A stainless steel strength and plasticity detection assembly, a mechanical property testing device and a use method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component and mechanical property testing equipment, as well as its usage method, belonging to the field of stainless steel mechanical testing technology. The testing component includes a rotary worktable, two support seats II, and two transmission screws. The locking nut ring and fixed bracket are driven by the reverse thread on the transmission screws, and then the clamping block I is controlled by the cooperation of the sliding shaft and the oblique hole to achieve stable clamping and stretching. The testing equipment integrates this testing component and adds a symmetrical clamping mechanism II to form a four-corner clamping structure, achieving bidirectional synchronous stretching along the X and Y axes. It also includes a thin plate anti-buckling limiting mechanism, which uses staggered comb-tooth constraint plates to suppress lateral bending of the thin plate during compression, accurately obtaining the true yield strength. Simultaneously, it is equipped with a liftable sealed outer cover environment simulation device to simulate different temperature testing environments, solving the problems of unstable clamping, easy sample damage, easy buckling of thin plates, and limited testing conditions in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of stainless steel mechanical testing technology, and relates to a stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component and mechanical property testing equipment and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Stainless steel, with its excellent corrosion resistance, formability, and mechanical strength, has become a core material in kitchen and bathroom appliances, medical devices, aerospace, and pipeline engineering. Its mechanical properties, such as ductility and yield strength, directly determine the safety and reliability of end products. Therefore, accurate and efficient mechanical property testing is an indispensable quality control link in the entire chain of stainless steel production, research and development, and application. Whether it's optimizing the forming process of thin-plate components or verifying the performance of steel used in extreme environments, it all relies on the support of accurate and comprehensive mechanical data provided by testing equipment.

[0003] Existing stainless steel testing clamping fixtures mostly adopt rigid jaws or a single-specification flexible chuck design: Although rigid jaws provide stable clamping force, they are prone to indentation or scratching the surface when in contact with thin stainless steel plates, especially for thin plates used in kitchens, bathrooms, and electronics where high surface precision is required, which can directly lead to sample scrapping; Flexible chucks can reduce damage, but their clamping stability is insufficient, and the sample is prone to slippage during stretching or compression, resulting in deviations in force value acquisition.

[0004] For stainless steel sheets with a thickness of ≤3mm, Euler buckling is very likely to occur during compression testing, meaning that the sample bends laterally before reaching the true yield strength, resulting in completely distorted test data. In existing solutions, rigid baffle constraints are prone to friction interference and axial deformation, while flexible constraints are not stiff enough to effectively limit lateral bending. This problem makes it difficult for companies to obtain the true yield strength of thin sheets, directly affecting the design safety of products such as thin sheets used in home appliances and medical devices.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component and mechanical property testing equipment, as well as its usage method, to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component and a mechanical property testing device and a method for using the same.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a stainless steel high plasticity testing component, comprising: a rotatable rotary worktable;

[0008] Two support seats II are fixed at both ends of the rotary table along its length. A clamping mechanism I is slidably connected to the top of each support seat II. The clamping mechanism I includes a slider I that slides with the top of the support seat II. A pressing block I is movably disposed on the top of the slider I. The pressing block I and the slider I cooperate to clamp the sample. Two transmission screws are rotatably supported between the two support seats II through bearing seats. Two threaded sections I are machined on the transmission screws. A locking nut ring II is threaded onto the outer wall of the threaded section I. A fixed bracket I is fixed to the top of the locking nut ring II. The tops of the two fixed brackets I on the same side are connected to the pressing block I.

[0009] Two drive motors II are fixedly mounted on one side of one of the support bases II, and the output ends of the drive motors II are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding transmission screws through couplings;

[0010] When the drive motor II drives the transmission screw to rotate, the locking nut ring II drives the fixed bracket I to move, which in turn drives the clamping block I to clamp the sample. The clamping block I can prevent the sample from slipping and reduce scratches on the surface of the thin plate sample.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0012] The clamping mechanism I further includes a mounting frame I fixed to the top of the slider I. Two guide shafts I are slidably connected through the top of the mounting frame I. The bottom ends of the two guide shafts I are fixed to the clamping block I. A compression spring I is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide shaft I. The two ends of the compression spring I abut against the top of the guide shaft I and the bottom of the mounting frame I, respectively. A waist-shaped oblique hole I is machined on one side of the clamping block I, and a waist-shaped light hole I is machined on one side of the mounting frame I. The same sliding shaft I passes through the waist-shaped light hole I and the waist-shaped oblique hole I. The two ends of the sliding shaft I are fixed to two fixed brackets I, respectively. The pre-compression of the compression spring I can be adjusted by a nut to provide a stable initial clamping force for the clamping block I.

[0013] A stainless steel mechanical property testing device, comprising the aforementioned stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component, and further comprising:

[0014] The testing cabinet has two support bases II fixed inside it; two support bases III are also fixed inside the testing cabinet and located outside the support bases II. The top of each support base III is slidably connected to a clamping mechanism II that works with a clamping mechanism I. The two clamping mechanisms II and the two clamping mechanisms I form a four-corner clamping structure, which can perform synchronous tensile tests on the X and Y axes of the material.

[0015] Two sets of thin plate buckling-resistance limiting mechanisms are fixed on clamping mechanism II. The comb teeth of the two thin plate buckling-resistance limiting mechanisms are interlaced and do not contact each other. When the two clamping mechanisms II move towards each other to apply pressure to the thin plate sample, the thin plate buckling-resistance limiting mechanisms can limit the thin plate sample from Euler buckling, ensuring that its true yield strength is measured.

[0016] An environmental simulation device is installed inside a testing cabinet. The environmental simulation device includes a sealed outer cover that can be lifted and installed inside the testing cabinet. The testing cabinet has a base plate. The sealed outer cover and the base plate are closed to form a sealed chamber, which can perform high and low temperature environment simulation tests on the sample.

[0017] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0018] The clamping mechanism II includes a slider II that slides with the top of the support seat III. A mounting frame II is fixedly mounted on the top of the slider II. Two guide shafts II are slidably connected through the top of the mounting frame II. The bottom ends of the two guide shafts II are fixed with the same clamping block II. A compression spring II is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide shaft II. The two ends of the compression spring II abut against the top of the guide shaft II and the top of the mounting frame II, respectively. A waist-shaped oblique hole II is machined on one side of the clamping block II. A waist-shaped light hole II is machined on one side of the mounting frame II. The same sliding shaft II passes through the waist-shaped oblique hole II and the waist-shaped light hole II.

[0019] The outer wall of the transmission screw is machined with two threaded sections II. A locking nut ring I is threadedly sleeved on the outer wall of the threaded section II. A fixed bracket II is fixedly mounted on the top of the locking nut ring I. A connecting rod is rotatably connected between the two fixed brackets II on the same side and the sliding shaft II through a pin. Two guide shafts III are fixed between the two support seats II on the same side. The two fixed brackets I and the two fixed brackets II on the same side are slidably sleeved on the guide shafts III.

[0020] The connecting rod is rotatably connected to the pin shaft at both ends by copper sleeves, which can reduce rotational friction loss. The guide shaft III provides sliding guidance for the fixed bracket I and the fixed bracket II.

[0021] The thin plate anti-buckling limiting mechanism includes a comb tooth constraint plate I fixed on the top of the clamping block II. Two guide shafts IV are fixed on the top of the comb tooth constraint plate I. The comb tooth constraint plate II is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the two guide shafts IV. A screw is rotatably connected to the top of the comb tooth constraint plate I through a bearing. The comb tooth constraint plate II is threaded onto the screw.

[0022] The bottom of the comb tooth constraint plate II is integrally formed with a positioning pin, and the top of the clamping block II is machined with an insertion hole corresponding to the guide shaft II. The bottom end of the positioning pin passes through the tooth groove of the comb tooth constraint plate I and is inserted into the insertion hole.

[0023] The positioning pin can fix the comb tooth constraint plate II, preventing the comb tooth constraint plate II from shifting during the test.

[0024] The environmental simulation device also includes a support frame fixed to the top wall of the testing cabinet. Two guide shafts V are slidably connected through the bottom of the support frame. An electric push rod is fixed to the bottom of the support frame. The output end of the electric push rod and the bottom end of the guide shaft V are both fixed to the top of the sealed outer cover. The top of the rotary table is machined with a positioning groove corresponding to the base plate.

[0025] Among them, the electric push rod drives the sealing cover to rise and fall along the guide shaft V, and the guide shaft V can prevent the sealing cover from tilting when rising and falling.

[0026] The top of the testing cabinet is fixed with two support bases I, and a drive motor I is fixed between the two support bases I. The rotary worktable is fixed at the output end of the drive motor I. Two staggered clamping rods are inserted into the top of the rotary worktable. The top of the two clamping blocks I is machined with slots. When the sample is inserted into the two slots, it is located between the two clamping rods. The drive motor I drives the rotary worktable to rotate, which can perform bending tests on the sample.

[0027] A method for testing the mechanical properties of stainless steel using the above-mentioned equipment includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. Place the stainless steel sample in the four-corner clamping area formed by two clamping mechanisms I and two clamping mechanisms II;

[0029] S2. Start the drive motor II, which drives the transmission screw to rotate. Through the locking nut ring II and the locking nut ring I, the clamping mechanism I and the clamping mechanism II move synchronously to clamp the sample.

[0030] S3. During the tensile test, drive motor II continues to run, causing the four clamping mechanisms to move outward synchronously, applying tensile force in the X and Y axes to the sample, and collecting data through external sensors.

[0031] S4. When performing a thin plate compression test, first adjust the comb tooth constraint plate II of the thin plate anti-buckling limit mechanism to a suitable height, and insert the positioning pin into the insertion hole to fix it. Then drive the two clamping mechanisms II to move closer to each other.

[0032] S5. Axial compression is applied to the specimen. At this time, the staggered comb teeth form a lateral constraint on the specimen to prevent buckling.

[0033] S6. When conducting environmental simulation tests, control the sealing cover of the environmental simulation device to descend and close with the base plate, adjust the temperature inside the chamber to the preset value, and then conduct the corresponding mechanical tests.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. The stainless steel strong plasticity testing component disclosed in this invention, through the precise cooperation of the waist-shaped light hole I, the waist-shaped oblique hole I and the sliding shaft I, enables the clamping block I to stably fit against the sample surface. In conjunction with the anti-slip texture on the working surface of the clamping block I, it not only avoids the sample slipping during the test, but also effectively reduces scratches on the surface of the stainless steel sheet due to the controllable pre-pressure and the polished working surface. Compared with the existing clamping structure, the problems of "clamping loosening leading to test data drift" and "rigid clamping scratching the sample" are easy to occur.

[0036] 2. The stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment disclosed in this invention forms a four-corner clamping structure through two clamping mechanisms I and two clamping mechanisms II. With the opposing threaded sections I and II on the transmission screw, synchronous tensile testing in the X and Y axes is achieved, solving the problem that existing equipment can only perform uniaxial tensile testing and cannot simulate complex stress scenarios. At the same time, it integrates tensile, compression, bending and environmental simulation functions, and one device can complete the testing of multiple performance indicators of stainless steel materials, reducing the investment of enterprises in multiple dedicated devices and improving testing efficiency.

[0037] 3. The stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment disclosed in this invention addresses the problem of Euler buckling during compression of thin stainless steel sheets. The equipment incorporates a thin-plate buckling prevention and limiting mechanism. Through staggered and non-contact comb-tooth constraint plates I and II, it provides rigid support for the sample in the normal direction without interfering with axial upsetting deformation. The engagement of the positioning pin and the insertion hole ensures the fixed position of the comb teeth, preventing constraint failure during testing. Compared to the problems of existing rigid plates (high friction, easy jamming) or flexible constraints (insufficient stiffness), this structure significantly reduces the lateral bending rate in thin-plate compression tests and significantly improves the accuracy of true yield strength detection.

[0038] 4. The stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment disclosed in this invention has an environmental simulation device that uses a sealed outer cover and a silicone seal on the base plate, combined with temperature control elements evenly distributed in the chamber, to accurately simulate extreme environments such as high temperature and low temperature, thus solving the defect of existing equipment that "can only test at room temperature and cannot match actual service scenarios".

[0039] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0041] Figure 1This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a stainless steel mechanical property testing device according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the clamping mechanism of a stainless steel high plasticity testing component according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of a stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component and mechanical property testing equipment according to the present invention.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary table installation structure of a stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component and mechanical property testing equipment according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 5 This is an exploded structural diagram of the clamping mechanism I of a stainless steel high plasticity testing component according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is an exploded structural diagram of the clamping mechanism II of a stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component and mechanical property testing equipment according to the present invention.

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-buckling limiting mechanism for thin plates in a stainless steel mechanical property testing device according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 8 This is an exploded structural diagram of the comb tooth constraint plate of a stainless steel mechanical property testing device according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of an environmental simulation device for a stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment according to the present invention.

[0050] Reference numerals: 1. Testing cabinet; 2. Display and operation panel; 3. Support base I; 4. Drive motor I; 5. Support base II; 6. Support base III; 7. Transmission screw; 71. Threaded section I; 72. Threaded section II; 8. Drive motor II; 9. Clamping mechanism I; 91. Slider I; 92. Mounting frame I; 93. Oval aperture I; 94. Guide shaft I; 95. Compression spring I; 96. Oval oblique hole I; 97. Sliding shaft I; 98. Slot; 99. Clamping block I; 10. Clamping mechanism II; 101. Slider II; 102. Mounting frame II; 103. Oval aperture II; 104. Clamping block II; 1041. Insertion hole; 1 05. Guide shaft II; 106. Compression spring II; 107. Waist-shaped oblique hole II; 108. Sliding shaft II; 11. Guide shaft III; 12. Locking nut ring I; 13. Fixed bracket I; 14. Locking nut ring II; 15. Fixed bracket II; 16. Connecting rod; 17. Rotary worktable; 171. Tightening rod; 18. Thin plate anti-bending limit mechanism; 181. Comb tooth constraint plate I; 182. Comb tooth constraint plate II; 183. Guide shaft IV; 184. Screw; 185. Positioning pin; 19. Environmental simulation device; 191. Support frame; 192. Guide shaft V; 193. Electric push rod; 194. Sealing cover; 195. Base plate. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0052] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0053] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, a stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component is used to reliably clamp, accurately stretch, and controllably bend stainless steel materials. The components are designed to work together stably through modular design. It can be used individually or integrated into a complete set of equipment. The following is a detailed explanation of the component assembly logic and actual operation details.

[0056] The core load-bearing foundation of the component is the rotary table 17, which is machined from a single piece of steel. After surface quenching and tempering, its hardness is increased, brittle cracking is prevented, and it will not show significant deformation even under long-term test loads. The upper surface of the rotary table 17 is milled with strict flatness control to ensure precise positioning of the components mounted on it. The edges of the positioning groove at the top are chamfered, facilitating the quick insertion of the base plate 195 and preventing sharp edges from scratching the components.

[0057] At each end of the rotary table 17 along its length, there is a support base II5. The mounting surface of the bottom of the support base II5 is completely flush with the surface of the rotary table 17, and the two are evenly fastened by multiple bolts—the bolts are distributed along the edge of the support base II5 to ensure balanced force, and the bolt heads are embedded in the countersunk holes of the support base II5 to avoid protruding from the surface and interfering with the movement of other components. The side of the support base II5 also has pre-drilled weight-reduction holes to reduce the overall weight without affecting strength, making the component easier to handle and install.

[0058] A T-shaped groove is machined along the length of the top of the support base II5. The inner wall of the groove is ground to a high degree of smoothness. The slider I91 of the clamping mechanism I9 is ​​a T-shaped structure that matches the groove. After the slider I91 is embedded in the groove, the gap between the two is extremely small. Only a small amount of grease needs to be applied to the bottom of the groove to allow the slider I91 to slide smoothly along the groove without lateral wobbling. The top of the slider I91 is fixed to the mounting frame I92 by welding. The weld joint is ground after welding to ensure a smooth surface and avoid stress concentration.

[0059] Mounting frame I92 is a U-shaped structure with its opening facing downwards, formed by bending a single piece of steel plate. The rounded corners at the bends provide a natural transition, enhancing the structural rigidity of the frame. Two guide holes are symmetrically machined at the top of each side wall of the frame. The inner walls of these guide holes are reamed to ensure precise fit with guide shaft I94. Guide shaft I94 passes through the guide holes, and a limiting nut is screwed into its top. When the nut is tightened, it abuts against compression spring I95, placing it in a pre-compressed state. This pre-compression is controlled by the degree of nut tightening, ensuring a stable initial pressure for clamping block I99.

[0060] The clamping block I99 is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the guide shaft I94. Before welding, the two are positioned to ensure that the working surface of the clamping block I99 is perpendicular to the axis of the guide shaft I94, thus avoiding force displacement during subsequent clamping. The working surface of the clamping block I99 is not only finely polished but also machined with fine anti-slip textures, which can reduce scratches on the sample surface and enhance the friction with the sample, preventing the sample from slipping during testing. After aligning the oblong inclined hole I96 on one side of the clamping block I99 with the oblong smooth hole I93 of the mounting frame I92, the sliding shaft I97 is inserted. The two ends of the sliding shaft I97 are connected to the fixed bracket I13 by welding, forming a complete transmission link.

[0061] The bearing housing between the two support seats II5 adopts a split design, consisting of a base and an end cover. The base is fixed to the support seat II5 with bolts, and the end cover is connected to the base with bolts. The bearing installed inside the bearing housing is a deep groove ball bearing, which can withstand radial force and accommodate a small amount of axial displacement, ensuring smooth rotation of the transmission screw 7. Both ends of the transmission screw 7 pass through the inner ring of the bearing, and the ends are fixed with retaining rings to prevent axial movement. The threaded section I71 on the screw surface is finely machined with a complete thread profile, and there will be no jamming when it mates with the lock nut ring II14.

[0062] The drive motor II8 is fixed to the side of the support base II5 via a motor mount. A rubber shock-absorbing pad is placed between the motor mount and the support base II5 to reduce the vibration generated during motor operation that is transmitted to the support base II5. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the transmission lead screw 7 via a flexible coupling. This coupling has a certain compensation range, ensuring smooth power transmission and avoiding additional bending moments even if there is a slight deviation between the axis of the motor shaft and the lead screw.

[0063] The threaded section II72 on the transmission screw 7 rotates in the opposite direction to the threaded section I71. This ensures that when the screw rotates, the locking nut rings I12 and II14 move in opposite directions, preparing for the subsequent operation of different clamping mechanisms. The guide shaft III11 is fixed to the support base II5 at both ends by nuts. The shaft surface is chrome-plated for rust prevention and wear resistance. Linear bearings on the fixed brackets I13 and II15 are fitted onto the guide shaft III11, resulting in a smooth, non-jamming motion when the brackets are pushed.

[0064] The clamping rod 171 at the top of the rotary table 17 uses a conical surface to engage with the positioning hole of the rotary table 17. This engagement method is not only secure but also easy to disassemble—when it is necessary to replace the clamping rod with a different specification, it can be removed by gently tapping the top with a special tool. The staggered angle of the two clamping rods 171 is carefully designed to ensure that after the sample is inserted into the slot 98, the middle part can be evenly supported by the two clamping rods 171, and there will be no force imbalance when bending.

[0065] In practical use, this testing component has a clear and easy-to-control operating procedure: For tensile testing, the operator smoothly places the stainless steel sample between the two clamping blocks I99, ensuring the sample axis is aligned with the clamping direction. Then, the drive motor II8 is started, driving the transmission screw 7 to rotate. The locking nut ring II14 moves the fixed bracket I13, and the sliding shaft I97 pushes the clamping block I99 downwards along the trajectory of the oblique hole I96. Combined with the preload of the compression spring I95, the sample is clamped. After clamping, the motor continues to run, and the two clamping blocks I99 move outwards synchronously, applying tensile force to the sample. External force and displacement sensors can collect data in real time. For bending testing, the thin plate sample is inserted into the slot 98 at the top of the clamping block I99, with the middle of the sample resting on the two clamping rods 171. After clamping, the external drive structure drives the rotary table 17 to rotate. The clamping rods 171 form a fixed fulcrum for the sample. As the table rotates, the sample gradually bends along the fulcrum until the desired angle is reached.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Reference Figures 1-9A stainless steel mechanical property testing device is described below. The device is based on the stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component of Example 1, and adds a testing cabinet 1, clamping mechanism II 10, thin plate anti-bending limit mechanism 18 and environmental simulation device 19. Through the coordinated cooperation of each part, multi-dimensional and multi-condition stainless steel performance testing is realized. The following is a detailed description of the overall structural layout and component linkage.

[0068] The overall load-bearing capacity and protection of the equipment are provided by the testing cabinet 1. The cabinet adopts a frame structure with multiple mounting plates welded inside for fixing components such as support base II 5 and support base III 6. The surfaces of the mounting plates are all milled to ensure the flatness of the mounting base. The cabinet has openable doors on the sides and front. The doors are made of transparent acrylic material, which not only protects the internal structure but also allows operators to observe the testing process in real time. The front door has a display and operation panel 2 for controlling the operation of electrical components and displaying test results. The cabinet also has dedicated wiring channels inside, through which motor cables, sensor cables, etc., are passed to avoid cable tangling and interference with component movement, while also keeping the inside of the equipment tidy and easy to maintain.

[0069] The mounting surface at the top of the testing cabinet 1 is leveled. Two support bases I3 are fixed to this mounting surface with bolts. Leveling bolts are also installed at the bottom of support bases I3—adjusting these bolts ensures that the top surfaces of the two support bases I3 are on the same horizontal plane, preventing tilting of the drive motor I4 after installation. The drive motor I4 is fixed to the support bases I3 via flanges. A sealing gasket is placed between the flange connection surfaces to enhance connection rigidity and prevent dust from entering the motor. The motor's output shaft passes through the gap between the support bases I3 and is fixed to the rotary table 17 in Embodiment 1 via a key connection. The key and keyway fit tightly, preventing slippage during power transmission.

[0070] Inside the testing cabinet 1, two support seats III6 are symmetrically arranged between support seats II5. The structure of support seats III6 is exactly the same as that of support seats II5. Its bottom is fixed to the mounting plate inside the cabinet by bolts. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the sliding groove of support seat III6 is parallel to the sliding groove of support seat II5 to lay the foundation for subsequent synchronous clamping. A clamping mechanism II10 is installed in the sliding groove at the top of support seat III6. The components of this mechanism, such as slider II101 and mounting frame II102, have the same structure as the corresponding components of clamping mechanism I9 in embodiment one, only symmetrically distributed in installation position.

[0071] The linkage between the clamping mechanism II10 and the detection component is achieved through the connecting rod 16. The two fixed supports II15 on the same side are connected to the sliding shaft II108 by a pin. Cotter pins are fitted at both ends of the pin to prevent it from falling off during use. Copper sleeves are also fitted at both ends of the connecting rod 16 to reduce friction between the connecting rod and the pin, extending its service life. When the transmission screw 7 rotates, the locking nut ring I12 moves the fixed support II15, causing the connecting rod 16 to swing and push the sliding shaft II108 to move. This, in turn, drives the clamping block II104 of the clamping mechanism II10 to perform clamping or releasing actions, achieving synchronous linkage with the clamping mechanism I9.

[0072] The two clamping mechanisms II10 and the two clamping mechanisms I9 in Example 1 together constitute a four-corner clamping structure. During installation, the working surfaces of the four clamping blocks need to be calibrated to ensure that they are in the same plane. Calibration can be done with a special straightedge. Place the straightedge on the four clamping blocks and observe the fit between the straightedge and each clamping block. If there is a gap, it can be eliminated by adjusting the height of the support base to ensure that the clamping force on the sample is evenly distributed.

[0073] A thin-plate buckling limiting mechanism 18 is fixedly installed on the top of the clamping block II 104. This mechanism is a key structure designed for thin-plate compression testing. The comb-tooth constraint plate I 181 of this mechanism is fixed to the clamping block II 104 by bolts. The surface of the comb-tooth constraint plate I 181 is machined with evenly distributed comb teeth, and the tooth ends are rounded to provide reliable constraint without scratching the sample surface. Two guide shafts IV 183 are welded and fixed to the top of the comb-tooth constraint plate I 181. The comb-tooth constraint plate II 182 is slidably sleeved on the guide shafts. The comb teeth of the comb-tooth constraint plate II 182 and the comb teeth of the comb-tooth constraint plate I 181 are staggered and do not contact each other, so as not to interfere with the axial deformation of the sample.

[0074] A screw 184 is rotatably mounted on the top of the comb tooth constraint plate I 181 via a bearing. The screw 184 is threaded into the comb tooth constraint plate II 182. Rotating the screw 184 adjusts the height of the comb tooth constraint plate II 182, ensuring that the two sets of comb teeth are precisely fitted onto both sides of the sample. A locating pin 185 is integrally formed at the bottom of the comb tooth constraint plate II 182. A corresponding insertion hole 1041 is provided on the top of the clamping block II 104. After the locating pin 185 is inserted into the insertion hole 1041, the comb tooth constraint plate II 182 can be firmly fixed, preventing positional changes during testing.

[0075] The environmental simulation device 19 is installed above the inside of the testing cabinet 1. The support frame 191 is welded from several square tubes, providing high structural rigidity. It is fixed to the top wall of the cabinet with expansion bolts to ensure no shaking occurs when the electric push rod 193 moves. The top of the guide shaft V 192 passes through a linear bearing on the support frame 191. The linear bearing is filled with long-lasting grease to reduce friction when the guide shaft V 192 moves up and down. The cylinder of the electric push rod 193 is fixed to the bottom center of the support frame 191 by a flange. The output end of the push rod is bolted to the top of the sealing cover 194. The connection point is reinforced to prevent the sealing cover 194 from tilting when the push rod extends or retracts.

[0076] A silicone sealing ring is installed around the bottom edge of the sealing cover 194. When the cover descends and closes with the base plate 195, the sealing ring is compressed, creating a good seal and preventing heat loss or external air from entering the chamber. The temperature control elements inside the sealing cover 194 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the chamber, ensuring uniform temperature and preventing excessive local temperature differences. The base plate 195 is placed in the positioning groove of the rotary table 17. The depth of the positioning groove matches the thickness of the base plate 195, ensuring that the upper surface of the base plate 195 is flush with the surface of the rotary table 17, thus not affecting sample placement.

[0077] In actual use, the equipment can flexibly switch working modes according to testing requirements. The component coordination and operation procedures in each mode are as follows:

[0078] During tensile testing, the stainless steel specimen is placed within the area enclosed by four clamping blocks. The drive motor II8 is activated, causing the transmission screw 7 to rotate. Since the threaded sections I71 and II72 on the transmission screw 7 rotate in opposite directions, the locking nut rings II14 and I12 cause the corresponding fixed supports I13 and II15 to move relative to each other along the guide shaft III11. The fixed support I13 pushes the clamping block I99 via the sliding shaft I97, clamping the specimen. Simultaneously, the fixed support II15, via the connecting rod 16, drives the clamping block II104 of the clamping mechanism II10 to move synchronously, achieving stable clamping of the specimen at all four corners. After clamping, the drive motor II8 continues to operate, causing the four clamping blocks to move outward synchronously, applying tensile force in the X and Y axes to the specimen. External detection elements can collect the tensile force and deformation in real time, thereby obtaining the specimen's strength index.

[0079] When performing a compression test on a stainless steel sheet, first rotate screw 184 to adjust the position of the comb tooth constraint plate II 182, so that the two sets of staggered comb teeth fit against both sides of the sample. Then, insert positioning pin 185 into insertion hole 1041 to fix the comb tooth constraint plate II 182. Start drive motor II 8 to bring the two clamping mechanisms II 10 closer together, applying axial pressure to the sample. The comb tooth structure provides rigid support for the sample in the normal direction, effectively limiting lateral bending and ensuring that the sample only undergoes plastic upsetting deformation, thereby accurately obtaining the true yield strength of the sheet.

[0080] During the bending test, the thin plate sample is inserted into the slot 98 of the clamping block I99, so that the middle of the sample is between the two clamping rods 171. After the drive motor II8 clamps the sample, the drive motor I4 is started. The drive motor I4 drives the rotary table 17 to rotate at a set speed. The clamping rods 171 form a stable fulcrum for the sample. As the rotary table 17 rotates, the sample gradually bends and deforms. The bending angle can be precisely controlled by controlling the rotation angle of the drive motor I4 to meet the requirements of different test standards.

[0081] When simulating extreme environment testing is required, after the sample is clamped, the electric push rod 193 is activated. The electric push rod 193 pushes the sealing cover 194 downward along the guide shaft V 192, closing with the base plate 195 at the top of the rotary table 17 to form a sealed chamber. The temperature inside the chamber is adjusted by the temperature control element inside the sealing cover 194. After the temperature stabilizes, the corresponding mechanical tests are performed to obtain the performance data of the sample under specific conditions.

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stainless steel high plasticity testing component, characterized in that, include: Rotatable rotary table (17); Two support seats II (5) are fixed at both ends of the rotary table (17) along the length direction. The top of the support seat II (5) is slidably connected to a clamping mechanism I (9). The clamping mechanism I (9) includes a slider I (91) that slides with the top of the support seat II (5). A pressing block I (99) is movably set on the top of the slider I (91). The pressing block I (99) and the slider I (91) cooperate to clamp the sample. Two transmission screws (7) are rotatably supported between the two support seats II (5) through bearing seats. Two threaded sections I (71) are machined on the transmission screws (7). A locking nut ring II (14) is threaded on the outer wall of the threaded section I (71). A fixed bracket I (13) is fixed on the top of the locking nut ring II (14). The tops of the two fixed brackets I (13) on the same side are connected to the pressing block I (99). Two drive motors II (8) are fixed on one side of one of the support seats II (5), and the output ends of the drive motors II (8) are respectively connected to the corresponding transmission screws (7) through couplings; When the drive motor II (8) drives the transmission screw (7) to rotate, the locking nut ring II (14) drives the fixed bracket I (13) to move, thereby driving the clamping block I (99) to clamp the sample.

2. The stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism I (9) further includes a mounting frame I (92) fixed to the top of the slider I (91). The top of the mounting frame I (92) is slidably connected to two guide shafts I (94). The bottom ends of the two guide shafts I (94) are fixed to the clamping block I (99). A compression spring I (95) is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide shaft I (94). The two ends of the compression spring I (95) abut against the top of the guide shaft I (94) and the bottom of the mounting frame I (92), respectively. The clamping block I (99) has a waist-shaped oblique hole I (96) on one side, and the mounting frame I (92) has a waist-shaped light hole I (93) on one side. The same sliding shaft I (97) is inserted into the waist-shaped light hole I (93) and the waist-shaped oblique hole I (96). The two ends of the sliding shaft I (97) are respectively fixed to two fixed brackets I (13). The pre-compression amount of the compression spring I (95) can be adjusted by the nut to provide a stable initial clamping force for the clamping block I (99).

3. A mechanical property testing device for stainless steel, characterized in that, The stainless steel strength and plasticity testing component according to claim 2 further includes: The testing cabinet (1) has two support seats II (5) fixed inside the testing cabinet (1); two support seats III (6) are fixed inside the testing cabinet (1) and located outside the support seats II (5). The top of the support seats III (6) is slidably connected to a clamping mechanism II (10) that works with the clamping mechanism I (9). The two clamping mechanisms II (10) and the two clamping mechanisms I (9) form a four-corner clamping structure, which can perform synchronous tensile tests on the X and Y axes of the material. Two sets of thin plate buckling restraint mechanisms (18) are fixed on clamping mechanism II (10). The comb teeth of the two thin plate buckling restraint mechanisms (18) are interlaced and do not contact each other. When the two clamping mechanisms II (10) move towards each other to apply pressure to the thin plate sample, the thin plate buckling restraint mechanism (18) can restrict the thin plate sample from Euler buckling, ensuring that its true yield strength is measured. An environmental simulation device (19) is installed inside a testing cabinet (1). The environmental simulation device (19) includes a sealed outer cover (194) that can be lifted and installed inside the testing cabinet (1). A base plate (195) is provided inside the testing cabinet (1). The sealed outer cover (194) and the base plate (195) are closed to form a sealed chamber, which can perform high and low temperature environment simulation tests on the sample.

4. The stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism II (10) includes a slider II (101) that slides with the top of the support seat III (6). The top of the slider II (101) is fixedly provided with a mounting frame II (102). The top of the mounting frame II (102) is slidably connected to two guide shafts II (105). The bottom ends of the two guide shafts II (105) are fixedly provided with the same pressing block II (104). The outer wall of the guide shaft II (105) is fitted with a compression spring II (106). The two ends of the compression spring II (106) abut against the top of the guide shaft II (105) and the top of the mounting frame II (102) respectively. One side of the pressing block II (104) is machined with a waist-shaped oblique hole II (107). One side of the mounting frame II (102) is machined with a waist-shaped light hole II (103). The waist-shaped oblique hole II (107) and the waist-shaped light hole II (103) are connected with the same sliding shaft II (108).

5. The stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transmission screw (7) has two threaded sections II (72) machined on its outer wall. The threaded section II (72) is threaded with a locking nut ring I (12). The top of the locking nut ring I (12) is fixedly provided with a fixed bracket II (15). The two fixed brackets II (15) on the same side are rotatably connected to the sliding shaft II (108) by a connecting rod (16) through a pin. The two support seats II (5) on the same side are fixedly provided with two guide shafts III (11). The two fixed brackets I (13) and the two fixed brackets II (15) on the same side are slidably sleeved on the guide shafts III (11). Among them, the two ends of the connecting rod (16) are rotatably connected to the pin shaft through copper sleeves, which can reduce rotational friction loss. The guide shaft III (11) provides sliding guidance for the fixed bracket I (13) and the fixed bracket II (15).

6. The stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The thin plate anti-buckling limiting mechanism (18) includes a comb tooth constraint plate I (181) fixed on the top of the clamping block II (104). Two guide shafts IV (183) are fixed on the top of the comb tooth constraint plate I (181). The comb tooth constraint plate II (182) is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the two guide shafts IV (183). A screw (184) is rotatably connected to the top of the comb tooth constraint plate I (181) through a bearing. The comb tooth constraint plate II (182) is threaded onto the screw (184).

7. The stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the comb tooth constraint plate II (182) is integrally formed with a positioning pin (185), and the top of the clamping block II (104) is machined with an insertion hole (1041) corresponding to the guide shaft II (105). The bottom end of the positioning pin (185) passes through the tooth groove of the comb tooth constraint plate I (181) and is inserted into the insertion hole (1041). The positioning pin (185) can fix the comb tooth constraint plate II (182) to prevent the comb tooth constraint plate II (182) from shifting during the test.

8. The stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The environmental simulation device (19) also includes a support frame (191) fixed to the top wall of the testing cabinet (1). The bottom of the support frame (191) is slidably connected to two guide shafts V (192). An electric push rod (193) is fixed to the bottom of the support frame (191). The output end of the electric push rod (193) and the bottom end of the guide shaft V (192) are both fixed to the top of the sealed outer cover (194). The top of the rotary table (17) is machined with a positioning groove corresponding to the base plate (195). Among them, the electric push rod (193) drives the sealing cover (194) to rise and fall along the guide shaft V (192).

9. The stainless steel mechanical property testing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the testing cabinet (1) is fixed with two support seats I (3), and a drive motor I (4) is fixed between the two support seats I (3). The rotary table (17) is fixed at the output end of the drive motor I (4). Two staggered clamping rods (171) are inserted into the top of the rotary table (17). The top of the two clamping blocks I (99) is machined with slots (98). When the sample is inserted into the two slots (98), it is located between the two clamping rods (171). The drive motor I (4) drives the rotary table (17) to rotate so that the sample can be bent.

10. A method for testing the mechanical properties of stainless steel using the equipment described in any one of claims 3-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the stainless steel sample in the four-corner clamping area consisting of two clamping mechanisms I (9) and two clamping mechanisms II (10); S2. Start the drive motor II (8) to drive the transmission screw (7) to rotate. Through the locking nut ring II (14) and locking nut ring I (12), drive the clamping mechanism I (9) and clamping mechanism II (10) to move synchronously and clamp the sample. S3. When performing tensile testing, drive motor II (8) continues to run, causing the four clamping mechanisms to move outward synchronously, applying tensile force in the X and Y directions to the sample, and collecting data through external sensors. S4. When performing a thin plate compression test, first adjust the comb tooth constraint plate II (182) of the thin plate anti-buckling limiting mechanism (18) to a suitable height, and insert the positioning pin (185) into the socket (1041) to fix it. Then drive the two clamping mechanisms II (10) to move closer to each other. S5. Axial compression is applied to the specimen. At this time, the staggered comb teeth form a lateral constraint on the specimen to prevent buckling. S6. When conducting environmental simulation tests, control the sealing cover (194) of the environmental simulation device (19) to descend and close with the base plate (195), adjust the temperature inside the chamber to the preset value, and then conduct the corresponding mechanical tests.

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