A circuit breaker first operation sticking early warning and review method, system, medium and product

Abstract

A method, system, medium, and product for early warning and verification of circuit breaker first-action jamming are disclosed, relating to the field of power equipment fault early warning. The method includes: acquiring the static duration and first-action coil current waveform of the target circuit breaker before the current action occurs; generating a dynamic tolerance constraint band based on the static duration, and calculating the first-action jamming deviation based on the first-action coil current waveform; when the first-action jamming deviation exceeds the dynamic tolerance constraint band, controlling the target circuit breaker to enter a non-blocking verification state, and monitoring whether the target circuit breaker has a secondary opening and closing action; if not, determining that the target circuit breaker has experienced first-action jamming and outputting a first-level early warning result; if so, acquiring the verification coil current waveform, and confirming and outputting a graded early warning result for the target circuit breaker based on the characteristic differences between the first-action coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform. This application can improve the accuracy of circuit breaker first-action jamming identification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power equipment fault early warning, and in particular to a method, system, medium and product for early warning and verification of circuit breaker first-action jamming. Background Technology

[0002] High-voltage circuit breakers play a crucial role in power systems, performing fault isolation and load switching. A significant portion of these devices remain in standby or static control states for extended periods. The lubricating grease inside their operating mechanisms is prone to drying and hardening during prolonged periods of inactivity. This results in abnormally increased frictional resistance during the first operation (initial operation) after a long period of inactivity, potentially leading to a failure to operate. More subtly, if a second operation is performed shortly after the initial operation, the dried grease softens temporarily due to heat generated by mechanical friction, causing the mechanical characteristic waveform of the second operation to return to normal. This "self-recovery" phenomenon makes traditional monitoring methods, which rely on data from multiple operations, ineffective in detecting the true potential for jamming during the initial operation. To address these issues, existing technologies propose a method for assessing the mechanical condition of circuit breakers based on a fixed threshold set for the current waveform of the opening and closing coils. An early warning is triggered when the real-time waveform characteristics exceed the threshold. However, circuit breakers that remain stationary for long periods operate very infrequently, resulting in insufficient historical samples for reference. The suitability of fixed thresholds at the time of first operation is difficult to verify effectively. If the threshold is too low, routine disturbances can easily trigger frequent false alarms. If the threshold is too high, weak anomalies in the early stages of first operation are difficult to capture effectively. This makes it difficult for existing methods to balance false alarm rate and sensitivity in the assessment of first-operation jamming, and the accuracy of first-operation jamming assessment still needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a method, system, medium, and product for early warning and verification of circuit breaker first-operation jamming, which is used to solve the technical problem of how to improve the accuracy of circuit breaker first-operation jamming identification.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for early warning and verification of circuit breaker first-operation jamming, including: Obtain the static duration of the target circuit breaker before the current action occurs, and collect the waveform of the first-action coil current of the target circuit breaker when the current action occurs; The dynamic tolerance constraint band is generated based on the static duration, and the first-action jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker is calculated based on the first-action coil current waveform. When the deviation of the first-action jamming exceeds the dynamic tolerance constraint zone, an initial warning signal is generated. The initial warning signal is used to characterize the suspected first-action jamming of the target circuit breaker. In response to the initial warning signal, the target circuit breaker is controlled to enter the non-blocking verification state, and the target circuit breaker is monitored within the preset verification time window for whether there is a secondary opening and closing action caused by operation and maintenance scheduling. The non-blocking verification state is used to characterize that the target circuit breaker remains available and does not output alarms. If not, the target circuit breaker is determined to have first-action jamming and a first-level warning result is output. The first-level warning result is used to indicate that the lubricating grease of the operating mechanism of the target circuit breaker has dried and hardened. If it exists, the verification coil current waveform of the target circuit breaker is obtained, and based on the characteristic differences between the first-action coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform, the graded early warning result of the target circuit breaker is confirmed and output.

[0005] Optionally, a dynamic tolerance constraint band is generated based on the static duration, including: acquiring historical waveform data of multiple normal operations of the target circuit breaker within a preset time window, and constructing a healthy baseline matrix based on all historical waveform data, the healthy baseline matrix containing a mean vector; determining the resistance offset coefficient corresponding to the static duration based on a preset time resistance mapping table; superimposing the resistance offset coefficient onto the target mean vector to obtain the upper and lower bounds of the allowable waveform offset, the core motion characteristic segment is used to characterize the time period from unlocking to touching the end plate of the operating mechanism core, the target mean vector is the sub-vector of the mean vector located in the core motion characteristic segment; and using the upper and lower bounds as upper and lower envelope boundaries to generate a dynamic tolerance constraint band.

[0006] Optionally, the first-action jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker is calculated based on the first-action coil current waveform, including: when the static duration does not exceed a preset duration threshold, a preset sensitivity factor is used as the first-action sensitivity factor of the target circuit breaker; when the static duration exceeds the preset duration threshold, the preset sensitivity factor is dynamically amplified based on the static duration and the preset duration threshold to obtain the first-action sensitivity factor of the target circuit breaker; the first-action feature vector of the first-action coil current waveform in the core motion characteristic section is extracted, and based on the first-action sensitivity factor, the first weighted Mahalanobis distance between the first-action feature vector and the target mean vector is calculated to obtain the first-action jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker.

[0007] Optionally, the verification coil current waveform of the target circuit breaker is acquired. Based on the characteristic differences between the initial operating coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform, the graded early warning result of the target circuit breaker is confirmed and output, including: when a secondary opening and closing action occurs within a preset review time window, the verification coil current waveform corresponding to the secondary opening and closing action is acquired; the verification feature vector of the verification coil current waveform in the core movement characteristic section is extracted, and based on a preset sensitivity factor, the second weighted Mahalanobis distance between the verification feature vector and the target mean vector is calculated to obtain the verification jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker; the difference between the initial operating jamming deviation and the verification jamming deviation is calculated, and the difference is converted into a single value. The ratio of the value to the deviation of the first-action jamming is used as the self-recovery fall-off ratio. When the self-recovery fall-off ratio is greater than or equal to the preset self-recovery judgment threshold, it is determined that the characteristic difference between the first-action coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform shows self-recovery characteristics caused by frictional heat generation, and a second-level warning result is output. The second-level warning result is used to characterize that the target circuit breaker has mild first-action jamming and has recovered on its own through secondary action. When the self-recovery fall-off ratio is less than the preset self-recovery judgment threshold, it is determined that the characteristic difference does not show self-recovery characteristics, and a third-level warning result is output. The third-level warning result is used to characterize that the operating mechanism of the target circuit breaker has irreversible mechanical damage.

[0008] Optionally, before calculating the difference between the initial action jamming deviation and the verification jamming deviation, the method further includes: acquiring the initial action bus voltage drop trajectory of the DC control bus of the target circuit breaker during the current action, and the verification bus voltage drop trajectory during the secondary opening and closing actions; calculating the initial action voltage dip depth and initial action dip slope of the initial action bus voltage drop trajectory within the core motion characteristic section, and the verification voltage dip depth and verification dip slope of the verification bus voltage drop trajectory within the core motion characteristic section; generating an initial action electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient based on the initial action voltage dip depth and initial action dip slope, and generating a verification electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient based on the verification voltage dip depth and verification dip slope; correcting the initial action jamming deviation based on the initial action electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient, and correcting the verification jamming deviation based on the verification electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient.

[0009] Optionally, when the self-recovery decline ratio is greater than or equal to the preset self-recovery judgment threshold, and the characteristic difference between the first-action coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform is determined to show self-recovery characteristics due to frictional heating, and a second-level warning result is output, the method further includes: in response to the second-level warning result, obtaining the verification coil current waveform corresponding to the third opening and closing action of the target circuit breaker after the second opening and closing action; extracting the verification feature vector of the verification coil current waveform in the core motion feature section, and calculating the third weighted Mahalanobis distance between the verification feature vector and the target mean vector based on the preset sensitivity factor to obtain the verification jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker; calculating the fluctuation amplitude of the verification jamming deviation and the verification jamming deviation; when the fluctuation amplitude is less than the preset stability threshold, determining that the target circuit breaker has entered a stable state after the second opening and closing action; using the verification coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform as new health sample data, incrementally updating the health baseline matrix to obtain the updated health baseline matrix.

[0010] Optionally, after calculating the difference between the initial action jamming deviation and the verified jamming deviation, and using the ratio of the difference to the initial action jamming deviation as the self-recovery fall-off ratio, the method further includes: obtaining the action time interval between the occurrence time of the secondary opening and closing action and the occurrence time of the current action, and collecting the real-time ambient temperature of the target circuit breaker's operating environment; constructing a heat dissipation coefficient based on the real-time ambient temperature, and inputting the heat dissipation coefficient and the action time interval into a preset thermodynamic attenuation model, outputting the heat loss rate of the heat accumulated by the initial action frictional heat generation; determining the secondary hardening derivative compensation amount of the target circuit breaker's internal lubricating grease within the action time interval based on the heat loss rate and a preset benchmark hardening factor; and performing reverse compensation attenuation on a preset self-recovery benchmark threshold based on the secondary hardening derivative compensation amount to generate a preset self-recovery judgment threshold.

[0011] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification system, which includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code includes computer instructions, and one or more processors call the computer instructions to cause the circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification system to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0012] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product containing instructions that, when the computer program product is run on a circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification system, cause the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification system to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0013] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed on a circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification system, cause the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification system to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0014] In summary, one or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. By controlling the circuit breaker to enter a non-blocking verification state after the first suspected jamming occurs, the equipment is not blocked and no alarm is output. It waits for the secondary action that occurs naturally due to operation and maintenance scheduling within a preset time window. The warning is only output after confirming that there is no secondary action or confirming the fault based on the characteristic difference between the first action and the verification waveform. This avoids the alarm fatigue problem caused by the traditional method of "alarming when there is an abnormality". At the same time, it eliminates false alarms caused by non-continuous factors such as transient disturbances in the power grid. It significantly improves the accuracy of first jamming identification without increasing hardware investment. 2. A health baseline matrix is ​​constructed using historical normal motion data. A dynamic tolerance constraint band that automatically adjusts with the duration of static rest is generated based on the resistance offset coefficient corresponding to the static duration. The first motion feature vector within the core motion feature segment is locked, and the weighted Mahalanobis distance is calculated using the sensitivity factor as the first motion jamming deviation. This solves the problem of insufficient threshold adaptability of the fixed threshold method in long-period static scenarios, and enables the effective capture of weak anomalies caused by grease hardening after long-term static rest, significantly improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the first motion jamming deviation calculation. 3. By using the ratio of the difference between the initial movement and the deviation of the verification jamming to the initial movement deviation as the self-recovery fallback ratio, this method innovatively transforms the "self-recovery" interference phenomenon, which is traditionally considered to cause missed detections, into a diagnostic probe. This accurately distinguishes between temporary frictional increases caused by grease aging and irreversible permanent mechanical damage such as spring fatigue and connecting rod breakage. At the same time, by using bus voltage compensation to remove electrical disturbances and incrementally updating the baseline after verifying stability through the third movement, a closed loop of graded early warning and continuous model evolution is achieved, improving the accuracy and environmental adaptability of early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is another flowchart illustrating the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the optimization of the health baseline matrix provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circuit breaker first-action jamming early warning and verification system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 401, Central Processing Unit; 402, Read-Only Memory; 403, Random Access Memory; 404, Bus; 405, Input / Output Interface; 406, Input Section; 407, Output Section; 408, Storage Section; 409, Communication Section; 410, Driver; 411, Removable Media. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0018] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the words "for example" or "for instance" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design that is described as "for example" or "for instance" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design options. Rather, the use of the words "for example" or "for instance" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0019] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" means two or more. For example, multiple systems means two or more systems, and multiple screen terminals means two or more screen terminals. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0020] This application provides a method, system, medium, and product for early warning and verification of circuit breaker first-operation jamming, which addresses the technical problem of how to improve the accuracy of first-operation jamming identification.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification method provided in this application embodiment.

[0022] This application discloses a method for early warning and verification of circuit breaker first-action jamming, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the steps include the following.

[0023] S101. Obtain the static duration of the target circuit breaker before the current action occurs, and collect the first-action coil current waveform of the target circuit breaker when the current action occurs.

[0024] Specifically, the background status monitoring process reads the time from the completion of the last opening and closing operation of the circuit breaker to the current moment from the high-voltage circuit breaker's monitoring and control terminal or integrated automation system. This time is used as the static duration, which is accumulated in seconds. The start time is the timestamp recorded by the system when the opening or closing operation was completed in the previous operation record, and the end time is the current timestamp of the system when the current operation command is issued. Synchronously responding to the operation command of this operation, a high-frequency data acquisition card is triggered to start acquiring the current signal at both ends of the opening and closing coils at a preset sampling frequency (the sampling frequency can be set to 10kHz to 100kHz, preferably 50kHz). The start time of the acquisition window is synchronized with the time the operation command is issued, and the end time is the preset acquisition duration (preferably 200ms). The acquired discrete current sampling sequence is used as the first-action coil current waveform. This first-action coil current waveform includes the current rising edge trigger time after the coil is energized, the start time of the core movement, the dynamic change stage of the current during the core movement, and the entire process information of the current decreasing to the steady-state value, providing a data basis for subsequent calculation of the first-action card deviation.

[0025] Among them, static duration refers to the continuous static time during which the operating mechanism of the target circuit breaker does not undergo any opening or closing mechanical action before performing the current action. It is used to characterize the degree of accumulation of lubricating grease inside the circuit breaker due to long-term static drying and hardening. The target circuit breaker refers to the high-voltage circuit breaker under test in the power system that is in a long-period static state. Its operating mechanism type includes spring operating mechanism, hydraulic operating mechanism, or electromagnetic operating mechanism. The current action refers to the first opening or closing operation performed by the target circuit breaker after the end of the long-period static state. This action is a real mechanical action triggered by grid dispatching instructions or protection actions. The first-action coil current waveform refers to the continuous sampling sequence of the current flowing through the opening and closing coils changing with time when the current action occurs. This waveform can reflect the complete dynamic process of the operating mechanism core moving from rest to touching the end plate.

[0026] S102. Generate a dynamic tolerance constraint band based on the static duration, and calculate the first-action jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker based on the first-action coil current waveform.

[0027] Specifically, a dynamic tolerance constraint band is generated based on the static duration. The longer the static duration, the more severe the drying and hardening of the grease inside the operating mechanism due to prolonged stillness, and the more obvious the expected increase in mechanical resistance. Therefore, the boundary of the normal fluctuation range should be dynamically adjusted with the static duration—when the static duration is short, the constraint band narrows, and the monitoring sensitivity is high; when the static duration is long, the constraint band is moderately widened to accommodate the slow characteristic drift caused by normal aging of the grease, but the degree of widening still needs to be limited to a reasonable range, and abnormalities exceeding this range should still be effectively identified. A dynamic tolerance constraint band can be generated by selecting a corresponding set of parameters from multiple preset constraint band parameters according to different intervals of the static duration. The boundary of the constraint band corresponding to each interval monotonically increases with the extension of the static duration. Simultaneously, by analyzing the time-domain characteristics of the initial motion coil current waveform, the degree to which the current initial motion deviates from the healthy state is calculated, that is, the real-time motion characteristics are compared with the dynamic tolerance constraint band to assess whether there is a jamming abnormality in the initial motion. It should be noted that this method is applicable to scenarios where there is insufficient historical action data of the target circuit breaker (such as newly commissioned equipment or long-term inactivity resulting in very few actions), or where the backend server has limited computing resources and cannot support matrix operations.

[0028] Based on the above embodiments, when the target circuit breaker has sufficient historical normal operation data (such as more than 8 normal opening and closing operation records within the past 6 months), and the backend server has strong computing power to support matrix operations and Mahalanobis distance calculations, as an optional embodiment, for... Figure 1 Step S102 shown can be implemented through the following steps, which are explained in detail below.

[0029] Historical waveform data of multiple normal operations of the target circuit breaker within a preset time window are acquired, and a healthy baseline matrix is ​​constructed based on all historical waveform data. The healthy baseline matrix contains a mean vector. Based on a preset time resistance mapping table, the resistance offset coefficient corresponding to the static duration is determined. The resistance offset coefficient is superimposed on the target mean vector to obtain the upper and lower bounds of the waveform allowable offset. The core motion characteristic segment is used to characterize the time period from unlocking to touching the end plate of the operating mechanism core. The target mean vector is the sub-vector of the mean vector that is in the core motion characteristic segment. The upper and lower bounds are used as the upper and lower envelope boundaries to generate a dynamic tolerance constraint band.

[0030] Specifically, historical waveform data of multiple normal operations of the target circuit breaker within a preset time window are retrieved from local storage or a remote database. The preset time window is a pre-defined time range for selecting historical data, the length of which can be set according to the actual commissioning time of the equipment and the frequency of historical operations, for example, the past 6 months with no less than 8 operations. Historical normal operations refer to opening and closing operations performed by the equipment in a healthy state as determined by the system or confirmed manually. For the historical waveform data of each historical normal operation, multi-dimensional feature parameters within the core movement characteristic segment are extracted, including but not limited to core start-up time, current rise slope, current peak value, and current integral area, forming a feature vector corresponding to that operation. The arithmetic mean of the feature vectors of all historical operations is calculated dimension by dimension to obtain the mean vector. At the same time, the covariance matrix between each feature dimension is calculated. The diagonal elements of the covariance matrix represent the variance of each feature itself, and the off-diagonal elements represent the correlation between different features. For example, the positive correlation between core start-up time and current integral area is quantified by the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix. The mean vector and the covariance matrix together constitute the health baseline matrix. The static duration is used as an index to query a preset time resistance mapping table. This mapping table records the correspondence between static duration and the increase in mechanical resistance caused by grease drying. Its specific form can be a discrete numerical table, a piecewise function, or a continuous fitting function. The obtained resistance offset coefficient is applied to the target mean vector in a vector superposition manner—specifically, the coefficient is multiplied or added to each dimension of the target mean vector to obtain the upper bound of the permissible offset. The offset is subtracted from the target mean vector to obtain the lower bound, or the upper and lower bounds are obtained by bidirectional expansion centered on the target mean vector. The upper and lower bounds are used as the upper and lower envelope boundaries in the feature space, jointly defining the numerical range of the allowable distribution of the feature vector under the current state. This range is the dynamic tolerance constraint band.

[0031] Among them, the health baseline matrix refers to a data structure constructed through statistical calculation based on the historical waveform data of the target circuit breaker under normal conditions. It is used to characterize the normal data distribution when the target circuit breaker is in a healthy state, and includes a mean vector and a covariance matrix. The preset time resistance mapping table refers to a data structure established in advance through experimental calibration or simulation modeling, which records the correspondence between the static duration and the increase in mechanical resistance caused by the drying of grease inside the circuit breaker operating mechanism. The resistance offset coefficient is a dimensionless value obtained from the mapping table based on the static duration, used to quantify the degree of increase in mechanical resistance caused by the drying of grease. Its value increases monotonically with the extension of the static duration. The core motion characteristic section refers to the time interval corresponding to the continuous physical motion process of the circuit breaker operating mechanism core from receiving electromagnetic driving force to starting the unlocking motion until touching the end limit baffle. The dynamic tolerance constraint band refers to the allowable distribution interval of the characteristic vector defined by the upper and lower bounds of the waveform allowable offset as the upper and lower envelope boundaries, which is used as a comparison benchmark for subsequent judgment of whether the first-action jamming deviation exceeds the standard.

[0032] When the static duration does not exceed the preset duration threshold, the preset sensitivity factor is used as the first-action sensitivity factor of the target circuit breaker; when the static duration exceeds the preset duration threshold, the preset sensitivity factor is dynamically amplified based on the static duration and the preset duration threshold to obtain the first-action sensitivity factor of the target circuit breaker; the first-action feature vector of the first-action coil current waveform in the core motion characteristic section is extracted, and based on the first-action sensitivity factor, the first weighted Mahalanobis distance between the first-action feature vector and the target mean vector is calculated to obtain the first-action jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker.

[0033] Specifically, a preset duration threshold is read. This threshold is pre-set based on the circuit breaker's grease type and operating ambient temperature, for example, 90 days (i.e., 3 months). When the static duration does not exceed the preset duration threshold, the baseline value of the preset sensitivity factor is used as the first-action sensitivity factor. The baseline value of the preset sensitivity factor is set to 1.0, indicating that no additional amplification is applied to the deviation. When the static duration exceeds the preset duration threshold, it indicates that the equipment has entered a high-risk first-action window of long-term stagnation. The preset sensitivity factor is dynamically amplified based on the ratio of the static duration to the preset duration threshold, for example, using the linear amplification formula γ=γ0×(T / T thr ), where γ0 is the base value of the preset sensitivity factor of 1.0, and T is the static duration, T thr A first-motion sensitivity factor greater than 1.0 is obtained by setting a preset duration threshold; in an optional implementation, a segmented amplification method can also be used, for example, when T is between T... thr With 2T thr When γ = 1.5, when T is greater than 2T thrAt time γ=2.0. Simultaneously, starting from the acquisition time of the first-motion coil current waveform, and using a preset time length (e.g., the first 10-15 ms) of the core motion characteristic segment as the window length, the current sampling sequence within this time window is extracted. Multidimensional numerical features of this sequence (including but not limited to current rise slope, current peak value, and core start-up time) are extracted to form the first-motion feature vector. Based on the first-motion sensitivity factor, the first weighted Mahalanobis distance between the first-motion feature vector and the target mean vector is calculated using the following formula: , Where D1 is the first weighted Mahalanobis distance. For the first-movement feature vector, Let Σ be the target mean vector. -1 To construct the covariance matrix of the health baseline matrix, the first weighted Mahalanobis distance is then used as the first-motion Caesar deviation to quantify the degree to which the current first-motion action deviates from the healthy state.

[0034] Through the above embodiments, on the one hand, by introducing a first-action sensitivity factor, the system can dynamically adjust the monitoring sensitivity according to the static duration of the circuit breaker. When the equipment has not operated for a long time and is in a high-risk first-action window, the sensitivity factor is greater than 1.0, amplifying the monitoring of weak jamming waveforms in the early stage of first-action, effectively preventing weak anomalies from being ignored as noise; when the equipment has just operated and is in the normal monitoring period, the sensitivity factor remains at 1.0, without amplifying routine data, avoiding oversensitivity leading to false alarms. This mechanism is only activated during the first-action operation after a long period of inactivity, possessing scenario-specificity and time limitations. On the other hand, the first weighted Mahalanobis distance simultaneously considers the absolute deviation between the first-action feature vector and the healthy baseline as well as the correlation between each feature dimension, avoiding misjudgments caused by a single fixed threshold judgment and improving the accuracy of the first-action jamming deviation calculation.

[0035] S103. When the deviation of the first-action jamming exceeds the dynamic tolerance constraint zone, an initial warning signal is generated. The initial warning signal is used to characterize the suspected first-action jamming of the target circuit breaker.

[0036] Specifically, the value of the initial action jamming deviation is compared with the numerical range defined by the upper and lower bounds of the dynamic tolerance constraint band. It is determined whether the deviation falls between the upper and lower bounds. If the initial action jamming deviation is less than or equal to the lower bound, or greater than or equal to the upper bound, then the deviation is determined to exceed the dynamic tolerance constraint band. When this is determined, an initial warning signal is generated in the background. This initial warning signal includes the target circuit breaker's device number, the current static duration, the initial action jamming deviation value, and the deviation amount exceeding the constraint band. This initial warning signal is configured as a non-blocking signal; its generation does not immediately trigger a front-end alarm or device blocking. Instead, it serves as a start command to trigger the subsequent review process, only used internally to indicate that the current action has a suspected initial action jamming, requiring further confirmation through review. Through the above comparison and judgment logic, the continuous numerical value of the initial action jamming deviation is converted into a binary warning trigger signal, realizing the transformation from quantitative calculation to qualitative judgment, and providing a clear trigger condition for the initiation of the subsequent non-blocking review process.

[0037] S104. In response to the initial warning signal, control the target circuit breaker to enter the non-blocking verification state, and monitor whether the target circuit breaker has secondary opening and closing actions due to operation and maintenance scheduling within the preset verification time window. The non-blocking verification state is used to characterize that the target circuit breaker remains available and does not output alarms.

[0038] Specifically, in response to the initial warning signal, the target circuit breaker is controlled to enter a non-blocking verification state. In this state, a non-blocking suspension flag is created for the target circuit breaker. This flag is stored in the pending verification event queue in the system memory to mark that the circuit breaker currently has a suspected first-action jamming event that needs to be confirmed. At the same time, based on the non-blocking suspension flag, the transmission of the initial warning signal to the front-end monitoring interface or alarm system is suppressed to ensure that no alarm window pops up or an audible and visual alarm is issued before the verification is completed. In addition, the conduction state of the target circuit breaker's opening and closing control circuit is maintained, and the operating authority of the circuit breaker is not unlocked or locked, so that the target circuit breaker can still respond normally to the opening and closing commands issued by the dispatcher. While entering the non-blocking verification state, the countdown of the preset verification time window begins, starting from the acquisition time of the first-operating coil current waveform. The duration of this preset verification time window is pre-set based on the typical time scale of the temporary softening and hardening of the lubricating grease in the circuit breaker operating mechanism after frictional heat generation. The preferred duration is 200 to 400 seconds, and more preferably 300 seconds (i.e., 5 minutes). During the countdown, the operation command receiving channel of the target circuit breaker is continuously monitored to detect whether there are any opening or closing commands issued by the operation and maintenance dispatch or automation system, in order to determine whether a secondary opening or closing action has occurred due to normal operation and maintenance dispatch.

[0039] Among them, the non-blocking verification state refers to a special monitoring state that the target circuit breaker enters after the first action suspected jamming warning. In this state, neither alarms are output nor the circuit breaker is blocked. Only background listening and waiting are performed. The secondary opening and closing action refers to the second opening or closing operation performed by the target circuit breaker within the preset verification time window due to operation and maintenance scheduling after the first action.

[0040] S105. If not, the target circuit breaker is determined to have first-action jamming and a first-level warning result is output. The first-level warning result is used to indicate that the lubricating grease of the operating mechanism of the target circuit breaker has dried and hardened.

[0041] Specifically, "no secondary opening or closing action" means that no new opening or closing operation command is detected when the countdown of the preset verification time window reaches zero. In other words, the target circuit breaker does not undergo any second mechanical action due to maintenance scheduling within the entire verification time window. The initial warning signal is then switched from "non-blocking suspension flag" to "confirmation flag," indicating that the target circuit breaker has experienced first-operation jamming. In response to this determination, a first-level warning result is output. This first-level warning result includes the target circuit breaker's device number, operation time, static duration, and first-operation jamming deviation value. It is used to inform maintenance personnel that the circuit breaker's lubricating grease has dried and hardened due to prolonged inactivity, requiring prompt maintenance. Simultaneously, the non-blocking suspension flag is released, the non-blocking verification state is exited, and the warning event is written to the operation log. It should be noted that the first-level warning result is based on the combination of two conditions: "the deviation of the first movement from the sticking point exceeds the dynamic tolerance constraint zone" and "there is no secondary action verification within the preset verification time window". It is inferred that the grease has dried up and hardened, which has affected the smoothness of the first movement. However, since there is no secondary action verification, it is impossible to confirm whether the grease has recovered through frictional heat generation. Therefore, it is confirmed as the grease drying up and hardening fault according to the worst case.

[0042] Through the above embodiments, the objective quantitative basis of the first-time sticking deviation exceeding the standard and the physical background of the long-term static duration are comprehensively considered. Under the premise of ensuring that no abnormality is missed, maintenance personnel are notified in a maintenance prompt warning manner. This not only avoids the impact of emergency shutdown on power grid operation, but also provides clear operation guidance for maintenance personnel, realizing a closed loop from abnormality detection to executable maintenance instructions.

[0043] S106. If it exists, obtain the verification coil current waveform of the target circuit breaker, and based on the characteristic differences between the first-action coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform, confirm and output the graded early warning result of the target circuit breaker.

[0044] Specifically, after determining that a secondary opening and closing action exists, a high-frequency data acquisition card is triggered to acquire the coil current signal corresponding to this action, obtaining the verification coil current waveform. Using the initial operation coil current waveform as a reference, the verification coil current waveform is compared and analyzed to obtain a characteristic difference metric value characterizing the degree of mechanical characteristic difference between the two actions. This characteristic difference metric value can be obtained in various ways, including but not limited to: calculating the point-by-point difference integral of the two waveforms in the time domain to obtain the waveform difference area; extracting multi-dimensional feature vectors of the two waveforms within the core movement characteristic segment and calculating the distance or angle between the vectors; calculating the deviation of the two waveforms relative to the same health benchmark and taking the difference; and determining whether the initial operation anomaly exhibits self-recovery characteristics due to frictional heat generation after the secondary operation based on the magnitude and direction of the characteristic difference metric value. When the characteristic difference metric value shows a self-recovery trend, it indicates that the initial operation jamming is due to transient frictional increase caused by grease aging, and a second-level warning result is output; when the characteristic difference metric value does not show a self-recovery trend, it indicates that the initial operation anomaly is not caused by grease drying but stems from irreversible structural damage, and a third-level warning result is output and an interlocking command is triggered.

[0045] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, see [link to embodiment]. Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is another flowchart illustrating the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification method provided in this application embodiment, specifically for... Figure 1 The step S106 shown can be achieved through... Figure 2 The steps S201-S205 are implemented, and will be explained in detail below.

[0046] S201. When a secondary opening and closing action occurs within the preset verification time window, the current waveform of the verification coil corresponding to the secondary opening and closing action is collected.

[0047] Specifically, the operation command receiving channel of the target circuit breaker is continuously monitored during the countdown of the preset verification time window. When a new opening or closing operation command is detected, it is determined that a secondary opening or closing action has occurred within the preset verification time window. In response to this command, the high-frequency data acquisition card is synchronously triggered to start acquiring the coil current signal, with the issuance time of the command as the trigger starting point. During acquisition, the high-frequency data acquisition card is controlled to start sampling at the same sampling frequency (preferably 50kHz) as when the first-action coil current waveform was acquired, to ensure that the waveform data acquired in the two acquisitions are consistent in time resolution, facilitating subsequent feature difference comparison. The start time of the acquisition window is synchronized with the issuance time of the secondary action command, and the acquisition duration is consistent with the acquisition duration of the first action (preferably 200ms), to ensure that the entire process from the start of the iron core movement to touching the end baffle can be completely recorded. The acquired discrete current sampling sequence is recorded as the verification coil current waveform, and this waveform data is associated with the corresponding action time, equipment number, and operation type (opening or closing) of this secondary action and stored in the system memory for subsequent steps to extract the verification feature vector and calculate the verification card deviation.

[0048] Among them, the verification coil current waveform refers to the discrete sampling sequence of the current flowing through the opening and closing coil as a function of time, which is collected by the high-frequency data acquisition card when the target circuit breaker performs secondary opening and closing operations. It is used to compare with the initial operating coil current waveform to determine the self-recovery characteristics.

[0049] S202. Extract the verification feature vector of the verification coil current waveform in the core motion characteristic section, and calculate the second weighted Mahalanobis distance between the verification feature vector and the target mean vector based on the preset sensitivity factor to obtain the verification jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker.

[0050] Specifically, based on the acquired verification coil current waveform, using the same time window parameters (i.e., the first 10-15ms period from the moment the coil current begins to rise) used to locate the core movement characteristic segment in the initial coil current waveform, a current sampling sequence is extracted at the corresponding time position of the verification coil current waveform. Multidimensional numerical features (including but not limited to core start-up time, current rise slope, and current peak value) are calculated according to the same feature extraction rules as the initial movement feature vector, forming the verification feature vector. A preset sensitivity factor is retrieved from the storage unit. This preset sensitivity factor is the basic weight coefficient, with a value of 1.0. Unlike the initial movement sensitivity factor, which may be dynamically amplified during the initial movement calculation, the verification stage removes the additional weighted amplification for long-period static scenarios, ensuring that the verification deviation truly reflects the pure mechanical state of the equipment during the secondary movement. The second weighted Mahalanobis distance between the verification feature vector and the target mean vector is calculated using the following formula: , Where D2 is the second weighted Mahalanobis distance. To verify the feature vector, the second weighted Mahalanobis distance is then used as the verification Caesar deviation, which characterizes the degree to which the mechanical characteristics of the target circuit breaker deviate from the healthy state during secondary operation.

[0051] Among them, the verification feature vector refers to the vector composed of multi-dimensional numerical features extracted from the current waveform of the verification coil, which is used to calculate the jamming deviation during the secondary action; the second weighted Mahalanobis distance refers to the weighted Mahalanobis distance calculated for the verification feature vector, which is used to compare with the first weighted Mahalanobis distance calculated in the first action stage to distinguish the different calculation objects of "first" and "second"; the verification jamming deviation refers to the degree to which the secondary action feature vector quantified by the second weighted Mahalanobis distance deviates from the healthy state, which is used to characterize whether jamming still exists during the secondary action.

[0052] S203. Calculate the difference between the initial movement jamming deviation and the verification jamming deviation, and use the ratio of the difference to the initial movement jamming deviation as the self-recovery drop ratio.

[0053] Specifically, the initial action jamming deviation D1 and the verification jamming deviation D2 are read from memory, and the difference between D1 and D2 is calculated, i.e., ΔD = D1 - D2. This difference characterizes the degree of improvement in the mechanical characteristics of the target circuit breaker during the period from the initial action to the secondary action. If the difference is positive, it indicates that the deviation is lower during the secondary action compared to the initial action, and the mechanical characteristics have recovered to some extent. If the difference is zero or negative, it indicates that the deviation is not lowered or even increases further during the secondary action, and the mechanical characteristics have not improved or continue to deteriorate. The difference ΔD is divided by the initial action jamming deviation D2, and the resulting ratio R = ΔD / D1 is used as the self-recovery reduction ratio. The value of this ratio is usually between 0 and 1. When R approaches 1, it indicates that the initial action anomaly has been almost completely recovered after the secondary action; when R approaches 0, it indicates that the initial action anomaly has not improved significantly after the secondary action. The calculated self-recovery drop-off ratio is stored in the system memory as a quantitative basis for determining whether the characteristic difference between the first-start coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform exhibits self-recovery characteristics in subsequent steps.

[0054] Among them, the self-recovery decline ratio refers to the ratio of the difference between the initial action jamming deviation and the verification jamming deviation to the initial action jamming deviation, which is used to quantify the degree to which the mechanical characteristics of the target circuit breaker return to normal due to frictional heat generation after the initial action.

[0055] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, in Figure 2 Before step S203 shown, the following steps may also be included, which will be explained in detail below.

[0056] The system collects the initial voltage drop trajectory of the DC control bus of the target circuit breaker during the current operation, and the verification voltage drop trajectory of the bus during the secondary opening and closing operations. It calculates the initial voltage dip depth and initial voltage drop slope of the initial voltage drop trajectory within the core motion characteristic section, as well as the verification voltage dip depth and verification voltage drop slope of the verification bus within the core motion characteristic section. Based on the initial voltage dip depth and initial voltage drop slope, it generates an initial electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient, and based on the verification voltage dip depth and verification voltage drop slope, it generates a verification electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient. It corrects the initial jamming deviation based on the initial electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient, and corrects the verification jamming deviation based on the verification electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient.

[0057] Specifically, while acquiring the waveform of the first-action coil current, the voltage signal of the DC control bus of the target circuit breaker during the current operation is acquired through the DC bus voltage acquisition channel to obtain the voltage drop trajectory of the first-action bus. Similarly, while acquiring the waveform of the verification coil current, the voltage signal of the DC control bus during the secondary opening and closing operation is acquired to obtain the voltage drop trajectory of the verification bus. Using the time window of the core movement characteristic section as the intercept interval, voltage sampling sequences for corresponding time periods are extracted from the voltage drop trajectory of the first-action bus and the voltage drop trajectory of the verification bus. The difference between the lowest voltage point and the steady-state voltage before operation is calculated, and this difference is taken as the voltage sag depth. The ratio of the voltage change to the time change between the voltage drop start point and the lowest point is taken as the sag slope. The first-action electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient C1 and the verification electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient C2 are calculated using the following formula: C1 = 1 / (w1 × (V d1 / V0)+w2×(K d1 / K0)),C2=1 / (w1×(V d2 / V0)+w2×(K d2 / K0)), where V d1 V0 is the initial voltage dip depth, K is the preset reference voltage, and K is the initial voltage dip depth. d1 The initial drop slope is defined as K0, the preset baseline slope is K0, and w1 and w2 are preset weighting coefficients whose sum is 1 (preferably w1=0.6, w2=0.4). V d2 To verify the voltage sag depth, K d2 To verify the drop slope, the initial movement deviation is multiplied by the initial movement electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient to obtain the corrected initial movement deviation; the verified deviation is then multiplied by the verified electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient to obtain the corrected verified deviation.

[0058] Among them, the DC control bus refers to the DC bus that provides operating power to the opening and closing coils of the target circuit breaker, and its voltage stability directly affects the characteristics of the coil current waveform; the first-action bus voltage drop trajectory refers to the sampling sequence of the DC control bus voltage changing with time when the current action occurs, used to characterize the fluctuation of the bus voltage during the first action; the verification bus voltage drop trajectory refers to the sampling sequence of the DC control bus voltage changing with time when the secondary opening and closing action occurs, used to characterize the fluctuation of the bus voltage during the verification action; the voltage sag depth refers to the difference between the lowest point of the bus voltage and the steady-state voltage before the action in the core movement characteristic section, used to characterize the magnitude of the voltage drop; the sag slope refers to the ratio of the voltage change to the time change between the start of the bus voltage drop and the lowest point, used to characterize the speed of the voltage drop; the electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient is a dimensionless adjustment coefficient generated based on the bus voltage sag depth and sag slope, used to correct the influence of power supply voltage fluctuations on the calculation of the jamming deviation.

[0059] For example, assuming the initial braking deviation is 0.83 and the verification deviation is 0.25, the DC control bus voltage signal is acquired simultaneously with the acquisition of the initial braking coil current waveform at a sampling rate of 50kHz to obtain the initial braking bus voltage drop trajectory. The rated voltage of this DC bus is 220V, the steady-state voltage before operation is 220V, and the voltage drops to 198V at the lowest point within the core movement characteristic section, with a voltage dip depth of 22V. The voltage drops from 220V to 198V in 2ms, with a drop slope of 11V / ms. The preset reference voltage is 20V, the preset reference slope is 10V / ms, and the weighting coefficients w1=0.6 and w2=0.4. The initial braking electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient C1=1 / (0.6×22 / 20+0.4×11 / 10)=1 / (0.66+0.44)=1 / 1.10≈0.91. Similarly, during the verification operation, the bus voltage drops to a minimum of 210V, with a voltage dip depth of 10V and a drop slope of 5V / ms. The verification electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient C2 = 1 / (0.6×10 / 20+0.4×5 / 10) = 1 / (0.30+0.20) = 2.0. Multiplying the initial action jamming deviation of 0.83 by 0.91 yields a corrected initial action jamming deviation of 0.76. Multiplying the verification jamming deviation of 0.25 by 2.0 yields a corrected verification jamming deviation of 0.50.

[0060] Through the above embodiments, the bus voltage drop compensation mechanism effectively eliminates the interference of electrical disturbances caused by differences in power grid quality on mechanical criteria by correcting voltage fluctuations in the initial operation and verification jamming deviations before calculating the self-recovery drop ratio. When the bus voltage drop is severe, the coil current decreases, the core movement slows down, and the deviation of the characteristic vector from the healthy state may be partly due to electrical factors rather than mechanical jamming. The compensation coefficient reduces this part of the deviation. By calculating the corresponding compensation coefficients for the initial operation and verification separately and correcting the corresponding deviations, the difference in power supply conditions caused by different power grid load conditions between the two operations is eliminated. This makes the corrected deviation more realistically reflect the mechanical body state, providing a more accurate data basis for the subsequent calculation of the self-recovery drop ratio.

[0061] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, in Figure 2 Following step S203, the following steps may also be included, which will be explained in detail below.

[0062] The system acquires the time interval between the occurrence of the secondary opening and closing action and the occurrence of the current action, and collects the real-time ambient temperature of the target circuit breaker's operating environment. Based on the real-time ambient temperature, it constructs a heat dissipation coefficient and inputs the heat dissipation coefficient and the time interval into a preset thermodynamic attenuation model, outputting the heat loss rate of the heat accumulated by the initial frictional heat generation. Based on the heat loss rate and a preset benchmark hardening factor, it determines the secondary hardening-derived compensation amount of the target circuit breaker's internal lubricating grease within the time interval. Based on the secondary hardening-derived compensation amount, it performs reverse compensation attenuation on a preset self-recovery benchmark threshold to generate a preset self-recovery judgment threshold.

[0063] Specifically, the time interval Δt (in seconds) is obtained by reading the timestamps of the current action and the secondary opening and closing actions recorded in the system log and calculating the difference between them. Additionally, the real-time ambient temperature T of the circuit breaker's operating environment is collected by an ambient temperature sensor deployed near the target circuit breaker. env (Unit: °C). The heat dissipation coefficient k(T) is constructed based on real-time ambient temperature. env This heat dissipation coefficient is used to characterize the rate at which heat is dissipated outward through the operating mechanism housing and surrounding air at the current ambient temperature. It is constructed using a preset reference temperature T. ref (Preferably 20℃) is used as a reference, when T env ≤T ref When k=1.0; when T env When Tref >, k=1+α×(T env -T ref), where α is the preset temperature-heat dissipation gain coefficient (preferably α = 0.02 / ℃), meaning that the higher the ambient temperature, the faster the heat dissipation. The heat dissipation coefficient k and the action time interval Δt are input into a preset thermodynamic decay model, which describes the exponential decay of heat accumulated by the initial frictional heat generation over time, specifically: L = k × (1 − e^{−λ·Δt}), where λ is the preset heat dissipation time constant (preferably λ = 0.005 s). -1 L is the heat loss rate (range 0-1), representing the proportion of accumulated heat that has been lost. Based on the heat loss rate L and the preset baseline hardening factor H... base Determine the secondary hardening derivative compensation amount H comp =L×H base ×β, where β is a preset hardening rate adjustment coefficient (preferably β=0.8), H base Pre-calibrate according to the type of grease (preferably H). base =0.6). Set the preset self-recovery baseline threshold T. rec (This threshold is a pre-set initial cutoff value used to determine whether self-recovery characteristics are present, preferably T) rec =0.4) According to formula T adj =T rec ×(1−H comp Reverse compensation attenuation is performed to generate a preset self-recovery threshold T. adj .

[0064] Through the above embodiments, when the time interval between the first and second actions is long, the heat accumulated from friction has sufficient time to dissipate, and the grease hardens again after its temperature drops. Therefore, the mechanical properties that were originally restored due to softening during the second action may degrade again. If a fixed threshold is still used for judgment in this case, it is easy to misjudge a situation that should be judged as self-recovering (level 2) as non-self-recovering (level 3), or vice versa. By introducing the action time interval and real-time ambient temperature for thermodynamic correction, the self-recovery judgment threshold is dynamically adjusted—the longer the time interval or the higher the ambient temperature, the greater the heat loss rate and the higher the degree of secondary hardening, and the judgment threshold is lowered accordingly—so that the judgment standard can adapt to the actual heat dissipation conditions, avoiding missed or false judgments caused by cooling hardening, and improving the accuracy of graded early warning.

[0065] S204. When the self-recovery drop ratio is greater than or equal to the preset self-recovery judgment threshold, the characteristic difference between the first-action coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform is determined to show self-recovery characteristics caused by frictional heat generation. The second-level warning result is output. The second-level warning result is used to characterize that the target circuit breaker has a slight first-action jam and has recovered on its own through secondary action.

[0066] Specifically, the self-recovery fallback ratio R calculated from memory and the preset self-recovery judgment threshold T generated after thermodynamic correction are read. adj The self-recovery decline rate R is compared with the preset self-recovery judgment threshold T. adj Compare. When R ≥ T adj When the waveform of the initial operating coil and the waveform of the verification coil are compared, the difference in characteristics indicates a self-recovering characteristic caused by frictional heat. This determination means that the jamming abnormality of the target circuit breaker during initial operation is not caused by irreversible mechanical structural damage, but by the drying and hardening of the grease inside the operating mechanism after a long period of stillness, resulting in an abnormally increased frictional resistance during initial operation. During the initial operation, frictional heat is generated inside the operating mechanism due to mechanical movement. This heat causes the temperature of the dried and hardened grease to rise, its viscosity to decrease, and it to temporarily soften, thereby reducing the mechanical resistance. Therefore, the mechanical characteristics during the verification operation are significantly improved compared to the initial operation. In response to this determination, a second-level warning result is output. This second-level warning result includes the equipment number of the target circuit breaker, the time of the initial operation, the duration of the static state, the percentage of self-recovery, and the diagnostic conclusion of "mild initial operation jamming - self-recovered". It is used to inform the operation and maintenance personnel that the circuit breaker has a transient jamming problem caused by grease aging, but the problem has been resolved on its own after the second operation, and the equipment is currently in an operational state.

[0067] Among them, the self-recovery characteristic refers to the characteristic that after the circuit breaker experiences a jamming abnormality during the first operation, the hardened grease is temporarily softened by mechanical friction and heat during the first operation, causing the mechanical characteristic waveform of the subsequent secondary operation to tend to be normal or significantly improved. It is used to characterize the nature of the jamming abnormality as a transient increase caused by grease aging rather than permanent mechanical damage. The second-level warning result refers to the graded warning information output when the self-recovery decline ratio is greater than or equal to the preset self-recovery judgment threshold. It is used to characterize that the target circuit breaker has mild first-operation jamming and has recovered on its own through secondary operation, which is a transient increase in friction caused by grease aging. Mild first-operation jamming refers to the abnormal increase in frictional resistance caused by the hardening of grease during the first operation of the target circuit breaker, but the degree of abnormality has not caused permanent mechanical structural damage and can be temporarily relieved by mechanical collision and frictional heat generation during secondary operation.

[0068] Through the above embodiments, the unique physical characteristic of first-action jamming, "the dried grease can be temporarily softened in a short time after the friction heat is generated during first-action operation," is fully utilized. The "self-recovery" interference phenomenon that is traditionally considered to cause missed detection of first-action jamming is reversed and transformed into a diagnostic probe. By comparing the self-recovery decline rate with the preset self-recovery judgment threshold, the current anomaly is clearly determined to be a self-recoverable grease aging problem based on quantitative data. This achieves accurate classification of the cause of jamming faults. The second-level warning result, based on the determination that the cause of the anomaly is grease aging and non-emergency hardware damage, clarifies the handling suggestion as "included in planned maintenance" rather than "immediate shutdown for emergency repair." This ensures equipment safety and avoids unnecessary emergency shutdowns that could impact the power grid operation, providing maintenance personnel with accurate and operable decision-making basis.

[0069] Based on the above embodiments, as an optional embodiment, see [link to embodiment]. Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the optimization of the health baseline matrix provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 Following step S204, the following steps may also be included: Figure 3 Steps S301-S304 are explained in detail below.

[0070] S301. In response to the second-level warning result, obtain the verification coil current waveform corresponding to the third opening and closing action of the target circuit breaker after the second opening and closing action.

[0071] Specifically, after outputting the second-level warning result, the processing flow does not end immediately. Instead, it continues to monitor the subsequent actions of the target circuit breaker. After the preset self-recovery judgment threshold is determined and the second-level warning result is output, the operation command receiving channel of the target circuit breaker is continuously monitored. It waits for the third opening and closing action of the target circuit breaker due to subsequent operation and maintenance scheduling. When the target circuit breaker receives a new opening or closing operation command after the second opening and closing action, it responds to the command by taking the time of the command issuance as the trigger starting point and synchronously triggering the high-frequency data acquisition card to start collecting coil current signals. During the collection, the high-frequency data acquisition card is controlled to sample at the same sampling frequency (preferably 50kHz) and the same collection duration (preferably 200ms) as when the first coil current waveform was collected. This ensures that the waveform data collected three times are consistent in terms of time resolution and sampling duration, which is convenient for subsequent feature difference comparison and stability verification. The collected discrete current sampling sequence is recorded as the retest coil current waveform, and the waveform data is associated with the corresponding action time, equipment number, and operation type (opening or closing) of this action and stored in the system memory. It should be noted that the third opening and closing action is a natural action that occurs due to subsequent operation and maintenance scheduling, and is not actively triggered. Its occurrence time is uncontrollable. Any time that occurs after the second opening and closing action and before the end of this circuit breaker task is within the effective data collection range of this step.

[0072] Among them, the verification coil current waveform refers to the discrete sampling sequence of the current flowing through the opening and closing coil as a function of time, which is collected by the high-frequency data acquisition card when the target circuit breaker performs the third opening and closing action. It is used to extract the verification feature vector and compare it with the verification feature vector to verify stability.

[0073] S302. Extract the verification feature vector of the verification coil current waveform in the core motion characteristic section, and calculate the third weighted Mahalanobis distance between the verification feature vector and the target mean vector based on the preset sensitivity factor to obtain the verification jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker.

[0074] Specifically, using the same time window parameters as those used to locate the core movement characteristic segment in the initial coil current waveform, a current sampling sequence is extracted at the corresponding time position of the retest coil current waveform. Multidimensional numerical features (including but not limited to core start-up time, current rise slope, current peak value, and current integral area) are calculated according to the same feature extraction rules as the initial feature vector to form the retest feature vector. A preset sensitivity factor is retrieved from the storage unit. This preset sensitivity factor is a base weight coefficient with a value of 1.0, consistent with the verification stage, to ensure that the retest deviation and the verification deviation are under the same weighting benchmark, guaranteeing comparability between the two deviations. The third weighted Mahalanobis distance between the retest feature vector and the target mean vector is calculated using the following formula: , Where D3 is the second weighted Mahalanobis distance. The feature vector is used for verification, and then the third weighted Mahalanobis distance is used as the verification deviation degree to characterize the degree to which the mechanical characteristics of the target circuit breaker deviate from the healthy state during the third action.

[0075] Among them, the retest feature vector refers to the vector composed of multi-dimensional numerical features extracted from the retest coil current waveform, which is used to calculate the jamming deviation degree during the third action; the third weighted Mahalanobis distance refers to the weighted Mahalanobis distance calculated for the retest feature vector, which is used to compare with the second weighted Mahalanobis distance calculated in the verification stage to distinguish the different calculation objects of "second" and "third"; the retest jamming deviation degree refers to the degree of deviation of the third action feature vector from the healthy state quantified by the third weighted Mahalanobis distance, which is used to characterize whether jamming still exists during the third action and the difference in deviation degree from the verification stage.

[0076] S303. Calculate the fluctuation range of the verification check deviation and the re-verification check deviation; when the fluctuation range is less than the preset stability threshold, determine that the target circuit breaker has entered a stable state after the secondary opening and closing operation.

[0077] Specifically, the absolute value of the difference between the verification card deviation and the re-verification card deviation is taken as the absolute fluctuation range, i.e., W = |D2 - D3|. In a preferred embodiment, to further eliminate the influence of the difference in the absolute value of deviation between different devices on the judgment criterion, the absolute fluctuation range is divided by the larger of the verification card deviation and the re-verification card deviation to obtain the relative fluctuation range, i.e., W. rel =|D2-D3| / max(D2, D3), where the relative fluctuation range is between 0 and 1. The calculated fluctuation range W (or Wmax) is then used to calculate the fluctuation range. rel ) and preset stability threshold W thr For comparison, the preset stability threshold is a pre-set boundary value used to determine whether the equipment has entered a stable state. It is pre-calibrated based on the target circuit breaker model and normal fluctuation range. The preferred relative fluctuation amplitude stability threshold is 0.15 (i.e., 15%), and the preferred absolute fluctuation amplitude stability threshold is set to 0.10 based on the typical numerical range of the deviation. When the fluctuation amplitude is less than the preset stability threshold, it is determined that the difference between the verification check deviation and the re-verification check deviation is small and there is no significant fluctuation. Therefore, it is determined that the target circuit breaker has entered a stable state after the secondary opening and closing operation, providing a reliable basis for subsequently updating the health baseline matrix by using the verification coil current waveform and the re-verification coil current waveform as new health sample data.

[0078] Among them, fluctuation amplitude refers to the degree of difference between the verification deviation and the re-verification deviation, which is used to characterize the change in mechanical characteristics between the two actions, and can be quantified by absolute difference or relative difference; preset stability threshold refers to the pre-set boundary value used to determine whether the fluctuation amplitude reaches the stability recognition standard, which is pre-calibrated according to the model of the target circuit breaker and the normal fluctuation range of the deviation under normal operating conditions; stable state refers to the state in which the mechanical characteristics of the target circuit breaker remain consistent between two consecutive actions and no longer change significantly, which is used to characterize that the equipment has transitioned from the transient process of initial abnormality and secondary recovery to the stable operation stage.

[0079] S304. Using the verification coil current waveform and the retest coil current waveform as new health sample data, the health baseline matrix is ​​incrementally updated to obtain the updated health baseline matrix.

[0080] Specifically, when it is determined that the target circuit breaker has entered a stable state after secondary opening and closing operations, the verification feature vector and the re-verification feature vector of the verification coil current waveform and the re-verification coil current waveform within the core movement characteristic segment are extracted respectively. These feature vectors are then used to construct two new sample vectors with the same feature dimensions as the initial operation feature vector. These two new sample vectors are added to the existing historical healthy sample set to form an updated healthy sample set. Based on the updated healthy sample set, the arithmetic mean of each feature dimension is recalculated to obtain an updated mean vector. This updated mean vector is used as the new mean vector of the health baseline matrix, replacing the original mean vector. Simultaneously, based on the updated healthy sample set, the covariance matrix between each feature dimension is recalculated to obtain an updated covariance matrix, which is used to replace the original covariance matrix to reflect the changes in feature correlation introduced by the new healthy samples. The updated mean vector and covariance matrix are used as the updated health baseline matrix and stored in the system storage unit to replace the original health baseline matrix, serving as the judgment benchmark for subsequent monitoring and early warning. It should be noted that if the number of new samples causes the updated set of healthy samples to exceed the preset sliding window capacity limit (preferably 50 times), the earliest historical samples are removed in chronological order to keep the total number of samples in the window from exceeding the limit. This ensures that the health baseline matrix can reflect the recent stable health status of the device, while avoiding the continuous impact of data from early anomalies or the initial break-in period of the device on the baseline.

[0081] Through the above embodiments, after stability verification, the verification waveform and the re-verification waveform are incorporated into the incremental update of the health baseline matrix, realizing the self-iterative evolution of the health baseline. On the one hand, waveform data that was temporarily judged as "mildly abnormal" due to slight jamming is transformed into normal samples to feed back into the baseline after secondary and tertiary actions confirm that its deviation is a recoverable transient phenomenon, effectively utilizing the data information that was originally marked as abnormal. On the other hand, by introducing normal operating data of the current equipment state, the baseline can slowly follow the reasonable characteristic drift of the equipment caused by long-term operation, normal mechanical wear and tear, and changes in environmental factors, avoiding misjudging normal equipment depreciation as sudden failure. The dynamic update of the health baseline matrix ensures that the judgment benchmark always fits the current actual state of the equipment, which is fundamentally different from the characteristic of the fixed threshold method that fails as the operating time increases. The sliding window mechanism ensures that the baseline is always based on recent health samples, which not only retains the latest operating characteristics of the equipment, but also avoids the continuous influence of early abnormal data or special operating condition data.

[0082] S205. When the self-recovery decline ratio is less than the preset self-recovery judgment threshold, the judgment feature difference does not show self-recovery characteristics, and the third-level warning result is output. The third-level warning result is used to characterize that the operating mechanism of the target circuit breaker has irreversible mechanical damage.

[0083] Specifically, the self-recovery decline rate R is compared with the preset self-recovery judgment threshold T. adj Compare. When R <T adj When the waveform of the initial operating coil and the waveform of the verification coil did not show self-recovery characteristics due to frictional heat, it meant that the jamming abnormality of the target circuit breaker during initial operation was not caused by the drying and hardening of the lubricating grease. Even if mechanical frictional heat was generated during the initial operation, the physical process of softening the dried and hardened lubricating grease to improve mechanical characteristics did not occur. That is, the mechanical characteristics during the secondary operation were not substantially improved compared with the initial operation. Based on this judgment result, a third-level warning result was output. The third-level warning result includes the equipment number of the target circuit breaker, the time of the initial operation, the degree of jamming deviation during the initial operation, the degree of jamming deviation during the verification, the self-recovery rate, and the diagnostic conclusion of "irreversible mechanical damage - immediate shutdown and maintenance required". This is used to inform the operation and maintenance personnel that the operating mechanism of the circuit breaker has suffered permanent mechanical structural damage. While outputting the warning result, the interlocking and blocking command of the target circuit breaker is also triggered, and the blocking signal is sent to the control terminal of the target circuit breaker or the substation monitoring background, prohibiting the issuance of subsequent opening and closing operation commands to the circuit breaker, so as to prevent the equipment damage from being expanded or the power system safety accident from being caused by continuing to operate under the condition of permanent mechanical damage.

[0084] Among them, the third-level early warning result refers to the graded early warning information output when the self-recovery decline ratio is less than the preset self-recovery judgment threshold. It is used to indicate that the operating mechanism of the target circuit breaker has irreversible mechanical damage and needs to be shut down for maintenance immediately. The interlocking and blocking command refers to the prohibition signal sent to the control terminal or substation monitoring background of the target circuit breaker to prevent the issuance of subsequent opening and closing operation commands to the circuit breaker.

[0085] Through the above embodiments, when the self-recovery rate is lower than the preset self-recovery threshold, it indicates that the mechanical characteristics have not been substantially improved after the initial operation. This means the initial operation anomaly is not caused by the reversible factor of grease drying, and therefore can be accurately determined as irreversible mechanical damage. Simultaneously with outputting the third-level warning result, an interlocking command is triggered to ensure that the equipment will not be operated under conditions of permanent damage, thus preventing more serious power system safety accidents caused by further equipment damage. Thus, through paired differential analysis of the initial and secondary operation waveforms, a precise distinction has been achieved between transient jamming caused by grease aging and permanent mechanical damage.

[0086] The circuit breaker first-action jamming early warning and verification system in the embodiments of this invention is described below from the perspective of hardware processing. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circuit breaker first-action jamming early warning and verification system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0087] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The structure of the circuit breaker first-action jam warning and verification system shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitations on the functionality and scope of application of the embodiments of this application.

[0088] like Figure 4 As shown, the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification system includes a central processing unit 401, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in the read-only memory 402 or a program loaded from the storage section 408 into the random access memory 403, such as executing the methods described in the above embodiments. The random access memory 403 also stores various programs and data required for system operation. The central processing unit 401, the read-only memory 402, and the random access memory 403 are interconnected via a bus 404. An input / output interface 405 is also connected to the bus 404.

[0089] The following components are connected to the input / output interface 405: an input section 406 including audio input devices, push-button switches, etc.; an output section 407 including a liquid crystal display (LCD) and audio output devices, indicator lights, etc.; a storage section 408 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 409 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, modem, etc. The communication section 409 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 410 is also connected to the input / output interface 405 as needed. A removable medium 411, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on the drive 410 as needed so that computer programs read from it can be installed into the storage section 408 as needed.

[0090] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing a computer program for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 409, and / or installed from removable medium 411. When the computer program is executed by central processing unit 401, it performs the various functions defined in the present invention. It should be noted that specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0091] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, program segment, or portion of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings.

[0092] Specifically, the circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification system of this embodiment includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification method provided in the above embodiment.

[0093] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification system described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification system. The storage medium carries one or more computer programs, which, when executed by a processor of the circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification system, cause the circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification system to implement the circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification method provided in the above embodiments.

[0094] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure shall still fall within the scope of this disclosure. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not described in this disclosure. The specification and embodiments are considered exemplary only, and the scope and spirit of this disclosure are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for early warning and verification of circuit breaker first-operation jamming, characterized in that, include: Obtain the static duration of the target circuit breaker before the current action occurs, and collect the initial operating coil current waveform of the target circuit breaker when the current action occurs; A dynamic tolerance constraint band is generated based on the static duration, and the first-action jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker is calculated based on the first-action coil current waveform. When the deviation of the first-action jamming exceeds the dynamic tolerance constraint band, an initial warning signal is generated. The initial warning signal is used to characterize the target circuit breaker as having a suspected first-action jamming. In response to the initial warning signal, the target circuit breaker is controlled to enter a non-blocking verification state, and the target circuit breaker is monitored within a preset verification time window for whether there is a secondary opening and closing action caused by operation and maintenance scheduling. The non-blocking verification state is used to indicate that the target circuit breaker remains available and does not output an alarm. If not, the target circuit breaker is determined to have first-action jamming and a first-level warning result is output. The first-level warning result is used to indicate that the lubricating grease of the operating mechanism of the target circuit breaker has dried and hardened. If present, the verification coil current waveform of the target circuit breaker is obtained, and based on the characteristic differences between the first-action coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform, the graded early warning result of the target circuit breaker is confirmed and output.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generation of dynamic tolerance constraint bands based on the static duration includes: The target circuit breaker is acquired by acquiring historical waveform data of multiple normal operations within a preset time window, and a health baseline matrix is ​​constructed based on all the historical waveform data. The health baseline matrix contains a mean vector. Based on a preset time resistance mapping table, determine the resistance offset coefficient corresponding to the static duration; The resistance offset coefficient is superimposed on the target mean vector to obtain the upper and lower bounds of the permissible offset of the wave. The core motion characteristic segment is used to characterize the time period from unlocking to touching the end plate of the operating mechanism core. The target mean vector is the sub-vector of the mean vector that is in the core motion characteristic segment. The supremum and the infimum are used as the upper and lower envelope boundaries to generate a dynamic tolerance constraint band.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation of the initial tripping jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker based on the initial tripping coil current waveform includes: When the static duration does not exceed the preset duration threshold, the preset sensitivity factor is used as the first-action sensitivity factor of the target circuit breaker; When the static duration exceeds the preset duration threshold, the preset sensitivity factor is dynamically amplified based on the static duration and the preset duration threshold to obtain the first-action sensitivity factor of the target circuit breaker; Extract the first-action feature vector of the first-action coil current waveform within the characteristic segment of the iron core movement, and calculate the first weighted Mahalanobis distance between the first-action feature vector and the target mean vector based on the first-action sensitivity factor to obtain the first-action jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of acquiring the verification coil current waveform of the target circuit breaker, and based on the characteristic differences between the initial operating coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform, confirming and outputting the graded early warning result of the target circuit breaker, includes: When the secondary opening and closing action occurs within the preset verification time window, the verification coil current waveform corresponding to the secondary opening and closing action is collected. Extract the verification feature vector of the verification coil current waveform within the core motion characteristic section, and calculate the second weighted Mahalanobis distance between the verification feature vector and the target mean vector based on the preset sensitivity factor to obtain the verification jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker. Calculate the difference between the initial movement jamming deviation and the verification jamming deviation, and use the ratio of the difference to the initial movement jamming deviation as the self-recovery fall-off percentage; When the self-recovery drop ratio is greater than or equal to the preset self-recovery judgment threshold, it is determined that the characteristic difference between the first-action coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform shows self-recovery characteristics caused by frictional heat generation, and a second-level warning result is output. The second-level warning result is used to characterize that the target circuit breaker has a slight first-action jam and has recovered by itself through a second action. When the self-recovery decline ratio is less than the preset self-recovery judgment threshold, it is determined that the feature difference does not exhibit the self-recovery characteristic, and a third-level warning result is output. The third-level warning result is used to characterize that the operating mechanism of the target circuit breaker has irreversible mechanical damage.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Before calculating the difference between the initial movement deviation and the verification deviation, the method further includes: The DC control bus of the target circuit breaker is collected to record the initial bus voltage drop trajectory during the current operation, and the verification bus voltage drop trajectory during the secondary opening and closing operation. Calculate the initial voltage dip depth and initial voltage dip slope of the first-acting bus voltage trajectory within the core motion characteristic section, and the verification voltage dip depth and verification voltage dip slope of the verification bus voltage trajectory within the core motion characteristic section. Based on the initial voltage dip depth and the initial voltage drop slope, an initial voltage fluctuation compensation coefficient is generated, and based on the verification voltage dip depth and the verification voltage drop slope, a verification voltage fluctuation compensation coefficient is generated. The first-motion jamming deviation is corrected based on the first-motion electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient, and the verification jamming deviation is corrected based on the verification electrical fluctuation compensation coefficient.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, After determining that the characteristic difference between the initial coil current waveform and the verification coil current waveform exhibits self-recovery characteristics due to frictional heating when the self-recovery drop ratio is greater than or equal to a preset self-recovery judgment threshold, and outputting a second-level warning result, the method further includes: In response to the second-level warning result, the retest coil current waveform corresponding to the third opening and closing action of the target circuit breaker after the second opening and closing action is obtained; Extract the verification feature vector of the verification coil current waveform within the core motion characteristic section, and calculate the third weighted Mahalanobis distance between the verification feature vector and the target mean vector based on the preset sensitivity factor to obtain the verification jamming deviation of the target circuit breaker. Calculate the fluctuation range of the deviation of the verification card and the deviation of the re-verification card; When the fluctuation amplitude is less than the preset stability threshold, it is determined that the target circuit breaker has entered a stable state after the secondary opening and closing operation. The verification coil current waveform and the retest coil current waveform are used as new health sample data to incrementally update the health baseline matrix, resulting in the updated health baseline matrix.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, After calculating the difference between the initial movement jamming deviation and the verification jamming deviation, and using the ratio of the difference to the initial movement jamming deviation as the self-recovery decline ratio, the method further includes: The time interval between the occurrence time of the secondary opening and closing action and the occurrence time of the current action is obtained, and the real-time ambient temperature of the operating environment of the target circuit breaker is collected. A heat dissipation coefficient is constructed based on the real-time ambient temperature, and the heat dissipation coefficient and the action time interval are input into a preset thermodynamic decay model to output the heat loss rate of the heat accumulated by the heat generated by the initial friction. Based on the heat loss rate and the preset benchmark hardening factor, the secondary hardening derivative compensation amount of the internal grease of the target circuit breaker during the operating time interval is determined. Based on the secondary hardening-derived compensation amount, the preset self-recovery benchmark threshold is attenuated by reverse compensation to generate the preset self-recovery judgment threshold.

8. A circuit breaker first-action jamming early warning and verification system, characterized in that, The circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification system includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code includes computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to cause the circuit breaker first-operation jamming warning and verification system to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction is executed on the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification system, the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification system performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, When the computer program product is run on the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification system, the circuit breaker first-action jamming warning and verification system performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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