An apparatus for quantifying the content of tobacco waste biochar in soil

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of soil testing equipment technology, and discloses a device for quantifying the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil. The device includes: a central positioning base for providing fixed support and rotational drive for the device, comprising a bottom fixed base and a nested movable base movably mounted on the bottom fixed base; and multiple divergent docking seats, circumferentially distributed and movably mounted on the sidewalls of the nested movable base. The device achieves quick and detachable connection between the external quantitative base and the divergent docking seats through an electromagnetic on / off mechanism, enabling the device to simultaneously possess both automatic and handheld testing modes. This makes it suitable for rapid surveys of large, well-organized plots, as well as for detailed testing in complex terrain areas, greenhouse potted plants, and anomaly point verification. The two modes can be flexibly switched or combined, broadening the device's applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil testing equipment technology, specifically to a device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil. Background Technology

[0002] Biochar generally refers to a carbon-rich product produced by the incomplete combustion of biomass under anaerobic conditions using a specific carbonization process based on widely available natural biomass resources. Studies have shown that biochar application to soil can alter the soil's physicochemical properties, playing a significant role in improving fertilizer utilization efficiency, increasing crop yields, and promoting sustainable agricultural development. However, the yield-increasing effect of biochar has a certain "range of application"; when its application exceeds a certain threshold, crop yields may actually decrease. Therefore, real-time monitoring of soil biochar content is crucial for guiding the scientific application of biochar.

[0003] Currently, the detection of soil biochar content mainly relies on two technical approaches. The first is laboratory analysis methods, such as elemental analysis (CHN analyzers) which determine the total carbon content in soil and biochar samples through high-temperature combustion. This method is highly accurate, but requires on-site sampling and processing in the laboratory, making rapid on-site detection impossible. The second is spectroscopic detection technology. Studies have shown that visible-near-infrared spectroscopy (VIS-NIRS) can be used to detect and compare the organic carbon content of soils with different biochar application rates.

[0004] However, existing soil biochar testing devices generally suffer from a lack of diverse operating modes. Some devices employ a fixed structure, requiring the entire device to be deployed on the site to be tested. Testing is completed through built-in detection units, suitable for batch testing of regular plots, but inconvenient to operate in complex terrain areas or at scattered locations. Another type of device uses a portable or handheld design, offering better flexibility and mobility, but is less efficient when multi-point, standardized batch testing is required. Both modes have their applicable scenarios, but existing devices typically only offer one operating mode, making it difficult to switch flexibly according to on-site testing needs, thus limiting the applicability and operational efficiency of the equipment to some extent. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for quantifying the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil, comprising:

[0007] The central positioning seat is used to provide fixed support and rotation drive for the equipment, and includes a bottom fixed seat and a nested movable seat movably mounted on the bottom fixed seat;

[0008] Multiple divergent docking seats are circumferentially distributed and movably installed on the side wall of the nested movable seat, used to support the detection unit and can achieve circumferential rotation under the drive of the nested movable seat;

[0009] An external quantitative base is detachably mounted on each of the aforementioned divergent docking bases via an electromagnetic on / off mechanism, and is used to mount probe quantitative heads with different detection functions;

[0010] An insertion-type quantitative probe is mounted on the lower end of the external quantitative base via a telescopic mechanism, and is used to insert into the soil at a preset depth for detection under the drive of the telescopic mechanism.

[0011] The central controller is mounted on the bottom fixed base and is communicatively connected to the nested movable base, each of the divergent docking bases and each of the external quantitative bases.

[0012] This device has an automatic detection mode and a handheld detection mode:

[0013] In automatic detection mode, the central controller controls the nested movable seat to rotate, driving each of the divergent docking seats and the external quantitative seat and probe quantitative head mounted thereon to the predetermined detection position in sequence, and driving each probe quantitative head to be independently inserted into the soil for detection through the telescopic mechanism;

[0014] In handheld testing mode, the external quantitative seat, together with the probe-type quantitative head at its bottom, can be separated from the corresponding divergent docking seat and moved by the operator to the predetermined testing point for independent testing. The testing data is transmitted back to the central controller for comprehensive analysis and processing through the electromagnetic switching mechanism.

[0015] According to the above technical solution, the bottom fixing base includes:

[0016] The positioning sleeve seat has an open top and a closed bottom, and the central controller is fixedly installed at the center of the lower end of the positioning sleeve seat;

[0017] Fixed support legs are evenly distributed circumferentially at the lower end of the positioning sleeve seat;

[0018] The puncture rod is fixedly installed at the lower end of the fixed support leg.

[0019] According to the above technical solution, the nested active seat includes:

[0020] The concave nested cylinder consists of an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and an annular plate connecting the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. The outer cylinder is movably fitted onto the outside of the positioning sleeve seat. The top and bottom of the outer cylinder are hollow. The inner cylinder is movably fitted onto the inside of the positioning sleeve seat. The annular plate overlaps the top of the positioning sleeve seat. The top of the inner cylinder is hollow and the bottom is closed. A slip ring is fixedly installed on the outside of the outer cylinder. The slip ring is slidably installed in a groove on the side wall of the positioning sleeve seat.

[0021] The first servo motor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the positioning sleeve seat, and its output end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder.

[0022] According to the above technical solution, the nested movable seat is further provided with a lifting mechanism for driving the divergent docking seat to rise and fall, the lifting mechanism comprising:

[0023] Guide rods are symmetrically arranged in the lifting grooves on the outer wall of the outer cylinder, and the guide rods are movably installed through the corresponding divergent docking seats;

[0024] The second servo motor is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting slot;

[0025] The first threaded drive rod is fixedly installed at the output end of the second servo motor and threadedly connected to the corresponding divergent docking seat.

[0026] According to the above technical solution, the divergent docking seat and the external quantitative seat are detachably connected by an electromagnetic switching mechanism, the electromagnetic switching mechanism comprising:

[0027] An electromagnet is fixedly installed at the center of the side wall of the divergent docking seat;

[0028] An adsorption magnet is embedded in the side wall of the external metering seat and is correspondingly arranged with the electromagnet.

[0029] External protrusions are fixedly installed at the four corners of the external metering seat;

[0030] The compression sensor is embedded in the inner groove of the side wall of the divergent docking seat, and the inner groove and the outer protrusion are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0031] According to the above technical solution, the electromagnetic switching mechanism further includes:

[0032] The first spring contact is evenly distributed around the periphery of the electromagnet.

[0033] The first contact base is evenly distributed around the periphery of the adsorption magnet and is set one-to-one with the first spring contact.

[0034] An identification chip is disposed on the side wall of the external metering seat and above the adsorption magnet. The identification chip stores the type identifier and calibration parameters of the current probe metering head.

[0035] The identifier is disposed on the side wall of the divergent docking seat and above the electromagnet, and is disposed corresponding to the identification chip. The identifier is electrically connected to the central controller and is used to read the information of the identification chip and send it to the central controller. The central controller calls the corresponding detection algorithm and correction model according to the information.

[0036] According to the above technical solution, the telescopic mechanism includes:

[0037] The main telescopic rod is hollow and is fixedly installed at the lower end of the external metering seat;

[0038] The auxiliary telescopic rod has a square cross-section and is movably installed inside the main telescopic rod, with its end fixedly installed at the top of the probe-type metering head.

[0039] The third servo motor is fixedly installed inside the top of the main telescopic rod, and a second threaded drive rod is fixedly installed at the telescopic end. The second threaded drive rod is threadedly connected to the top of the auxiliary telescopic rod.

[0040] According to the above technical solution, a limiting mechanism is also provided inside the inner cylinder, the limiting mechanism comprising:

[0041] The clamps are evenly distributed around the inner wall of the inner cylinder. The main telescopic rod is gradually tapered from top to bottom. The diameter of the upper end of the main telescopic rod is larger than the inner diameter of the clamps, and the diameter of the lower end of the main telescopic rod is larger than the inner diameter of the clamps.

[0042] The top abutment is located above the clamp and is evenly distributed around the inner wall of the inner cylinder. It consists of symmetrically arranged L-shaped abutment rods and a second contact seat located at the end of the L-shaped abutment rods.

[0043] The second spring contact is embedded in the abutment groove at the bottom of the external metering seat, and is configured to correspond one-to-one with the second contact seat.

[0044] According to the above technical solution, a sealing element is also provided at the upper end of the central positioning seat, the sealing element comprising:

[0045] The sealing head is threadedly connected to the threaded ring at the upper end of the central positioning seat;

[0046] The first electrical connection ring is embedded in the top of the sealing head;

[0047] The second electrical connection ring is embedded in the upper end of the threaded ring and is correspondingly arranged with the first electrical connection ring.

[0048] The solar panel is embedded in the top of the sealing head and electrically connected to the first electrical connection ring.

[0049] A quantitative method for a device for quantifying the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil includes the following steps:

[0050] S1. Equipment Deployment Steps

[0051] The central positioning seat is fixed to the predetermined position of the soil to be tested by the fixed support leg and the piercing rod, so that the nested movable seat is kept in a vertical state, and each of the external quantitative seats is installed on the corresponding divergent docking seat;

[0052] S2, Mode Selection

[0053] The central controller allows selection of either automatic detection mode or handheld detection mode.

[0054] S3, Automatic Detection

[0055] If the automatic detection mode is selected, the following sub-steps are performed:

[0056] S31: The central controller controls the nested movable seat to rotate, driving each of the divergent docking seats and the external quantitative seat and probe quantitative head mounted thereon to rotate, so that each of the probe quantitative heads arrives at the predetermined detection station in sequence;

[0057] S32: The central controller controls the telescopic mechanism to drive the probe quantitative head to insert into the soil at a preset depth to obtain the original detection signal in the soil corresponding to the content of tobacco waste biochar.

[0058] S33: Each of the probe-type quantitative heads transmits the original detection signal back to the central controller via the external quantitative seat and the divergent docking seat;

[0059] S4, Handheld Detection

[0060] If the handheld detection mode is selected, the following sub-steps are performed:

[0061] S41: Disconnect the external metering seat from the divergent docking seat using the electromagnetic switching mechanism, and remove the external metering seat along with the probe metering head at its bottom from the equipment.

[0062] S42: The operator holds the external quantitative seat, moves the probe quantitative head to the preset independent detection point, and presses the probe quantitative head into the soil to perform detection and obtain an independent original detection signal;

[0063] S43: After the test is completed, the external quantitative seat is reinstalled onto the divergent docking seat through the electromagnetic switching mechanism, and the independent original test signal is transmitted back to the central controller through the electromagnetic switching mechanism.

[0064] Step S5: Signal Identification and Correction

[0065] The central controller reads the type identifier and calibration parameters stored in the identification chip on the external quantitative seat through the identifier, and calls the corresponding detection algorithm according to the type identifier. At the same time, it calls the corresponding correction model according to the calibration parameters to correct the returned original detection signal or independent original detection signal to eliminate soil matrix interference.

[0066] S6. Quantitative Calculation

[0067] The central controller calculates the quantitative content of tobacco waste biochar in the soil based on the corrected signal strength and a preset biochar content-signal strength standard curve.

[0068] S7. Output Results

[0069] The central controller stores the calculated quantitative content results in its built-in memory and outputs them externally via a wireless communication module or a wired interface.

[0070] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0071] (1) The dual-mode detection architecture greatly improves the flexibility and adaptability of on-site detection.

[0072] This equipment uses an electromagnetic on / off mechanism to achieve quick and detachable connection between the external quantitative base and the divergent docking base, enabling the equipment to simultaneously have automatic detection mode and handheld detection mode. It is suitable for rapid general surveys of large, regular plots of land, and can also meet the fine detection needs of special scenarios such as complex terrain areas, greenhouse potted plants, and anomaly point verification. The two modes can be flexibly switched or combined, broadening the applicability of the equipment.

[0073] (2) Circumferential multi-point synchronous detection effectively eliminates the influence of soil spatial heterogeneity.

[0074] This device utilizes the rotational drive of nested movable seats to achieve multi-point even detection of multiple probe-type quantitative heads in a circumferential direction. The central controller comprehensively analyzes the signals from each detection point and calculates the average value, effectively overcoming the random errors of single-point detection. Data collected in both modes can be combined to calculate a comprehensive average value, forming a complete report on the distribution of biochar content in the land parcel, improving the representativeness and reliability of the detection results.

[0075] (3) Intelligent probe recognition and automatic configuration enable plug-and-play detection module

[0076] This device, through the cooperation of the identification chip and the identifier, automatically reads the type identification and calibration parameters of the probe quantitative head when it is connected in place. The central controller then automatically calls the corresponding detection algorithm and calibration model, eliminating the need for manual settings, reducing the operational threshold and human error, and greatly improving the ease of use of the device.

[0077] (4) The integrated storage and automatic charging structure effectively ensures the portability and battery life of the device.

[0078] This device uses a clamping mechanism to elastically lock and fix the main telescopic rod, preventing the probe-type metering head from accidentally extending during transportation. At the same time, the second spring contact and the second contact seat make contact and conduction when the device is retracted into place, realizing automatic charging of the energy storage element in the external metering seat. It integrates storage and fixation with automatic charging, making it particularly suitable for long-term continuous operation in the field. Attached Figure Description

[0079] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0080] Figure 1 This is a first perspective view of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 2 This is a second perspective view of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 3 This is a third perspective view of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 4 This is a first partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 5 This is a second partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 6 This is a third partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 7 This is a fourth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 8 This is a fifth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 9 This is the present invention. Figure 8 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0089] Figure 10This is a sixth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 11 This is a third-dimensional schematic diagram of the seventh part of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 12 This is the eighth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 13 This is a third-dimensional schematic diagram of the ninth part of the present invention;

[0093] In the diagram: 1-Central positioning seat, 11-Bottom fixing seat, 111-Positioning sleeve seat, 1111-Slide groove, 112-Fixed support leg, 113-Piercing rod, 12-Nested movable seat, 121-Concave nested cylinder, 1211-Outer cylinder, 12111-Lifting groove, 1212-Inner cylinder, 1213-Annular plate, 1214-Slip ring, 122-First servo motor, 2-Diverging docking seat, 3-External quantitative seat, 4-Central controller, 5-Probing quantitative head, 6-Electromagnetic switching mechanism, 61-Electromagnet, 62-Attraction magnet, 63-External protrusion, 64-Squeezing sensor, 65-Inner groove, 66-First spring 67-First contact seat, 68-Identification chip, 69-Identifier, 7-Lifting mechanism, 71-Guide rod, 72-Second servo motor, 73-First threaded drive rod, 8-Telescopic mechanism, 81-Main telescopic rod, 82-Second telescopic rod, 83-Third servo motor, 84-Second threaded drive rod, 9-Limiting mechanism, 91-Clamp, 92-Top abutment piece, 921-L-shaped abutment rod, 922-Second contact seat, 93-Second spring contact, 94-Abutment groove, 10-Seal, 101-Sealing head, 102-Threaded ring, 103-First electrical connection ring, 104-Second electrical connection ring, 105-Solar panel. Detailed Implementation

[0094] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0095] Please see Figure 1-13 The present invention provides a technical solution: a device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil, comprising:

[0096] The central positioning seat 1 is used to provide fixed support and rotation drive for the equipment. It includes a bottom fixed seat 11 and a nested movable seat 12 movably mounted on the bottom fixed seat 11.

[0097] Multiple divergent docking seats 2 are circumferentially distributed and movably installed on the side wall of the nested movable seat 12, used to support the detection unit and can achieve circumferential rotation under the drive of the nested movable seat 12;

[0098] An external quantitative seat 3 is detachably mounted on each of the aforementioned divergent docking seats 2 via an electromagnetic on / off mechanism 6, and is used to carry probe quantitative heads 5 with different detection functions;

[0099] The probe-type quantitative head 5 is set at the lower end of the external quantitative seat 3 via the telescopic mechanism 8, and is used to insert into the soil at a preset depth for detection under the drive of the telescopic mechanism 8;

[0100] The central controller 4 is mounted on the bottom fixed base 11 and is communicatively connected to the nested movable base 12, each of the divergent docking bases 2 and each of the external quantitative bases 3.

[0101] This device has an automatic detection mode and a handheld detection mode:

[0102] In automatic detection mode, the central controller 4 controls the nested movable seat 12 to rotate, driving each of the divergent docking seats 2 and the external quantitative seat 3 and the probe quantitative head 5 to arrive at the predetermined detection position in sequence, and driving each of the probe quantitative heads 5 to be independently inserted into the soil for detection through the telescopic mechanism 8.

[0103] In handheld detection mode, the external quantitative seat 3, together with the probe-type quantitative head 5 at its bottom, can be separated from the corresponding divergent docking seat 2 and moved by the operator to the predetermined detection point for independent detection. The detection data is transmitted back to the central controller 4 through the electromagnetic switching mechanism 6 for comprehensive analysis and processing.

[0104] Specifically, the bottom fixing base 11 includes:

[0105] The positioning sleeve seat 111 has an open top and a closed bottom, and the central controller 4 is fixedly installed at the center of the lower end of the positioning sleeve seat 111.

[0106] Fixed support legs 112 are evenly distributed circumferentially at the lower end of the positioning sleeve seat 111;

[0107] The puncture rod 113 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the fixed support leg 112;

[0108] Specifically, the nested active seat 12 includes:

[0109] The concave nested cylinder 121 is composed of an outer cylinder 1211, an inner cylinder 1212, and an annular plate 1213 connecting the outer cylinder 1211 and the inner cylinder 1212. The outer cylinder 1211 is movably sleeved on the outside of the positioning sleeve seat 111. The top and bottom of the outer cylinder 1211 are hollow. The inner cylinder 1212 is movably sleeved on the inside of the positioning sleeve seat 111. The annular plate 1213 overlaps the top of the positioning sleeve seat 111. The top of the inner cylinder 1212 is hollow and the bottom is closed. A slip ring 1214 is fixedly installed on the outside of the outer cylinder 1211. The slip ring 1214 is slidably installed in the sliding groove 1111 on the side wall of the positioning sleeve seat 111.

[0110] The first servo motor 122 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the positioning sleeve seat 111, and its output end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder 1212.

[0111] Specifically, the nested movable seat 12 is further provided with a lifting mechanism 7 for driving the divergent docking seat 2 to rise and fall, the lifting mechanism 7 including:

[0112] Guide rods 71 ​​are symmetrically arranged in the lifting grooves 12111 on the outer wall of the outer cylinder 1211, and the guide rods 71 ​​are movably installed through the corresponding divergent docking seat 2.

[0113] The second servo motor 72 is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting groove 12111;

[0114] The first threaded drive rod 73 is fixedly installed at the output end of the second servo motor 72 and is threadedly connected to the corresponding divergent docking seat 2;

[0115] Specifically, the divergent docking seat 2 and the external quantitative seat 3 are detachably connected by an electromagnetic on / off mechanism 6, which includes:

[0116] Electromagnet 61 is fixedly installed at the center of the side wall of the divergent docking seat 2;

[0117] An adsorption magnet 62 is embedded in the side wall of the external metering seat 3 and is correspondingly arranged with the electromagnet 61.

[0118] External protrusions 63 are fixedly installed at the four corners of the external metering seat 3;

[0119] The compression sensor 64 is embedded in the inner groove 65 of the side wall of the divergent docking seat 2, and the inner groove 65 and the outer protrusion 63 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0120] Specifically, the electromagnetic switching mechanism 6 further includes:

[0121] The first spring contact 66 is evenly distributed around the electromagnet 61 in a circumferential direction.

[0122] The first contact seat 67 is evenly distributed around the periphery of the adsorption magnet 62 and is set one-to-one with the first spring contact 66;

[0123] The identification chip 68 is disposed on the side wall of the external quantitative seat 3 and located above the adsorption magnet 62. The identification chip 68 stores the type identifier and calibration parameters of the current probe quantitative head 5.

[0124] The identifier 69 is disposed on the side wall of the divergent docking seat 2 and above the electromagnet 61, and is disposed corresponding to the identification chip 68. The identifier 69 is electrically connected to the central controller 4 and is used to read the information of the identification chip 68 and send it to the central controller 4. The central controller 4 calls the corresponding detection algorithm and correction model according to the information.

[0125] Specifically, the telescopic mechanism 8 includes:

[0126] The main telescopic rod 81 is hollow and is fixedly installed at the lower end of the external metering seat 3;

[0127] The auxiliary telescopic rod 82 has a square cross-section and is movably installed inside the main telescopic rod 81, with its end fixedly installed on the top of the probe-type quantitative head 5.

[0128] The third servo motor 83 is fixedly installed inside the top of the main telescopic rod 81, and the telescopic end is fixedly installed with a second threaded drive rod 84, which is threadedly connected to the top of the auxiliary telescopic rod 82.

[0129] Specifically, a limiting mechanism 9 is also provided inside the inner cylinder 1212, the limiting mechanism 9 including:

[0130] The clamps 91 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 1212. The main telescopic rod 81 is gradually tapered from top to bottom. The diameter of the upper end of the main telescopic rod 81 is larger than the inner diameter of the clamps 91, and the diameter of the lower end of the main telescopic rod 81 is larger than the inner diameter of the clamps 91.

[0131] The top abutment 92 is located above the clamp 91 and is evenly distributed around the inner wall of the inner cylinder 1212. It consists of symmetrically arranged L-shaped abutment rods 921 and a second contact seat 922 located at the end of the L-shaped abutment rods 921.

[0132] The second spring contact 93 is embedded in the abutment groove 94 at the bottom of the external metering seat 3, and is correspondingly arranged with the second contact seat 922.

[0133] Specifically, a sealing element 10 is also provided at the upper end of the central positioning seat 1, the sealing element 10 comprising:

[0134] The sealing head 101 is threadedly connected to the threaded ring 102 at the upper end of the central positioning seat 1;

[0135] The first electrical connection ring 103 is embedded in the top of the sealing head 101;

[0136] The second electrical connection ring 104 is embedded in the upper end of the threaded ring 102 and is correspondingly arranged with the first electrical connection ring 103.

[0137] The solar panel 105 is embedded in the top of the sealing head 101 and electrically connected to the first electrical connection ring 103;

[0138] A quantitative method for a device for quantifying the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil includes the following steps:

[0139] S1. Equipment Deployment Steps

[0140] The central positioning seat 1 is fixed to the predetermined position of the soil to be tested by the fixed support leg 112 and the piercing rod 113, so that the nested movable seat 12 is kept in a vertical state, and each of the external quantitative seats 3 is installed on each of the divergent docking seats 2.

[0141] S2, Mode Selection

[0142] The central controller 4 allows selection of either automatic detection mode or handheld detection mode.

[0143] S3, Automatic Detection

[0144] If the automatic detection mode is selected, the following sub-steps are performed:

[0145] S31: The central controller 4 controls the nested movable seat 12 to rotate, driving each of the divergent docking seats 2 and the external quantitative seat 3 and probe quantitative head 5 mounted thereon to rotate, so that each of the probe quantitative heads 5 arrives at the predetermined detection station in sequence.

[0146] S32: The central controller 4 controls the telescopic mechanism 8 to drive the probe quantitative head 5 to insert into the soil at a preset depth to obtain the original detection signal in the soil corresponding to the content of biochar in tobacco waste.

[0147] S33: Each of the probe-type quantitative heads 5 transmits the original detection signal back to the central controller 4 via the external quantitative seat 3 and the divergent docking seat 2;

[0148] S4, Handheld Detection

[0149] If the handheld detection mode is selected, the following sub-steps are performed:

[0150] S41: Disconnect the external metering seat 3 from the divergent docking seat 2 by means of the electromagnetic switching mechanism 6, and remove the external metering seat 3 together with the probe metering head 5 at its bottom from the equipment.

[0151] S42: The operator holds the external quantitative seat 3, moves the probe quantitative head 5 to the preset independent detection point, and presses the probe quantitative head 5 into the soil for detection to obtain an independent original detection signal;

[0152] S43: After the test is completed, the external quantitative seat 3 is reinstalled onto the divergent docking seat 2 through the electromagnetic switching mechanism 6, and the independent original test signal is transmitted back to the central controller 4 through the electromagnetic switching mechanism 6.

[0153] Step S5: Signal Identification and Correction

[0154] The central controller 4 reads the type identifier and calibration parameters stored in the identification chip 68 on the current external quantitative seat 3 through the identifier 69, and calls the corresponding detection algorithm according to the type identifier. At the same time, it calls the corresponding correction model according to the calibration parameters to correct the returned original detection signal or independent original detection signal to eliminate soil matrix interference.

[0155] S6. Quantitative Calculation

[0156] The central controller 4 calculates the quantitative content of tobacco waste biochar in the soil based on the corrected signal strength and a preset biochar content-signal strength standard curve.

[0157] S7. Output Results

[0158] The central controller 4 stores the calculated quantitative content results in its built-in memory.

[0159] This device is an integrated detection apparatus for in-situ rapid detection of tobacco waste biochar content in soil. It adopts near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technology and is designed with both automatic and handheld detection modes to achieve rapid quantitative analysis of soil biochar content on-site. The device has an automatic detection mode and a handheld detection mode, which are suitable for different detection scenarios.

[0160] (a) Automatic detection mode

[0161] In automatic detection mode, the central controller 4 controls the nested movable seat 12 to rotate, driving each of the divergent docking seats 2 and the external quantitative seat 3 and the probe quantitative head 5 to the predetermined detection position in sequence, and driving each of the probe quantitative heads 5 to be independently inserted into the soil for detection through the telescopic mechanism 8.

[0162] This model is suitable for scenarios with large plots, regular testing locations, and the need for standardized batch testing. By using multi-point circumferentially distributed testing, the influence of soil spatial heterogeneity on single-point testing results can be effectively eliminated, resulting in a more representative average biochar content value.

[0163] (ii) Handheld detection mode

[0164] In handheld testing mode, the external quantitative seat 3, together with the probe-type quantitative head 5 at its bottom, can be separated from the corresponding divergent docking seat 2 and moved by the operator to the predetermined testing point for independent testing. The testing data is transmitted back to the central controller 4 through the electromagnetic switching mechanism 6 for comprehensive analysis and processing.

[0165] This mode is suitable for scenarios such as complex terrain areas, greenhouse potted plants, laboratory sample testing, anomaly verification, and rapid preliminary screening, providing operators with a high degree of flexibility.

[0166] The ability to work in tandem with automatic detection mode offers the following advantages:

[0167] Independent use: Operators can choose any mode to complete the testing task independently according to the on-site conditions.

[0168] Combined use: In complex plots of land, the automatic detection mode can be used first to complete a rapid multi-point survey of regular areas, and then the handheld detection mode can be used to supplement the detection of special points that are difficult to cover by the automatic mode (such as boundary blind spots, near obstacles, and areas with abnormally high values).

[0169] Data fusion: The detection data collected by both modes are transmitted back to the same central controller 4. After being processed by the same identification, correction and quantitative calculation process, the comprehensive average value and statistical results are combined to form a complete biochar content distribution report of the plot.

[0170] Probe resource sharing: The external quantitative seat 3 and the probe quantitative head 5 can be freely switched between automatic and handheld modes. The same set of detection units can be used for automatic detection array or detached for independent handheld detection, which improves the utilization efficiency of the equipment.

[0171] The detailed quantitative detection process for this equipment is as follows:

[0172] Step S1: Equipment Deployment

[0173] The operator fixes the central positioning seat 1 to the predetermined position of the soil to be tested via the fixed support leg 112 and the puncture rod 113. Specifically, the puncture rod 113 is aligned with the perimeter of the predetermined detection point, and downward pressure is applied to vertically insert the puncture rod 113 into the soil until the lower surface of the fixed support leg 112 contacts the soil surface. At this point, the nested movable seat 12 remains vertical. Then, each external quantitative seat 3 is installed onto each divergent docking seat 2. The installation process involves aligning the adsorption magnet 62 on the side wall of the external quantitative seat 3 with the electromagnet 61 on the side wall of the divergent docking seat 2. The central controller 4 controls the electromagnet 61 to be energized, generating a magnetic force to attract the adsorption magnet 62, causing the external quantitative seat 3 to fit tightly against the divergent docking seat 2. During the fitting process, the external protrusions 63 at the four corners of the external quantitative seat 3 are respectively embedded into the inner grooves 65 on the side wall of the divergent docking seat 2, compressing the corresponding compression sensors 64. The compression sensor 64 sends a position signal to the central controller 4 to confirm that each external metering seat 3 has been correctly installed. At the same time, each of the first spring contacts 66 makes contact with the corresponding first contact seat 67 and conducts electricity. Each of the identifiers 69 reads the information of the corresponding identification chip 68 to complete the electrical connection and probe identification.

[0174] Step S2: Mode Selection

[0175] The operator selects between automatic detection mode and handheld detection mode through the human-machine interface of the central controller 4. The central controller 4 executes the corresponding workflow according to the operator's selection.

[0176] Step S3: Automatic Detection Mode

[0177] If the operator selects the automatic detection mode, the central controller 4 performs the following sub-steps:

[0178] S31: Workstation rotation

[0179] The central controller 4 controls the first servo motor 122 to start, which drives the inner cylinder 1212 to rotate, thereby causing the entire nested movable seat 12 to rotate relative to the bottom fixed seat 11. Each of the divergent docking seats 2, along with their attached external quantitative seats 3 and probe quantitative heads 5, rotates synchronously with the nested movable seat 12, allowing each probe quantitative head 5 to sequentially reach its predetermined detection position. The central controller 4 monitors the rotation angle in real time using a built-in angle sensor to ensure positioning accuracy.

[0180] S32: Probe Extension and Detection

[0181] Once each of the probe-type quantitative heads 5 reaches its predetermined detection position, the central controller 4 first activates the second servo motor 72 of the lifting mechanism 7. The second servo motor 72 drives the first threaded drive rod 73 to rotate, driving each of the divergent docking seats 2 to synchronously descend to a preset height along the guide rod 71 through threaded engagement. Then, the central controller 4 activates the third servo motor 83 of the telescopic mechanism 8. The third servo motor 83 drives the second threaded drive rod 84 to rotate, driving the auxiliary telescopic rod 82 to extend from the main telescopic rod 81 through threaded engagement, allowing the probe-type quantitative head 5 to be vertically inserted into the soil to a preset depth. The near-infrared spectral sensor integrated within the probe-type quantitative head 5 emits near-infrared light into the soil, receives the reflected spectral signal, and converts it into a raw detection signal.

[0182] During the testing process, each of the probe-type quantitative heads 5 works independently without interfering with each other, and can simultaneously or sequentially complete the signal acquisition of their respective testing stations.

[0183] S33: Signal return

[0184] Each of the probe-type quantitative heads 5 amplifies and converts the acquired raw detection signals through the signal conditioning circuit of the external quantitative base 3. The signals are then transmitted back to the central controller 4 sequentially via the first spring contact 66 and the first contact seat 67 between the external quantitative base 3 and the divergent docking seat 2, and via the electrical connection line between the divergent docking seat 2 and the central controller 4. The central controller 4 identifies and stores the received signals according to the detection station number.

[0185] Step S4: Handheld Detection Mode

[0186] If the operator selects the handheld detection mode, the central controller 4 performs the following sub-steps:

[0187] S41: External metering seat separation

[0188] The operator issues a separation command through the human-machine interface of the central controller 4. The central controller 4 then de-energizes the electromagnet 61 of the electromagnetic on / off mechanism 6. The electromagnet 61 loses its magnetic force, releasing the adsorption magnet 62, thus disengaging the mechanical connection between the external metering seat 3 and the divergent docking seat 2. The operator then removes the external metering seat 3, along with its bottom probe-type metering head 5, from the divergent docking seat 2.

[0189] S42: Independent Point Detection

[0190] The operator holds the external quantitative base 3 and moves the probe-type quantitative head 5 to a preset independent detection point. The tip of the probe-type quantitative head 5 is vertically aligned with the soil surface, and pressure is applied to insert it into the soil to a preset depth. The near-infrared spectral sensor integrated within the probe-type quantitative head 5 acquires signals, obtaining independent raw detection signals. After a single-point detection is completed, the operator pulls the probe-type quantitative head 5 out of the soil and moves it to the next preset detection point, repeating the above operation until data acquisition for all preset independent detection points is completed.

[0191] In handheld mode, the energy storage element inside the external metering seat 3 provides it with working power, and the collected independent raw detection signals are temporarily stored in the built-in memory of the external metering seat 3.

[0192] S43: External metering seat reinstallation and data transmission

[0193] After completing data acquisition at all handheld detection points, the operator brings the external quantitative seat 3 back to the equipment and aligns the magnetic magnet 62 on its side wall with the electromagnet 61 on the side wall of the divergent docking seat 2. The central controller 4 energizes the electromagnet 61, causing it to re-attract the magnetic magnet 62, thus restoring the mechanical and electrical connection between the external quantitative seat 3 and the divergent docking seat 2. Once connected, the external quantitative seat 3 transmits the stored independent original detection signals back to the central controller 4 via the first spring contact 66 and the first contact seat 67 of the electromagnetic on / off mechanism 6.

[0194] Step S5: Signal Identification and Correction

[0195] Regardless of whether automatic or handheld detection mode is used, the central controller 4 performs the following processing after receiving the original detection signals from each detection point:

[0196] First, the central controller 4 reads the type identifier and calibration parameters stored in the identification chip 68 on the external quantitative probe 3 through the identifier 69. The information stored in the identification chip 68 includes: the sensor model, spectral response range, factory calibration coefficient, and expiration date of the probe-type quantitative probe 5.

[0197] The central controller 4, based on the read type identifier, calls the detection algorithm corresponding to that type identifier from its built-in algorithm library. Simultaneously, it calls the corresponding correction model based on the calibration parameters to correct the returned raw detection signal (or the independent raw detection signal in handheld mode) to eliminate soil matrix interference. The correction process includes, but is not limited to: correction of the absorption of the spectral signal by soil moisture content, correction of the spectral baseline drift by soil temperature, and correction of the effect of soil particle size on light scattering, ensuring reliable signal data can be obtained under different soil conditions.

[0198] Step S6: Quantitative Calculation

[0199] The central controller 4, based on the corrected signal strength, calls the pre-set biochar content-signal strength standard curve inside the central controller 4 to calculate the quantitative content of tobacco waste biochar in the soil.

[0200] The algorithm models and standard curve construction methods involved in the above quantitative calculations are all existing well-known technologies in this field and belong to the basic functional modules that are usually equipped in general analytical instruments in this field. Their specific implementation methods are not the innovation of this device, so they will not be elaborated further.

[0201] Step S7: Output Results

[0202] The central controller 4 stores the calculated quantitative results in its built-in memory and outputs them externally via a wireless communication module or a wired interface. Specific output methods include:

[0203] The device's built-in display screen shows the single-point biochar content value of each detection point, as well as the average value, standard deviation, and other statistical results of all detection points in real time.

[0204] The detection results are transmitted to a mobile terminal or cloud data platform via a wireless communication module (such as Bluetooth, WiFi, 4G / 5G, etc.).

[0205] Data can be exported and printed by connecting to external devices via a wired interface (such as USB, RS485, etc.).

[0206] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0207] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil, characterized in that, include: The central positioning seat (1) is used to provide fixed support and rotation drive for the equipment, and includes a bottom fixed seat (11) and a nested movable seat (12) movably mounted on the bottom fixed seat (11). Multiple divergent docking seats (2) are circumferentially distributed and movably installed on the side wall of the nested movable seat (12) to receive the detection unit and can be circumferentially rotated under the drive of the nested movable seat (12); An external quantitative seat (3) is detachably mounted on each of the aforementioned divergent docking seats (2) via an electromagnetic on / off mechanism (6) for mounting probe quantitative heads (5) with different detection functions. An indentation-type quantitative head (5) is installed at the lower end of the external quantitative seat (3) via a telescopic mechanism (8) and is used to insert into the soil at a preset depth for detection under the drive of the telescopic mechanism (8); The central controller (4) is mounted on the bottom fixed base (11) and is communicatively connected to the nested movable base (12), each of the divergent docking bases (2) and each of the external quantitative bases (3); This device has an automatic detection mode and a handheld detection mode: In automatic detection mode, the central controller (4) controls the nested movable seat (12) to rotate, driving each of the divergent docking seats (2) and the external quantitative seat (3) and the probe quantitative head (5) mounted thereon to arrive at the predetermined detection position in sequence, and through the telescopic mechanism (8) driving each of the probe quantitative heads (5) to be independently inserted into the soil for detection; In handheld detection mode, the external quantitative seat (3) together with the probe quantitative head (5) at its bottom can be separated from the corresponding divergent docking seat (2) and moved by the operator to the predetermined detection point for independent detection. The detection data is transmitted back to the central controller (4) through the electromagnetic switching mechanism (6) for comprehensive analysis and processing.

2. The device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom fixing base (11) includes: The positioning sleeve seat (111) has an open top and a closed bottom. The central controller (4) is fixedly installed at the center of the lower end of the positioning sleeve seat (111). Fixed support legs (112) are evenly distributed circumferentially at the lower end of the positioning sleeve seat (111); The puncture rod (113) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the fixed support leg (112).

3. The device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nested active seat (12) includes: The concave nested cylinder (121) is composed of an outer cylinder (1211), an inner cylinder (1212), and an annular plate (1213) connecting the outer cylinder (1211) and the inner cylinder (1212). The outer cylinder (1211) is movably sleeved on the outside of the positioning sleeve seat (111). The top and bottom of the outer cylinder (1211) are hollow. The inner cylinder (1212) is movably sleeved on the inside of the positioning sleeve seat (111). The annular plate (1213) overlaps the top of the positioning sleeve seat (111). The top of the inner cylinder (1212) is hollow and the bottom is closed. A slip ring (1214) is fixedly installed on the outside of the outer cylinder (1211). The slip ring (1214) is slidably installed in the groove (1111) on the side wall of the positioning sleeve seat (111). The first servo motor (122) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the positioning sleeve seat (111), and its output end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder (1212).

4. The device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nested movable seat (12) is also provided with a lifting mechanism (7) for driving the divergent docking seat (2) to rise and fall. The lifting mechanism (7) includes: Guide rods (71) are symmetrically arranged in the lifting grooves (12111) on the outer wall of the outer cylinder (1211), and the guide rods (71) are movably installed in the corresponding divergent docking seats (2). The second servo motor (72) is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting groove (12111); The first threaded drive rod (73) is fixedly installed at the output end of the second servo motor (72) and threadedly connected to the corresponding divergent docking seat (2).

5. The device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The divergent docking seat (2) and the external quantitative seat (3) are detachably connected by an electromagnetic switching mechanism (6), which includes: An electromagnet (61) is fixedly installed at the center of the side wall of the divergent docking seat (2); An adsorption magnet (62) is embedded in the side wall of the external metering seat (3) and is correspondingly set with the electromagnet (61); External protrusions (63) are fixedly installed at the four corners of the external metering seat (3); The compression sensor (64) is embedded in the inner groove (65) of the side wall of the divergent docking seat (2), and the inner groove (65) and the outer protrusion (63) are set in a one-to-one correspondence.

6. The device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electromagnetic switching mechanism (6) further includes: The first spring contact (66) is evenly distributed around the electromagnet (61); The first contact seat (67) is evenly distributed around the periphery of the adsorption magnet (62) and is set one-to-one with the first spring contact (66); The identification chip (68) is disposed on the side wall of the external quantitative seat (3) and located above the adsorption magnet (62). The identification chip (68) stores the type identifier and calibration parameters of the current probe quantitative head (5). The identifier (69) is disposed on the side wall of the divergent docking seat (2) and above the electromagnet (61), and is disposed corresponding to the identifier chip (68). The identifier (69) is electrically connected to the central controller (4) and is used to read the information of the identifier chip (68) and send it to the central controller (4). The central controller (4) calls the corresponding detection algorithm and correction model according to the information.

7. The device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic mechanism (8) includes: The main telescopic rod (81) is hollow and is fixedly installed at the lower end of the external metering seat (3); The auxiliary telescopic rod (82) has a square cross-section and is movably installed inside the main telescopic rod (81), with its end fixedly installed on the top of the probe-type quantitative head (5); The third servo motor (83) is fixedly installed inside the top of the main telescopic rod (81), and the telescopic end is fixedly installed with a second threaded drive rod (84), which is threadedly connected to the top of the auxiliary telescopic rod (82).

8. The device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner cylinder (1212) is also provided with a limiting mechanism (9), the limiting mechanism (9) including: The clamps (91) are evenly distributed around the inner wall of the inner cylinder (1212). The main telescopic rod (81) is gradually tapered from top to bottom. The diameter of the upper end of the main telescopic rod (81) is larger than the inner diameter of the clamps (91), and the diameter of the lower end of the main telescopic rod (81) is larger than the inner diameter of the clamps (91). The top abutment (92) is located above the clamp (91) and is evenly distributed around the inner wall of the inner cylinder (1212). It consists of symmetrically arranged L-shaped abutment rods (921) and a second contact seat (922) located at the end of the L-shaped abutment rods (921). The second spring contact (93) is embedded in the abutment groove (94) at the bottom of the external metering seat (3) and is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the second contact seat (922).

9. The device for quantitatively measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the central positioning seat (1) is also provided with a sealing element (10), the sealing element (10) comprising: The sealing head (101) is threadedly connected to the threaded ring (102) at the upper end of the central positioning seat (1); The first electrical connection ring (103) is embedded in the top of the sealing head (101); The second electrical connection ring (104) is embedded in the upper end of the threaded ring (102) and is correspondingly arranged with the first electrical connection ring (103); The solar panel (105) is embedded in the top of the sealing head (101) and electrically connected to the first electrical connection ring (103).

10. A quantitative method for measuring the biochar content of tobacco waste in soil according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Equipment Deployment Steps The central positioning seat (1) is fixed to the predetermined position of the soil to be tested by the fixed support leg (112) and the piercing rod (113), so that the nested movable seat (12) is kept vertical, and each of the external quantitative seats (3) is installed on each of the divergent docking seats (2); S2, Mode Selection The central controller (4) selects between automatic detection mode and handheld detection mode; S3, Automatic Detection If the automatic detection mode is selected, the following sub-steps are performed: S31: The central controller (4) controls the nested movable seat (12) to rotate, driving each of the divergent docking seats (2) and the external quantitative seat (3) and probe quantitative head (5) mounted thereon to rotate, so that each of the probe quantitative heads (5) arrives at the predetermined detection station in sequence; S32: The central controller (4) controls the telescopic mechanism (8) to drive the probe quantitative head (5) to insert into the soil at a preset depth to obtain the original detection signal in the soil corresponding to the content of tobacco waste biochar; S33: Each of the probe-type quantitative heads (5) transmits the original detection signal back to the central controller (4) via the external quantitative seat (3) and the divergent docking seat (2); S4, Handheld Detection If the handheld detection mode is selected, the following sub-steps are performed: S41: Disconnect the external metering seat (3) from the divergent docking seat (2) by means of the electromagnetic switching mechanism (6), and remove the external metering seat (3) together with the probe metering head (5) at its bottom from the equipment; S42: The operator holds the external quantitative seat (3), moves the probe quantitative head (5) to the preset independent detection point, and presses the probe quantitative head (5) into the soil for detection to obtain an independent original detection signal; S43: After the test is completed, the external quantitative seat (3) is reinstalled on the divergent docking seat (2) through the electromagnetic switching mechanism (6), and the independent original test signal is transmitted back to the central controller (4) through the electromagnetic switching mechanism (6). Step S5: Signal Identification and Correction The central controller (4) reads the type identifier and calibration parameters stored in the identification chip (68) on the current external quantitative seat (3) through the identifier (69), and calls the corresponding detection algorithm according to the type identifier. At the same time, it calls the corresponding correction model according to the calibration parameters to perform correction processing on the returned original detection signal or independent original detection signal to eliminate soil matrix interference. S6. Quantitative Calculation The central controller (4) calculates the quantitative content of tobacco waste biochar in the soil based on the corrected signal strength and the preset biochar content-signal strength standard curve. S7. Output Results The central controller (4) stores the calculated quantitative content results in the built-in memory and outputs them to the outside world through the wireless communication module or wired interface.

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