Electronic paper and display device

Abstract

An electronic paper and display device are disclosed, wherein a second electrode is located along a first direction on the side of a plurality of first electrodes facing away from a first substrate, the second electrode being spaced apart from the plurality of first electrodes, and the second electrode generating a driving electric field with the corresponding first electrode; a temperature-sensitive module is located between the second electrode and the first electrode, the orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module in the first direction at least partially overlapping the orthographic projection of the first electrode in the first direction; the temperature-sensitive module generates a compensation electric field with the first electrode when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a first preset temperature, the compensation electric field being in the same direction as the driving electric field, and the intensity of the compensation electric field being negatively correlated with the ambient temperature; a microcapsule is located between the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode, the microcapsule comprising a shell, a transparent liquid, and a plurality of electrophoretic particles, the plurality of electrophoretic particles and the transparent liquid being contained within the shell, the transparent liquid coating the plurality of electrophoretic particles, and the viscosity of the transparent liquid being negatively correlated with the ambient temperature, thereby improving the problem of abnormal electronic paper display at low temperatures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of display technology, and more specifically to an electronic paper and display device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, electronic paper displays, as an important branch of reflective display technology, have been widely used in various industries. Electronic paper displays, with microcapsule electronic ink at their core, rely on the electrophoretic movement of charged electrophoretic particles within the microcapsules for their display. However, in low-temperature environments, the viscosity of the oil phase medium in electronic paper displays increases dramatically, significantly increasing the resistance experienced by the electrophoretic particles. This results in a marked decrease in their migration speed in the electric field, leading to a significant extension of the response time when the screen performs global or partial updates. Consequently, incomplete image refresh, ghosting, and other display abnormalities occur. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electronic paper and display device that improves the problem of abnormal electronic paper display at low temperatures.

[0004] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the following technical solution is provided: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an electronic paper comprising a first substrate, a plurality of first electrodes, a second electrode, a temperature-sensitive module, and a microcapsule. The plurality of first electrodes are spaced apart on the surface of the first substrate. A second electrode is disposed along a first direction on the side of the plurality of first electrodes facing away from the first substrate, with the second electrode and the plurality of first electrodes spaced apart. The second electrode generates a driving electric field with its corresponding first electrode. The temperature-sensitive module is disposed between the second electrode and the first electrode. The orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module in the first direction at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode in the first direction. The temperature-sensitive module is used to generate a compensation electric field with the first electrode when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a first preset temperature. The compensation electric field has the same direction as the driving electric field, and the intensity of the compensation electric field is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. The microcapsule is disposed between the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode. The microcapsule includes a shell, a transparent liquid, and a plurality of electrophoretic particles. The plurality of electrophoretic particles and the transparent liquid are contained within the shell. The transparent liquid coats the plurality of electrophoretic particles, and the viscosity of the transparent liquid is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature.

[0005] A driving electric field is formed between the first and second electrodes, causing the electrophoretic particles inside the microcapsule to move. When the ambient temperature decreases, the viscosity of the transparent liquid increases, increasing the resistance to the movement of the electrophoretic particles. However, when the ambient temperature is below or equal to the first preset temperature, a compensation electric field is formed between the first electrode and the temperature-sensitive module because the orthogonal projection of the temperature-sensitive module in the first direction at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the first electrode in the first direction. The strength of the compensation electric field is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. At the same time, the compensation electric field and the driving electric field are in the same direction, and the compensation electric field can form a positive superposition with the driving electric field to compensate for the driving electric field and provide additional driving force for the movement of the electrophoretic particles. The strength of the compensation electric field is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature decreases, it can adaptively offset the resistance to the migration of electrophoretic particles caused by the increased viscosity of the transparent liquid. The at least partial overlap between the projection of the temperature-sensitive module and the microcapsule ensures that the compensation electric field can directly act on the electrophoretic particles inside the microcapsule, ensuring the movement speed of the electrophoretic particles in the low-temperature environment and avoiding abnormal display.

[0006] In one possible example, the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode, the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the second electrode, and the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the second electrode is opposite to the polarity of the second electrode.

[0007] By setting the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode to be opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode, a compensation electric field is formed between the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode. The polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the second electrode, and the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the second electrode is opposite to the polarity of the second electrode, so that the direction of the compensation electric field is the same as that of the driving electric field.

[0008] In one possible example, the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode, and the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the second electrode, and the voltage of the second electrode is zero.

[0009] By setting the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode to be opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode, a compensation electric field is formed between the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode. The polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the second electrode, and the voltage of the second electrode is zero, so that the direction of the compensation electric field is the same as that of the driving electric field.

[0010] In one possible example, the first electrode and the second electrode have a first distance A1 in the first direction, and the temperature-sensitive module has a second distance A2 in the first direction, satisfying: 1 / 2≤A2 / A1≤5 / 6.

[0011] By setting the ratio of A2 / A1 between 1 / 2 and 5 / 6, we can avoid the problem that the space for setting microcapsules is too small due to the ratio of A2 / A1 being too small, and also avoid the problem that the distance between the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode is too large due to the ratio of A2 / A1 being too large, resulting in a weak electric field between the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode.

[0012] In one possible example, the orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module in the first direction lies within the orthographic projection of the corresponding first electrode in the first direction, and the orthographic projection of the microcapsule in the first direction lies within the orthographic projection of the first electrode in the first direction.

[0013] By setting the temperature-sensitive module, microcapsule, and first electrode to be sequentially opposite each other in the first direction, the orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module in the first direction is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding first electrode in the first direction, and the orthographic projection of the microcapsule in the first direction is located within the orthographic projection of the first electrode in the first direction, so that the compensation electric field generated by the temperature-sensitive module can act entirely on the electrophoretic particles in the microcapsule along the first direction, and prevent the electrophoretic particles in the microcapsule from exceeding the compensation electric field formed between the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode.

[0014] In one possible example, the temperature-sensitive module is parallel to both the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0015] By setting the temperature-sensitive module to be parallel to both the first and second electrodes, the intensity of the driving electric field formed between the first and second electrodes is made uniform, and the intensity of the compensation electric field formed between the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode is also made uniform.

[0016] In one possible example, one end of the microcapsule in the first direction is connected to the temperature-sensitive module, and the other end of the microcapsule in the first direction is connected to the first electrode.

[0017] By connecting the two ends of the microcapsule to the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode respectively, the microcapsule can be precisely positioned and fixed between the corresponding first electrode and the temperature-sensitive module, avoiding displacement or shift of the microcapsule and ensuring that the microcapsule is precisely aligned with the corresponding first electrode and temperature-sensitive module. At the same time, the microcapsule is directly connected to the structures on both sides, which can eliminate the electric field attenuation caused by the intermediate air layer or dielectric layer.

[0018] In one possible example, there are multiple temperature-sensitive modules, which are equally spaced along a second direction or a third direction. The polarities of two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules are the same or opposite, and both the second direction and the third direction intersect with the first direction.

[0019] By setting multiple temperature-sensitive modules at equal intervals along the second or third direction, the compensation electric field formed between each temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode is uniformly distributed. The polarities of two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules are the same or opposite, so the direction of the electric field formed between them and the first electrode can be flexibly adjusted, thereby improving the flexibility of electrophoretic particle movement.

[0020] In one possible example, the electronic paper further includes a first buffer and a second buffer, the first buffer being disposed between two adjacent first electrodes, and the second buffer being disposed between two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules, the first buffer and the second buffer being disposed opposite to and spaced apart in the first direction.

[0021] By setting up first and second buffers located between adjacent first electrodes and adjacent temperature-sensitive modules, relative displacement between multiple first electrodes and multiple temperature-sensitive modules is avoided, protecting the first electrodes and temperature-sensitive modules from damage. In addition, the compensation electric field between the first electrode and the corresponding temperature-sensitive module is also prevented from shifting.

[0022] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a display device, including a timing controller and electronic paper as described in the first aspect or any embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the timing controller is electrically connected to the electronic paper and is used to transmit display signals to the electronic paper. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of electronic paper; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of an embodiment of electronic paper; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of electronic paper according to one embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the electric field in electronic paper according to one embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the electric field in electronic paper according to one embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device according to one embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the third structure of electronic paper according to one embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of an embodiment of electronic paper.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10-First substrate, 11-First electrode, 12-Second electrode, 13-Thermosensitive module, 14-Microcapsule, 141-Shell, 142-Electrophoretic particles, 15-Second buffer, 16-Backlight, 17-Photosensitive response film, 701-Display device, 702-Timing controller, 703-Electronic paper. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used in this invention includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0027] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0028] Currently, the electronic paper 703 display, which uses microcapsule 14 electronic ink as its core, relies on the electrophoretic movement of charged electrophoretic particles 142 within the microcapsule 14 to display images. However, in low-temperature environments (e.g., below 0 degrees Celsius), the viscosity of the oil phase medium in the electronic paper 703 display increases, and the resistance encountered by the electrophoretic particles 142 in the electronic paper 703 display increases significantly. This leads to a significant decrease in the migration speed of the electrophoretic particles 142 in the electric field. As a result, when the screen performs global or partial updates, the response time is significantly prolonged, resulting in incomplete image refresh, residual ghosting, and abnormal display images.

[0029] For the above issues, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a partial cross-sectional view of an electronic paper 703 provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic paper 703 includes a first substrate 10, a plurality of first electrodes 11, a second electrode 12, and a temperature-sensitive module 13. The plurality of first electrodes 11 are spaced apart on the surface of the first substrate 10. The second electrodes 12 are disposed along a first direction on the side of the plurality of first electrodes 11 facing away from the first substrate 10. The second electrodes 12 and the plurality of first electrodes 11 are spaced apart, and the second electrodes 12 generate a driving electric field with the corresponding first electrodes 11. The temperature-sensitive module 13 is disposed between the second electrodes 12 and the first electrodes 11. The orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module 13 in the first direction is perpendicular to the first electrode 11. The orthogonal projections in the direction at least partially overlap. The temperature-sensitive module 13 is used to generate a compensation electric field when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a first preset temperature. The direction of the compensation electric field is the same as that of the driving electric field. The strength of the compensation electric field is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. The microcapsule 14 is disposed between the temperature-sensitive module 13 and the first electrode 11. The microcapsule 14 includes a shell 141, a transparent liquid, and multiple electrophoretic particles 142. The multiple electrophoretic particles 142 and the transparent liquid are all contained in the shell 141. The transparent liquid covers the multiple electrophoretic particles 142. The viscosity of the transparent liquid is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature.

[0030] Optionally, the temperature-sensitive module 13 can be a pyroelectric thin film or a thermoelectric thin film, both of which can directly generate an electric field through temperature changes. Optionally, the temperature-sensitive module 13 is a pyroelectric thin film. The pyroelectric thin film has spontaneous polarization (the centers of positive and negative charges do not coincide) inside. When the temperature rises or falls, the polarization intensity changes, a net charge appears on the surface, and an electric field is formed between the two electrodes. Optionally, the temperature-sensitive module 13 is a thermoelectric thin film. When there is a stable temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric thin film, charge carriers (electrons / holes) thermally diffuse and migrate, forming a continuous electric field.

[0031] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module 13 onto the first substrate 10 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the microcapsule 14 onto the first substrate 10.

[0032] Optional, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The first substrate 10 is a transparent rigid glass substrate that supports the functional layers of the device, providing structural support. Optionally, the first electrode 11 is a patterned transparent pixel electrode, corresponding to an independent pixel unit, used to apply a driving voltage. Optionally, the first direction is perpendicular to the first substrate 10. Optionally, the second electrode 12 is a transparent common electrode covering the entire surface, providing a common reference potential for all pixels. Optionally, the first preset temperature is a pre-set low-temperature critical value; below this temperature, the conventional driving performance of the electronic paper 703 significantly degrades. Optionally, the shell 141 is a polymer insulating outer layer of the microcapsule 14, isolating the internal medium and preventing aggregation. Optionally, the transparent liquid is a cyclohexyl insulating dispersion medium within the microcapsule 14, whose viscosity increases as the temperature decreases, providing a motion environment for the electrophoretic particles 142. Optionally, the electrophoretic particles 142 are colored pigment particles with fixed charges, which can move directionally under an electric field to achieve grayscale display.

[0033] A driving electric field is formed between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. This driving electric field causes the electrophoretic particles 142 inside the microcapsule 14 to move. When the ambient temperature decreases, the viscosity of the transparent liquid increases, increasing the resistance to the movement of the electrophoretic particles 142. However, when the ambient temperature is below or equal to the first preset temperature, a compensation electric field is formed between the first electrode 11 and the temperature-sensitive module 13 because the orthogonal projection of the temperature-sensitive module in the first direction at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the first electrode in the first direction. The strength of the compensation electric field is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the compensation electric field and the driving electric field... The directions are the same, and the compensation electric field can be positively superimposed with the driving electric field to compensate for the driving electric field and provide additional driving force for the electrophoretic particles 142. The strength of the compensation electric field is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature decreases, it can adaptively offset the resistance of the increased viscosity of the transparent liquid to the migration of the electrophoretic particles 142. The temperature-sensitive module 13 and the microcapsule 14 are at least partially overlapped in projection to ensure that the compensation electric field can directly act on the electrophoretic particles 142 inside the microcapsule 14, ensuring the movement speed of the electrophoretic particles 142 in the low temperature environment and avoiding abnormal display.

[0034] In one possible example, the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode 11, the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 is opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the second electrode 12, and the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the second electrode 12 is opposite to the polarity of the second electrode 12.

[0035] Optionally, the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 is positively charged, the first electrode 11 is negatively charged, and the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the second electrode 12 is negatively charged.

[0036] By setting the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 to be opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode 11, a compensation electric field is formed between the temperature-sensitive module 13 and the first electrode 11. The polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 is opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the second electrode 12, and the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the second electrode 12 is opposite to the polarity of the second electrode 12, so that the direction of the compensation electric field is the same as that of the driving electric field.

[0037] Optionally, the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 is positively charged, and the first electrode 11 is negatively charged.

[0038] In one possible example, the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode 11, and the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 is opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the second electrode 12, and the voltage of the second electrode 12 is zero.

[0039] Optionally, the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 is negatively charged, the first electrode 11 is positively charged, and the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the second electrode 12 is positively charged.

[0040] By setting the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 to be opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode 11, and the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 to be opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the second electrode 12, the voltage of the second electrode 12 is zero, so that the direction of the compensation electric field is the same as that of the driving electric field.

[0041] In one possible example, please combine Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 are at a first distance A1 in the first direction, and the temperature-sensitive module 13 and the first electrode 11 are at a second distance A2 in the first direction, satisfying: 1 / 2≤A2 / A1≤5 / 6.

[0042] Optionally, the first distance A1 is the vertical distance between the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the first electrode 11 and the surface of the corresponding first electrode 11 facing the temperature-sensitive module 13 along a first direction perpendicular to the first substrate 10. Optionally, the second distance A2 is the vertical distance between the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 facing the second electrode 12 and the surface of the second electrode 12 facing the temperature-sensitive module 13 along the first direction.

[0043] By setting the ratio of A2 / A1 between 1 / 2 and 5 / 6, it is possible to avoid the problem that the space for setting the microcapsule 14 is too small due to the ratio of A2 / A1 being too small, and it is also possible to avoid the problem that the distance between the temperature-sensitive module 13 and the first electrode 11 is too large due to the ratio of A2 / A1 being too large, which would result in a weak electric field between the temperature-sensitive module 13 and the first electrode 11.

[0044] In one possible example, please combine Figure 1 The orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module 13 in the first direction is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding first electrode 11 in the first direction, and the orthographic projection of the microcapsule 14 in the first direction is located within the orthographic projection of the first electrode 11 in the first direction.

[0045] Optionally, the overlapping area of ​​the two projected graphics shall be no less than 50% to ensure that the effective area of ​​the driving electric field and the temperature-sensitive electric field completely covers the pixel display unit.

[0046] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module 13 along the first direction is set to have an overlap of 85% with the orthographic projection of the corresponding first electrode 11 along the first direction, while the orthographic projection of the microcapsule 14 along the first direction is set to have an overlap of 90% with the orthographic projection of the corresponding first electrode 11 along the first direction, both of which meet the requirement of at least partial overlap.

[0047] Optionally, the area of ​​the temperature-sensitive module 13 projected in the first direction is the same as the area of ​​the corresponding first electrode 11 projected in the first direction.

[0048] By setting the temperature-sensitive module 13, microcapsule 14, and first electrode 11 to be sequentially opposite each other in the first direction, the orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module 13 in the first direction is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding first electrode 11 in the first direction, and the orthographic projection of the microcapsule 14 in the first direction is located within the orthographic projection of the first electrode 11 in the first direction, so that the compensation electric field generated by the temperature-sensitive module 13 can act entirely on the electrophoretic particles 142 in the microcapsule 14 along the first direction, and prevent the electrophoretic particles 142 in the microcapsule 14 from exceeding the compensation electric field formed between the temperature-sensitive module 13 and the first electrode 11.

[0049] In one possible example, the temperature-sensitive module 13 is parallel to both the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12.

[0050] Optionally, the plurality of temperature-sensitive modules 13 include an adjacent first temperature-sensitive module and a second temperature-sensitive module. The first temperature-sensitive module and the corresponding first electrode 11 have a third distance along the first direction, and the second temperature-sensitive module and the corresponding first electrode 11 have a fourth distance along the first direction. The third distance and the fourth distance are equal.

[0051] Optionally, the first temperature-sensitive module and the second temperature-sensitive module are two adjacent independent temperature-sensitive functional units, respectively corresponding to the pixel units of two adjacent first electrodes 11.

[0052] Optionally, multiple independently arranged temperature-sensitive modules 13 are configured, each corresponding to a pixel unit of the first electrode 11. The spacing between adjacent first and second temperature-sensitive modules is 20 μm, consistent with the spacing between adjacent first electrodes 11. Simultaneously, a third distance of 24 μm is set between the first temperature-sensitive module and its corresponding first electrode 11, and a fourth distance of 24 μm is also set between the second temperature-sensitive module and its corresponding first electrode 11. This equal spacing design ensures that the compensation electric field intensity received by all pixel units is completely consistent, avoiding uneven brightness and grayscale deviation in the overall display caused by spacing differences. It also ensures synchronized refresh rates of the electrophoretic particles 142 in all pixels under low-temperature conditions. Please refer to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 This equidistant design ensures that the compensation electric field generated between all temperature-sensitive modules 13 and the corresponding first electrode 11 is the same, thereby ensuring that the compensation electric field intensity obtained by the driving electric field between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 is uniform.

[0053] By setting the temperature-sensitive module 13 to be parallel to both the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, the intensity of the driving electric field formed between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 is made uniform, and the intensity of the compensation electric field formed between the temperature-sensitive module 13 and the first electrode 11 is also made uniform.

[0054] In one possible example, there are multiple temperature-sensitive modules 13, which are equally spaced along the second or third direction. The polarities of two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules 13 are the same or opposite, and the second and third directions intersect with the first direction.

[0055] Optionally, multiple temperature-sensitive modules 13 are arranged in an array along a second or third direction.

[0056] By setting multiple temperature-sensitive modules 13 at equal intervals along the second or third direction, the compensation electric field formed between each temperature-sensitive module 13 and the first electrode 11 is uniformly distributed. The polarities of two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules 13 are the same or opposite, so that the direction of the electric field formed between them and the first electrode 11 can be flexibly adjusted, thereby improving the flexibility of the movement of electrophoretic particles 142.

[0057] In one possible example, please combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 One end of the microcapsule 14 in the first direction is connected to the temperature-sensitive module 13, and the other end of the microcapsule 14 in the first direction is connected to the first electrode 11.

[0058] Optionally, the microcapsule 14 is fixedly bonded to the surface of the temperature-sensitive module 13 at one end along the first direction facing the temperature-sensitive module 13 using an adhesive. Optionally, the microcapsule 14 is fixedly bonded to the surface of the first electrode 11 at the other end along the first direction facing the first electrode 11 using the same adhesive, so that the microcapsule 14 forms a stable support structure between the first electrode 11 and the temperature-sensitive module 13.

[0059] Optionally, the fixing method of the microcapsule 14 can be optimized by fixing the bottom end of each microcapsule 14 along the first direction to the surface of the corresponding first electrode 11 with an adhesive, and fixing the top end of the microcapsule 14 along the first direction to the surface of the corresponding temperature-sensitive module 13 with the same adhesive, so that the microcapsule 14 is directly supported between the first electrode 11 and the temperature-sensitive module 13. This fixing connection structure can prevent the microcapsule 14 from shifting within the electrophoretic layer, ensuring a stable alignment relationship between each microcapsule 14 and the corresponding first electrode 11 and temperature-sensitive module 13, while precisely controlling the interlayer spacing between the first electrode 11 and the temperature-sensitive module 13, ensuring the consistency of the temperature-sensitive electric field action distance.

[0060] By connecting the two ends of the microcapsule 14 to the temperature-sensitive module 13 and the first electrode 11 respectively, the microcapsule 14 can be precisely positioned and fixed between the corresponding first electrode 11 and the temperature-sensitive module 13, avoiding displacement or shift of the microcapsule 14 and ensuring that the microcapsule 14 is precisely aligned with the corresponding first electrode 11 and temperature-sensitive module 13. At the same time, the microcapsule 14 is directly connected to the structures on both sides, which can eliminate the electric field attenuation caused by the intermediate air layer or dielectric layer.

[0061] In one possible example, please combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 The electronic paper 703 also includes a first buffer and a second buffer 15. The first buffer is disposed between two adjacent first electrodes 11, and the second buffer 15 is disposed between two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules 13. The first buffer and the second buffer 15 are opposite to each other and spaced apart in a first direction.

[0062] Optionally, the first buffer is a transparent insulating silicon dioxide film filled between two adjacent first electrodes 11. Optionally, the second buffer 15 is a transparent insulating silicon dioxide film filled between two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules 13, and is made of the same material as the first buffer. Optionally, the first buffer and the second buffer 15 completely overlap in their orthographic projections along the first direction, and maintain the same vertical spacing between them. Optionally, both the first buffer and the second buffer 15 are made of highly transparent insulating material, and do not affect the display optical path of the electronic paper 703.

[0063] Optionally, a first buffer element with the same thickness as the first electrode 11 is first prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in the gap between two adjacent first electrodes 11, completely filling the patterned gap of the first electrode 11. Then, a second buffer element 15 of the same silicon dioxide is prepared in the gap between two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules 13, completely filling the patterned gap of the temperature-sensitive module 13. Both are highly transparent.

[0064] By setting a first buffer and a second buffer 15 respectively between adjacent first electrodes 11 and adjacent temperature-sensitive modules 13, and setting them relatively apart, relative displacement between multiple first electrodes 11 and multiple temperature-sensitive modules 13 is avoided, protecting the first electrodes 11 and temperature-sensitive modules 13 from damage. In addition, the compensation electric field between the first electrode 11 and the corresponding temperature-sensitive module 13 is also prevented from shifting.

[0065] Optionally, all the first electrodes 11 and the temperature-sensitive module 13 are transparent components. Optionally, the image formed by the movement of electrophoretic particles 142 can be observed through the multiple first electrodes 11 and the temperature-sensitive module 13. By setting all the first electrodes 11 and the temperature-sensitive module 13 to be transparent components, the multiple first electrodes 11 and the temperature-sensitive module 13 will not obstruct the output of the image.

[0066] Optionally, the electric field strength is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature; the lower the ambient temperature, the higher the polarization electric field strength generated by the temperature-sensitive module 13, and the two are negatively correlated. Optionally, the first preset temperature is 5℃, which is the trigger threshold for low-temperature compensation.

[0067] Optionally, when the ambient temperature is ≤5℃, the low temperature compensation function of the temperature-sensitive module 13 is triggered, and the temperature-sensitive module 13 is controlled to generate a polarized electric field. The electric field strength is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. For every 1℃ decrease in ambient temperature, the electric field strength increases by 8%. The electric field compensation of the temperature-sensitive module 13 can offset the problem of increased movement resistance of electrophoretic particles 142 caused by increased viscosity of transparent liquid in low temperature environment. The refresh rate of electronic paper 703 in low temperature environment can be guaranteed without increasing the driving voltage.

[0068] Optionally, when the ambient temperature is ≤10℃ (the first preset temperature), the low-temperature compensation function of the corresponding zone temperature-sensitive module 13 is triggered, controlling the corresponding temperature-sensitive module 13 to generate a polarized electric field. The electric field strength is piecewise negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. For every 1℃ decrease in ambient temperature within the 0℃-10℃ temperature range, the electric field strength increases by 5%. For every 1℃ decrease in ambient temperature within the -10℃-0℃ temperature range, the electric field strength increases by 10%. This allows for precise electric field compensation for the zone temperature differences of the electronic paper 703.

[0069] Optional, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8Alternatively, a photosensitive response film 17 and a backlight element 16 can be used to replace the above method. The electronic paper also includes a photosensitive response film 17, which is disposed between the second electrode 12 and the first electrode 11. The photosensitive response film 17 is disposed corresponding to the first electrode 11, and the polarity of the surface of the photosensitive response film 17 facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode 11. The backlight element 16 is disposed between the first electrode 11 and the first substrate 10. The electronic paper also includes a temperature sensor and a processor. The processor is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the backlight element 16. The temperature sensor is used to detect the ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a first preset temperature, the processor controls the backlight element 16 to emit light to illuminate the photosensitive response film 17. The intensity of the light emitted by the backlight element 16 is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. The photosensitive response film 17 can generate a compensation electric field according to the light, and the compensation electric field is positively correlated with the intensity of the light.

[0070] To address the issues of increased resistance in the transparent liquid, hindered migration of electrophoretic particles 142, and abnormal display in low-temperature environments of the electronic paper 703, a temperature-sensitive module 13 is used to directly acquire the ambient temperature. This eliminates the need for additional temperature sensors, complex temperature control circuits, and driving algorithms, simplifying the driving system architecture of the electronic paper 703 and reducing hardware costs and overall power consumption. This method only activates the compensation electric field through the temperature-sensitive module 13 when the ambient temperature is below or equal to a first preset temperature. It does not operate under normal temperature conditions, thus not affecting the normal driving and display effects of the electronic paper 703 at room temperature. Furthermore, the strength of the compensation electric field is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature, matching the increase in viscosity of the transparent liquid at low temperatures. The lower the temperature, the stronger the compensation electric field, offsetting the migration resistance of electrophoretic particles 142 caused by increased viscosity, achieving adaptive compensation across different low-temperature ranges.

[0071] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 As shown, the display device 701 includes a timing controller 702 and an electronic paper 703 as described above. The timing controller 702 is electrically connected to the electronic paper 703 and is used to transmit display signals to the electronic paper 703.

[0072] Optionally, the timing controller 702 is used to receive information data from the background and convert it into display signals and driving timing that can be recognized by the electronic paper 703. The timing controller 702 is electrically connected to the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, and the temperature-sensitive module 13 of the electronic paper 703 through the circuit board, and stably transmits display signals and low temperature compensation control signals.

[0073] The above description discloses only one preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiments can be implemented, and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electronic paper, characterized in that, include: First substrate; A plurality of first electrodes are disposed at intervals on the surface of the first substrate; The second electrode is disposed along a first direction on the side of the plurality of first electrodes facing away from the first substrate. The second electrode and the plurality of first electrodes are all spaced apart. The second electrode and the corresponding first electrode generate a driving electric field. A temperature-sensitive module is disposed between the second electrode and the first electrode. The orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module in the first direction at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode in the first direction. The temperature-sensitive module is used to generate a compensation electric field with the first electrode when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a first preset temperature. The direction of the compensation electric field is the same as that of the driving electric field, and the strength of the compensation electric field is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. A microcapsule is disposed between the temperature-sensitive module and the first electrode. The microcapsule includes a shell, a transparent liquid, and multiple electrophoretic particles. The multiple electrophoretic particles and the transparent liquid are contained within the shell. The transparent liquid coats the multiple electrophoretic particles. The viscosity of the transparent liquid is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature.

2. The electronic paper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode. The polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the second electrode. The polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the second electrode is opposite to the polarity of the second electrode.

3. The electronic paper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding first electrode, and the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the first electrode is opposite to the polarity of the surface of the temperature-sensitive module facing the second electrode. The voltage of the second electrode is zero.

4. The electronic paper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrode and the second electrode are at a first distance A1 in the first direction, and the temperature-sensitive module is at a second distance A2 in the first direction, satisfying: 1 / 2≤A2 / A1≤5 / 6.

5. The electronic paper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the temperature-sensitive module in the first direction lies within the orthographic projection of the corresponding first electrode in the first direction, and the orthographic projection of the microcapsule in the first direction lies within the orthographic projection of the first electrode in the first direction.

6. The electronic paper according to claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature-sensitive module is parallel to both the first electrode and the second electrode.

7. The electronic paper according to claim 6, characterized in that, One end of the microcapsule in the first direction is connected to the temperature-sensitive module, and the other end of the microcapsule in the first direction is connected to the first electrode.

8. The electronic paper according to claim 6, characterized in that, The number of temperature-sensitive modules is multiple, and the multiple temperature-sensitive modules are equally spaced along the second direction or the third direction. The polarities of two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules are the same or opposite. The second direction and the third direction both intersect with the first direction.

9. The electronic paper according to claim 7, characterized in that, The electronic paper also includes a first buffer and a second buffer. The first buffer is disposed between two adjacent first electrodes, and the second buffer is disposed between two adjacent temperature-sensitive modules. The first buffer and the second buffer are opposite to each other and spaced apart in the first direction.

10. A display device, characterized in that, The device includes a timing controller and an electronic paper as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the timing controller is electrically connected to the electronic paper and is used to transmit display signals to the electronic paper.

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