A carbon slide plate current-carrying friction and wear test system

Abstract

This invention discloses a carbon sliding contactor current-carrying friction and wear testing system, relating to the field of railway testing equipment technology, including a testing device and a control unit. The control unit includes: a standardized control parameter database; a test parameter self-generation module for automatically generating target test parameters based on the database; the testing device includes: a high-speed rotation module for driving the contact wire to rotate, simulating the relative sliding speed between the pantograph and catenary during train operation; and a multi-mechanism linkage closed-loop control module, including a simulated zigzag motion module for simulating the lateral oscillation of the carbon sliding contactor based on the target test parameters, and a contact force loading module for simulating the dynamic contact force between the carbon sliding contactor and the contact wire, making the lateral oscillation of the carbon sliding contactor and the dynamic contact force between the carbon sliding contactor and the contact wire similar to actual working conditions. This invention can accurately reproduce the key conditions of abnormal wear of the carbon sliding contactor, realize data-driven self-generation of test parameters and multi-parameter linkage control, and effectively improve the fidelity of the test conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway testing equipment technology, and more specifically to a carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of the electric locomotive power supply system, the pantograph-catenary system's current-carrying friction and wear performance between the pantograph's contact wire and the contact plate directly affects the safety and economy of train operation. With the rapid development of high-speed railways and urban rail transit, the pantograph-catenary system faces severe challenges in its service reliability under higher speeds, larger currents, and more complex environmental conditions.

[0003] Several countries abroad have built high-speed railway pantograph-catenary relationship test benches. The wear test bench at the Polytechnic University of Milan in Italy supports basic tests on different combinations of locomotive speed, pantograph pressure, and friction materials. The Japan Railway Research Institute has multiple pantograph-catenary related test benches, capable of conducting tests on pantograph, contact wire performance, sliding plate wear, and material friction, but their functions are relatively limited, focusing on qualitative basic research. The wear test bench of AEG in Germany has conducted systematic tests on various contact wires and carbon sliding plates. European test benches generally have comprehensive functions, with higher speeds for sliding plate wear tests and lower speeds for pantograph-catenary relationship tests. In China, relevant testing equipment has also reached a certain level, such as the pantograph-catenary relationship test bench of the China Academy of Railway Sciences, the high-speed railway pantograph-catenary arc test system of Southwest Jiaotong University, and the sliding wear test platform of Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology. These devices are all equipped with contact wire and pantograph devices and can conduct tests related to wear, current collection, dynamic performance, and friction mechanisms.

[0004] However, existing testing equipment still has the following technical shortcomings: 1. Existing test equipment generally suffers from low operational condition reproduction. Most equipment is unable to simultaneously achieve the coordinated operation of three major functions: high-speed rotation to simulate the relative sliding speed of the pantograph and catenary, lateral swing of the sliding plate to replicate the zigzag current collection trajectory, and precise application and detection of constant contact force. This results in a significant deviation between the test conditions and the actual operating state of pantograph-catenary contact in rail transit.

[0005] 2. The configuration of test parameters is highly dependent on the operator's experience and is difficult to automatically adapt to the optimal working conditions under different environmental conditions, resulting in a certain deviation between the test results and the actual service conditions on site.

[0006] 3. Most of the test equipment focuses on basic research such as arc characteristics and wear performance under normal speed and normal environment, and lacks the ability to specifically simulate the abnormal wear of carbon slide plates in low humidity environment of pantograph-catenary system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention discloses a carbon sliding contactor current-carrying friction and wear testing system. Based on multi-source data from the field, this invention automatically configures test parameters and addresses the industry pain point of abnormal wear of carbon sliding contactors in pantograph-catenary systems due to low humidity. It develops a dedicated abnormal wear testing device for pantograph carbon sliding contactors. The entire testing device has a clear functional division and accurate operating condition simulation, completely reproducing the pantograph-catenary contact operation state in railway fields, providing standardized test conditions for abnormal wear mechanism research and wear resistance testing. The platform integrates multiple core functional modules, which work together to achieve stable contact pressure control and replicate the actual operating trajectory and current-carrying conditions. Through standardized parameter settings, a constant contact force of 120N is maintained between the sliding contactor and the simulated contact line, accurately simulating the zigzag current-carrying sliding process. This comprehensively solves the problem of low operating condition reproduction in traditional testing equipment, adapting to various pantograph carbon sliding contactor wear testing needs. The overall structure is compact, the operation is stable, and it conforms to the standards for pantograph-catenary testing in rail transit. This invention enables pantograph-catenary operation tests under conditions such as a maximum rotation speed of 100 km / h, a pantograph-catenary contact force of 120 N, a current of 500 A, and zigzag motion. The equipment is small in size and can be placed in a humidity chamber to conduct tests, so as to maximize the reproduction of field conditions in a laboratory environment and help study the abnormal wear mechanism of the pantograph-catenary.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system includes a testing device and a control unit for controlling the operation of the testing device; The control unit includes: Based on the multi-dimensional data of pantograph-catenary wear collected on site, a standardized control parameter database was constructed through standardized preprocessing, correlation analysis and weight calculation. The test parameter self-generation module is used to automatically generate target test parameters based on the standardized control parameter database, including target oscillation frequency and target contact force value; The test apparatus includes components mounted on a mounting base: The high-speed rotating module is used to drive the contact wire to rotate, simulating the relative sliding speed between the pantograph and the catenary when the train is running, and forming a current-carrying friction pair with the carbon sliding plate; The multi-mechanism linkage closed-loop control module includes a simulated zigzag motion module for simulating the lateral swing of the carbon slide plate according to the target test parameters, and a contact force loading module for simulating the dynamic contact force between the carbon slide plate and the contact line, so that the test operation state of the lateral swing of the carbon slide plate and the dynamic contact force between the carbon slide plate and the contact line is similar to the actual working conditions. Preferably, the high-speed rotation module includes: A support shaft, and a disk mounted on the support shaft, wherein a contact line is mounted on the disk; A drive disk that drives the support shaft and the disc to rotate at high speed, and a transmission component that cooperates with the drive disk, receive rotational power to make the contact line move at high speed and come into contact with the carbon sliding plate to generate friction and wear, thereby simulating the relative sliding speed of the pantograph and catenary. The bearings fitted onto the support shaft are used to ensure the smoothness and centering of the support shaft during high-speed operation, while also bearing radial and axial loads. The locking block installed on the surface of the disk is used to axially limit the contact line; The bushing fitted on the support shaft is used to position the inner ring of the bearing or adjacent parts, to adjust the axial clearance as a spacer, and to reduce direct wear between the shaft and the parts.

[0009] Preferably, the testing apparatus further includes a rotary drive module mounted on the mounting base, the rotary drive module comprising: The drive component mounting base is used to fix the rotary drive component, ensure the alignment accuracy between the rotary drive component shaft and the transmission components, and absorb the vibration of the rotary drive component during operation. A rotary drive component, used to receive commands from the control unit and output specified speed and torque; A drive disk is mounted on the output shaft end of the rotary drive component. The drive disk meshes with the transmission component and is used to transmit the rotational motion and torque output by the rotary drive component to the high-speed rotation module.

[0010] Preferably, the simulated zigzag motion module includes: The oscillating drive is used to receive the oscillating frequency command from the control unit and output rotational motion; The linkage mechanism, with one end connected to the output shaft of the swing drive and the other end connected to the slide plate support, is used to convert the rotational motion into the periodic lateral swing of the slide plate support, forming a zigzag motion trajectory. The guide rail provides linear guidance for the skateboard support, defining the path and range of lateral swing; A bushing is installed at the hinge point of a linkage mechanism or the sliding part of a guide rail to reduce friction and wear of the moving parts.

[0011] Preferably, the contact force loading module includes: A pressure sensor is used to detect the normal contact force between the carbon slide plate and the contact wire in real time and feed it back to the control unit. A pneumatic device is used to receive adjustment commands from the control unit, and adjust the output pressure in a closed loop according to the feedback signal from the pressure sensor to apply a constant contact force to the carbon slide plate, simulating the dynamic contact pressure between the pantograph and the catenary.

[0012] Preferably, the construction of a standardized control parameter database includes: building a three-layer data acquisition system with existing operational data reuse, routine daily maintenance data collection, and precise data collection by dedicated testing equipment; clarifying the acquisition channels, collection methods, update cycles, and management standards for various types of data; and achieving standardized and systematic data collection. Standardized preprocessing and spatiotemporal alignment correction are carried out on the aggregated multi-source heterogeneous data to remove data deviations and interference information. Through single-factor correlation analysis and multi-factor coupling correlation analysis, the influence weight of each factor on pantograph-catenary wear is quantified, key sensitive causes are screened, and a priority list of wear influencing factors is established.

[0013] Preferably, the construction of a standardized control parameter database includes: the constructed standardized feature database adopts a hierarchical modular architecture to match six big data dimensions and set corresponding sub-databases, the sub-databases include a catenary structure parameter sub-database, a vehicle pantograph operation parameter sub-database, a line foundation parameter sub-database, a traction load and passenger flow parameter sub-database, an environmental service parameter sub-database, and an abnormal wear and fault sub-database; the standardized feature database has multi-dimensional data retrieval, statistical analysis, feature extraction and visualization display functions.

[0014] Preferably, the control unit further includes a safety protection module, which is equipped with a dual hardware and software emergency stop protection mechanism and parameter over-limit safety interlock logic. When any test parameter exceeds a preset safety threshold, the interlock protection is automatically triggered and the test device is stopped from operating.

[0015] Preferably, the multi-mechanism linkage closed-loop control module is also used to perform multi-parameter coordinated control of the rotation speed of the high-speed rotating module, the oscillation frequency of the simulated zigzag motion module, and the contact pressure of the contact force loading module, so as to realize the linkage closed-loop regulation of rotation speed, pull-out value, and contact pressure.

[0016] Preferably, the control unit further includes a high-power test power supply and an arc generating module for reproducing the pantograph-catenary current-carrying operation and offline arc-induced electrical service conditions.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The test device of the present invention drives the contact line to rotate through the high-speed rotating module to simulate the relative sliding speed of the pantograph and the catenary. The carbon slide plate is driven to make periodic lateral swing through the simulated zigzag motion module to replicate the zigzag current collection trajectory. The contact force loading module, which includes a pneumatic device and a pressure sensor, realizes the precise application and detection of a constant contact force of 120N on the carbon slide plate. The three modules work together to completely restore the actual operating state of the pantograph and catenary contact in rail transit. It effectively overcomes the problem of low working condition reproduction of traditional equipment. It has the outstanding advantages of compact structure, stable operation, and adaptability to various pantograph carbon slide plate wear test requirements, and provides a reliable mechanical execution platform for the study of abnormal wear mechanism.

[0018] (2) The self-generating module of the test parameters of this invention abandons the subjectivity and uncertainty of traditional parameter setting based on manual experience. It collects multi-dimensional data of pantograph-catenary wear on site to construct a standardized feature database and generates target test parameters such as target swing frequency and target contact force value. This enables the test parameter configuration to be accurately matched with the multi-factor coupling law of actual pantograph-catenary wear on site, thereby significantly improving the reproduction degree of test conditions and the reference value of data. It provides scientific, reproducible and self-consistent standardized test conditions for special research such as abnormal wear in low humidity.

[0019] (3) This invention is highly targeted and fills a gap in the field: Compared with existing equipment at home and abroad, this invention focuses on low humidity current-carrying wear research, realizes high-speed energized operation, has the advantages of small size and can be placed in a controllable environment, and breaks through the limitations of existing equipment in terms of weak targeting and insufficient depth of wear condition simulation.

[0020] (4) The present invention has a high degree of working condition reproduction and closely matches the actual situation on site: it accurately replicates the special characteristics of the pantograph-catenary contact environment, and combines the three core modules to achieve a constant contact force of 120N, zigzag current-carrying sliding and current-carrying friction dual simulation. The test conditions are highly consistent with the actual operating conditions of the railway site, and the test data has higher reference value.

[0021] (5) The present invention is precise and efficient, and adaptable to specific needs: It avoids the problems of complicated functions and weak specific testing of existing equipment at home and abroad. It focuses on abnormal wear-related tests of carbon sliding plates, and can efficiently carry out wear mechanism research and wear resistance test, adapting to the specific test needs of various pantograph carbon sliding plates.

[0022] (6) The parameters of this invention are controllable and stable, and the operation is in line with the operation and maintenance: the structure is highly integrated and the operation is stable. The relevant parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the test requirements. The operation is convenient. Compared with similar equipment at home and abroad, it is more in line with the actual needs of on-site operation and maintenance testing of rail transit and provides more accurate test support. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon slide plate current-carrying friction and wear test system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the high-speed rotating module of the experimental apparatus of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotation drive module of the experimental device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the integration of the simulated zigzag motion module and the contact force loading module of the experimental device of the present invention; Figure label: 1. Mounting base; 2. High-speed rotation module; 21. Support shaft; 22. Disc; 23. Drive disc; 24. Bearing; 25. Clamping block; 26. Bushing; 3. Simulated zigzag motion module; 31. Swing drive component; 32. Linkage mechanism; 33. Guide rail; 4. Contact force loading module; 41. Pneumatic device; 42. Pressure sensor; 5. Rotation drive module; 51. Drive component mounting base; 52. Rotation drive component; 53. Drive component disc; 6. Slide plate support; 7. Carbon slide plate; 8. Transmission component. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 A carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a test apparatus and a control unit for controlling the operation of the test apparatus; The control unit includes: Based on the multi-dimensional data of pantograph-catenary wear collected on site, a standardized control parameter database was constructed through standardized preprocessing, correlation analysis and weight calculation. The test parameter self-generation module is used to automatically generate target test parameters based on a standardized control parameter database, including target oscillation frequency and target contact force value; like Figure 2 As shown, the test apparatus includes components mounted on the mounting base 1: The high-speed rotating module 2 is used to drive the contact wire to rotate, simulating the relative sliding speed between the pantograph and the catenary when the train is running, and forms a current-carrying friction pair with the carbon sliding plate 7. The multi-mechanism linkage closed-loop control module includes a simulated zigzag motion module 3 for simulating the lateral swing of the carbon slide plate 7 according to the target test parameters, and a contact force loading module 4 for simulating the dynamic contact force between the carbon slide plate 7 and the contact line, so that the test operation state of the lateral swing of the carbon slide plate 7 and the dynamic contact force between the carbon slide plate 7 and the contact line is similar to the actual working conditions. In this embodiment, the test apparatus includes a mounting base 1, a high-speed rotating module 2, a simulated zigzag motion module 3, a contact force loading module 4, a rotating drive module 5, a sliding plate support 6, and a transmission component 8 (chain). The chain, as a power transmission component, transmits the rotational motion output from the motor of the rotating drive module 5 to the high-speed rotating module 2, ensuring smooth power transmission and coordinating the synchronous movements between the various motion modules. The rotating drive module 5 is responsible for driving the high-speed rotating module 2 to rotate. The mounting base 1 provides a stable mounting reference for the high-speed rotating module 2, the simulated zigzag motion module 3, the contact force loading module 4, and the rotating drive module 5, ensuring the relative positional accuracy and overall rigidity between the modules and reducing vibration and displacement deviations during the test. The simulated zigzag motion module 3 drives the carbon sliding plate 7 on the sliding plate support 6 to perform periodic lateral oscillations, replicating the zigzag current collection trajectory of the pantograph sliding plate relative to the contact wire, simulating the lateral motion characteristics of a train during operation, and providing realistic motion boundary conditions for abnormal wear tests. The sliding plate holder 6 is used to fix the pantograph carbon sliding plate sample and applies a controllable constant contact force using the contact force loading module 4 to simulate the dynamic contact pressure between the pantograph and the catenary. It also facilitates quick replacement of different sliding plate models, adapting to various wear-specific tests of carbon sliding plates. The high-speed rotation module 2 drives the contact wire fixed to the disc to rotate at high speed, simulating the relative sliding speed between the pantograph and the catenary during train operation. This forms a current-carrying friction pair with the sliding plate, enabling wear and current-collecting characteristic tests under high-speed sliding conditions.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the high-speed rotating module 2 includes: Support shaft 21, and disk 22 mounted on support shaft 21, with contact wire mounted on disk 22; The drive disk 23, which drives the support shaft 21 and the disc 22 to rotate at high speed, and the transmission component 8 that cooperates with the drive disk 23, receive rotational power so that the contact line moves at high speed and contacts the carbon slide plate 7 to generate friction and wear, thereby simulating the relative sliding speed of the pantograph and catenary. The bearing 24, which is sleeved on the support shaft 21, is used to ensure the smoothness and centering of the support shaft during high-speed operation, and at the same time bears radial and axial loads. The locking block 25, installed on the surface of the disc 22, is used to axially limit the contact line; The bushing 26, which is fitted onto the support shaft 21, is used to position the inner ring of the bearing or adjacent parts, and acts as a spacer to adjust the axial clearance, while reducing direct wear between the shaft and the parts.

[0027] In this embodiment, the high-speed rotating module 2, as the core operating component of the test platform, is the main load-bearing body simulating the contact wire. It undertakes the basic operational function of the pantograph-catenary relative sliding, simulating the relative motion state of the contact wire during rail transit operation through high-speed stable rotation. In conjunction with other modules, it realizes the high-speed current-carrying friction test between the sliding plate and the contact wire. The operation process is smooth and vibration-free, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the wear test data and providing basic hardware support for dynamic wear simulation. The module mainly includes a drive disc 23 (chain disc), bearings 24, locking blocks 25, bushings 26, and a support shaft 21. The chain disc meshes with the chain, transmitting the rotational power output from the motor to the support shaft 21 (rotating shaft) of the high-speed rotating module, driving the disc to rotate at high speed and simulating the relative sliding speed of the pantograph and catenary. The bearings 24 support the support shaft 21 in the high-speed rotating module 2, ensuring the stability and alignment of the support shaft 21 during high-speed operation, while also bearing radial and axial loads, improving system rigidity and service life. The locking blocks 25 are installed on the disc 22 to axially limit the contact line, preventing axial movement during rotation. The bushings 26 are fitted onto the support shaft 21 to position the bearing inner ring or adjacent parts, and can also act as spacers to adjust axial clearance, while reducing direct wear between the shaft and parts, facilitating disassembly and maintenance. The support shaft 21, as the core load-bearing component of the rotating shaft, provides precise installation references and rotational support for the chain disc, bearings, bushings, etc., ensuring the overall rigidity and motion stability of the high-speed rotating module.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, the test apparatus also includes a rotary drive module 5 mounted on the mounting base 1. The rotary drive module 5 includes: The drive component mounting base 51 is used to fix the rotary drive component 52, ensure the alignment accuracy between the rotary drive component shaft and the transmission component, and absorb the vibration of the rotary drive component 52 during operation. The rotary drive unit 52 is used to receive commands from the control unit and output specified speed and torque; The drive disk 53 is installed at the output shaft end of the rotary drive 52. The drive disk 53 meshes with the transmission component 8 and is used to transmit the rotational motion and torque output by the rotary drive 52 to the high-speed rotation module 2.

[0029] In this invention, the rotary drive module 5 serves as the core power source of the entire platform, driven by a motor. The motor drive structure provides continuous and stable power output to the high-speed rotary module 2, precisely controlling the rotational speed and operational stability. It can adjust the operating speed according to test requirements, matching the pantograph-catenary operation conditions at different vehicle speeds, while ensuring smooth power transmission and preventing power fluctuations from affecting test parameters. This achieves controllable and adjustable test conditions, providing core power assurance for the stable operation of the entire equipment. The rotary drive module 5 includes a motor mounting base, a chain drive, and a motor. The motor mounting base secures the motor, ensuring alignment accuracy between the motor shaft and transmission components such as the chain drive and chain, while also absorbing vibrations during motor operation to improve motion control stability. The chain drive is mounted on the motor output shaft and meshes with the chain, transmitting the rotational motion and torque output by the motor to the subsequent high-speed rotary module for power transmission. The motor, as the drive source, receives control commands and outputs specified speed and torque, providing adjustable power to the entire test platform and achieving controllable speed and adjustable test conditions.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, the simulated zigzag motion module 3 includes: The oscillating drive 31 is used to receive the oscillating frequency command from the control unit and output rotational motion; The linkage mechanism 32 is connected to the output shaft of the swing drive 31 at one end and to the slide plate support 6 at the other end. It is used to convert the rotational motion into the periodic lateral swing of the slide plate support, forming a zigzag motion trajectory. The guide rail 33 provides linear guidance for the skateboard support 6, limiting the path and range of lateral swing; A bushing is installed at the hinge point of a linkage mechanism or the sliding part of a guide rail to reduce friction and wear of the moving parts.

[0031] like Figure 5 As shown, the contact force loading module 4 includes: Pressure sensor 42 is used to detect the normal contact force between carbon slide plate 7 and contact line in real time and feed it back to the control unit; The pneumatic device 41 is used to receive the adjustment command from the control unit, adjust the output pressure in a closed loop according to the feedback signal from the pressure sensor 42, and apply a constant contact force to the carbon slide plate to simulate the dynamic contact pressure between the pantograph and the catenary.

[0032] In this embodiment, the simulated zigzag motion module 3 uses the sliding plate support 6 as its structural core. The sliding plate support 6 can drive the carbon sliding plate fixed on it to perform regular reciprocating motion, accurately replicating the zigzag current-carrying sliding trajectory of the pantograph sliding plate in actual operation of the existing railway, highly restoring the relative motion posture on site, so that the wear trajectory generated by the test closely matches the actual working conditions, thereby significantly improving the restoration degree and data reference value of the abnormal wear test.

[0033] For the simulated zigzag motion module 3, the linkage mechanism 32 (which can be a crank-slider mechanism) connects the output shaft of the swing drive component 31 (motor) to the slide plate support, converting the rotational motion of the motor into the periodic lateral swing of the slide plate, forming a zigzag motion trajectory. A bushing is installed at the linkage hinge point or the guide rail sliding part to reduce friction and wear of the moving pair, ensuring smooth and unhindered swinging motion and improving motion accuracy. The guide rail provides linear guidance for the slide plate support, limiting the path and range of the lateral swing of the slide plate, ensuring the stability and directional accuracy of the zigzag motion. The motor, as the driving source of the zigzag motion, outputs the set speed and angle according to the control command, driving the slide plate to perform periodic lateral swinging through the linkage mechanism, simulating the lateral relative motion between the pantograph and catenary during train operation. The carbon slide plate, as the test object, is fixed on the slide plate support and forms a current-carrying friction pair with the high-speed rotating simulated contact line, conducting wear tests under the zigzag motion trajectory.

[0034] For the contact force loading module 4, the pressure sensor 42 detects the normal contact force between the carbon slide plate and the simulated contact line in real time and sends a feedback signal to the control unit for closed-loop adjustment of the output pressure of the pneumatic device to achieve constant contact force control; the pneumatic device 41 includes an air compressor, cylinder, pressure regulating valve, etc., and applies a constant contact force to the carbon slide plate according to the feedback signal or preset value of the pressure sensor to simulate the dynamic contact pressure between the pantograph and the catenary.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, the simulated zigzag motion module 3 and the contact force loading module 4 are integrated together. Specifically, the pneumatic device 41 is mounted on the slider output end of the linkage mechanism 32. A sensor mounting plate is mounted on the output end above the pneumatic device 41. A pressure sensor 42 is mounted on the sensor mounting plate. A slide plate support 6 is mounted on the pressure sensor 42. A carbon slide plate 7 is mounted on the slide plate support 6.

[0036] Example 2 This embodiment further elaborates on the control unit based on the above embodiments.

[0037] As a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the construction of a standardized control parameter database includes: constructing a three-layer data acquisition system consisting of existing operational data reuse, routine daily maintenance data collection, and precise data collection by dedicated testing equipment; clarifying the acquisition channels, collection methods, update cycles, and management standards for various types of data; achieving standardized and systematic data collection; performing standardized preprocessing and spatiotemporal alignment correction on the aggregated multi-source heterogeneous data; eliminating data deviations and interference information; quantifying the influence weight of each factor on pantograph-catenary wear through single-factor correlation analysis and multi-factor coupling correlation analysis; screening key sensitive causes; and establishing a priority list of wear-influencing factors.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of this example, the construction of a standardized control parameter database includes: the constructed standardized feature database adopts a hierarchical modular architecture to match six big data dimensions and set corresponding sub-databases. The sub-databases include a catenary structure parameter sub-database, a vehicle pantograph operation parameter sub-database, a line foundation parameter sub-database, a traction load and passenger flow parameter sub-database, an environmental service parameter sub-database, and an abnormal wear and fault sub-database. The standardized feature database has multi-dimensional data retrieval, statistical analysis, feature extraction, and visualization display functions.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the control unit further includes a safety protection module. The safety protection module is equipped with a dual hardware and software emergency stop protection mechanism and parameter over-limit safety interlock logic. When any test parameter exceeds a preset safety threshold, the interlock protection is automatically triggered and the test device is stopped from operating.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of this invention, the multi-mechanism linkage closed-loop control module is also used to perform multi-parameter coordinated control of the rotation speed of the high-speed rotating module, the oscillation frequency of the simulated zigzag motion module, and the contact pressure of the contact force loading module, so as to realize the linkage closed-loop regulation of rotation speed, pull-out value, and contact pressure.

[0041] In this embodiment, the control unit adopts a hierarchical control architecture, achieving high-precision closed-loop control of multiple mechanisms through the simulation turntable speed, lateral pull-out value, and pantograph contact pressure. This accurately replicates the operating conditions of actual rail transit operations, such as running speed, pantograph-catenary contact pressure, and pull-out value deviation. Simultaneously, in conjunction with a high-power test power supply and an arc generation unit, it effectively reproduces electrical service conditions such as pantograph-catenary current-carrying operation and offline arc excitation. The system focuses on the need for multi-source data mining and standardized collection of pantograph-catenary wear patterns. It systematically collects field data based on the multi-field coupling wear characteristics of DC traction pantograph-catenary systems, identifying six core data dimensions: catenary structural parameters, vehicle pantograph operating parameters, track foundation parameters, traction load and passenger flow parameters, environmental service parameters, and abnormal wear faults. This comprehensively covers all factors influencing pantograph-catenary wear. A three-tiered data collection system is constructed, encompassing existing operational data reuse, routine daily maintenance data collection, and precise data collection using dedicated testing equipment. The system clarifies the acquisition channels, collection methods, update cycles, and management standards for various data types, achieving standardized and systematic data collection. Standardized preprocessing and spatiotemporal alignment correction were performed on the aggregated multi-source heterogeneous data to remove data bias and interference. Single-factor correlation analysis and multi-factor coupling correlation analysis were used to quantify the influence weight of each factor on pantograph-catenary wear, screen key sensitive causes, and establish a priority list of wear influencing factors. Based on this, a standardized feature database of abnormal wear of rigid pantograph-catenary systems in urban rail transit was built. A hierarchical modular architecture was adopted to match six data dimensions with corresponding sub-databases, providing multi-dimensional data retrieval, statistical analysis, feature extraction, and visualization functions. This provides standardized data support for wear mechanism modeling, pattern analysis, and experimental design. The control system relies on a standardized database to support the configuration of test parameters, real-time monitoring of operating conditions, storage and analysis of multi-source test data, intelligent early warning of abnormal operating conditions, and fully automated operation of the test process. It is equipped with dual emergency stop protection in both hardware and software and safety interlocking logic for parameter over-limit. It can accurately simulate the entire process of abnormal wear of the pantograph and catenary under the combined effects of mechanical friction wear, arc ablation, and multiple factors. It provides a test platform and control guarantee for the study of the wear mechanism of pantograph and catenary materials, the verification of service condition adaptability, and the development of abnormal wear prevention and control technologies. The operating conditions can be accurately reproduced, the process can be monitored throughout, and the data can be completely traced.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of this example, the multi-source data acquisition and feature database construction module acquires multi-dimensional data including environmental service parameters, which include environmental humidity; the test parameter self-generation module automatically generates target test parameters for low humidity environments based on the correlation analysis results and weight calculations between environmental service parameters and pantograph-catenary wear, which include target contact force value, target oscillation frequency and target rotation speed. The control unit also includes an arc generation module and a test data feedback module. The multi-mechanism linkage closed-loop control module synchronously controls the arc intensity of the arc generation module according to the target test parameters to simulate the coupling effect of offline arc ablation and mechanical friction under low humidity environment. The test data feedback module transmits the actual wear data and arc data collected during the test back to the standardized feature database to update the correlation analysis and weight calculation between environmental service parameters and pantograph-catenary wear, so that the simulation accuracy of abnormal wear under low humidity environment can be continuously optimized in subsequent test parameter configuration.

[0043] The key points of this invention are as follows: (1) To address the industry pain point of abnormal wear of carbon sliding plates, a special test platform adapted to on-site working conditions was developed, which can provide standardized test conditions for the study of carbon sliding plate wear mechanism and wear resistance test. The device is small in size and easy to set up, and can be flexibly placed in various simulated test environments to successfully carry out friction and wear tests under humidity control and various environmental variables.

[0044] (2) The carbon slide plate is used in conjunction with the air compressor and cylinder to achieve precise control of 120N constant normal force; at the same time, the slide plate support is used as the core to drive the carbon slide plate to achieve lateral sliding, replicate the zigzag current-carrying sliding trajectory, and complete the simulation of dual working conditions of current-carrying friction.

[0045] (3) Based on the results of the mining of multi-source data patterns of pantograph-catenary wear and the standardized feature database, configure the parameters of the test device to truly restore the operating conditions such as the running speed, pantograph-catenary contact pressure, and pull-out value deviation in the actual operation of rail transit, so as to meet the special test research needs of abnormal wear of carbon sliding plates of different types of pantographs.

[0046] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalents or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system, characterized in that, This includes the testing apparatus and the control unit that controls the operation of the testing apparatus; The control unit includes: Based on the multi-dimensional data of pantograph-catenary wear collected on site, a standardized control parameter database was constructed through standardized preprocessing, correlation analysis and weight calculation. The test parameter self-generation module is used to automatically generate target test parameters based on the standardized control parameter database, including target oscillation frequency and target contact force value; The test apparatus includes components mounted on a mounting base: The high-speed rotating module is used to drive the contact wire to rotate, simulating the relative sliding speed between the pantograph and the catenary when the train is running, and forming a current-carrying friction pair with the carbon sliding plate; The multi-mechanism linkage closed-loop control module includes a simulated zigzag motion module for simulating the lateral swing of the carbon slide plate according to the target test parameters, and a contact force loading module for simulating the dynamic contact force between the carbon slide plate and the contact line, so that the test operation state of the lateral swing of the carbon slide plate and the dynamic contact force between the carbon slide plate and the contact line is similar to the actual working conditions.

2. The carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-speed rotation module includes: A support shaft, and a disk mounted on the support shaft, wherein a contact line is mounted on the disk; A drive disk that drives the support shaft and the disc to rotate at high speed, and a transmission component that cooperates with the drive disk, receive rotational power to make the contact line move at high speed and come into contact with the carbon sliding plate to generate friction and wear, thereby simulating the relative sliding speed of the pantograph and catenary. The bearings fitted onto the support shaft are used to ensure the smoothness and centering of the support shaft during high-speed operation, while also bearing radial and axial loads. The locking block installed on the surface of the disk is used to axially limit the contact line; The bushing fitted on the support shaft is used to position the inner ring of the bearing or adjacent parts, to adjust the axial clearance as a spacer, and to reduce direct wear between the shaft and the parts.

3. The carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The test apparatus further includes a rotary drive module mounted on a mounting base, the rotary drive module comprising: The drive component mounting base is used to fix the rotary drive component, ensure the alignment accuracy between the rotary drive component shaft and the transmission components, and absorb the vibration of the rotary drive component during operation. A rotary drive component, used to receive commands from the control unit and output specified speed and torque; A drive disk is mounted on the output shaft end of the rotary drive component. The drive disk meshes with the transmission component and is used to transmit the rotational motion and torque output by the rotary drive component to the high-speed rotation module.

4. The carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated zigzag motion module includes: The oscillating drive is used to receive the oscillating frequency command from the control unit and output rotational motion; The linkage mechanism, with one end connected to the output shaft of the swing drive and the other end connected to the slide plate support, is used to convert the rotational motion into the periodic lateral swing of the slide plate support, forming a zigzag motion trajectory. The guide rail provides linear guidance for the skateboard support, defining the path and range of lateral swing; A bushing is installed at the hinge point of a linkage mechanism or the sliding part of a guide rail to reduce friction and wear of the moving parts.

5. The carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The contact force loading module includes: A pressure sensor is used to detect the normal contact force between the carbon slide plate and the contact wire in real time and feed it back to the control unit. A pneumatic device is used to receive adjustment commands from the control unit, and adjust the output pressure in a closed loop according to the feedback signal from the pressure sensor to apply a constant contact force to the carbon slide plate, simulating the dynamic contact pressure between the pantograph and the catenary.

6. The carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of a standardized control parameter database includes: building a three-tiered data acquisition system with existing operational data reuse, routine daily maintenance data collection, and precise data collection by dedicated testing equipment; clarifying the acquisition channels, collection methods, update cycles, and management standards for various types of data; and achieving standardized and systematic data collection. Standardized preprocessing and spatiotemporal alignment correction are carried out on the aggregated multi-source heterogeneous data to remove data bias and interference information. Through single-factor correlation analysis and multi-factor coupling correlation analysis, the influence weight of each factor on pantograph-catenary wear is quantified, key sensitive factors are screened, and a priority list of wear influencing factors is established.

7. The carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of a standardized control parameter database includes: the constructed standardized feature database adopts a hierarchical modular architecture to match six big data dimensions and set up corresponding sub-databases. The sub-databases include a catenary structure parameter sub-database, a vehicle pantograph operation parameter sub-database, a line foundation parameter sub-database, a traction load and passenger flow parameter sub-database, an environmental service parameter sub-database, and an abnormal wear and fault sub-database. The standardized feature database has multi-dimensional data retrieval, statistical analysis, feature extraction, and visualization display functions.

8. The carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit also includes a safety protection module, which is equipped with a dual hardware and software emergency stop protection mechanism and parameter over-limit safety interlock logic. When any test parameter exceeds the preset safety threshold, the interlock protection is automatically triggered and the test device is stopped from operating.

9. The carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-mechanism linkage closed-loop control module is also used to coordinate and control multiple parameters of the rotation speed of the high-speed rotating module, the oscillation frequency of the simulated zigzag motion module, and the contact pressure of the contact force loading module, so as to realize the linkage closed-loop regulation of rotation speed, pull-out value, and contact pressure.

10. The carbon sliding plate current-carrying friction and wear testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit also includes a high-power test power supply and an arc generation module, used to reproduce the pantograph-catenary current-carrying operation and offline arc-excited electrical service conditions.

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