Method, device, storage medium and electronic device for obtaining a near-surface model

Abstract

This invention relates to a method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device for acquiring a near-surface model. The method includes: performing first-arrival picking and velocity interpretation based on surface survey data from various survey points in a target area; obtaining the low-velocity zone velocity at each survey point; performing interpolation based on the low-velocity zone velocity to obtain the surface velocity at each measurement point in the target area; converting pre-acquired first-arrival data from guns to a common center point gather; obtaining first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data for calculating the refractive layer velocity and delay time based on the common center point gather; obtaining the refractive layer velocity based on the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data using a pre-set interchange algorithm; obtaining the delay time at the shot-receiver point based on the first-arrival data and the refractive layer velocity; and constructing a near-surface model based on the delay time at the shot-receiver point, the refractive layer velocity, and the surface velocity at each measurement point to obtain the near-surface surface thickness. This method can improve the interpretation accuracy of the near-surface model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device for obtaining near-surface models. Background Technology

[0002] In seismic exploration, the constructed near-surface model directly impacts the imaging quality of the target area. Incorrect or coarse near-surface models can lead to problems such as discontinuous phase axes or incorrect structural morphology, affecting the final surface thickness obtained through processing and interpretation. Related techniques primarily utilize first-arrival data (IAR) to construct near-surface models based on refraction or tomography. However, since IAR data alone cannot accurately reflect the velocity and thickness of near-surface structures, the accuracy of processing and interpretation based on near-surface models is low. This results in inaccurate information on surface thickness and velocity obtained from near-surface structures, and may even affect the accuracy of subsequent deep-layer models. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device for obtaining near-surface models.

[0004] Specifically, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for obtaining a near-surface model is provided, the method comprising:

[0006] Based on the surface survey data of each survey point in the target area, initial arrival picking and velocity interpretation are performed to obtain the low-deceleration zone velocity of each survey point. Based on the low-deceleration zone velocity, interpolation is performed to obtain the surface velocity of each measurement point in the target area.

[0007] The pre-acquired first-arrival data of the gun is converted into a common center point gather, and the first-arrival gun-receiver distance range data for calculating the refraction layer velocity and delay time is obtained based on the common center point gather.

[0008] Using a pre-set interchange algorithm, the refraction layer velocity is obtained based on the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data;

[0009] Based on the gun's initial arrival data and the velocity of the refraction layer, the delay time of the gun detection point is obtained;

[0010] Based on the delay time of the shot receiver, the velocity of the refraction layer, and the surface velocity of each measurement point, a near-surface model is constructed to obtain the near-surface surface thickness.

[0011] Optionally, the step of performing interpolation based on the low deceleration zone velocity to obtain the surface velocity at each measurement point in the target area includes:

[0012] Select a target measurement point within the target area, and determine candidate survey points adjacent to the target measurement point;

[0013] The surface velocity of the target measurement point is obtained by interpolation calculation based on the low-speed-decreasing zone velocity of the candidate survey points.

[0014] Optionally, the step of obtaining the refraction layer velocity based on the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data using a pre-set interchange algorithm includes:

[0015] Based on the initial arrival shot-receiver distance range data, the initial arrival time difference between the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point, the delay time difference between the first shot point and the second shot point, and the distance difference between the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point are obtained.

[0016] Calculate the difference between the initial arrival time difference and the delay time difference;

[0017] The ratio of the distance difference to the difference value is obtained to determine the refractive layer velocity of the target detector point.

[0018] Optionally, obtaining the first arrival time difference from the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point includes:

[0019] Identify multiple candidate detectors adjacent to the target detector;

[0020] Obtain the first arrival time difference from the first and second shot points to the target receiver point;

[0021] For each candidate receiver point, obtain the second first arrival time difference from the first shot point and the second shot point to that candidate receiver point;

[0022] By fitting the first first arrival time difference and each of the second first arrival time differences, the first arrival time differences from the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point are obtained.

[0023] Optionally, constructing a near-surface model based on the delay time of the shot receiver, the refraction layer velocity, and the surface velocity at each measurement point includes:

[0024] The first variable is obtained by multiplying the delay time of the shot receiver point with the surface velocity corresponding to the receiver point in the shot receiver point;

[0025] Obtain the ratio of the surface velocity to the refraction layer velocity corresponding to the receiver point in the shot receiver point, perform an arcsine operation on the ratio to obtain the arcsine radian, calculate the cosine value of the arcsine radian, and obtain the second variable;

[0026] The near-surface model is constructed using the near-surface thickness corresponding to the receiver point in the shot-receiver point as the dependent variable, and the first and second variables as independent variables.

[0027] Optionally, obtaining the near-surface surface thickness includes:

[0028] Determine the near-surface sample points to be calculated, and obtain the receiver points to be calculated to which the sample points belong;

[0029] Obtain the first delay time of the shot-receiver point based on the receiver point to be calculated, and the first surface velocity and the first refraction layer velocity corresponding to the receiver point to be calculated.

[0030] Calculate the product of the first delay time and the first surface velocity to obtain the product to be calculated;

[0031] Calculate the quotient of the first velocity of the surface layer and the first velocity of the refractive layer, perform an arcsine operation on the quotient to obtain the radian to be calculated, and calculate the cosine of the radian to be calculated to obtain the cosine value to be calculated.

[0032] The quotient of the product to be calculated and the cosine value to be calculated is obtained to obtain the surface thickness of the sample point near the ground surface.

[0033] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0034] Based on the near-surface model, the delay time, refraction layer velocity, and surface velocity of each shot receiver point used to construct the near-surface model are meshed and smoothed to optimize the near-surface model.

[0035] The method for obtaining a near-surface model in this technical solution involves first-arrival picking and velocity interpretation based on surface survey data collected from various survey points in the target area. This yields the low-velocity zone velocity at each survey point, and interpolation is performed based on this low-velocity zone velocity to obtain the surface velocity at each measurement point in the target area. Pre-acquired first-arrival data is converted to a common center point gather. First-arrival shot-receiver distance range data for calculating the refraction layer velocity and delay time are obtained from this common center point gather. A pre-set interchange algorithm is used to obtain the refraction layer velocity based on the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data. The delay time at the shot-receiver point is obtained based on the first-arrival data and the refraction layer velocity. Finally, a near-surface model is constructed based on the delay time at the shot-receiver point, the refraction layer velocity, and the surface velocity at each measurement point to obtain the near-surface thickness. This joint modeling using surface survey data and first-arrival data effectively improves the modeling accuracy, thereby enhancing the interpretation accuracy of the resulting near-surface model.

[0036] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for acquiring a near-surface model is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0037] The surface data interpretation module is used to perform initial arrival picking and velocity interpretation based on the surface survey data of each survey point in the target area, obtain the low-deceleration zone velocity of each survey point, and perform interpolation calculation based on the low-deceleration zone velocity to obtain the surface velocity of each measurement point in the target area.

[0038] The first arrival data filtering module is used to convert the pre-acquired first arrival data of the gun into a common center point gather, and to obtain the first arrival gun-receiver distance range data for calculating the refraction layer velocity and delay time based on the common center point gather;

[0039] The refraction layer velocity acquisition module is used to acquire the refraction layer velocity based on the first arrival shot-receiver distance range data using a pre-set interchange algorithm.

[0040] The delay time acquisition module is used to acquire the delay time of the gun detection point based on the gun's initial arrival data and the velocity of the refraction layer.

[0041] The fusion model construction module is used to construct a near-surface model to obtain the near-surface surface thickness based on the delay time of the shot receiver, the velocity of the refraction layer, and the surface velocity of each measurement point.

[0042] According to a third aspect of the invention, a storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for obtaining a near-surface model in any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0043] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method for obtaining a near-surface model in any possible implementation of the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0046] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining a near-surface model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram illustrating the collection of surface survey data in a method for obtaining a near-surface model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a time-distance diagram illustrating a method for obtaining a near-surface model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of refractive layer velocity in a method for obtaining a near-surface model according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the refractive layer velocity plane calculated in a method for obtaining a near-surface model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the time delay calculated in a method for obtaining a near-surface model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a near-surface model in a method for obtaining a near-surface model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a device for acquiring a near-surface model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] In related technologies, the accuracy of the velocity and thickness of shallow surface structures obtained by processing and interpreting near-surface models constructed using refraction or tomography modeling methods based on artillery first-arrival data is relatively low.

[0057] In this embodiment, surface survey data provides precise velocity variation information at survey points. Therefore, a near-surface model is constructed by combining surface survey data and first-arrival (FA) data. Specifically, accurate low-velocity zone interpolation is performed using surface survey data, and deep seismic information from the FAR data is used to calculate the refracted layer velocity and delay time at the shot receiver point using the basic refraction equation. The thickness of the low-velocity zone at each near-surface point is then jointly calculated. Since the refracted layer velocity is calculated from multiple channels in different directions, the influence of topographic relief can be eliminated, resulting in more accurate calculations. Furthermore, combining surface survey data from surface survey points with deep seismic information from FAR data enables optimized data fusion, effectively improving modeling accuracy and consequently enhancing the accuracy of the velocity analysis of shallow surface structures. This addresses the insufficient accuracy of near-surface models built using single FAR data, meeting the requirements of subsequent seismic data overlay and migration imaging, and better adapting to the near-surface velocity modeling needs of complex structures. This method combines surface survey data with FAR data for near-surface velocity modeling.

[0058] See Figure 1 This invention provides a method for obtaining a near-surface model, which may include the following steps:

[0059] S101. Based on the surface survey data of each survey point in the target area, perform initial arrival picking and velocity interpretation to obtain the low-deceleration zone velocity of each survey point. Based on the low-deceleration zone velocity, perform interpolation calculation to obtain the surface velocity of each measurement point in the target area.

[0060] In this embodiment, surface survey data is collected at each survey point within the target area. Based on the collected surface survey data, initial arrival picking and velocity interpretation are performed to obtain the low-velocity zone velocity corresponding to each survey point. Based on the low-velocity zone velocities of adjacent survey points, interpolation is performed to obtain the surface velocity of the measurement points between adjacent survey points. As an optional embodiment, the surface survey data includes small-refractive field surface survey data and micro-logging surface survey data. Initial arrival picking and velocity interpretation are performed on the surface survey data to obtain the surface velocity and thickness variation information of different layers corresponding to each survey point within the target area.

[0061] In this embodiment, the surface velocity at the measurement point is the velocity of the low-speed-decreasing zone at that measurement point.

[0062] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, interpolation is performed based on the speed of the low-speed-deceleration zone to obtain the surface velocity of each measurement point in the target area, including:

[0063] Select a target measurement point within the target area, and determine candidate survey points adjacent to the target measurement point;

[0064] The surface velocity of the target measurement point is obtained by interpolation calculation based on the low-speed-decreasing zone velocity of the candidate survey points.

[0065] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the candidate survey points include two or more survey points.

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the collection of surface survey data in a method for obtaining a near-surface model according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, multiple survey points are set up within the target area. Each survey point corresponds to the collection of surface survey data. The survey points (surface survey data) are represented by green triangles. Measurement points between adjacent survey points include, but are not limited to, shot points and receiver points. In this embodiment, the measurement points are receiver points, represented by red dots in the figure. As an optional embodiment, by performing first arrival picking and velocity interpretation on the surface survey data, the high-velocity layer velocity, low-velocity zone velocity, and high-velocity layer velocity can also be obtained, collectively referred to as layer velocity. In this embodiment, by interpreting the surface survey data of the target area (surface survey data of each survey point), the low-velocity zone velocity, low-velocity zone thickness, and high-velocity layer velocity of the target area (each survey point) can be obtained.

[0067] In this embodiment, due to the continuity and inheritance of modern sedimentation, there is a certain similarity between the surface and shallow layers. By using this characteristic, the interpretation results of the surface survey data of the target area can be interpolated to obtain information such as the surface velocity and surface thickness at each measurement point.

[0068] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the interpolation operation is based on the similarity coefficient. By using the similarity coefficient interpolation operation, the interpolation results can be improved by analyzing the possible impact of terrain on the data, thereby better meeting the interpolation requirements of complex terrain.

[0069] S102. Convert the pre-acquired first-arrival data of the gun to a common center point gather, and obtain the first-arrival gun-receiver distance range data for calculating the refraction layer velocity and delay time based on the common center point gather.

[0070] In this embodiment, the common center point gather is a time-distance map of the common center point domain. On the time-distance map of the common center point domain, the first arrival data of the gun is refracted and layered to obtain the first arrival gun-receiver distance range data used to calculate the refracted layer velocity and delay time. Thus, the refracted layer velocity and delay time can be obtained using the first arrival gun-receiver distance range data.

[0071] Figure 3 This is a time-distance diagram illustrating a method for obtaining a near-surface model provided in an embodiment of the present invention. (See diagram below.) Figure 3As shown in the figure, the first-arrival data of the gun is subjected to refraction layering on the time-distance map in the common center point domain to obtain the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data. For example, after the first-arrival data of the gun is gridded, it is converted to a common center point gather. On the first-arrival time-distance map corresponding to the common center point gather, the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range used to calculate the refraction layer velocity and delay time is selected based on the first-arrival trend interaction. The corresponding first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data is obtained based on the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range, where the first-arrival trend is velocity, and the velocities are required to be basically consistent and cannot contain multiple velocity trends. As an optional embodiment, the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range is determined according to the coverage area of ​​the near-surface model to be constructed.

[0072] S103. Using a pre-set interchange algorithm, obtain the refraction layer velocity based on the first arrival shot-receiver distance range data;

[0073] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, the refraction layer velocity is obtained based on the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data using a pre-set interchange algorithm, including:

[0074] Based on the initial arrival shot-receiver distance range data, the initial arrival time difference between the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point, the delay time difference between the first shot point and the second shot point, and the distance difference between the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point are obtained.

[0075] Calculate the difference between the initial arrival time difference and the delay time difference;

[0076] The ratio of the distance difference to the difference value is obtained to determine the refractive layer velocity of the target detector point.

[0077] In this embodiment, the refraction layer velocity is calculated using the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data obtained by refraction layering through a swap algorithm. As an optional embodiment, the refraction layer velocity is calculated using the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] Where, ΔT i T represents the first arrival time difference between the first and second shot points and the target receiver point. A T is the delay time for the first shot. B For the delay time of the second firing point, (T) A -T B ) represents the time delay difference between the first and second shot points, which can be obtained from the initial arrival shot-receiver distance range data, ΔX i V1 represents the distance difference between the first shot point (A), the second shot point (B), and the target receiver point (i), and V1 represents the refractive layer velocity at the target receiver point.

[0080] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, obtaining the first arrival time difference from the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point includes:

[0081] Identify multiple candidate detectors adjacent to the target detector;

[0082] Obtain the first arrival time difference from the first and second shot points to the target receiver point;

[0083] For each candidate receiver point, obtain the second first arrival time difference from the first shot point and the second shot point to that candidate receiver point;

[0084] By fitting the first first arrival time difference and each of the second first arrival time differences, the first arrival time differences from the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point are obtained.

[0085] In this embodiment, the refraction layer velocity is solved by the interchange algorithm. It can be obtained by fitting the data of the first arrival time difference and distance difference from the shot point A and B to multiple receiver points. That is, multiple linear equations are established and fitted by using the first arrival time difference and distance difference from the shot point A and B to multiple receiver points. The refraction layer velocity can be obtained by the slope, which can effectively eliminate the influence of terrain undulation and make the calculated refraction layer velocity more accurate.

[0086] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of refractive layer velocity in a method for obtaining a near-surface model according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0087] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the refractive layer velocity plane calculated in a method for obtaining a near-surface model provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the refracted wave paths from shot points A and B to receiver points D1-D5. The refracted layer velocity is calculated based on the first arrival time difference and distance difference between shot points A and B and the same receiver point (Di). Since ΔX and ΔT are calculated from multiple channels (shot and receiver points) in different directions, the influence of terrain undulations can be eliminated, resulting in more accurate calculations.

[0088] S104. Based on the gun's initial arrival data and the velocity of the refraction layer, obtain the delay time of the gun detector.

[0089] In this embodiment, for each initial arrival data of the cannon, the delay time of the gun receiver is calculated according to the basic refraction equation:

[0090]

[0091] In this embodiment, a system of linear equations is constructed using first-arrival data from multiple guns, and the delay time at the gun receiver can be calculated using the Gauss-Seidel iterative method. Wherein, T... AD Let AD be the first arrival time of the seismic wave received from the target geophone point (D) to the shot point (A), i.e., the time when the first shot point generates the seismic wave. Let AD be the distance from the geophone point (D) to the shot point (A), i.e., the distance between the shot point and the receiver point. Let T be the first arrival time of the seismic wave received from the target geophone point (D) to the shot point (A).A T is the delay time of the firing point. D V0 is the delay time at the receiver point, and V1 is the velocity of the refraction layer. The delay time at the shot point and the delay time at the receiver point are collectively referred to as the shot-receiver delay time.

[0092] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the time delay calculated in a method for obtaining a near-surface model provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, a system of linear equations is constructed based on the basic refraction equation, and the delay time of all shot-receiver points is obtained using the Gauss-Seidel iterative method.

[0093] S105. Based on the delay time of the shot receiver, the velocity of the refraction layer, and the surface velocity of each measurement point, construct a near-surface model to obtain the near-surface surface thickness.

[0094] In this embodiment, after obtaining the delay time of each shot receiver, a near-surface model is established by combining the refraction layer velocity and the surface velocity.

[0095] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, a near-surface model is constructed based on the delay time of the shot receiver, the refraction layer velocity, and the surface velocity of each measurement point, including:

[0096] The first variable is obtained by multiplying the delay time of the shot receiver point with the surface velocity corresponding to the receiver point in the shot receiver point;

[0097] Obtain the ratio of the surface velocity to the refraction layer velocity corresponding to the receiver point in the shot receiver point, perform an arcsine operation on the ratio to obtain the arcsine radian, calculate the cosine value of the arcsine radian, and obtain the second variable;

[0098] The near-surface model is constructed using the near-surface thickness corresponding to the receiver point in the shot-receiver point as the dependent variable, and the first and second variables as independent variables.

[0099] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, obtaining the near-surface surface thickness includes:

[0100] Determine the near-surface sample points to be calculated, and obtain the receiver points to be calculated to which the sample points belong;

[0101] Obtain the first delay time of the shot-receiver point based on the receiver point to be calculated, and the first surface velocity and the first refraction layer velocity corresponding to the receiver point to be calculated.

[0102] Calculate the product of the first delay time and the first surface velocity to obtain the product to be calculated;

[0103] Calculate the quotient of the first velocity of the surface layer and the first velocity of the refractive layer, perform an arcsine operation on the quotient to obtain the radian to be calculated, and calculate the cosine of the radian to be calculated to obtain the cosine value to be calculated.

[0104] The quotient of the product to be calculated and the cosine value to be calculated is obtained to obtain the surface thickness of the sample point near the ground surface.

[0105] In this embodiment, a near-surface model is constructed based on surface velocity and the delay time and refraction layer velocity of all shot receivers. As an optional embodiment, the formula for calculating the surface thickness of each shot receiver using the near-surface model is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] Where H0 is the low velocity reduction zone thickness of the receiver point in the shot receiver point, that is, the surface thickness of the receiver point (the sample point to be calculated) near the ground surface, also known as the surface thickness of the shot receiver point, T is the delay time of the shot receiver point, V0 is the surface velocity of the receiver point, and V1 is the refractive layer velocity, that is, the refractive layer velocity corresponding to the receiver point.

[0108] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the method further includes:

[0109] Based on the near-surface model, the delay time, refraction layer velocity, and surface velocity of each shot receiver point used to construct the near-surface model are meshed and smoothed to optimize the near-surface model.

[0110] In this embodiment, in addition to optimizing the near-surface model, the calculated surface velocity information, thickness information, and refraction layer velocity of all shot-receiver points can be meshed and smoothed to output model data for subsequent processing. The smoothing process can involve interpolation after meshing.

[0111] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a near-surface model in a method for obtaining a near-surface model provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the calculated surface velocity, surface thickness, and refractive layer velocity at each point are gridded and smoothed to obtain a near-surface model.

[0112] In this embodiment, surface survey point data in the surface survey data can provide information about the surface or near the surface, while first-arrival data can provide deeper information about the underground structure. Thus, by using surface survey data and first-arrival data for joint modeling, the errors and limitations that may be caused by a single data source can be effectively reduced. At the same time, the advantages of multiple data sources can be utilized to adapt to the modeling needs of complex structures.

[0113] In this embodiment, as seismic exploration gradually shifts towards complex areas and pre-stack depth-saving techniques develop, higher requirements are placed on the accuracy of velocity modeling. By using surface survey data for accurate low-velocity zone interpolation, and using the basic refraction equation to obtain the refraction layer velocity and delay time at the shot receiver, and jointly solving for the low-velocity zone thickness at each point, the errors and limitations caused by relying on a single data source can be effectively reduced. This approach better adapts to the modeling needs of complex structures and has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0114] (1) The velocity of the refraction layer is calculated from multiple channels in different directions, thus eliminating the influence of topographic undulations and making the calculation results more accurate.

[0115] (2) By combining detailed surface data from joint surface survey points with deep seismic information from initial artillery strikes, the data can be optimized and integrated, which can effectively improve the accuracy of modeling, improve the efficiency of data utilization and the accuracy of results, provide a new solution for exploration speed modeling in complex areas, and reduce the risks of exploration and development.

[0116] Based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides an apparatus for obtaining a near-surface model, the apparatus comprising:

[0117] The surface data interpretation module 801 is used to perform initial arrival picking and velocity interpretation based on the surface survey data of each survey point in the target area, obtain the low-deceleration zone velocity of each survey point, and perform interpolation calculation based on the low-deceleration zone velocity to obtain the surface velocity of each measurement point in the target area.

[0118] In this embodiment, the surface velocity at the measurement point is the velocity of the low-speed-decreasing zone at that measurement point.

[0119] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the surface data interpretation module 801 is specifically used for:

[0120] Select a target measurement point within the target area, and determine candidate survey points adjacent to the target measurement point;

[0121] The surface velocity of the target measurement point is obtained by interpolation calculation based on the low-speed-decreasing zone velocity of the candidate survey points.

[0122] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the candidate survey points include two or more survey points.

[0123] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the interpolation operation is based on the similarity coefficient.

[0124] The first arrival data filtering module 802 is used to convert the pre-acquired first arrival data of the gun into a common center point gather, and obtain the first arrival gun-receiver distance range data for calculating the refraction layer velocity and delay time based on the common center point gather;

[0125] In this embodiment, the common center point gather is a time-distance map of the common center point domain. On the time-distance map of the common center point domain, the first arrival data of the gun is refracted and layered to obtain the first arrival gun-receiver distance range data used to calculate the refracted layer velocity and delay time.

[0126] The refraction layer velocity acquisition module 803 is used to acquire the refraction layer velocity based on the first arrival shot-receiver distance range data using a pre-set interchange algorithm.

[0127] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the refractive layer velocity acquisition module 803 is specifically used for:

[0128] Based on the initial arrival shot-receiver distance range data, the initial arrival time difference between the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point, the delay time difference between the first shot point and the second shot point, and the distance difference between the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point are obtained.

[0129] Calculate the difference between the initial arrival time difference and the delay time difference;

[0130] The ratio of the distance difference to the difference value is obtained to determine the refractive layer velocity of the target detector point.

[0131] In this embodiment, as an optional implementation, obtaining the first arrival time difference from the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point includes:

[0132] Identify multiple candidate detectors adjacent to the target detector;

[0133] Obtain the first arrival time difference from the first and second shot points to the target receiver point;

[0134] For each candidate receiver point, obtain the second first arrival time difference from the first shot point and the second shot point to that candidate receiver point;

[0135] By fitting the first first arrival time difference and each of the second first arrival time differences, the first arrival time differences from the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point are obtained.

[0136] The delay time acquisition module 804 is used to acquire the delay time of the gun detection point based on the gun's initial arrival data and the velocity of the refraction layer.

[0137] In this embodiment, for each initial arrival data of the cannon, the delay time of the gun receiver is calculated according to the basic refraction equation:

[0138]

[0139] The fusion model construction module 805 is used to construct a near-surface model to obtain the near-surface surface thickness based on the delay time of the shot receiver, the velocity of the refraction layer, and the surface velocity of each measurement point.

[0140] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the fusion model construction module 805 is specifically used for:

[0141] The first variable is obtained by multiplying the delay time of the shot receiver point with the surface velocity corresponding to the receiver point in the shot receiver point;

[0142] Obtain the ratio of the surface velocity to the refraction layer velocity corresponding to the receiver point in the shot receiver point, perform an arcsine operation on the ratio to obtain the arcsine radian, calculate the cosine value of the arcsine radian, and obtain the second variable;

[0143] The near-surface model is constructed using the near-surface thickness corresponding to the receiver point in the shot-receiver point as the dependent variable, and the first and second variables as independent variables.

[0144] In this embodiment, as another optional embodiment, the fusion model construction module 805 is further used for:

[0145] Determine the near-surface sample points to be calculated, and obtain the receiver points to be calculated to which the sample points belong;

[0146] Obtain the first delay time of the shot-receiver point based on the receiver point to be calculated, and the first surface velocity and the first refraction layer velocity corresponding to the receiver point to be calculated.

[0147] Calculate the product of the first delay time and the first surface velocity to obtain the product to be calculated;

[0148] Calculate the quotient of the first velocity of the surface layer and the first velocity of the refractive layer, perform an arcsine operation on the quotient to obtain the radian to be calculated, and calculate the cosine of the radian to be calculated to obtain the cosine value to be calculated.

[0149] The quotient of the product to be calculated and the cosine value to be calculated is obtained to obtain the surface thickness of the sample point near the ground surface.

[0150] In this embodiment, as another optional embodiment, the fusion model construction module 805 is further used for:

[0151] Based on the near-surface model, the delay time, refraction layer velocity, and surface velocity of each shot receiver point used to construct the near-surface model are meshed and smoothed to optimize the near-surface model.

[0152] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for obtaining a near-surface model in any of the above possible implementations.

[0153] Alternatively, the storage medium may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as a ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device.

[0154] Based on the same inventive concept, see [link to inventive concept] Figure 9 This invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory 101 (e.g., non-volatile memory), a processor 102, and a computer program stored on the memory 101 and executable on the processor 102. When the processor 102 executes the program, it implements the steps of the method for obtaining a near-surface model in any of the above possible implementations, which can be equivalent to the aforementioned device for obtaining a near-surface model. Of course, the processor can also be used to process other data or perform calculations. This electronic device can be a PC, server, terminal, or other similar device.

[0155] like Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device may also include: memory 103, network interface 104, and internal bus 105. In addition to these components, other hardware may also be included, which will not be described in detail here.

[0156] It should be noted that the device for obtaining near-surface models described above can be implemented by software. As a logical device, it is formed by the processor 102 of the electronic device in which it is located reading the computer program instructions stored in the non-volatile memory into the memory 103 for execution.

[0157] The embodiments of the subject matter and functional operation described in this specification can be implemented in the following ways: digital electronic circuits, tangibly embodied computer software or firmware, computer hardware including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or combinations thereof. Embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a tangible, non-transitory program carrier for execution by a data processing apparatus or for controlling the operation of a data processing apparatus. Alternatively or additionally, the program instructions may be encoded on artificially generated propagation signals, such as machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signals, which are generated to encode information and transmit it to a suitable receiving device for execution by the data processing apparatus. The computer storage medium may be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory device, or combinations thereof.

[0158] The processing and logic flow described in this specification can be executed by one or more programmable computers that execute one or more computer programs to perform corresponding functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processing and logic flow can also be executed by special-purpose logic circuitry—such as FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) or ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), and the device can also be implemented as special-purpose logic circuitry.

[0159] Suitable computers for executing computer programs include, for example, general-purpose and / or special-purpose microprocessors, or any other type of central processing unit. Typically, the central processing unit receives instructions and data from read-only memory and / or random access memory. The basic components of a computer include a central processing unit for implementing or executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Typically, a computer will also include one or more mass storage devices for storing data, such as disks, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks, or the computer will be operatively coupled to such mass storage devices to receive data from or transfer data to them, or both. However, a computer is not required to have such devices. Furthermore, a computer can be embedded in another device, such as a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile audio or video player, a game console, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, or a portable storage device such as a universal serial bus (USB) flash drive, to name a few.

[0160] Computer-readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media, and memory devices, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices), magnetic disks (e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks), magneto-optical disks, and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. Processors and memory may be supplemented by or incorporated into dedicated logic circuitry.

[0161] While this specification contains numerous specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of any invention or the scope of the claims, but rather are primarily used to describe features of specific embodiments of a particular invention. Certain features described in the various embodiments herein may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in a single embodiment may also be implemented separately in various embodiments or in any suitable sub-combination. Furthermore, while features may function in certain combinations as described above and even initially claimed in this way, one or more features from a claimed combination may be removed from that combination in some cases, and a claimed combination may refer to a sub-combination or a variation thereof.

[0162] Similarly, although the operations are depicted in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as requiring these operations to be performed in the specific order shown or sequentially, or requiring all illustrated operations to be performed to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Furthermore, the separation of various system modules and components in the above embodiments should not be construed as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

[0163] Thus, specific embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims may be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings are not necessarily shown in a specific order or sequence to achieve the desired result. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

[0164] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0165] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining a near-surface model, characterized in that, include: Based on the surface survey data of each survey point in the target area, initial arrival picking and velocity interpretation are performed to obtain the low-deceleration zone velocity of each survey point. Based on the low-deceleration zone velocity, interpolation is performed to obtain the surface velocity of each measurement point in the target area. The pre-acquired first-arrival data of the gun is converted into a common center point gather, and the first-arrival gun-receiver distance range data for calculating the refraction layer velocity and delay time is obtained based on the common center point gather. Using a pre-set interchange algorithm, the refraction layer velocity is obtained based on the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data; Based on the gun's initial arrival data and the velocity of the refraction layer, the delay time of the gun detection point is obtained; Based on the delay time of the shot receiver, the velocity of the refraction layer, and the surface velocity of each measurement point, a near-surface model is constructed to obtain the near-surface surface thickness.

2. The method for obtaining a near-surface model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of interpolating based on the low-deceleration zone velocity to obtain the surface velocity at each measurement point in the target area includes: Select a target measurement point within the target area, and determine candidate survey points adjacent to the target measurement point; The surface velocity of the target measurement point is obtained by interpolation calculation based on the low-speed-decreasing zone velocity of the candidate survey points.

3. The method for obtaining a near-surface model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the refraction layer velocity based on the first-arrival shot-receiver distance range data using a pre-set interchange algorithm includes: Based on the initial arrival shot-receiver distance range data, the initial arrival time difference between the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point, the delay time difference between the first shot point and the second shot point, and the distance difference between the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point are obtained. Calculate the difference between the initial arrival time difference and the delay time difference; The ratio of the distance difference to the difference value is obtained to determine the refractive layer velocity of the target detector point.

4. The method for obtaining a near-surface model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The acquisition of the first arrival time difference from the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point includes: Identify multiple candidate detector points adjacent to the target detector point; Obtain the first arrival time difference from the first and second shot points to the target receiver point; For each candidate receiver point, obtain the second first arrival time difference from the first shot point and the second shot point to that candidate receiver point; By fitting the first first arrival time difference and each of the second first arrival time differences, the first arrival time differences from the first shot point and the second shot point to the target receiver point are obtained.

5. The method for obtaining a near-surface model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The near-surface model is constructed based on the delay time of the shot receiver, the refraction layer velocity, and the surface velocity at each measurement point, including: The first variable is obtained by multiplying the delay time of the shot receiver point with the surface velocity corresponding to the receiver point in the shot receiver point; Obtain the ratio of the surface velocity to the refraction layer velocity corresponding to the receiver point in the shot receiver point, perform an arcsine operation on the ratio to obtain the arcsine radian, calculate the cosine value of the arcsine radian, and obtain the second variable; The near-surface model is constructed using the near-surface thickness corresponding to the receiver point in the shot-receiver point as the dependent variable, and the first and second variables as independent variables.

6. The method for obtaining a near-surface model according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the near-surface surface thickness includes: Determine the near-surface sample points to be calculated, and obtain the receiver points to be calculated to which the sample points belong; Obtain the first delay time of the shot-receiver point based on the receiver point to be calculated, and the first surface velocity and the first refraction layer velocity corresponding to the receiver point to be calculated. Calculate the product of the first delay time and the first surface velocity to obtain the product to be calculated; Calculate the quotient of the first velocity of the surface layer and the first velocity of the refractive layer, perform an arcsine operation on the quotient to obtain the radian to be calculated, and calculate the cosine of the radian to be calculated to obtain the cosine value to be calculated. The quotient of the product to be calculated and the cosine value to be calculated is obtained to obtain the surface thickness of the sample point near the ground surface.

7. The method for obtaining a near-surface model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the near-surface model, the delay time, refraction layer velocity, and surface velocity of each shot receiver point used to construct the near-surface model are meshed and smoothed to optimize the near-surface model.

8. An apparatus for acquiring a near-surface model, characterized in that, The apparatus for acquiring the near-surface model includes: The surface data interpretation module is used to perform initial arrival picking and velocity interpretation based on the surface survey data of each survey point in the target area, obtain the low-deceleration zone velocity of each survey point, and perform interpolation calculation based on the low-deceleration zone velocity to obtain the surface velocity of each measurement point in the target area. The first arrival data filtering module is used to convert the pre-acquired first arrival data of the gun into a common center point gather, and to obtain the first arrival gun-receiver distance range data for calculating the refraction layer velocity and delay time based on the common center point gather; The refraction layer velocity acquisition module is used to acquire the refraction layer velocity based on the first arrival shot-receiver distance range data using a pre-set interchange algorithm. The delay time acquisition module is used to acquire the delay time of the gun detection point based on the gun's initial arrival data and the velocity of the refraction layer. The fusion model construction module is used to construct a near-surface model to obtain the near-surface surface thickness based on the delay time of the shot receiver, the velocity of the refraction layer, and the surface velocity of each measurement point.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a program or instructions, which are executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method for obtaining a near-surface model as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the method for obtaining a near-surface model as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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