Method for controlling coherent phase of neutrino based on topological material and detection system thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and detection system for coherent neutrino phase modulation based on topological materials. The system includes a topological material array, a parallel phase modulation module, a neutrino source coupling layer, a neutrino detector array, and a phase control module. The method calculates the required projection angle θ_i for each topological material element through the parallel phase modulation module and outputs it to each element in parallel at the same clock edge. Each element adjusts its Berry curvature distribution and topological Chern number according to the projection angle θ_i. The neutrino beam accumulates the Berry phase as it passes through the topological material array, achieving active encoding and beamforming of the coherent neutrino phase. This invention achieves active neutrino phase modulation for the first time, operates at room temperature, and has a beamforming response time of less than 10 microseconds. It can be widely applied in fields such as neutrino communication, nuclear reactor monitoring, and fundamental physics research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of neutrino physics and quantum sensing technology, specifically to a method for coherent neutrino phase modulation based on topological materials and its detection system. This invention is particularly applicable to neutrino communication, neutrino detection, nuclear reactor monitoring, geophysical imaging, and fundamental physics research. Background Technology

[0002] Neutrinos are among the most mysterious fundamental particles in nature. They have extremely small mass, no electric charge, and almost no interaction with matter, yet possess extremely strong penetrating power. Neutrinos can pass through the Earth, stars, and even entire galaxies without being absorbed. This property makes them unique information carriers—actively controlling and detecting neutrinos would open up entirely new dimensions of communication and detection. Existing neutrino detection and control technologies can be mainly classified into the following categories: (I) Passive Neutrino Detection Secondary signals (Cherenkov light, scintillation light, etc.) of neutrino-matter interaction are detected using large detectors (SuperKamiokande, IceCube, etc.). This type of method has the following problems: (1) the detectors are huge (tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of tons); (2) they can only be passively received and cannot actively control neutrinos; (3) the detection efficiency is extremely low and requires a very long integration time; (4) information encoding and communication cannot be achieved. (II) Coherent elastic neutrino-nuclear scattering detection The detection is performed by coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos with atomic nuclei. This type of method has the following problems: (1) the signal is extremely weak; (2) a low threshold and low noise detector is required; and (3) the scattering process cannot be controlled. (III) Neutrino detection based on quantum materials In recent years, topological materials (such as topological insulators and Weyl half-metals) have been theoretically predicted to enhance the interaction cross-section between neutrinos and matter due to their unique electronic band structure. However, current research remains at the theoretical calculation stage, and no engineering-based control and detection schemes have been proposed. (iv) Theoretical Scheme for Neutrino Communication There have been theoretical proposals to use neutrino beams for communication, but these are all based on strong neutrino beams generated by accelerators, which involve large, high-power, and immobile equipment. In summary, the common fundamental deficiency of existing technologies lies in the lack of a technical solution capable of actively controlling the coherent phase of neutrinos, enhancing neutrino-matter interactions, and achieving engineering deployment. This invention, for the first time, utilizes the Berry curvature of topological materials to control the coherent phase of neutrino-matter interactions, opening a new path for active neutrino control and communication. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (a) Purpose of the invention This invention provides a neutrino coherent phase modulation method and detection system based on topological materials, aiming to solve the technical problems of existing neutrino technologies being unable to actively modulate the neutrino phase, enhance neutrino-matter interactions, and achieve engineering deployment. (II) Technical Principles This invention is based on topological quantum materials physics and the theory of coherent neutrino scattering. In this invention, the active modulation of the neutrino phase is achieved through the following physical chain: Coherent elastic neutrino-nuclear scattering: The coherent elastic scattering cross section of a neutrino with an atomic nucleus is proportional to the square of the number of neutrinos N in the target nucleus: σ ∝ N². When the wavelength of the incident neutrino is comparable to the internuclear distance, the scattering amplitudes of each nucleon coherently superimpose, producing an enhanced scattering signal. Berry curvature effect in topological materials: Topological materials (such as Weyl semimetals and topological insulators) have a non-zero Berry curvature Ω(k) in momentum space. The Berry curvature can be regarded as an effective magnetic field in momentum space, affecting the quantum phase of particles (including neutrino-electron coupling systems) propagating in it. Berry phase modulation: By modulating the Chern number C and Berry curvature distribution of a topological material using an external field (electric field, magnetic field, or optical field), the coherent phase of the interaction between neutrinos and the topological material is altered. When a neutrino passes through the topological material, its wavefunction accumulates additional Berry phase, resulting in coherent enhancement or destructive interference at the scattering cross section. Parallel projection angle control: The phase branch output θ_i of the parallel phase control module drives the Berry curvature control terminals of each element in the topological material array. By controlling the Berry curvature distribution of each element in parallel, the spatial distribution control of the neutrino coherent phase is achieved, thereby realizing phase encoding and beamforming of the neutrino beam. The fundamental difference from existing technologies: This invention is not a "passive waiting for neutrino collisions" approach, but rather an active modulation of the quantum geometric properties of topological materials to change the coherence conditions of neutrino-matter interactions and achieve active encoding of neutrino phases. (III) Technical Solution A neutrino coherent phase modulation system based on topological materials, characterized in that it comprises: A topological material array comprising multiple topological material units (Weyl semimetals or topological insulators), each unit having a controllable Berry curvature distribution and topological Chern number; The phase parallel control module contains multiple phase branches, each of which independently outputs a projection angle θ_i, which is connected to the Berry curvature control terminal of the corresponding topological material element. A neutrino source coupling layer is disposed on the incident side of the topological material array and is used to guide the neutrino beam to the topological material array; A neutrino detector array is disposed on the emission side of the topological material array for detecting neutrino signals after phase modulation. A phase control module, connected to the phase parallel control module, is used to calculate the required projection angle distribution of each topological material unit based on the target neutrino beam direction or encoding information. A method for coherent neutrino phase modulation based on topological materials, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: Obtain the target neutrino beam direction or encoding information, and calculate the required Berry curvature distribution for each topological material unit; S2: Convert the Berry curvature distribution into the corresponding projection angle sequence θ1, θ2, …, θ n ; S3: Through multiple phase branches of the phase parallel control module, the projection angle sequence is output in parallel to each topological material unit at the same clock edge; S4: Each topological material element adjusts its Berry curvature distribution and topological Chern number according to the received projection angle θ_i; S5: The neutrino beam passes through the topological material array, and the Berry curvature of each unit modulates the coherent phase of the neutrinos, forming an encoded neutrino signal on the emission side. (iv) Beneficial effects First, it is the first time that active control of neutrino phase has been achieved, upgrading neutrinos from "passively detectable" to "actively coded and modulated". Second, the Berry curvature effect of topological materials can accumulate considerable Berry phase on a macroscopic scale (millimeters to centimeters), reducing the device size by more than six orders of magnitude compared to traditional neutrino manipulation schemes. Third, parallel phase modulation enables the neutrino beam to switch rapidly (at the microsecond level) between different emission directions, supporting beam scanning for neutrino communication. Fourth, the system can operate at room temperature (without requiring large cryogenic equipment) and is suitable for engineering deployment. Fifth, it is compatible with existing neutrino detectors and can be integrated as an enhancement front-end. Detailed Implementation

[0004] Example 1 (Weyl semimetal neutrino phase modulator) Step 1: Provide a topological material array. Weyl half-metal TaAs or NbP thin film arrays are fabricated on a substrate in an 8×8 arrangement, with each unit cell measuring 100 μm × 100 μm and having a thickness of 50–200 nm. Each unit cell is equipped with an independent gate electrode for controlling the Berry curvature. Step 2: Integrate the phase parallel control module. The phase parallel control module is configured with 64 phase branches, each branch outputs a projection angle θ_i, with an update rate of 100MHz, and is connected to the gate electrode of each unit. Step 3: Integrate the neutrino source and detector. A neutrino source (such as a nuclear reactor neutrino or accelerator neutrino) is placed on the incident side of the array, and a neutrino detector array (such as a diamond NV color center detector) is placed on the output side. Step 4: Phase encoding and signal modulation. The phase control module calculates the required projection angle distribution for each element based on the encoded information and applies it in parallel to each element through the phase parallel adjustment module. The Berry curvature of each element is adjusted accordingly, and different Berry phases are accumulated when neutrinos pass through. Step 5: Neutrino signal detection. The emitter-side detector array receives the modulated neutrino signal and demodulates the encoded information. Example 2 (Neutrino Beamforming and Scanning) By adjusting the projection angle distribution of the topological material array, the neutrino beam can be focused or deflected on the emission side. The beamforming mode switching time is less than 10 μs, supporting spatial multiplexing for neutrino communication. Example 3 (Enhanced Neutrino Monitoring in Nuclear Reactors) Deploying topological material neutrino phase modulators around nuclear reactors can enhance the coupling efficiency between neutrinos and detectors through active modulation, thereby improving the sensitivity and real-time performance of reactor neutrino monitoring. Example 4 (Neutrino Communication Link) A topological material neutrino phase modulation system is deployed at both the transmitter and receiver. The transmitter encodes the digital signal into a Berry curvature distribution sequence, modulating a neutrino beam passing through the topological material array; the receiver demodulates the signal using a detector array. The communication link is unaffected by electromagnetic shielding and can penetrate the Earth. Attached Figure Description

[0005] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the neutrino coherent phase modulation system based on topological materials according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the one-to-one correspondence between the topological material array and the phase branch. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single topological material unit. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the trinos coherent phase modulation method in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a typical application scenario of the present invention. Terminology Explanation

[0006] Projection angle θ: The phase control parameter output by each phase branch. The value of θ determines the Berry curvature control state of the corresponding topological material element, and the value ranges from -π to +π. Berry curvature: an effective magnetic field in momentum space, describing the geometric properties of the band structure and affecting the geometric phase accumulation of the particle wave function. Weyl semimetals: Topological semimetals with a Weyl point band structure and a non-zero Berry curvature near the Fermi surface. Coherent elastic neutrino-nuclear scattering: Elastic scattering of neutrinos with atomic nuclei, with scattering amplitudes coherently superimposed between nucleons.

Claims

1. A method for neutrino coherent phase modulation based on topological materials, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the target neutrino beam direction or encoding information, and calculate the required Berry curvature distribution for each topological material unit; S2: Convert the Berry curvature distribution into the corresponding projection angle sequence θ1, θ2, …, θ n ; S3: Through multiple phase branches of the phase parallel control module, the projection angle sequence is output in parallel to each topological material unit at the same clock edge; S4: Each topological material element adjusts its Berry curvature distribution and topological Chern number according to the received projection angle θ_i; S5: The neutrino beam passes through the topological material array, and the Berry curvature of each unit modulates the coherent phase of the neutrinos, forming an encoded neutrino signal on the emission side.

2. A neutrino coherent phase modulation system based on topological materials, characterized in that, include: A topological material array, comprising multiple topological material units, each with a controllable Berry curvature distribution and a topological Chern number; The phase parallel control module contains multiple phase branches, each of which independently outputs a projection angle θ_i, which is connected to the Berry curvature control terminal of the corresponding topological material element. A neutrino source coupling layer is disposed on the incident side of the topological material array and is used to guide the neutrino beam to the topological material array; A neutrino detector array is disposed on the emission side of the topological material array for detecting neutrino signals after phase modulation. A phase control module, connected to the phase parallel control module, is used to calculate the required projection angle distribution of each topological material unit based on the target neutrino beam direction or encoding information.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The topological material includes at least one of the Weyl semimetals TaAs, NbP, WTe2, or the topological insulator Bi2Se3.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Berry curvature is controlled by at least one external field, namely, gate voltage, optical field, or magnetic field.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beamforming response time of the neutrino beam is less than 10 microseconds.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating temperature of the topological material array ranges from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature.

7. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The neutrino detector array is based on at least one of the following principles: diamond NV color centers, superconducting nanowires, or scintillators.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The encoded information is spatially encoded or temporally encoded using the projection angle distribution of each topological material unit.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method supports switching of neutrino beams in multiple directions, enabling spatial multiplexing of neutrino communication.

10. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system is a portable deployment structure with a total weight not exceeding 100kg.

Images