Biomimetic detection device and method for power insulation material decomposition gas

Abstract

This invention discloses a biomimetic detection device and method for detecting the decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials, relating to the field of power equipment condition monitoring technology. The biomimetic detection device for detecting the decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials includes a housing and a sensing component disposed within the housing. The sensing component includes a circuit board and at least three independently disposed sensing units on the circuit board. Each sensing unit includes a support, a mesh sensing layer covering the top of the support, and a MOF (Metal-Oxide-Foil) screening layer covering the mesh sensing layer, thereby addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies in effectively removing background gas interference and distinguishing between CO, O3, and NO. x Issues related to the detection of decomposition products of insulating materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment condition monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a biomimetic detection device and method for detecting the decomposition of gases in electrical insulation materials. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of smart grid construction, power cables are widely used in urban power distribution networks due to their advantages such as small footprint and high reliability. As a key component connecting cable lines to electrical equipment, the insulation performance of cable terminals directly affects the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Common insulation materials for cable terminals include epoxy resin and silicone rubber. During long-term operation, under the coupling effects of multiple fields such as electric field, thermal field, and mechanical stress, the insulation material of cable terminals may experience localized overheating or partial discharge faults, leading to pyrolysis or electrolysis of the insulation material, producing carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). x These gases are characteristic decomposition gases. Therefore, detecting the types and concentrations of these characteristic gases is of great significance for the early detection of cable terminal defects and the prevention of breakdown accidents.

[0003] For detecting fault gases in power equipment, traditional fault gas detection methods often employ oil chromatography (DGA), but this is primarily suitable for oil-filled equipment. For dry-type transformers, SF6 gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), and solid-insulated cable terminals, oil chromatography cannot be directly applied. Although some gas detection devices based on gas sensors exist, they often require destructive sampling or rely on large portable analyzers, making long-term, continuous, and online real-time monitoring difficult. Currently, semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors are widely used due to their small size, low cost, and fast response. However, these sensors generally exhibit cross-sensitivity, meaning they respond to multiple gases, making it difficult to distinguish specific gas types. For example, CO, O3, and NO... x The resistive response characteristics of a single sensitive material may overlap, leading to misjudgments. Furthermore, semiconductor sensors are extremely sensitive to changes in environmental temperature and humidity; fluctuations in environmental parameters can cause sensor baseline drift, generating significant background noise. In complex power field environments, the composition of background gases (such as N2, O2, water vapor, and VOCs in the air) is complex. Existing single-sensor arrays lack effective background gas filtering mechanisms, making it easy for signals of trace characteristic gases (such as ppm-level CO or O3) to be overwhelmed by background interference, resulting in low detection sensitivity and poor stability.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a method that can effectively eliminate background gas interference and effectively distinguish between CO, O3, and NO is crucial. x The detection method for the decomposition products of insulating materials is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of power equipment condition monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a biomimetic detection device and method for the decomposition of gases in electrical insulation materials, thereby addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies that lack the ability to effectively eliminate background gas interference and distinguish between CO, O3, and NO. x Issues related to the detection of decomposition products of insulating materials.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases from electrical insulation materials is provided, comprising a housing and a sensing and detection assembly disposed within the housing; the sensing and detection assembly includes a circuit board and at least three independently disposed sensing units on the circuit board, the circuit board being used to transmit the original resistance signals output by the at least three sensing units.

[0007] Each sensing unit includes: a support, a mesh sensing layer covering the top of the support, and an MOF screening layer covering the mesh sensing layer;

[0008] The mesh sensing layer includes a mesh structure made of interwoven nanofibers and metal electrodes deposited on the surface of the nanofibers. The nanofibers are made of at least one of titanium carbide, tin oxide, and molybdenum sulfide. The MOF screening layer is made of cobalt ions and organic ligands cross-linked together.

[0009] Furthermore, the organic ligands include 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaaminotriphenylene.

[0010] Furthermore, the nanofibers have a diameter of 100 nm to 300 nm; and / or,

[0011] The material of the support includes at least one of alumina, aluminum nitride, and silicon; and / or,

[0012] The materials used for the metal electrodes include platinum and / or palladium; and / or,

[0013] Metal electrodes are deposited on the surface of the mesh structure in the form of interdigitated electrodes. The thickness of the metal electrodes is 3μm~10μm, and the gap between adjacent metal electrodes is 0.2mm~0.8mm.

[0014] The biomimetic detection device for the decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials operates at temperatures ranging from -10℃ to 55℃ and humidity from 10% RH to 95% RH.

[0015] Furthermore, the sensing and detection component also includes a temperature detection unit, which is used to collect the temperature signal of the area where the sensing and detection component is located. The circuit board is used to transmit the raw resistance signal output by the sensing unit and the temperature signal output by the temperature detection unit.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a data processing unit, which is communicatively connected to the sensing and detection components;

[0017] The data processing unit is used to receive the raw resistance signal and temperature signal from the sensing and detection component, perform temperature compensation on the raw resistance signal, and identify the decomposition products of the electrical insulation material based on the compensated resistance signal.

[0018] Furthermore, the data processing unit includes a temperature compensation unit and an identification unit. The temperature compensation unit is used to calculate the temperature-compensated resistance signal based on the original resistance signal output by the sensing unit and the temperature signal output by the temperature detection unit.

[0019] The identification unit is used to analyze the temperature-compensated resistance signal, obtain characteristic parameters, and classify and identify the decomposition products of the power insulation material based on the characteristic parameters. The characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: resistance change amplitude, resistance response curve slope, and resistance response recovery time.

[0020] Furthermore, the sensing and detection component also includes a power supply interface and a communication interface;

[0021] The power supply interface is electrically connected to an external power source to provide operating voltage for the data processing unit and sensing components.

[0022] The communication interface is a UART digital interface, which is used to transmit the raw resistance signal and temperature signal to the data processing unit.

[0023] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for detecting decomposition gases of electrical insulating materials is provided, the method being performed by a biomimetic detection device for decomposition gases of electrical insulating materials as described in the first aspect, comprising:

[0024] When the decomposition gas of the electrical insulation material is detected by the sensing and detection component, the original resistance signal is triggered; wherein, the decomposition gas of the electrical insulation material diffuses to the sensing and detection component through the housing;

[0025] The types and concentrations of gases decomposed from electrical insulation materials are determined based on the original resistance signal.

[0026] Furthermore, based on the original resistance signal, the types and concentrations of gases decomposed from the electrical insulation material are determined, including:

[0027] The temperature signal of the area where the sensing and detection component is located is collected by the temperature detection unit of the sensing and detection component.

[0028] The original resistance signal is temperature-compensated based on the temperature signal to obtain the temperature-compensated resistance signal.

[0029] The characteristic parameters are determined based on the temperature-compensated resistance signal, wherein the characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: resistance change amplitude, resistance response curve slope, and resistance response recovery time;

[0030] The types and concentrations of gases decomposed from electrical insulation materials are determined based on characteristic parameters.

[0031] Furthermore, the original resistance signal is subjected to temperature compensation processing based on the temperature signal to obtain a temperature-compensated resistance signal, including:

[0032] The original resistance signal is temperature compensated using the following method:

[0033] R(T) = b0 + b1(TT) ref )+b2(TT ref ) 2 +b3(TT ref ) 3 ;

[0034] R comp (T)=R raw (T)-R(T);

[0035] Among them, R comp (T) represents the temperature-compensated resistance signal, R raw (T) represents the original resistance signal, T represents the temperature signal, and T0 represents the temperature signal. ref The reference temperature is 25℃, and b0, b1, b2, and b3 are preset coefficients.

[0036] By applying the technical solution of this invention, the strong adsorption effect of the MOF screening layer on background gases (N2, O2) is utilized to effectively reduce background interference gases. This allows the sensor to focus on detecting trace amounts of characteristic decomposition gases (such as CO or O3 at the ppm level), which greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio and detection limit. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases from electrical insulation materials according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases from electrical insulation materials according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 10-Housing; 101-Power supply interface; 102-Communication interface; 20-Sensing and detection component; 201-Circuit board; 202-Sensing unit; 202a-First sensing unit; 202b-Second sensing unit; 202c-Third sensing unit; 203-Temperature detection unit; 2021-Support body; 2022-Mesh structure; 2023-Metal electrode; 2024-MOF screening layer; 30-Data processing unit; 301-Temperature compensation unit; 302-Identification unit; 40-External power supply. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0042] As described in the background section of this invention, existing technologies lack the ability to effectively eliminate background gas interference and distinguish between CO, O3, and NO. x The problem of detecting decomposition products of insulating materials. To solve the above problem, in a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases from electrical insulation materials is provided, including a housing 10 and a sensing and detection component 20 disposed within the housing 10; the sensing and detection component 20 includes a circuit board 201 and at least three independently disposed sensing units disposed on the circuit board 201, the circuit board 201 being used to transmit the raw resistance signals output by the at least three sensing units; each sensing unit includes: a support 2021, a mesh sensing layer covering the top of the support 2021, and a MOF screening layer 2024 covering the mesh sensing layer; the mesh sensing layer includes a mesh structure woven from nanofibers and metal electrodes 2023 deposited on the surface of the nanofibers, the nanofibers being selected from at least one of titanium carbide, tin oxide, and molybdenum sulfide; the MOF screening layer 2024 is formed by cross-linking cobalt ions with organic ligands.

[0043] Specifically, the housing 10 has an internal cavity that allows gas molecules to enter only through a permeable structure. The sensing assembly 20 includes a circuit board 201 and at least three independently configured sensing units 202. These at least three independently configured sensing units form a multi-sensor array. The circuit board 201 not only provides mechanical support but also transmits the raw resistance signal output by each sensing unit to the data processing unit 30, achieving preliminary acquisition and transmission of analog signals to digital signals. Figure 1As shown, the sensing and detection assembly 20 includes a circuit board 201 and three independently configured sensing units 202. Independent configuration means that each sensing unit is physically separated and does not contact the others. Electrically, the metal electrode 2023 of each sensing unit 202 is independently connected to the circuit board 201, thereby enabling independent acquisition of the resistance signal corresponding to each sensing unit and avoiding signal crosstalk. Each sensing unit, from bottom to top, consists of: a support 2021, a mesh sensing layer, and a MOF screening layer 2024. The surface of the mesh sensing layer is deposited with metal electrodes 2023.

[0044] The support 2021 provides mechanical support for the nanofibers, maintaining structural integrity. The mesh structure of the mesh sensing layer is composed of interwoven nanofibers from at least one of titanium carbide, tin oxide, and molybdenum sulfide. Tin oxide is a classic semiconductor gas-sensitive material, highly sensitive to reducing gases (such as CO). Molybdenum sulfide has a layered structure and a large specific surface area, making it sensitive to oxidizing gases (such as NO). x Titanium carbide exhibits a unique response and good chemical stability. Its high conductivity and excellent chemical stability enhance signal transmission efficiency. The mesh structure of the sensing layer is composed of interwoven nanofibers. The nanoscale diameter significantly increases the number of gas adsorption sites. The mesh structure eliminates the dense obstruction of traditional thin films, allowing gas molecules to rapidly diffuse into the fiber interior, thus shortening the response time. Metal electrodes (2023) are deposited on the surface of the mesh sensing layer. When target gas molecules are adsorbed onto the nanofiber surface, a redox reaction occurs, altering the carrier concentration and consequently changing the resistance between the electrodes.

[0045] In this invention, the metal electrodes are electrically connected to the circuit board, and the method of electrical connection is not limited in this invention. The metal electrodes are used to convert chemical signals into electrical signals, while the circuit board is the carrier responsible for transmitting electrical signals. For example, the metal electrodes can be electrically connected to the circuit board through electrode leads, specifically by soldering or bonding the metal electrodes to the circuit board through leads or pads extending to the edge of the metal electrodes.

[0046] The MOF screening layer 2024 is a two-dimensional metal-organic framework material formed by cross-linking cobalt ions with organic ligands. The cobalt ions exhibit extremely strong adsorption affinity for background gases such as nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2), while also showing strong affinity for target characteristic gases (CO, NO). x The adsorption of N2 and O3 is relatively weak. When the decomposition gas of the electrical insulation material enters the sensor, a large amount of N2 and O2 are captured or delayed by the MOF sieving layer 2024, while the target feature gas molecules can pass through the MOF sieving layer 2024 more quickly to reach the mesh sensing layer below, which greatly reduces the interference signal of the background gas.

[0047] The biomimetic detection device for decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials of the present invention detects characteristic gases (CO, NO) generated during the decomposition of electrical equipment insulation materials. x (O2 mixed in the background air) enters through the vent in the housing 10. The gas first passes through the MOF screening layer 2024, where most background molecules such as N2 and O2 are selectively retained or separated; the remaining characteristic gas molecules diffuse to the nanofiber surface of the mesh sensing layer, where an adsorption-reaction occurs, causing a change in resistance. The metal electrode 2023 detects the change in resistance and generates a raw resistance signal. The gas type is identified based on the raw resistance signal algorithm.

[0048] Compared to existing technologies, this invention's biomimetic detection device for the decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials introduces a MOF screening layer 2024 for the first time. Traditional semiconductor sensors are highly susceptible to background gas interference in complex electrical environments (containing large amounts of N2, O2, water vapor, and VOCs), leading to baseline drift and false alarms. This invention utilizes the strong adsorption of background gases (N2, O2) by MOF materials, effectively reducing background interference gases. This allows the sensor to focus on detecting trace amounts of characteristic decomposition gases (such as ppm-level CO or O3), significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio and detection limit. Compared to traditional dense thin films or particle stacking structures, the network structure formed by interwoven nanofibers has extremely high porosity and open channels. Gas molecules can directly contact sensitive sites without passing through the dense layer, resulting in a short diffusion path and effectively shortening the sensor's response and recovery times. This enables it to track rapid changes in gas concentration in real time, making it suitable for dynamic monitoring scenarios.

[0049] In some embodiments, a breathable structure (such as a breathable membrane or micropores) is provided above the housing 10, and an accommodating cavity is formed inside the housing 10. Gas molecules are allowed to enter only through the breathable structure (such as a breathable membrane or micropores), which helps to protect the delicate nanomaterials inside from physical damage and dust contamination, while ensuring gas exchange efficiency.

[0050] In some embodiments, the mesh sensing layers of at least three sensing units are made of different materials, with the nanofibers being made of titanium carbide, tin oxide, and molybdenum sulfide, respectively. Single sensing materials often exhibit similar responses to multiple gases; this invention combines sensing units of different materials to utilize their sensitivity to CO and NO. x The different response intensities and directions of O3 form a multi-dimensional response pattern, which can effectively distinguish these gases and solve the problem that single gas detection cannot reflect the comprehensive insulation fault state.

[0051] In some embodiments, the organic ligand includes 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaaminotrimethylene. 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaaminotrimethylene (HITP) is a polydentate organic ligand with a highly symmetrical and rigid molecular structure. When coordinated with cobalt ions, it facilitates self-assembly to form a highly ordered two-dimensional layered structure (Co-HITP), exhibiting extremely high chemical and thermal stability. Under the vibration and temperature fluctuations of long-term operation of power equipment, the MOF screening layer 2024 is less prone to pulverization or detachment, contributing to an increase in the service life of the biomimetic detection device for the decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials. Furthermore, Co-HITP has a specific pore diameter, allowing target decomposition gas molecules to pass freely while blocking large molecular impurities in the background gas (such as N2, O2, water vapor, and VOCs), thereby significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio for trace characteristic gases.

[0052] In some embodiments, the diameter of the nanofibers is 100 nm to 300 nm. By controlling the diameter of the nanofibers, the specific surface area per unit mass of material is effectively increased, thereby providing sufficient gas adsorption active sites and contributing to high-sensitivity detection. This effectively shortens the diffusion path of gas molecules and the adsorption-desorption time, further meeting the needs of real-time online monitoring of power equipment.

[0053] In some embodiments, the material of the support 2021 includes at least one of aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, and silicon. These materials have high thermal conductivity and high insulation, which effectively prevents the support 2021 from corroding or reacting, avoids the introduction of additional background noise, and thus further improves the long-term operational stability of the biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases from electrical insulation materials.

[0054] In some embodiments, the metal electrode 2023 is made of platinum and / or palladium; and / or, the metal electrode 2023 is deposited on the surface of the mesh structure in the form of an interdigitated electrode, the thickness of the metal electrode 2023 is 3 μm to 10 μm, and the gap between adjacent metal electrodes 2023 is 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. Platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) have high catalytic activity and stability, which helps to reduce the activation energy of gas redox reactions. The interdigitated electrode 2023 greatly increases the contact length between the electrode edge and the sensitive material, achieving the maximum effective sensing area on a limited chip area, thereby significantly improving the response amplitude of the device.

[0055] In some embodiments, the biomimetic detection device for the decomposition gas of electrical insulation materials operates at a temperature of -10℃ to 55℃ and a humidity of 10% RH to 95% RH.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the sensing and detection component 20 also includes a temperature detection unit 203. The temperature detection unit 203 is used to collect the temperature signal of the area where the sensing and detection component 20 is located. The circuit board 201 is used to transmit the original resistance signal output by the sensing unit 202 and the temperature signal output by the temperature detection unit 203. Changes in ambient temperature will cause changes in the state of oxygen adsorbed on the surface of the sensitive material, thereby causing baseline resistance drift. By introducing the temperature detection unit 203 to collect the ambient temperature in real time and combining it with a preset temperature compensation model (such as a polynomial model), the amount of resistance change caused by temperature can be accurately calculated, and this part of the interference can be removed from the original resistance signal, thereby further improving the authenticity and accuracy of the detection data.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the temperature detection unit 203 is integrated on the circuit board 201.

[0058] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a data processing unit 30, which is communicatively connected to the sensing and detection component 20. The data processing unit 30 is used to receive the original resistance signal and temperature signal from the sensing and detection component 20, perform temperature compensation on the original resistance signal, and identify the decomposition products of the electrical insulation material based on the compensated resistance signal.

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the data processing unit 30 includes a temperature compensation unit 301 and an identification unit 302. The temperature compensation unit 301 is used to process the original resistance signal R output by the sensing unit 202. raw And the temperature signal output by the temperature detection unit 203, and calculate the temperature-compensated resistance signal R. comp The identification unit 302 is used to identify the temperature-compensated resistance signal R. comp Analysis is performed to obtain characteristic parameters, and these parameters are used to classify and identify the decomposition products of electrical insulation materials. The characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: resistance change amplitude, resistance response curve slope, and resistance response recovery time. Single sensors often respond to multiple gases (cross-sensitivity), making it difficult to distinguish between CO, O3, and NO based solely on steady-state resistance values. x This invention extracts three dynamic features: the amplitude of resistance change, the slope of the resistance response curve, and the resistance response recovery time. The amplitude of resistance change reflects the gas concentration, the slope of the resistance response curve reflects the reaction rate, and the resistance response recovery time reflects the desorption difficulty. Different gases exhibit significant differences in adsorption-desorption kinetics. By extracting these multidimensional dynamic features and combining them with intelligent algorithms such as kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), the feature vectors of different gases can be separated in a high-dimensional space, thereby effectively solving the cross-sensitivity problem and enabling the effective detection of CO, O3, and NO. xIndependent and accurate identification of various decomposition products.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the sensing and detection assembly 20 also includes a power supply interface 101 and a communication interface 102. The power supply interface 101 is electrically connected to an external power supply 40 to provide operating voltage for the data processing unit 30 and the sensing and detection assembly 20. The communication interface 102 is a UART digital interface used to transmit raw resistance and temperature signals to the data processing unit 30. By setting the power supply interface 101 (e.g., DC 5V) and the standard UART digital interface, it is helpful to integrate complex functions such as signal conditioning, analog-to-digital conversion, temperature compensation, and feature extraction within the sensing module, making the front-end detection device extremely simple and easy to deploy and replace on a large scale. Using a UART digital interface instead of traditional analog voltage and current interfaces to transmit data helps to improve the integrity and reliability of data from the sensor to the main control unit. The power supply interface 101 and the communication interface 102 can be located on the housing 10.

[0061] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for detecting decomposition gases of electrical insulating materials, the method being executed by a biomimetic detection device for decomposition gases of electrical insulating materials according to the first aspect, comprising: triggering an original resistance signal when decomposition gases of electrical insulating materials are detected by a sensing detection component 20; wherein the decomposition gases of electrical insulating materials diffuse through a housing 10 to the sensing detection component 20; and determining the type and concentration information of the decomposition gases of electrical insulating materials based on the original resistance signal.

[0062] Specifically, the decomposition gases from the electrical insulation material enter the housing 10 through the housing 10, first passing through the MOF screening layer 2024, which is cross-linked from cobalt ions and organic ligands. The MOF screening layer 2024 has extremely strong adsorption affinity for background gases such as water vapor and large molecular VOCs, while exhibiting strong adsorption affinity for target characteristic gases (CO, O3, NO). x The adsorption of these gases is weak or they have different diffusion kinetics. Through physical sieving and selective adsorption, the MOF sieving layer 2024 can remove a large amount of background interference gases. As the background noise is greatly reduced, the sensor can more clearly capture weak signals at the ppm or even ppb level, thereby achieving high-sensitivity detection of early minor insulation faults (such as slight overheating or small partial discharge).

[0063] In some embodiments, determining the type and concentration information of the decomposition gases of the electrical insulation material based on the original resistance signal includes: acquiring the temperature signal of the area where the sensing and detection component 20 is located through the temperature detection unit 203 of the sensing and detection component 20; performing temperature compensation processing on the original resistance signal based on the temperature signal to obtain a temperature-compensated resistance signal; determining characteristic parameters based on the temperature-compensated resistance signal, wherein the characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: resistance change amplitude, resistance response curve slope, and resistance response recovery time; and determining the type and concentration information of the decomposition gases of the electrical insulation material based on the characteristic parameters.

[0064] Unlike traditional methods that rely solely on steady-state resistance values, this invention extracts three key dynamic characteristic parameters: the amplitude of resistance change reflects the gas concentration; the slope of the resistance response curve reflects the speed of the gas reaction with the sensitive material (kinetic characteristics); and the resistance response recovery time reflects the ease with which the gas desorbs from the material surface (adsorption energy characteristics). CO (reducing), O3, and NO are also included. x While the steady-state responses of (oxidizing) gases may be similar on a single sensitive material, their reaction rates and desorption characteristics can be quite different. Combining these three dimensions helps to clearly distinguish different gases in a high-dimensional feature space, achieving high-accuracy classification even at low concentrations through dynamic feature fingerprints. Dynamic features are more sensitive to subtle changes, helping to issue early warnings at the initial stage of a fault, rather than waiting until the gas concentration accumulates to a dangerous level before triggering an alarm.

[0065] The raw resistance signal R of the semiconductor gas sensor raw It consists of two parts, including the target gases (CO, O3, and NO). x The resistance change caused by temperature is the effective signal to be measured; it also includes the resistance baseline drift caused by changes in ambient temperature T, which is interference noise. To remove temperature-induced drift from the original signal, in some embodiments, the original resistance signal is temperature-compensated based on the temperature signal to obtain a temperature-compensated resistance signal, including: temperature compensation processing of the original resistance signal in the following manner:

[0066] R(T) = b0 + b1(TT) ref )+b2(TT ref ) 2 +b3(TT ref ) 3 ;

[0067] R comp (T)=R raw (T)-R(T);

[0068] Among them, R comp (T) represents the temperature-compensated resistance signal, Rraw (T) represents the original resistance signal, T represents the temperature signal, and T0 represents the temperature signal. ref The reference temperature is 25℃, and b0, b1, b2, and b3 are preset coefficients.

[0069] Based on the temperature compensation model described above, the reference resistance value R(T) caused solely by temperature at temperature T, and the compensated resistance value R can be calculated. comp (T)=R raw (T)-R(T). Assume R... raw (T) is the total resistance measured at the current temperature T. If R raw R(T) already includes the resistance increase caused by the gas. After subtracting R(T), what remains is the resistance change after removing the effect of temperature.

[0070] b0, b1, b2, and b3 are preset coefficients determined through cross-validation. Specifically, they can be obtained through the following steps: The sensor is placed in a gas-free environment (i.e., filled with clean air or nitrogen, ensuring the absence of CO, O3, and NO). x The experiment was conducted in an environment free from interference from characteristic gases; reference resistance data were collected at multiple temperature points: the sensing component 20 was placed in a temperature-controlled environment chamber, and a series of different temperature points T were set. i (e.g., -10℃, 0℃, 10℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, 55℃), at each temperature point T i Record the ambient temperature T at this time. i and the corresponding original resistance value R i Repeat the above process to obtain at least N sets of data samples; construct a polynomial regression model: based on the collected dataset, construct a third-order polynomial regression equation: R(T) = b0 + b1(TT) ref )+b2(TT ref ) 2 +b3(TT ref ) 3 The preset coefficients b0, b1, b2, and b3 are determined using cross-validation.

[0071] The biomimetic detection method for decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials of the present invention can be used to detect the decomposition products of electrical insulation materials in distribution cable terminals, GIS equipment insulators, dry-type transformer coils, and cable intermediate joints; the decomposition products of electrical insulation materials include at least one of carbon monoxide, ozone, and nitrogen oxides. This method helps to achieve early fault warning and accurate fault type identification, providing efficient, reliable, and low-cost technical support for the intelligent operation and maintenance of power systems.

[0072] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, the biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases from electrical insulation materials in this embodiment includes a housing 10 and a sensing and detection component 20 disposed within the housing 10. The sensing and detection component 20 includes a flexible circuit board 201, three independently disposed sensing units (a first sensing unit 202a, a second sensing unit 202b, and a third sensing unit 202c) disposed on the circuit board 201, and an NTC thermistor integrated on the circuit board 201 as a temperature detection unit 203.

[0075] The first sensing unit 202a, the second sensing unit 202b, and the third sensing unit 202c all adopt a three-layer composite structure design, from bottom to top as follows:

[0076] The support body 2021 is made of alumina ceramic sheet with a thickness of 0.5mm;

[0077] A mesh sensing layer covers the top of the support 2021 and includes a mesh structure 2022 formed by interwoven nanofibers and a metal electrode 2023 deposited on the surface of the mesh structure 2022; the first sensing unit 202a, the second sensing unit 202b, and the third sensing unit 202c are respectively formed by interwoven titanium carbide nanofibers, tin oxide nanofibers, and molybdenum sulfide nanofibers.

[0078] Metal electrode 2023 is made of platinum (Pt) and has a thickness of 5 μm. The electrodes are arranged in an interdigitated pattern, with a gap of 0.42 mm between adjacent electrodes; metal electrode 2023 is electrically connected to circuit board 201;

[0079] The MOF screening layer 2024 covers the mesh sensing layer and the metal electrode 2023, forming a transparent two-dimensional thin film. This layer is composed of a metal-organic framework (MOF) material with a thickness of 2 μm, formed by crosslinking cobalt ions with 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaaminotrimethylene (HITP) ligands.

[0080] The housing 10 is made of corrosion-resistant engineering plastic and has a breathable membrane on the top to allow gas to enter while blocking dust.

[0081] The housing 10 is provided with a power supply interface 101, which is electrically connected to an external power supply 40 and is a DC 5V power input terminal.

[0082] The housing 10 is provided with a communication interface 102, a UART digital interface, for transmitting raw resistance signals, temperature signals and processed data.

[0083] The data processing unit 30 is an independent module connected to the sensing and detection component 20 via the communication interface 102. The data processing unit 30 includes a temperature compensation unit 301 and an identification unit 302. The temperature compensation unit 301 is used to calculate the temperature-compensated resistance signal based on the temperature signal output by the sensing unit and the original resistance signal.

[0084] The identification unit 302 is used to analyze the temperature-compensated resistance signal, obtain characteristic parameters, and classify and identify the decomposition products of the power insulation material based on the characteristic parameters. The characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: resistance change amplitude, resistance response curve slope, and resistance response recovery time.

[0085] To eliminate the influence of ambient temperature on the sensor resistance, this embodiment determines the temperature compensation model R(T) = b0 + b1(TT) through the following steps. ref )+b2(TT ref ) 2 +b3(TT ref ) 3 The fitting coefficients are b0, b1, b2, and b3.

[0086] The prepared sensing and detection component 20 was placed in a high and low temperature test chamber. The chamber was then exposed to clean air (free of CO, O3, and NO). x Under certain conditions, the following temperature points were set: -10℃, 0℃, 10℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, and 55℃, for a total of 9 points. After each temperature point stabilized for 30 minutes, the temperature T was recorded. i The original resistance values ​​R of the next three sensing units i .

[0087] Using reference temperature T ref Centered at 25℃, let x = T - 25. Construct a third-order polynomial model y = b0 + b1x + b2x. 2 +b3x 3 The fitting coefficients b0, b1, b2, and b3 were calculated. These coefficients are used for subsequent real-time calculations.

[0088] The method for detecting decomposition gases from electrical insulation materials in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0089] S1, the decomposition gas of the electrical insulation material diffuses through the housing 10 to the sensing and detection component 20. When the decomposition gas of the electrical insulation material is detected by the sensing and detection component 20, the original resistance signal is triggered.

[0090] S2, the temperature signal of the area where the sensing component 20 is located is acquired by the temperature detection unit 203 of the sensing component 20, and the original resistance signal is subjected to the following temperature compensation processing based on the temperature signal to obtain the temperature-compensated resistance signal:

[0091] R(T) = b0 + b1(TT) ref )+b2(TT ref ) 2 +b3(TT ref ) 3 ;

[0092] R comp (T)=R raw (T)-R(T);

[0093] Among them, R comp (T) represents the temperature-compensated resistance signal, R raw (T) represents the original resistance signal, T represents the temperature signal, and T0 represents the temperature signal. ref The reference temperature is 25℃, and b0, b1, b2, and b3 are preset coefficients.

[0094] The characteristic parameters are determined based on the temperature-compensated resistance signal, wherein the characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: resistance change amplitude, resistance response curve slope, and resistance response recovery time;

[0095] S3. Combine the three feature parameters of the three sensing units into a 9-dimensional feature vector, and input this vector into a preset kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) classifier. KPCA maps linearly inseparable data to a high-dimensional feature space and finds the principal component direction, thereby maximizing the separation between different gas categories; the KPCA classifier outputs the probability of the gas type. If the probability of CO is the highest and exceeds the threshold (e.g., 90%), it is determined to be a CO leak; if the probability of O3 is the highest, it is determined to be ozone generated by partial discharge.

[0096] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases in electrical insulation materials, characterized in that, The device includes a housing (10) and a sensing and detection assembly (20) disposed within the housing (10); the sensing and detection assembly (20) includes a circuit board (201) and at least three independently disposed sensing units (202) disposed on the circuit board (201), the circuit board (201) being used to transmit the raw resistance signals output by the at least three sensing units (202); Each of the sensing units (202) includes: a support (2021), a mesh sensing layer covering the top of the support (2021), and a MOF screening layer (2024) covering the mesh sensing layer. The mesh sensing layer includes a mesh structure (2022) formed by interwoven nanofibers and a metal electrode (2023) deposited on the surface of the nanofibers. The nanofibers are made of at least one of titanium carbide, tin oxide, and molybdenum sulfide. The MOF screening layer is formed by cross-linking cobalt ions with organic ligands.

2. The biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases from electrical insulation materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic ligands include 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaaminotriphenylene.

3. The biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases in electrical insulation materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanofibers have a diameter of 100 nm to 300 nm; and / or, The material of the support (2021) includes at least one of alumina, aluminum nitride, and silicon; and / or, The metal electrode (2023) is made of platinum and / or palladium; and / or, The metal electrode (2023) is deposited on the surface of the mesh structure (2022) in the form of an interdigitated electrode. The thickness of the metal electrode (2023) is 3μm to 10μm, and the gap between adjacent metal electrodes (2023) is 0.2mm to 0.8mm. The biomimetic detection device for the decomposition gas of electrical insulation materials operates at a temperature of -10℃ to 55℃ and a humidity of 10% RH to 95% RH.

4. The biomimetic detection device for the decomposition gas of electrical insulation materials according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The sensing and detection component (20) further includes a temperature detection unit (203), which is used to collect the temperature signal of the area where the sensing and detection component (20) is located. The circuit board (201) is used to transmit the original resistance signal output by the sensing unit (202) and the temperature signal output by the temperature detection unit (203).

5. The biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases in electrical insulation materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a data processing unit (30), which is communicatively connected to the sensing and detection component (20); The data processing unit (30) is used to receive the original resistance signal and the temperature signal from the sensing and detection component (20), perform temperature compensation on the original resistance signal, and identify the decomposition products of the electrical insulation material based on the compensated resistance signal.

6. The biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases in electrical insulation materials according to claim 5, characterized in that, The data processing unit (30) includes a temperature compensation unit (301) and an identification unit (302). The temperature compensation unit (301) is used to calculate the temperature-compensated resistance signal based on the original resistance signal output by the sensing unit (202) and the temperature signal output by the temperature detection unit (203). The identification unit (302) is used to analyze the temperature-compensated resistance signal to obtain characteristic parameters, and classify and identify the decomposition products of the power insulation material based on the characteristic parameters. The characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: resistance change amplitude, resistance response curve slope, and resistance response recovery time.

7. The biomimetic detection device for the decomposition of gases in electrical insulation materials according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sensing and detection component (20) also includes a power supply interface (101) and a communication interface (102). The power supply interface (101) is electrically connected to an external power supply (40) to provide operating voltage for the data processing unit (30) and the sensing and detection component (20); The communication interface (102) is a UART digital interface, used to transmit the original resistance signal and the temperature signal to the data processing unit (30).

8. A method for detecting decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials, characterized in that, The method is performed by the biomimetic detection device for the decomposition gas of electrical insulating materials according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: When the decomposition gas of the electrical insulation material is detected by the sensing and detection component (20), the original resistance signal is triggered; wherein the decomposition gas of the electrical insulation material diffuses through the housing (10) to the sensing and detection component (20). The type and concentration of the decomposition gases of the electrical insulation material are determined based on the original resistance signal.

9. The method for detecting decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials according to claim 8, characterized in that, The types and concentrations of gases decomposed from the electrical insulation material are determined based on the original resistance signal, including: The temperature signal of the area where the sensing and detection component (20) is located is collected by the temperature detection unit (203) of the sensing and detection component (20); The original resistance signal is subjected to temperature compensation processing based on the temperature signal to obtain a temperature-compensated resistance signal. The characteristic parameters are determined based on the temperature-compensated resistance signal, wherein the characteristic parameters include at least one of the following: resistance change amplitude, resistance response curve slope, and resistance response recovery time. The types and concentrations of gases decomposed from the electrical insulation material are determined based on the aforementioned characteristic parameters.

10. The method for detecting decomposition gases of electrical insulation materials according to claim 9, characterized in that, The original resistance signal is subjected to temperature compensation processing based on the temperature signal to obtain a temperature-compensated resistance signal, including: The original resistance signal is temperature compensated using the following method: R(T)=b0+b1(T-T ref )+b2(T-T ref ) 2 +b3(T-T ref ) 3 ; R comp (T)=R raw (T)-R(T); Among them, R comp (T) represents the temperature-compensated resistance signal, R raw (T) represents the original resistance signal, T represents the temperature signal, and T0 represents the temperature signal. ref The reference temperature is 25℃, and b0, b1, b2, and b3 are preset coefficients.

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