A pipeline typical geological disaster integrated physical model test device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated physical model test device and method for pipelines under typical geological disasters, belonging to the field of pipeline testing technology. It includes multiple sand boxes arranged in sequence; each sand box has through holes on both its front and rear sides for placing the pipeline; a placement frame is provided on the outside of the multiple sand boxes; a lifting actuator is provided between the bottom of each sand box and the placement frame to raise and lower the sand box; translation actuators are provided between the sides of each sand box and the placement frame to move the sand box left and right; a water supply device is provided on one side of each sand box to supply water to the pipeline, and the water supply device is equipped with a matching water tank. Through the cooperation of the lifting actuator and the translation actuator, the multiple sand boxes can be controlled to move left and right and rise and fall respectively, thereby simulating the stress and deformation conditions of pipelines under different geological disaster conditions. It can simultaneously observe the entire process of failure and damage of buried pipelines such as bending, cracking, and leakage under the coupled action of geological disaster displacement and internal pressure, completely restoring the real stress state of water diversion pipelines under geological disaster conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pipeline testing technology, and in particular to an integrated physical model testing device and method for typical geological hazards in pipelines. Background Technology

[0002] Underground pipeline systems operating in complex environments such as mountainous water diversion projects are subjected to extremely variable mechanical loads, making them particularly susceptible to various typical geological hazards such as foundation settlement, dislocation, and soil voiding. These hazards are often sudden and unpredictable, leading to localized deformation of the pipeline structure, loosening of joints, and even rupture, which in turn can cause serious accidents such as leakage of the transported medium and pipeline bursts. Since actual geological hazards are difficult to artificially reproduce and systematically observe in real engineering scenarios, indoor physical model testing has become a key approach to studying the mechanical response and failure mechanisms of pipelines. Existing testing devices generally use sandboxes as the basic structure, simulating single-hazard conditions through local modifications. For example, inflatable airbags or liftable movable plates are embedded at the bottom of the sandbox to simulate foundation voiding, or the relative displacement of two adjacent sandbox sections is manipulated to reproduce the process of soil dislocation.

[0003] However, such devices are only designed for specific types of disasters and cannot simultaneously or alternately simulate multiple disasters such as settlement, delamination, and voiding in the same experimental environment. When researchers need to compare the impact of different disasters on pipelines, the entire set of experimental equipment must be replaced, leading to extended testing cycles and significantly increased costs associated with repeated equipment investment. Furthermore, the structural layout, operating procedures, and data acquisition methods of various devices differ considerably, resulting in inconsistent experimental results and making it difficult to establish universal evaluation standards. This severely restricts the engineering transformation and industry application of research findings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an integrated physical model testing device and method for typical geological disasters in pipelines to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: it includes multiple sand boxes arranged in sequence; each sand box has through holes on both the front and rear sides for placing pipes; a placement rack is provided on the outside of the multiple sand boxes; a lifting drive is provided between the bottom of the sand box and the placement rack to lift the sand box; a translation drive is provided between the two sides of the sand box and the placement rack to move the sand box in the left and right directions; a water supply device for supplying water to the inside of the pipe is provided on one side of the sand box, and the water supply device is equipped with a matching water tank.

[0006] Furthermore, the sand box has a cavity extending through the top for holding sand; multiple sand boxes are arranged close together in a straight line, meaning that the through holes on the front and back sides of all sand boxes are in a straight line when they are arranged.

[0007] Furthermore, the placement rack consists of multiple frame-shaped support frames; the multiple support frames are arranged sequentially, and the position of each support frame located in the middle area of ​​the multiple support frames corresponds to the position between two adjacent sand boxes; the bottom and sides of each pair of adjacent support frames are fixedly connected by X-shaped reinforcing rods.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom of the lifting drive is provided with an isolation frame for placing the lifting drive; the isolation frame is placed horizontally at the bottom of the corresponding sand box; the bottom end of the lifting drive is fixedly connected to the isolation frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom of the isolation frame is provided with multiple pulleys; a track matching the pulleys is provided between the support frame and the pulleys at the bottom of the isolation frame, and the isolation frame can be moved horizontally to the left and right sides of the support frame under the cooperation between the pulleys and the track.

[0010] Furthermore, the translation actuator is disposed between the sand box and the corresponding reinforcing rod; the translation actuator is arranged laterally, the bottom of the translation actuator is fixedly connected to the lateral reinforcing rod, and the output end faces the sand box and is in contact with the sand box.

[0011] Furthermore, the sand box is provided with a guide device on the left and right sides to prevent the sand box from moving in the front and rear directions of the placement frame; the guide device includes a support rod and a sleeve arranged in a horizontal position; one end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the sand box; the sleeve is sleeved on the other end of the support rod and can extend and retract on the support rod in both directions. The outer end of the sleeve is rotatably equipped with a guide wheel; the inner wall of the support frame is fixedly equipped with a slide rail that matches the guide wheel; the slide rail is set in a vertical state, so that the guide wheel can move vertically along the track of the slide rail; a spring is set between the sleeve and the support rod, and under the thrust of the spring at both ends, the support rod and the sleeve can be driven to move in opposite directions respectively.

[0012] The test method and steps of the integrated physical model test device for typical pipeline geological hazards described above are as follows: S1: Fill the sand box with sand up to the pre-reserved through hole, and compact the filled sand to achieve the set density. S2: Insert the pipe through the through hole on one side of the sand box and pass through the through holes of multiple sand boxes, so that the pipe is placed horizontally between multiple sand boxes arranged together, and both ends of the pipe protrude a distance from the outside of the sand box. S3: Continue to fill with sand to cover the inserted pipes and fill to the height of the sand box; S4: Seal both ends of the pipe using pipe end sealing clamps; S5: Connect one end of the water supply pipeline through the water supply equipment and fill the pipeline with water; S6: Based on the faulting and settlement states in geological disasters, control the corresponding lifting and translation drives on the sand boxes to control the lifting and translation movements of multiple sand boxes on the left and right sides respectively. S7: When simulating the void state at the bottom of the pipe during a geological disaster, a controllable airbag is placed in advance when filling the sand box with sand, and the volume of gas in the airbag is controlled to control the volume of the voided sand inside the sand box.

[0013] The above-described at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: Firstly, compared with traditional single-function sand box testing equipment, this invention can conduct comparative tests on different disasters without replacing the entire set of equipment, refilling sand, or re-laying test pipelines when testing pipelines. This eliminates the need for equipment disassembly and assembly, soil reshaping, and secondary pipeline positioning, significantly shortening the test cycle. It also avoids the repeated purchase and storage of multiple sets of dedicated testing equipment. The entire test environment maintains consistent sand density, pipeline internal pressure, and boundary constraint conditions, enabling the establishment of unified pipeline disaster test evaluation standards and accelerating the engineering transformation of pipeline disaster prevention research results.

[0014] Secondly, by coordinating the lifting and translation drives, multiple sand boxes can be controlled to move left and right and lift and move up and down respectively, thereby simulating the pipeline disaster prevention situation under different geological disaster environments. The entire process of pipeline failure and damage such as bending, cracking and leakage under the coupling effect of geological disaster and internal pressure can be observed simultaneously, and the real stress state of water diversion pipeline under geological disaster environment can be fully restored. The test results can be directly used for pipeline network disaster resistance design and safety assessment.

[0015] Third, the sand box is equipped with a correction device on both sides, which can limit the sand box's forward and backward displacement and tilt. Whether the sand box is raised or lowered or moved horizontally, it is always limited to the preset motion plane, preventing the sand box from deviating or tilting and causing distortion of the pipeline force. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the shelf; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation frame structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the guide wheel and slide rail structure; Figure 6 A schematic diagram simulating the pipeline condition in the event of geological hazards such as misalignment, settlement, and bottom void.

[0017] Figure Labels Sand box 1, alignment device 11, support rod 12, sleeve 13, guide wheel 14, slide rail 15; Placement rack 2, support frame 21, reinforcing rod 22; Lifting drive 3, isolation frame 31, pulley 32, track 33; Translation driver 4; Water supply equipment 5. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] In traditional underground pipeline geological hazard simulation tests, the test equipment can only simulate a single geological hazard condition. For example, it simulates voiding by setting an airbag or movable plate at the bottom of the sand box 1, or it simulates layering by controlling the relative displacement of two sand box sections 1. The equipment design only supports the simulation of a single geological hazard condition, making it impossible to simulate multiple typical geological hazard conditions within the same test system. Furthermore, due to differences in the structure and operation methods of different equipment, it is difficult to establish unified test standards, thus increasing test costs and limiting the comparability of test results.

[0021] For example, in a pipeline safety assessment of a water diversion project in a mountainous area, researchers needed to examine the pipeline's mechanical response under two disaster conditions: pipeline base voiding and misalignment. Specifically, under existing technological conditions, a voiding simulation device was first used for testing. After completion, this device was dismantled and a misalignment simulation device was reinstalled. During this process, the pipeline was repositioned, and the sandy soil environment was reconstructed, thus extending the testing period. Furthermore, due to differences in environmental conditions, the consistency of the pipeline's initial state could not be guaranteed, affecting the accuracy and comparability of the test data.

[0022] If the aforementioned problems are not addressed, testing costs will continue to rise. In particular, the lack of a testing platform compatible with various geological hazard conditions makes direct comparison of test data under different hazard conditions difficult, hindering a comprehensive understanding of pipeline failure mechanisms. Consequently, the optimization of underground pipeline disaster prevention and mitigation technologies is limited, which is detrimental to improving the resilience and safety of urban infrastructure and may ultimately increase the risk of pipeline accidents.

[0023] An integrated physical model test device and method for typical pipeline geological hazards includes multiple sand boxes 1 arranged in sequence; each sand box 1 has through holes on both its front and rear sides for placing the pipeline; a placement frame 2 is provided on the outside of the multiple sand boxes 1; a lifting actuator 3 is provided between the bottom of the sand box 1 and the placement frame 2 to raise and lower the sand box 1; translation actuators 4 are provided between the sides of the sand box 1 and the placement frame 2 to move the sand box 1 in the left and right directions; a water supply device 5 is provided on one side of the sand box 1 for supplying water to the inside of the pipeline, and the water supply device 5 is equipped with a matching water tank. The interior of the sand box 1 has a cavity extending through the top for placing sand; the multiple sand boxes 1 are arranged in a straight line close to each other, that is, the through holes on both the front and rear sides of all the sand boxes 1 are in a straight line when all the sand boxes 1 are arranged.

[0024] Multiple sand boxes 1 are externally equipped with a placement frame 2. The placement frame 2 can be constructed of a simple metal frame, which is welded or bolted together to form a whole, providing support for the sand boxes 1. A lifting actuator 3 is provided between the bottom of the sand box 1 and the placement frame 2 to raise and lower the sand box 1. The lifting actuator 3 can be in the form of a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod, and can be operated manually or by a simple electrical switch to achieve vertical displacement of the sand box 1.

[0025] A translation actuator 4 is installed between the sand box 1 and the placement rack 2 on both sides, enabling the sand box 1 to move horizontally in the left and right directions. This translation actuator 4 can be in the form of a cylinder or screw drive mechanism, and is controlled by a matching manual valve or controller to achieve the horizontal displacement of the sand box 1. A water supply device 5 is installed on one side of the sand box 1 for supplying water to the inside of the pipes. This water supply device 5 can consist of a water pump and corresponding pipelines, and the water flow is controlled by a manual valve. The water supply device 5 is equipped with a matching water tank, which can be an open water storage container, replenished manually.

[0026] The sand box 1 has a cavity extending through the top for holding sand; this cavity can be a simple open structure to facilitate filling with sand. Multiple sand boxes 1 are arranged in a straight line, close to each other, meaning that the through holes on both sides of all sand boxes 1 are in a straight line when they are arranged.

[0027] Before conducting the simulation experiment, sand is filled into sand box 1 up to the pre-reserved holes in the sand box. The filled sand is then compacted to achieve the set density. The pipe is then inserted through a through-hole on one side of sand box 1 and passes through multiple through-holes in sand box 1, placing the pipe horizontally between multiple sand boxes 1 arranged together. Both ends of the pipe protrude a certain distance from the outside of the sand box 1, sufficient to meet the installation requirements of the sealing clamps at both ends of the pipe. Sand is then filled in to cover the inserted pipe and buried up to the height of the sand box. The sand filling process can be completed manually by shoveling or using a simple conveyor belt. Both ends of the pipe are then sealed using pipe end sealing clamps, which can be simple mechanical clamping devices. The water supply pipe of water supply equipment 5 is connected to one end of the pipe, and water is supplied to the pipe to simulate the water transport state in actual applications. This connection can be achieved using threaded joints or quick couplings, and water supply is accomplished by starting a water pump.

[0028] During pipeline testing, the lifting actuator 3 and the translation actuator 4 are activated to control the lifting and lowering and left and right translation movements of multiple sand boxes 1. This activation can be achieved through the control panel or switches of the actuators. By controlling the misalignment of two sand boxes 1 that are close to each other, relative displacement occurs, causing the pipeline crossing the misalignment area to bend and deform due to the misalignment, thus simulating various typical geological hazards such as misalignment and settlement. After the simulation test is completed, parameters such as the bending deformation and strain of the pipeline are measured. This measurement can be performed visually or using simple measuring tools.

[0029] The following example will provide a more detailed explanation of the above technical solution: Suppose we need to simulate and analyze the mechanical behavior of an underground water pipeline under a combined geological disaster of foundation settlement and horizontal displacement. First, prepare multiple sand boxes 1 and arrange them sequentially on a placement frame 2, manually aligning them to ensure that the through holes on both sides of all sand boxes 1 are in a straight line. Then, fill the chamber of each sand box 1 with sand of a predetermined density to simulate the actual geological environment. Next, take a section of the pipeline to be tested and seal both ends using pipe end sealing clamps to prevent internal water leakage. Then, insert the pipeline into the through holes of the parallel sand boxes 1, placing the pipeline horizontally within the multiple sand boxes 1. During placement, ensure that both ends of the pipeline protrude from the outside of the sand boxes 1, and that this protrusion meets the installation requirements of the sealing clamps at both ends of the pipeline. Then, continue filling the pipe with sand to cover it and bury it to the height of the sand box. Then, seal both ends of the pipe with pipe end sealing clamps. After completing the above operations, water supply equipment 5 will be used to supply water into the pipe to simulate the water transport state of the pipe in actual application. Alternatively, water can be left empty inside the pipe to conduct geological disaster simulation tests, thereby analyzing the impact of geological disasters on the pipe under two working conditions: water supply and no water supply, with and without internal pressure.

[0030] At the start of the experiment, to simulate foundation settlement, the lifting actuator 3 located at the bottom of a specific sand box 1 can be activated. For example, one sand box 1 in the middle area is slowly lowered to a preset height, while the sand boxes 1 at both ends remain stationary. As a result, the pipes traversing these sand boxes 1 will bend and deform due to the vertical displacement difference, simulating the effect of uneven settlement on the pipes. Subsequently, to simulate horizontal displacement, the translation actuator 4 located on both sides of adjacent sand boxes 1 can be activated; for example, one sand box 1 is translated a distance to the left, while its adjacent sand box 1 remains stationary or is translated to the right. This will create a horizontal relative displacement between the two sand boxes 1, causing the pipes traversing the displaced area to undergo further bending deformation due to shearing action. Throughout the process, different degrees and types of geological hazards can be simulated by adjusting the displacement and speed of the lifting actuator 3 and the translation actuator 4, according to the experimental requirements.

[0031] After completing all the preset simulation tests, the drive and water supply equipment 5 are stopped, the pipeline is removed from the sand box 1, and its external bending deformation, cracks, leakage and other conditions are thoroughly inspected to evaluate the service performance and failure mechanism of the pipeline under simulated geological disasters. Through the above process, the test device of the present invention can flexibly simulate the comprehensive impact of various typical geological disasters on pipelines on a unified platform.

[0032] Based on the above examples, the integrated physical model test device for typical geological hazards in pipelines of the present invention demonstrates significant technical contributions. Traditional geological hazard simulation devices are often single-function, for example, they can only simulate air gaps through airbags or movable plates, or they can only simulate misaligned conditions through the relative displacement of two sand boxes 1. This means that if different types of geological hazards are to be studied on the impact of pipelines, different test devices need to be constructed or used separately, which leads to increased test costs and difficulty in unifying test standards.

[0033] This invention ingeniously integrates multiple independently driveable sand boxes 1 onto a single mounting frame 2, and configures a lifting drive 3 and a translation drive 4, achieving precise control of the sand boxes 1 in both vertical and horizontal directions. This design can flexibly simulate various typical geological hazards such as foundation settlement and dislocation. For example, by controlling the lifting of some sand boxes 1, uneven settlement can be simulated; by controlling the horizontal translation of adjacent sand boxes 1, ground displacement can be simulated. In this application, to simulate the dislocation, settlement, and bottom voiding of pipelines during geological hazards, three sand boxes 1 are used as an example. When two of the three sand boxes 1 that are close to each other are displaced relative to each other, the pipe that crosses the misaligned area will bend and deform due to the misalignment. At this time, tests can be carried out on empty pipes or pipes filled with water pressure in two geological misalignment conditions: vertical misalignment and horizontal misalignment.

[0034] In the test simulating geological settlement conditions, the three sand boxes 1 are first raised to the same height by the lifting drive 3. After completing the same basic operations as under normal service conditions, the middle sand box 1 is lowered or raised to simulate the test under geological disaster conditions of pipeline settlement in the middle or at both ends.

[0035] When simulating the cavitation of the pipe bottom foundation, a controllable airbag needs to be prepared and placed in advance when filling sand into sand box 1. Then, the volume of cavitation of sand inside sand box 1 can be controlled by controlling the volume of gas inside the airbag, so that tests can be carried out on different cavitation volume conditions of the pipe bottom.

[0036] Compared with existing technologies, the device of this invention can simulate various geological disaster conditions on a unified test platform, which greatly reduces test costs and helps to form unified test standards. It not only improves test efficiency, but also enables researchers to more comprehensively and systematically evaluate the service performance and failure mechanisms of underground pipelines under complex geological disasters, providing important technical support for disaster prevention, mitigation and resilience enhancement of urban water supply networks.

[0037] In some of the above-mentioned solutions of the present invention, an experimental device for simulating geological disasters by arranging multiple sand boxes 1 is proposed. However, in the actual test process, multiple sand boxes 1 need to undergo complex lifting and translation movements to simulate layering and settlement. If the sand boxes 1 lack a stable support structure and there is no effective connection and guiding constraint between each sand box 1, it will cause the sand boxes 1 to produce unstable shaking or deviate from the predetermined trajectory during the movement, thereby affecting the accuracy and reliability of simulating geological disasters. In this invention, the placement rack 2 is composed of multiple frame-shaped support frames 21; the multiple support frames 21 are arranged in sequence, and the position of each support frame 21 located in the middle area of ​​the multiple support frames 21 corresponds to the position between two adjacent sand boxes 1; the bottom and sides of each pair of adjacent support frames 21 are fixedly connected by X-shaped reinforcing rods 22.

[0038] The placement frame 2 is an integral frame structure used to support and carry multiple sand boxes 1 and related drive equipment. It provides a stable and robust foundation platform to ensure the accuracy and stability of the sand boxes 1 during simulated geological disaster movements. The placement frame 2 can be constructed from high-strength steel, aluminum alloy profiles, or composite materials through welding, bolting, or integral molding. The frame-like support frame 21 refers to a frame unit with a certain spatial rigidity formed by enclosing rods or plates. As the basic component of the placement frame 2, its function is to provide direct load-bearing and support for the sand boxes 1. The frame-like structure provides good bending and torsional resistance, ensuring that the support frame 21 itself will not undergo significant deformation during the movement of the sand boxes 1. The support frame 21 can be constructed from rectangular steel pipes, square steel, I-beams, or other profiles through welding, bolting, or riveting to form a closed or semi-closed frame.

[0039] Multiple support frames 21 are arranged in a straight line according to a certain order and spacing, forming a continuous support system. This sequential arrangement ensures that the length and width of the entire test apparatus can accommodate the arrangement requirements of multiple sand boxes 1, and provides an independent support area for each sand box 1. This arrangement can be achieved by arranging the support frames 21 side by side, or by connecting them in series with connectors. The position of each support frame 21 cleverly corresponds to the space between two adjacent sand boxes 1, rather than below a single sand box 1. This positioning method is crucial, as it means that each support frame 21 can effectively transfer the load of two sand boxes 1 to the same support frame 21, and provide a clear boundary and support point for the relative movement between the sand boxes 1. For example, the support frame 21 can be set between the side walls of two sand boxes 1, or between the bottom edges of two sand boxes 1.

[0040] To further enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the placement frame 2, the bottom and sides of each pair of adjacent support frames 21 are fixedly connected by reinforcing rods 22 of X-shaped structure. The X-shaped structure is a truss or frame structure reinforcement form. Through the arrangement of diagonal rods, it can effectively resist shear force and torque, and enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the structure. The function of the reinforcing rod 22 is to connect adjacent support frames 21 to prevent them from relative displacement or deformation under stress, thereby improving the deformation resistance of the entire placement frame 2. Secondly, the X-shaped reinforcing rod 22 can be fixed to the support frame 21 by welding, bolting, or pinning materials such as steel bars, steel pipes, and flat steel. The bottom and sides are fixedly connected by the X-shaped reinforcing rod 22, which means that the reinforcing rod 22 not only connects the bottom of adjacent support frames 21, but also their sides. This multi-directional connection method gives the placement frame 2 high rigidity in both horizontal and vertical directions. The bottom connection can resist vertical shear force, while the side connections can resist horizontal shear force, together ensuring that the entire placement frame 2 remains stable when the sand box 1 is lifted, lowered, and translated, avoiding shaking and deformation. The fixed connection can be made by welding, high-strength bolting, riveting, etc., to ensure the firmness and reliability of the connection.

[0041] By constructing a placement frame 2 consisting of multiple frame-shaped support frames 21 and connecting adjacent support frames 21 with X-shaped reinforcing rods 22, a stable physical support foundation is provided for the movement of the sand boxes 1. When multiple sand boxes 1 move up and down and translate left and right sides under the control of the lifting drive 3 and the translation drive 4 on the placement frame 2, the support frame 21, as the main load-bearing and support structure, can effectively distribute and transfer the load of the sand boxes 1. Since the support frame 21 is located between adjacent sand boxes 1, it provides a support point for the relative displacement of the sand boxes 1, ensuring that the movement trajectory of the sand boxes 1 is strictly constrained during staggered or settlement simulations. The design of the X-shaped reinforcing rods 22 can effectively enhance the overall shear resistance and deformation resistance of the placement frame 2, preventing displacement or loosening of the support structure due to uneven force during frequent movement of the sand boxes 1. This structural layout not only ensures the stability of the sand box 1 during movement, but also achieves effective division and fixation of multiple sand box 1 movement areas through the arrangement of modular support frames 21, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the displacement of the sand box 1 during simulated geological disasters and providing a stable test environment for the subsequent accurate detection of pipeline bending deformation.

[0042] Through the above technical solution, the experimental device of the present invention can effectively solve the problem of swaying or deviating from the predetermined trajectory caused by the lack of stable support and effective constraints when multiple sand boxes 1 undergo complex lifting and translation movements. The placement frame 2 adopts a frame-like support frame 21, supplemented by X-shaped reinforcing rods 22 for fixed connection, which greatly enhances the structural rigidity and stability of the entire device. This design enables each sand box 1 to obtain precise and stable support when performing simulated geological disaster movements such as layering and settlement, and its movement trajectory is subject to strict physical constraints, thereby avoiding unnecessary swaying and displacement deviations. This not only improves the accuracy and reliability of simulating geological disasters, but also provides a stable experimental environment for the subsequent accurate detection of pipeline bending deformation, ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the test results.

[0043] In some of the above-mentioned solutions of the present invention, the lifting drive 3 is used to realize the lifting movement of the sand box 1. However, in the actual simulation test, it is difficult to realize the flexible displacement and positioning of the sand box 1 in the horizontal direction by relying solely on the lifting drive 3. Furthermore, the connection stability between the lifting drive 3 and the sand box 1, as well as the stability of the sand box 1 during the movement, lack effective support and guiding structures. This leads to the sand box 1 being prone to deviation in movement trajectory or structural instability when performing staggered or settlement simulations, making it difficult to accurately simulate the stress state of the pipeline under complex geological disasters. To address this, the present invention further proposes that the bottom of the lifting drive 3 is provided with an isolation frame 31 for placing the lifting drive 3; the isolation frame 31 is placed horizontally at the bottom of the corresponding sand box 1; the bottom end of the lifting drive 3 is fixedly connected to the isolation frame 31. The bottom of the isolation frame 31 is provided with multiple pulleys 32; a track 33 matching the pulleys 32 is provided between the support frame 21 and the pulleys 32 at the bottom of the isolation frame 31, allowing the isolation frame 31 to move horizontally to the left and right sides of the support frame 21 under the cooperative action of the pulleys 32 and the track 33. The lifting drive 3 is a device that provides vertical power to achieve the lifting and lowering movement of the sand box 1. It can be a hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, or electric push rod, etc., and through telescopic movement, it precisely positions and moves the sand box 1 in the vertical direction. The isolation frame 31 is a structural component located at the bottom of the lifting drive 3 and horizontally placed at the bottom of the sand box 1. It is used to support the lifting drive 3 and connect it to the bottom of the sand box 1. The isolation frame 31 can be made of high-strength metal plate, such as steel plate or aluminum alloy plate. Its function is to provide a stable mounting platform so that the lifting drive 3 can be reliably fixed and its lifting force can be evenly transmitted to the sand box 1. The pulleys 32 are rolling components located at the bottom of the isolation frame 31, used to support the isolation frame 31 and enable it to move in the horizontal direction. The pulleys 32 can be made of wear-resistant material, and their number and distribution can be designed according to the size and load-bearing requirements of the isolation frame 31 to reduce the frictional resistance of the isolation frame 31 during horizontal movement and ensure smooth and labor-saving movement. The track 33 is a guide structure mounted on the support frame 21 and cooperating with the pulleys 32 at the bottom of the isolation frame 31. It is used to guide the isolation frame 31 to move precisely in a straight line in the horizontal direction. The track 33 can be in the form of U-shaped channel steel, T-shaped guide rail, or dovetail groove, etc., and its material is usually high-strength steel to ensure its rigidity and wear resistance. It provides a smooth and guiding running path for the pulleys 32, ensuring the stability of the trajectory of the isolation frame 31 and the sand box 1 when moving horizontally.

[0044] Through the aforementioned technical means, the lifting drive 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the isolation frame 31, which is then placed horizontally at the bottom of the sand box 1. This allows the vertical thrust or pull force of the lifting drive 3 to be stably transmitted to the sand box 1 through the isolation frame 31 when performing the lifting action. At the same time, the multiple pulleys 32 at the bottom of the isolation frame 31 match the rails 33 on the support frame 21 in the placement frame 2. When the sand box 1 needs to move horizontally, for example, by pushing the sand box 1 with the translation drive 4, the isolation frame 31 can smoothly move left and right along the direction of the rails 33 with the cooperation of the pulleys 32 and the rails 33. This design cleverly combines the vertical movement function of the lifting drive 3 with the horizontal guidance and support functions provided by the isolation frame 31, pulleys 32, and rails 33. The lifting drive 3 is responsible for the vertical positioning of the sand box 1, while the isolation frame 31, pulleys 32, and rails 33 provide stable support and precise guidance for the horizontal movement of the sand box 1. This structure enables the sand box 1 to achieve precise vertical lifting and lowering, as well as smooth and controllable horizontal displacement. This solves the problems of difficult horizontal displacement and positioning, poor connection stability, and insufficient motion smoothness associated with traditional solutions. In simulating geological disasters, such as layer misalignment, the lifting actuator 3 can adjust the vertical height of the sand box 1, while the isolation frame 31, pulleys 32, and track 33, in conjunction with the translation actuator 4, achieve horizontal misalignment of the sand box 1. This allows the pipeline to withstand precisely controlled bending deformation, greatly improving the realism and accuracy of the simulation.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, a translation actuator 4 is proposed to drive the sand box 1 to move left and right to simulate geological disasters. However, in actual operation, how to securely install the translation actuator 4 in the device structure and ensure that it can accurately and stably transmit power to the sand box 1 to achieve controllable displacement of the sand box 1 under complex test conditions is the key to ensuring the accuracy of the test. If the translation actuator 4 is improperly installed or the fixing method is unstable, it will lead to low driving force transmission efficiency, or even structural loosening when simulating severe displacements such as layer shifting, thereby affecting the realism and reliability of the simulated geological disasters. To address this, the present invention further proposes a specific installation method for the translation driver 4, namely, the translation driver 4 is positioned between the sand box 1 and the corresponding reinforcing rod 22; the translation driver 4 is arranged laterally, with its bottom fixedly connected to the lateral reinforcing rod 22, and its output end facing and contacting the sand box 1; wherein, the translation driver 4 is a device capable of converting energy into linear motion, and its function is to provide precise horizontal thrust or pull force to the sand box 1 to achieve left and right translation of the sand box 1; the translation driver 4 can be driven by a servo motor, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, and the translation driver 4 is positioned between the sand box 1 and the corresponding reinforcing rod 22. This layout clarifies the spatial position of the driver in the entire test device, ensures that the driving force can directly act on the sand box 1, and utilizes the structural strength of the placement frame 2. For example, the translation actuator 4 can be installed between the side wall of the sand box 1 and the reinforcing rod 22 of the placement frame 2, or connected by a customized connecting bracket. The translation actuator 4 is set in a horizontal position, which means that its main axis of motion is consistent with the left and right translation direction of the sand box 1. This setting ensures that the actuator can directly and effectively convert the linear thrust into the horizontal displacement of the sand box 1, avoiding force loss or uneven force due to angular deviation.

[0046] The present invention cleverly arranges the translation actuator 4 between the sand box 1 and the reinforcing rod 22 of the placement frame 2, and adopts a structural layout in which the bottom is fixed to the reinforcing rod 22 and the output end abuts against the sand box 1, thereby realizing the modular integration and efficient force transmission of the drive device. Specifically, when it is necessary to simulate the misalignment or horizontal displacement caused by geological disasters, the translation actuator 4 is activated. Since its bottom is fixedly connected to the sturdy reinforcing rod 22 in the placement frame 2, when the translation actuator 4 generates thrust, its reaction force can be effectively absorbed by the reinforcing rod 22, thereby ensuring the stability of the actuator itself and avoiding swaying or displacement caused by reaction force during operation. At the same time, the translation actuator 4 is arranged laterally, and its output end directly faces and contacts the side wall of the sand box 1, so that the driving force can act on the sand box 1 in the most direct and effective way, pushing the sand box 1 to move accurately along the preset horizontal direction. This direct contact transmission method reduces intermediate transmission links and greatly improves the transmission efficiency of driving force and the response speed and control accuracy of the displacement of the sand box 1. With this structural configuration, the translation actuator 4 can smoothly and continuously push the sand box 1 to produce the expected relative displacement, thereby accurately simulating the shearing and bending effects of geological disasters on the pipeline. This design not only makes full use of the structural strength of the placement frame 2, providing solid support for the translation actuator 4, but also ensures that the displacement control of the sand box 1 can achieve high precision and high stability when simulating complex geological disasters, effectively improving the structural stability and simulation accuracy of the entire test device.

[0047] Through the above technical solution, the translation actuator 4 is stably installed between the sand box 1 and the reinforcing rod 22, with its bottom fixedly connected to the reinforcing rod 22 and its output end directly contacting the sand box 1. This effectively solves the problems of unstable installation and low power transmission efficiency of the translation actuator 4 in traditional solutions. This design utilizes the inherent structural strength of the reinforcing rod 22 in the placement frame 2 to provide solid and reliable support for the translation actuator 4, greatly enhancing the stability of the actuator during operation and avoiding displacement errors caused by the actuator's own shaking. At the same time, the translation actuator 4 is arranged laterally and acts directly on the sand box 1, simplifying the transmission path, improving the transmission efficiency and response speed of the driving force, and making the horizontal displacement control of the sand box 1 more precise. This ensures that when simulating typical geological disasters such as layering and settlement, the relative displacement of the sand box 1 can be achieved smoothly and accurately, thereby realistically and effectively simulating the shearing and bending effects of geological disasters on pipelines, and significantly improving the structural stability, simulation accuracy, and reliability of the test results of the test device.

[0048] In some of the embodiments of the present invention described above, although the displacement movement of the sand box 1 is achieved by the lifting drive 3 and the translation drive 4 to simulate geological disasters, during the complex lifting and translation movement of the sand box 1, the sand box 1 is prone to swaying or tilting off the predetermined trajectory, resulting in unstable displacement deviation between the sand box 1 and the placement frame 2, which in turn affects the accuracy of simulating geological disasters and the stability of the device operation. To address this, the present invention further proposes that the sand box 1 is provided with a guide device 11 on both the left and right sides to prevent the sand box 1 from moving towards the front and rear sides of the placement frame 2. The guide device 11 includes a support rod 12 and a sleeve 13 arranged in a horizontal position. One end of the support rod 12 is fixedly connected to the sand box 1. The sleeve 13 is sleeved on the other end of the support rod 12 and can extend and retract on the support rod 12 in both directions. A guide wheel 14 is rotatably provided on the outer end of the sleeve 13. A slide rail 15 matching the guide wheel 14 is fixedly provided on the inner side wall of the support frame 21. The slide rail 15 is arranged in a vertical position, so that the guide wheel 14 can move vertically along the trajectory of the slide rail 15. A spring is provided between the sleeve 13 and the support rod 12. Under the pushing force at both ends of the spring, the support rod 12 and the sleeve 13 can be driven to move in both directions respectively.

[0049] The corrector 11 ensures that the sand box 1 remains within a predetermined trajectory during lifting, lowering, and translation, thereby improving the accuracy of the simulation experiment and the stability of the device operation. The support rod 12 and sleeve 13 form a telescopic connection structure. The support rod 12 is a solid rod, and the sleeve 13 is a cylindrical component that accommodates the support rod 12 and allows it to slide within it. The guide wheel 14 is a rotatable component located on the outer end of the sleeve 13. Its main function is to convert the vertical movement of the sand box 1 into rolling friction through cooperation with the slide rail 15 during lifting, thereby reducing movement resistance and providing precise vertical guidance. The guide wheel 14 can be a solid wheel made of polyurethane or a metal wheel with internal rolling bearings. The slide rail 15 is a guide component fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the support frame 21. Its shape and size match the guide wheel 14, and the slide rail 15 provides a preset trajectory for the guide wheel 14, ensuring its smooth operation. By vertically mounting the slide rail 15 onto the support frame 21, the guide wheel 14 can only move in the vertical direction, effectively limiting any deviation of the sand box 1 in the front-to-back direction. A spring is positioned between the sleeve 13 and the support rod 12, providing a continuous elastic thrust that keeps the support rod 12 and sleeve 13 taut at both ends, thus eliminating gaps at the connection. Various types of springs, such as compression springs and tension springs, can be used, with the specific choice depending on the required thrust direction and space constraints.

[0050] By installing guide rollers 11 on both sides of the sand box 1, the movement of the sand box 1 on the placement frame 2 is guided and constrained. When the lifting drive 3 drives the sand box 1 to move vertically, the guide wheel 14 in the guide roller 11 closely cooperates with the vertically arranged slide rail 15 on the inner side wall of the support frame 21. The guide wheel 14 rolls smoothly along the trajectory of the slide rail 15, restricting the vertical movement of the sand box 1 within a predetermined vertical plane, effectively preventing the sand box 1 from swaying or deviating to the front or rear sides of the placement frame 2 during the lifting process. At the same time, since the guide wheel 14 and the slide rail 15 use rolling friction, the movement resistance is significantly reduced compared to sliding friction, thus ensuring the smoothness of the lifting movement. The spring installed between the sleeve 13 and the support rod 12 continuously provides thrust in both directions, so that the support rod 12 and the sleeve 13 are always kept taut. This elastic compensation mechanism not only allows the guide device 11 to adaptively extend and retract as the sand box 1 moves left and right, ensuring the tightness of the guide mechanism and eliminating gaps at the connection, but also allows the guide device 11 to still provide constraints in the forward and backward directions when the sand box 1 moves left and right, preventing unnecessary deflection or shaking of the sand box 1 during the translation process.

[0051] In practical applications, in order to adapt to pipes of different diameters for testing, a rotating telescopic metal round end plate is provided at the through hole on each sand box 1 to adapt and clamp the pipe. This is used to adjust the size of the reserved hole in the clamping area according to the pipe of different diameters, so as to conduct pipe tests of different diameters and further improve the practical application adaptability of this application.

[0052] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated physical model test device for typical geological hazards in pipelines, characterized in that, Includes multiple sand boxes arranged in sequence (1); Each sand box (1) has through holes on both the front and back sides for placing pipes; Multiple sand boxes (1) are equipped with storage racks (2) on their exteriors; A lifting drive (3) is provided between the bottom of the sand box (1) and the placement rack (2) to lift the sand box (1). Translation actuators (4) are provided between the two sides of the sand box (1) and the placement frame (2) to move the sand box (1) in the left and right directions.

2. The integrated physical model test device for typical geological hazards in pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, A water supply device (5) for supplying water to the inside of the pipe is provided on one side of the sand box (1), and the water supply device (5) is equipped with a matching water tank.

3. The integrated physical model test device for typical pipeline geological hazards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sand box (1) has a cavity extending through the top for holding sand. Multiple sand boxes (1) are arranged close to each other in a straight line, that is, the through holes on the front and back sides of all sand boxes (1) are arranged in a straight line.

4. The integrated physical model test device for typical pipeline geological hazards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The placement rack (2) is composed of multiple frame-shaped support frames (21); Multiple support frames (21) are arranged in sequence, and the position of each support frame (21) located in the middle area of ​​the multiple support frames (21) corresponds to the position between two adjacent sand boxes (1); The bottom and sides of each pair of adjacent support frames (21) are fixedly connected by reinforcing rods (22) of X-shaped structure.

5. The integrated physical model test device for typical pipeline geological hazards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the lifting drive (3) is provided with an isolation frame (31) for placing the lifting drive (3). The isolation frame (31) is placed horizontally at the bottom of the corresponding sand box (1); The bottom end of the lifting drive (3) is fixedly connected to the isolation frame (31).

6. The integrated physical model test device for typical pipeline geological hazards according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the isolation frame (31) is provided with multiple pulleys (32); A track (33) matching the pulley (32) is provided between the support frame (21) and the pulley (32) at the bottom of the isolation frame (31). The isolation frame (31) can move horizontally to the left and right sides of the support frame (21) under the cooperation between the pulley (32) and the track (33).

7. The integrated physical model test device for typical pipeline geological hazards according to claim 4, characterized in that, The translation actuator (4) is positioned between the sand box (1) and the corresponding reinforcing rod (22); The translation driver (4) is arranged horizontally, and the bottom of the translation driver (4) is fixedly connected to the side reinforcing rod (22), and the output end faces the sand box (1) and is in contact with the sand box (1).

8. The integrated physical model test device for typical pipeline geological hazards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sand box (1) is provided with a guide device (11) on the left and right sides to prevent the sand box (1) from moving in the front and rear directions of the placement frame (2). The corrector (11) includes a support rod (12) and a sleeve (13) arranged in a horizontal position. One end of the support rod (12) is fixedly connected to the sand box (1); The sleeve (13) is fitted onto the other end of the support rod (12) and can extend and retract on the support rod (12) in both directions.

9. The integrated physical model test device for typical pipeline geological hazards according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer end of the sleeve (13) is rotatably provided with a guide wheel (14). The inner wall of the support frame (21) is fixedly provided with a slide rail (15) that matches the guide wheel (14). The slide rail (15) is set in a vertical state, so that the guide wheel (14) can move vertically along the trajectory of the slide rail (15).

10. The integrated physical model test device for typical pipeline geological hazards according to claim 8, characterized in that, A spring is provided between the sleeve (13) and the support rod (12). Under the thrust of the spring, the support rod (12) and the sleeve (13) can be moved to the two ends respectively.

11. The test method of the integrated physical model test device for typical geological hazards in pipelines according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The experimental method steps are as follows: S1: Fill the sand box (1) with sand until the reserved through hole in the sand box is filled, and compact the filled sand to achieve the set density. S2: Insert the pipe through the through hole on one side of the sand box (1) and pass through the through holes of multiple sand boxes (1) in this way, so that the pipe is placed horizontally between multiple sand boxes (1) arranged together, and so that both ends of the pipe protrude a distance from the outside of the sand box (1). S3: Continue to fill with sand to cover the inserted pipes and fill to the height of the sand box; S4: Seal both ends of the pipe using pipe end sealing clamps; S5: Connect one end of the water supply pipeline through the water supply equipment (5) and fill the pipeline with water; S6: Based on the faulting and settlement state in the geological disaster, control the corresponding lifting drive (3) and translation drive (4) on the sand box (1) to control the lifting and translating movements of multiple sand boxes (1) respectively. S7: When simulating the void state of the bottom of the pipe in a geological disaster, a controllable airbag is placed in advance when filling the sand box (1) with sand, and the volume of the gas in the airbag is controlled to control the volume of the voided sand inside the sand box (1).

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