiving status information from a resistance temperature control device.

[0076] According to another exemplary embodiment, the internal interface element includes an electrical plug connector or an electrical sliding contact for wirelessly transmitting control signals to and / or receiving status information from the temperature control device. Therefore, if a collision occurs between the model body and the test vehicle during testing, the model body can detach from the platform, and the aforementioned example of the internal interface element can also detach without damage. This increases the likelihood that the model body will retain its full functionality after a collision.

[0077] According to another exemplary embodiment, an energy unit is installed in the model device. When a control signal is received from the control unit in the platform, the energy unit integrated in the model body provides corresponding power to the resistance heating element. Therefore, by installing the energy unit in the model body and the control unit in the platform, the weight and complexity of the model device can be reduced.

[0078] According to another exemplary embodiment, the energy unit is installed within the platform. Therefore, the model body may be without the energy unit, thereby reducing overall weight and complexity. Furthermore, since the energy unit poses a high risk of explosion or fire upon impact during a collision, this risk can be mitigated by installing the energy unit inside the platform.

[0079] According to another exemplary embodiment, the platform and model body include corresponding internal power connectors for transferring power from the platform to the resistance heating device. The internal power connectors may include a (detachable) power plug for transferring power from the platform to the heating device. Furthermore, the internal power connectors may include induction coils for providing inductive power transfer from the platform to the heating device. Therefore, if a collision occurs between the model body and the test vehicle during testing, the model body can detach from the platform, and the aforementioned example of the internal power connector can also detach without damage. This increases the possibility that the model body will retain full functionality after a collision.

[0080] According to another exemplary embodiment, the external power connector is configured to receive power from an external energy source. For example, in the inactive parking position of the model device, the external power connector can be connected to an external power source of the platform, allowing power to be directed through the platform to the model body mounted on it. Heating elements can heat the surface area both during the testing process and before the active operating state of the model device. Thus, in the parking position, the surface area of ​​the model body is heated to a predetermined temperature. Subsequently, the model device is disconnected from the external power source, and the testing process begins. During the testing process, the surface area is either slowly cooled or heated by heat stored in a heat storage layer. Therefore, with the corresponding model device according to the above exemplary embodiment, it is unnecessary to install an energy source within the model body. This reduces the weight and complexity of the model body.

[0081] According to another exemplary embodiment, the fluid supply unit is arranged within the platform. Therefore, the model body may be without a fluid supply unit, thereby reducing overall weight and complexity.

[0082] According to another exemplary embodiment, the platform and model body include corresponding internal valve connectors for forming a fluid connection for temperature control fluid, allowing the temperature control fluid to be supplied between the temperature control element and the platform. The valve connectors can form a detachable valve connection, such as a push-in connection, snap-fit ​​connection, or press-fit connection. Therefore, if a collision occurs between the model body and the test vehicle during testing, the model body and valve connectors can detach from the platform without damage. Furthermore, corresponding shut-off valves can be provided on both the platform and model body sides, such that when the model body separates from the platform, the shut-off valves interrupt the fluid connection, thereby preventing leakage of temperature control fluid from either the platform or the model body. Therefore, the model body retains full functionality after a collision.

[0083] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model apparatus further includes a fluid coupling disposed in the platform, wherein the fluid coupling is connected to an external fluid supply unit for supplying temperature control fluid, in particular via an internal valve coupling, to a fluid temperature control element in the model body.

[0084] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model device further includes a temperature sensor for measuring the surface region temperature regulated by the temperature-controlled element. The temperature sensor may be a thermistor, a type of thermistor whose primary function is to exhibit a large, predictable, and accurate change in resistance in response to corresponding changes in the surface region temperature. The temperature sensor may be a thermocouple sensor, a resistance thermometer, and / or a silicon bandgap temperature sensor. Furthermore, the temperature sensor may be an integrated circuit sensor. Additionally, a separate temperature sensor may be installed to measure the temperature of the temperature-controlled fluid as it enters or exits the corresponding fluid temperature-controlled element. Specifically, by providing multiple temperature sensors, one at the fluid inlet and one at the fluid outlet of the temperature-controlled element, the temperature difference between the fluid inlet and outlet can be measured, indicating the heat energy absorbed or released by the fluid temperature-controlled element from the surface region.

[0085] According to another exemplary embodiment, a temperature sensor is connected to a control unit for transmitting the measured temperature value to the control unit. Therefore, the control unit is configured to adjust the power supply to the resistance heating element or the temperature-controlled fluid supply to the fluid temperature-controlled element based on the measured temperature value, in order to regulate a target temperature. Furthermore, the control unit is configured to detect a malfunction in the temperature-controlled element if, for example, the measured temperature value, as a function of the electrical input power transmitted to the heating element, does not conform to the corresponding target value.

[0086] According to another exemplary embodiment, multiple temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature of different surface regions regulated by temperature-controlled elements. Therefore, the control unit receives the measured temperature values ​​from the multiple temperature sensors, and the control unit is configured to individually control each temperature element to individually regulate each surface region. Thus, the corresponding temperature distribution along the surface regions adjacent to the model body can be adjusted.

[0087] It should be noted that embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to different subjects. In particular, some embodiments have been described with reference to the apparatus claims, while other embodiments have been described with reference to the method claims. However, those skilled in the art will understand from the above and below description that, unless otherwise stated, any combination of features related to different subjects, in particular any combination of features between the apparatus claims and the method claims, is also considered to be disclosed in this application, except for any combination of features belonging to one type of subject matter. Attached Figure Description

[0088] The above and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from the examples of embodiments described below, and will be explained with reference to the examples of embodiments. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples of embodiments, but the invention is not limited thereto.

[0089] Figure 1 An exemplary model device with a resistance heating element is shown according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] Figure 2A A schematic diagram showing the surface structure of a model body including a temperature distribution layer, a heat storage layer and a radar absorption layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] Figure 2B A schematic diagram of the surface structure of a model body including a radar-absorbing layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0092] Figure 3 An exemplary model device is shown in which the model body according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is fixed to a movable platform.

[0093] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a resistance temperature element comprising conductive fibers according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0094] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a resistance temperature element formed as a braided sleeve according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0095] Figure 6 An exemplary model device with a fluid temperature-controlled element is shown according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the surface structure of a model body having a fluid temperature controlled element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0097] Figure 8 An exemplary model apparatus, showing a model body with a fluid temperature-controlled element fixed to a movable platform according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0098] The illustrations in the accompanying drawings are schematic. Note that similar or identical elements have the same reference numerals in different drawings.

[0099] Figure 1 An exemplary human-simulating model device 100 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The model device 100 is configured for testing a driver assistance system in a vehicle. The model device 100 includes a model body 101 and a temperature control device installed in the model body 101 as a resistance heating device, wherein the resistance heating device includes at least two resistance heating elements 102, the resistance heating elements 102 being configured to adjust a surface area 201 of the model body 101 (see [reference needed]). Figure 2A and Figure 2B The temperature. However, Figure 1 The illustrated embodiment may further include a temperature control unit having Figure 6 The corresponding fluid temperature control element 602 shown The model body 101 includes an internal support structure, such as a frame, which is covered by a corresponding cover or shell. Multiple functional devices of the model assembly 100, such as the control unit 104 or energy unit 106 described below, can be fixed to the support structure. Furthermore, several actuators, such as motors, for controlling and moving movable body parts of the model body 101 are mounted within the model body 101 and fixed to the internal support structure.

[0100] The resistance heating device includes a resistance heating element 102. The resistance heating element 102 is coupled to a surface region 201, allowing the temperature of the surface region 201 of the model body 101 to be adjustable. The surface region 201 of the model body 101 describes a specific surface portion or the entire surface of the model body 101, which faces the environment of the model device 100. The corresponding resistance heating element 102 is an element for converting electrical energy into heat. The heating element 102 includes a heating resistor, thereby generating heat through a process known as Joule heating, by current flowing through the channels of the resistor.

[0101] The temperature of the surface region 201 of the model body 101 can be quickly and precisely adjusted using a resistance heating device. Therefore, the corresponding surface region 201 of the model body 101 can include the real object simulated by the model body 101 (e.g., Figure 1 The illustrated exemplary embodiment shows a temperature and temperature distribution similar to that of a human body. Therefore, since the thermal radiation of the model body 101 is modulated to resemble that of the simulated real object, a realistic test scenario for sensors in driver assistance systems can be provided.

[0102] Furthermore, an infrared radiation device 110 may be mounted in the model body 101. The infrared radiation device 110 includes at least one infrared emitting element configured to simulate the temperature distribution of surface region 201 of the model body 101 by generating infrared radiation, which indicates the temperature distribution measured by an infrared sensor of the driver assistance system under test. The infrared radiation device 110 may include a radiation emitter, such as a diode, that radiates corresponding infrared radiation, which can be measured by a corresponding infrared sensor of the driver assistance system under test.

[0103] In the illustrated embodiment, surface regions 201 are defined, for example, in the arm, leg, and / or abdomen and back regions of the model body 101. Each surface region 201 can be heated by a corresponding resistance heating element 102 or an infrared radiating element. Surface regions 201 are arranged adjacent to each other and can be heated individually by their respective resistance heating elements 102. Thus, one surface region 201 defines, for example, the head of a human body, and another surface region 201 defines the stomach of a human body. A real human body radiates different temperature radiation in different surface regions 201. In other words, the head of a human body may be hotter and therefore radiate more temperature radiation than, for example, the feet of a human body.

[0104] Since the model body 101 simulates a human in the exemplary embodiment, the resistance heating element 102 is configured to heat the surface region 201 of the model body 101 to 40°C.

[0105] The model apparatus 100 further includes a control unit 104, which is connected to the resistance heating device and is used to control the resistance heating device and the resistance heating element 102 respectively, and / or to receive status information of the resistance heating device and the resistance heating element 102. Specifically, the control unit 104 controls the power supply to the resistance heating element 102, specifically supplying electricity and voltage to regulate the temperature radiation of the surface region 201 of the model body 101. The control unit 104 may include an input interface element 105, wherein a predetermined power supply or predefined temperature value can be input, and the control unit 104 is configured to adjust the resistance heating element 102 accordingly. Furthermore, the control unit 104 may include a storage unit for control data, allowing the control unit 104 to retrieve corresponding control data from the storage unit during the testing process.

[0106] Furthermore, the control unit 104 can receive status information from both the resistance heating device and the resistance heating element 102. The status information may be, for example, the current temperature value determined by the temperature sensor 109 described below. Additionally, the status information may include voltage or electrical values ​​to determine, for example, the operating status or the presence of defects in the resistance heating element 102.

[0107] The control unit 104 includes an interface element 105 configured to receive control signals for controlling the resistance heating device and / or to transmit status information of the resistance heating device. The interface element 105 includes a wireless transmitter configured to wirelessly receive control signals and / or transmit status information of the resistance heating device. Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the control unit 104 is installed inside the model body 101.

[0108] In the illustrated embodiment, the model device 100 further includes an internal energy unit 106 for supplying electrical energy to the resistance heating unit 102, wherein the energy unit 106 is in particular a rechargeable battery unit. Therefore, during the testing process, energy can be obtained from the energy unit 106 for the resistance heating device, allowing the corresponding resistance heating element 102 to be heated during the testing process to adjust the surface area 201 of the model body 101.

[0109] The resistance heating unit 102 is connected to the internal energy unit 106 and / or control unit 104 via a power supply cable 103 for transmitting power and / or control signals. The resistance heating units 102 can be arranged in parallel with each other, so each resistance heating unit 102 is directly connected to the internal energy unit 106 and / or control unit 104. Furthermore, at least two or more resistance heating units 102 can be connected in series via corresponding power supply cables 103.

[0110] The model device 100 further includes an external power connector 108 electrically connected to the resistance heating device, wherein the external power connector 108 is configured to receive power from an external energy source 107. For example, in the inactive parking position of the model device 100, the external power connector 108 can be connected to the external power source 107, such that the heating element 102 heats the surface area 201 before the testing process and the active operating state of the model device 100, respectively. Thus, in the parking position, the surface area 201 of the model body 101 is heated to a predetermined temperature. Subsequently, the model device 100 is disconnected from the external power source 107, and the testing process begins. During the testing process, the surface area 201 is slowly cooled or heated by the heat energy stored in the heat storage layer 203.

[0111] External energy source 107 can also be connected to internal energy source 106 via external power connector 108. For example, in the inactive state of model device 100, external energy source 107 can charge a rechargeable battery that acts as internal energy source 106, so that in the active state (during testing), heating element 102 can be heated by energy from internal energy source 106. External power connector 108 can be a power plug for receiving power from external energy source 107. External power connector 108 may also include an induction coil for providing inductive power transmission. Thus, in the parked position of model device 100, power can be transmitted inductively without the need for a physical plug connector.

[0112] The model device 100 further includes a temperature sensor 109 for measuring the surface area temperature regulated by the heating element 102. The temperature sensor 109 is connected to a control unit 104 for transmitting the measured temperature value to the control unit 104. Therefore, the control unit 104 is configured to adjust the power supply to the resistance heating element 102 based on the measured temperature value in order to regulate the target temperature.

[0113] The control unit 104 receives temperature values ​​measured by multiple temperature sensors 109, and the control unit 104 is configured to control each temperature element individually in order to adjust each surface region 201 individually. Therefore, the corresponding temperature distribution along the surface region 201 adjacent to the model body 101 can be adjusted.

[0114] Figure 2A A schematic diagram of the surface structure of a model body 101 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. A resistance heating element 102 is arranged below the surface region 201. A power supply cable 103 extends inside the model body 101, for example, within the skeletal region, rather than extending directly on the surface of the model body 101. The power supply cable 103 is connected, for example, to an internal energy source 106. A control unit 104 controls the energy supply to the resistance heating element 102 to regulate temperature generation.

[0115] The surface structure of the model device 100 further includes a temperature distribution layer 202, wherein the temperature distribution layer 202 is disposed between the heating element 102 and the outer surface region 201 of the model body 101. The temperature distribution layer 202 has a higher thermal conductivity than the heating element 102. The temperature distribution layer 202 may be the outermost layer of the model body 101. Because the temperature distribution layer 202 has a higher thermal conductivity than the heating element 102, the temperature distribution layer 202 includes a more uniform temperature distribution along the surface region 201 of the model body 101.

[0116] The surface structure of the model device 100 further includes a heat storage layer 203, which is disposed between the heating element 102 and the surface region 201 of the model body 101. The heat storage layer 203 has a higher heat capacity than the heating element 102. The heat storage layer 203 is disposed between the temperature distribution layer 202 and the resistance heating element 102. The heat storage layer 203 can store thermal energy, so that continuous heating of the surface region 201 can be provided even when there is no continuous heating from the heating element 102.

[0117] Therefore, in the inactive parking position of the model device 100, an energy connector 108 with an external power source 107 can be provided, allowing the heating element 102 to heat the surface area 201 before both the testing process and the active operation state of the model device 100. Thus, in the parking position, the heat storage layer 203 is loaded with thermal energy, and the surface area 201 of the model body 101 is also heated to a predetermined temperature. Subsequently, the model device 100 is disconnected from the external power source 107, and the testing process begins. During the testing process, the surface area 201 is heated by the thermal energy stored in the heat storage layer 203.

[0118] The surface structure of the model device 100 further includes a radar absorbing layer 204 for absorbing radar radiation reflected by the heating element 102. The radar absorbing layer 204 is disposed between the heating element 102 and the surface region 201 of the model body 101. Specifically, the radar absorbing layer 204 may be disposed between the resistance heating element 102, the heat storage layer 203, and the temperature distribution layer 202.

[0119] Figure 2B Another exemplary embodiment is shown, wherein the surface structure of the model device 100 includes only a radar absorbing layer 204 located directly above the thermal resistance element 102 for absorbing radar radiation reflected by the heating element 102. The radar absorbing layer 204 is disposed below the surface region 201 of the model body 101.

[0120] Figure 3 An exemplary model device 100 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein a model body 101 is fixed to a movable platform 300.

[0121] The model assembly 100 further includes a movable platform 300 that can move along the ground, wherein the model body 101 is attached to the movable platform 300. The model body 101 is secured to the platform 300 by attachment means, for example by removable screws or plug connectors, or by magnetic force.

[0122] The model body 101 includes a resistance heating element 102. The resistance heating element 102 allows for temperature adjustment of the surface region 201 of the model body 101. A control unit 104 can be installed inside the model body 101 to control the resistance heating element 102. Optionally, the control unit 104 can also be installed in the platform 300. For example, an energy unit 106 can be installed inside the model body 101 and, upon receiving a control signal from the control unit 104 in the platform 300, provide corresponding power to the resistance heating element 102.

[0123] Platform 300 and model body 101 include corresponding internal interface elements 301 for transmitting control signals to the heating device and / or for receiving status information from the resistance heating device. Internal interface element 301 includes, for example, an induction coil 302 for wirelessly transmitting control signals to the heating device and / or receiving status information from the resistance heating device. Internal interface element 301 may also include an electrical plug connector or an electrical sliding contact for wirelessly transmitting control signals to the heating device and / or receiving status information from the resistance heating device.

[0124] like Figure 3 As shown, the energy unit 106 can also be installed in the model body 101. When a control signal is received from the control unit 104' in the platform 300, the energy unit 106 integrated in the model body 101 provides corresponding power to the resistance heating element 102. Therefore, by installing the energy unit 106 in the model body 101 and the control unit 104' in the platform 300, the weight and complexity of the model device 100 can be reduced.

[0125] like Figure 3 As shown, the energy unit 106' is installed in the platform 300. Therefore, the model body 101 may be without the energy unit 106 and the control unit 104, thereby reducing overall weight and complexity. The platform 300 and the model body 101 include corresponding internal power connectors 303 for transmitting power from the platform 300 to the resistance heating device. The internal power connector 303 may include a (detachable) power plug for transmitting power from the platform 300 and the internal energy unit 106' to the heating device. Furthermore, the internal power connector 303 may include an induction coil 304 for providing inductive power transmission from the platform 300 to the heating device.

[0126] The external power connector 108 in platform 300 is configured to receive power from external energy source 107. For example, in the inactive parking position of model device 100, external power connector 108 can be connected to external energy source 107, so that power is directed via external power connector 108, through platform 300, and via internal power connector 303 to the external power source. The model body 101 is installed on the platform 300. The heating element 102 can heat the surface area 201 during the testing process and before the active operation of the model device 100.

[0127] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a resistance temperature element 102 comprising conductive fibers 401 for generating heat, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is shown. The conductive fibers 401 are made of a metallic material or carbon fiber 401. The metallic or carbon fiber 401 can generate heat rapidly and can be easily regulated by the applied voltage. A carbon fiber heater is positioned below the surface region 201 of the model body 101, for example, below the final protective layer of the model body 101. The heating element 102 comprises a matrix material 402 in which the conductive fibers 401 are inserted. The matrix material 402 may be made of an electrically insulating material. Simultaneously, the matrix material 402 may include suitable thermal conductivity. Therefore, the matrix material 402 provides, on the one hand, the capability of the resistance heating element 102, and on the other hand, provides a good distribution of thermal radiation generated by the fibers 401 for its suitable thermal conductivity.

[0128] According to another exemplary embodiment, the model device 100 further includes a low-resistance connection contact 403, which is arranged between the resistance heating element 102 and the energy unit 106, and / or between two connected resistance heating elements 102.

[0129] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a resistance temperature element 102 formed as a braided sleeve 501 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. Thus, fibers 401 form a braided material, particularly the braided sleeve 501. The braided material can be made solely of fibers 401, and therefore can be very flexible and adaptable to a variety of different shapes. The braided material can also be impregnated and soaked with a matrix material 402. Specifically, the braided fibers 401 can form a fiber felt, which forms a flat element. The braided sleeve 501 can surround a corresponding body portion of a model body 101, for example, a human arm to be heated.

[0130] Figure 6 An exemplary model apparatus 100 with fluid temperature controlled elements 602 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. The model apparatus 100 is configured for testing a driver assistance system in a vehicle. The model apparatus 100 includes a model body 101. The model apparatus 100 includes a temperature control device mounted in the model body 101, wherein the temperature control device includes more than two fluid temperature controlled elements 602, the fluid temperature controlled elements 602 being configured to regulate the temperature of a surface region 201 of the model body 101. However, Figure 6 The illustrated embodiments may further include Figure 1 The corresponding resistance heating element 102 is shown. For example, the resistance heating element 102 can be used to heat the surface region 201, and the fluid temperature control element 602 can be used to cool the surface region 201 if the surface region 201 must be cooled.

[0131] The model body 101 includes an internal support structure, such as a frame, which is covered by a corresponding cover or shell. Multiple functional devices of the model assembly 100, such as a control unit 104 or an energy unit 106, can be fixed to the support structure. Furthermore, several actuators, such as motors, for controlling and moving movable body parts of the model body 101 are mounted within the model body 101 and fixed to the internal support structure.

[0132] A fluid temperature control element 602 is coupled to surface region 201, allowing the temperature of surface region 201 of model body 101 to be adjusted. Surface region 201 of model body 101 describes a specific surface portion or the entire surface of model body 101, facing the environment of model device 100. The fluid temperature control element 602 allows for rapid and precise adjustment of the temperature of surface region 201 of model body 101. Therefore, the corresponding surface region 201 of model body 101 can include a real object simulated by model body 101 (e.g., [missing information]). Figure 6 The illustrated exemplary embodiment shows a temperature and temperature distribution similar to that of a human body. Therefore, since the thermal radiation of the model body 101 is modulated to resemble that of the simulated real object, a realistic test scenario for sensors in driver assistance systems can be provided.

[0133] The fluid temperature control element 602 can be used to heat the surface region 201. However, the fluid temperature control element 602 can also be used to cool the surface region.

[0134] The temperature control device includes a fluid conduit 603 for connecting fluid temperature-controlled elements 602 (e.g., connecting two fluid temperature-controlled elements 602 together, or connecting fluid temperature-controlled elements 602 to a central fluid supply unit 606), such that temperature-controlled fluid can be supplied to or from the fluid temperature-controlled elements 602. The fluid conduit 603 may be formed of a flexible material and may be guided along the model body. Specifically, the fluid conduit may extend along a support structure within the model body (e.g., within the skeletal region of the model body), rather than extending directly on the surface.

[0135] The model device 100 further includes a fluid supply unit 606, specifically a fluid pump, for supplying temperature-controlled fluid to the fluid temperature-controlled element 602. The fluid supply unit 606 may be, for example, a blower. The fluid supply unit 606 is controlled by the control unit 104 such that the flow rate of the temperature-controlled fluid can be adjusted by the fluid supply unit 606 according to the required temperature control power.

[0136] In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid supply unit 606 is mounted in the model body 101. Alternatively, the fluid supply unit 606 may also be mounted in the movable platform 300, such as... Figure 8 As shown.

[0137] The model device 100 further includes a fluid temperature control unit 610 for controlling the temperature of a temperature-controlled fluid. The fluid temperature control unit 610 includes a heating unit for heating the temperature-controlled fluid. Additionally, or notably, the fluid temperature control unit 610 specifically includes a cooling unit for cooling the temperature-controlled fluid. The fluid temperature control unit 610 is controlled by a control unit 104. In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid temperature control unit 610 is mounted in the model body 101, but it can also be mounted in the movable platform 300. Figure 8 Therefore, during the testing process, the temperature control fluid can be controlled by the fluid temperature control unit 610 and / or the fluid supply unit 606 (through the fluid flow rate and temperature of the temperature control fluid of the fluid temperature controlled element 602), so that during the testing process, the corresponding fluid temperature controlled element 602 can be temperature controlled to adjust the surface area 201 of the model body 101.

[0138] The fluid temperature controlled elements 602 can be arranged in parallel with each other, so that each fluid temperature controlled element 602 is directly connected to the fluid temperature control unit 610 and / or the fluid supply unit 606 via a fluid conduit 603. In addition, at least two or more fluid temperature controlled elements 602 can be connected in series through corresponding fluid conduits 603.

[0139] In the illustrated embodiment, surface regions 201 are defined, for example, the arm, leg, and / or abdomen and back regions of the model body 101. Each surface region 201 can be heated or cooled by a fluid temperature controlled element 602. The surface regions 201 are arranged adjacent to each other and can be individually temperature-controlled by the respective fluid temperature controlled element 602.

[0140] Because the model body 101 simulates a human in the exemplary embodiment, the fluid temperature control element 602 is configured to adjust the surface temperature in the surface region 201 of the model body 101 to about 40°C.

[0141] The control unit 104 is connected to the fluid temperature control element 602 and is used to control the flow rate of the temperature control fluid through the fluid temperature control element 602, and / or to receive status information of the fluid temperature control element 602. Specifically, the control unit 104 controls the fluid supply unit 606 to control the flow rate of the temperature control fluid. Furthermore, a corresponding control valve can be arranged between the fluid temperature control element 602 and the fluid supply unit 606; this control valve can be controlled by the control unit 104 to control the flow rate of the temperature control fluid.

[0142] In addition, the control unit 104 can control the fluid temperature control unit 610 for temperature control (heating or cooling) of the temperature-controlled fluid.

[0143] The control unit 104 may also include an input interface element 105, wherein a predefined temperature value can be input, and the control unit 104 is configured to adjust the corresponding fluid flow rate and, for example, control the temperature of the fluid. The control unit 104 may include a storage unit for control data, such that the control unit 104 can retrieve the corresponding control data from the storage unit during the testing process.

[0144] Furthermore, the control unit 104 can receive status information of the fluid temperature controlled element 602. This status information is, for example, the fluid flow rate or temperature of the temperature-controlled fluid received by a corresponding sensor of the temperature sensor 109. The control unit 104 receives measured temperature values ​​from multiple temperature sensors 109, and is configured to individually control each fluid temperature controlled element 602 to individually adjust each surface region 201. Therefore, the corresponding temperature distribution along the surface region 201 adjacent to the model body 101 can be adjusted.

[0145] A fluid coupling 608 in the model body 601 can be provided for receiving temperature-controlled fluid from an external fluid supply unit 607. The external fluid supply unit 607 can be a fluid reservoir or an active fluid supply unit, such as a fluid pump. For example, in the inactive parking position of the model device 100, the fluid coupling 608 can be connected to the external fluid supply unit 607, such that the fluid temperature control element 602 regulates the temperature (heats or cools) of the surface area 201 before the testing process and active operation state of the model device 100, respectively. Therefore, in the parking position, the surface area 201 of the model body 101 is temperature-controlled to a predetermined temperature. Subsequently, the model device 100 is disconnected from the external fluid supply unit 607, and the testing process begins.

[0146] During inactive parking periods, pre-controlled fluid can be filled and stored in tanks in platform 300 or model body 101, so that the stored temperature-controlled fluid can be used to control the temperature of fluid temperature control element 602 during the test process.

[0147] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the surface structure of the model body 101 having a fluid temperature controlled element 602 is shown. The surface structure of the model device 100 includes a radar absorbing layer 204 located directly above the fluid temperature controlled element 602 for absorbing radar radiation reflected by the heating element 102. The radar absorbing layer 204 is disposed below the surface region 201 of the model body 101.

[0148] Each of the fluid temperature controlled elements 602 includes a fluid chamber 701 configured to be flushed by a temperature-controlled fluid, particularly by air, for regulating the temperature of different surface regions 201 of the model body 101. The fluid temperature controlled element may include a housing 702 having an internal volume for forming the fluid chamber 701 through which the temperature-controlled fluid can flow. The walls of the housing 702 are heated or cooled by the temperature-controlled fluid. The walls of the housing 702 are in thermal contact with the corresponding surface region 201 of the model body, allowing heat exchange for controlling the temperature of the corresponding surface. The housing 702 includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet.

[0149] A corresponding control valve 703 is provided at the respective fluid inlet and / or fluid outlet to control the flow of temperature-controlled fluid into or out of the housing 702. The control valve 703 can be controlled by the control unit 104.

[0150] Figure 8 Showing something similar to Figure 3 An exemplary model device 100 of the embodiment includes a model body 101 fixed to a movable platform, but equipped with a fluid temperature control element 602. The model device 100 further includes a movable platform 300 movable along the ground, to which the model body 101 is attached. The model body 101 is fixed to the platform 300 by attachment means, for example, by removable screws or plug connectors, or by magnetic force.

[0151] Inside the model body 101, a control unit 104 can be installed for controlling the fixation of the movable platform. Optionally, the control unit 104 can also be installed in the platform 300. For example, a fluid supply unit 606 can be installed inside the model body 101 and, upon receiving a control signal from the control unit 104 in the platform 300, provides a corresponding temperature-controlled fluid flow rate to the fluid temperature-controlled element 602.

[0152] Platform 300 and model body 101 include corresponding internal interface elements 301 for transmitting control signals to the temperature control device and / or for receiving status information from the temperature control device. Internal interface element 301 includes, for example, an induction coil 302 for transmitting control signals to the control unit 104 or the temperature control device via a data cable, and / or for wirelessly receiving status information from the temperature control device. Internal interface element 301 may also include an electrical plug connector or an electrical sliding contact for wirelessly transmitting control signals to the temperature control device and / or receiving status information from the temperature control device.

[0153] For the fluid supply unit 606, alternatively or additionally, a platform pump 803 may be installed in the platform 300. Therefore, the model body 101 may lack a fluid supply unit and a control unit 104, thereby reducing overall weight and complexity. The platform 300 and model body 101 include corresponding connecting valves 802 for providing fluid exchange of temperature-controlled fluid between the platform 300 and the model body 101. The platform further includes corresponding platform fluid conduits 804 for conveying the temperature-controlled fluid.

[0154] The internal power connector 303 may include a (removable) power plug for transmitting power from the platform 300 and internal energy source 106' to the temperature control device. Additionally, the internal power connector 303 may include an induction coil 304 for providing inductive power transmission from the platform 300 to the temperature control device.

[0155] In addition, an external fluid connector 608 is installed in the platform 300, which is configured to receive temperature control fluid from the external fluid supply unit 607.

[0156] It should be noted that the term "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "single" or "one" does not exclude multiple. Elements described in conjunction with different embodiments may also be combined. It should also be noted that the reference numerals in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0157] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 100 model devices 101 Model ontology 102 Resistance heating element 103 Power supply cable 104 Control Unit 105 Interface Components 106 Internal Energy 107 External Energy 108 External power connector 109 Temperature Sensor 110 Infrared Radiation Device 201 Surface Area 202 Temperature Distribution Layer 203 Thermal Storage Layer 204 Radar Absorbing Layer 300 Platform 301 Internal Interface Components 302 Induction Coil 303 Internal power connector 304 Induction Coil 401 conductive fiber 402 matrix material 403 Power Contact 501 Braided Sleeve 602 Fluid Temperature Controlled Component 603 Fluid conduit 606 Fluid Supply Unit 607 External Fluid Supply Unit 608 Fluid Connector 610 Fluid Temperature Control Unit 701 Fluid Chamber 702 Housing 703 Control Valve 801 Data Cable 802 Connection Valve 803 Platform Pump 804 platform fluid conduit.

Claims

1. A model apparatus (100) for testing a driver assistance system in a vehicle, the model apparatus (100) comprising: Model ontology (101), and A temperature control device is installed in the model body (101). The temperature control device includes at least two temperature control elements. Each temperature control element is installed in a different part of the model body (101) to individually adjust the temperature of different surface areas (201) of the model body (101).

2. The model apparatus (100) according to claim 1, comprising at least one of the following features: in, Each temperature control element can be individually controlled, allowing the temperature of each surface region (201) of the body to be individually adjusted. The temperature control device includes more than 2, 4, 6, 10, or 12 temperature control elements, and The temperature control device is specifically configured to adjust the temperature of the surface area (201) of the model body (101) to up to 45°C.

3. The model device (100) according to claim 1 or 2. in, The temperature control element (102) includes a resistance heating element (102) for generating heat. At least one of the resistance heating elements (102) specifically includes conductive fibers (401) for generating heat. The conductive fiber (401) is made of metal or carbon fiber. The fibers are specifically formed into a braided material, particularly a braided sleeve (501). The heating element (102) specifically comprises 100 g / m 2 Up to 700 g / m 2 Fiber density, especially 200 g / m 2 Up to 400 g / m 2 fiber density, The heating element (102) specifically comprises 500 to 3500 fiber rovings / m 2 More notably, it features 1000 to 2000 fiber rovings per meter. 2 .

4. The model device (100) according to claim 3. in, The resistance heating element (102) includes a power supply cable (103) extending from the resistance heating element (102) into the interior of the model body (101).

5. The model apparatus (100) according to claim 3 or 4, further comprising: Energy unit (106) is used to supply electrical energy to the resistance heating unit. The energy unit (106) is particularly a rechargeable battery unit. The energy unit (106) is specifically configured to transmit power with a voltage range between 9 V and 60 V and / or a current range between 20 A and 60 A, and / or The energy unit (106) is configured to transmit power in a constant or pulsed manner. The model device (100) further includes low-resistance connection contacts arranged between the resistance heating element (102) and the energy unit (106) and / or between two connected resistance heating elements (102). The low-resistance connection element (102) is configured to provide a resistance of less than 1 to 2 Ohms when a 24-volt voltage is applied, or a resistance of 0.5 to 1 Ohm when a 48-volt voltage is applied.

6. The model apparatus (100) according to claim 5, further comprising one of the following features: An external power supply connector (108) is electrically connected to the temperature control device. in, The external power connector (108) is configured to receive power from an external energy source (107). The external power connector (108) specifically includes a power plug for receiving power from the external energy source (107), and / or The external power connector (108) includes an induction coil for providing induced power transmission. The energy unit (106) is installed in the model device (100). The external power connector (108) is configured to receive power from an external energy source (107).

7. The model apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6. in, The temperature control element includes a fluid temperature controlled element (602). Each of the fluid temperature-controlled elements (602) includes a fluid chamber configured to be flushed by a temperature-controlled fluid, particularly air, for regulating the temperature of different surface regions (201) of the model body (101). The temperature control device specifically includes a fluid conduit (603) for connecting to the fluid temperature controlled element (602), so that the temperature control fluid can be supplied to or from the fluid temperature controlled element (602).

8. The model apparatus (100) according to claim 7, further comprising one of the following features: A fluid supply unit (606), particularly a fluid pump, is used to supply the temperature-controlled fluid to the fluid temperature-controlled element (602). in, The fluid supply unit (606) is specifically installed in the model device (100). A fluid temperature control unit (610) is used to control the temperature of the temperature-controlled fluid. The fluid temperature control unit (610) specifically includes a heating unit for heating the temperature-controlled fluid. The fluid temperature control unit (610) specifically includes a cooling unit for cooling the temperature-controlled fluid. The fluid temperature control unit (610) is specifically installed in the model device (100), and A fluid connector (608) is connected to the fluid temperature control element (602). The fluid connector (608) is configured to receive temperature-controlled fluid from an external fluid supply unit (607).

9. The modeling apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: A radar absorbing layer (204) is used to absorb radar radiation reflected by the temperature control element. The radar absorption layer (204) covers the temperature control element. The radar absorbing layer (204) specifically comprises a material with a radar dielectric constant similar to that of the object to be simulated by the model body (101), particularly Condura. The radar-absorbing layer (204) specifically comprises a material having the following properties when penetrated by electromagnetic radiation between 5 and 85 GHz: The real part of the dielectric constant, e', is between 10 and 45. The imaginary part of the dielectric constant, e´´, is between 3 and 20, and / or Effective conductivity σe = 1-12 S / m.

10. The modeling apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: Control unit (104). in, The control unit (104) is connected to the temperature control device and is used to control the temperature control device and / or to receive status information from the temperature control device. The control unit (104) specifically includes an interface element (105) configured to receive control signals for controlling the temperature control device, and / or to transmit status information of the temperature control device. The interface element (105) specifically includes a wireless transmitter configured to wirelessly receive control signals and / or transmit status information of the temperature control device. The interface element (105) specifically includes a plug connector configured to receive control signals and / or transmit status information of the temperature control device in a wired manner.

11. The model apparatus (100) according to claim 10. in, The control unit (104) is installed inside the model body (101).

12. The modeling apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The model device (100) includes at least one of the following features: The mobile platform (300) is capable of moving along the ground. The model body (101) is attached to the movable platform (300). The control unit (104) is specifically installed in the model device (100). The control unit (104) is installed in the platform (300). The platform (300) and the model body (101) specifically include corresponding internal interface elements (301) for transmitting control signals to the temperature control device and / or for receiving status information from the temperature control device. The internal interface element (301) specifically includes an induction coil (302) for wirelessly transmitting control signals to the temperature control device and / or receiving status information from the temperature control device, or The internal interface element (301) specifically includes an electrical plug connector or an electrical sliding contact for wirelessly transmitting control signals to the temperature control device and / or receiving status information from the resistance temperature control device. The energy unit (106) is installed in the platform (300). The platform (300) and the model body (101) specifically include corresponding internal power connectors (303) for transmitting power from the platform (300) to the temperature control device. The internal power connector (303) includes a power plug for transmitting power from the platform (300) to the temperature control device, and / or The internal power connector (303) includes an induction coil (304) for providing induced power transmission from the platform (300) to the temperature control device. The fluid supply unit (606) is arranged in the platform (300). The platform (300) and the model body (101) include corresponding internal valve connectors (802) for forming a fluid connection of the temperature control fluid, enabling the temperature control fluid to be supplied between the temperature control element (602) and the platform (300). A fluid coupling (608) is arranged in the platform (300). The fluid connector (608) is connected to an external fluid supply unit (607) for supplying temperature control fluid to the fluid temperature controlled element (602).

13. The modeling apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising: Temperature sensor (109) for measuring the temperature of surface area (201) regulated by the temperature control element. The temperature sensor (109) is specifically connected to the control unit (104) for transmitting the measured temperature value to the control unit (104). The model device (100) specifically includes a plurality of temperature sensors (109) for measuring the temperature of different surface areas regulated by the temperature control element.

14. A model apparatus (100) for testing a driver assistance system in a vehicle, the model apparatus (100) comprising: Model ontology (101), and An infrared radiation device (110) is installed in the model body (101). The infrared radiation device (110) includes at least one infrared emitting element configured to simulate the temperature distribution of a surface region (201) of the model body (101) by generating infrared radiation, the infrared radiation indicating the temperature distribution measured by an infrared sensor of the driver assistance system under test.

15. A method for testing a driver assistance system in a vehicle using a model apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the method comprises: The temperature of the surface area (201) of the model body (101) is adjusted by at least two temperature control elements.

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