Blasting partition-based tunnel drill-and-blast method explosive unit consumption calculation method, computer device and readable storage medium

Abstract

This invention provides a method, computer device, and readable storage medium for calculating the unit explosive consumption of tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones. The method includes dividing the blasting area into a slotting borehole zone, an auxiliary borehole zone, a peripheral borehole zone, and a floor borehole zone; calculating the unit explosive consumption of each zone; calculating the volume of blasted rock in each zone; calculating the explosive quantity for each zone based on the unit explosive consumption and the volume of blasted rock in each zone; calculating the total explosive quantity of multiple zones; calculating the total volume of blasted rock in multiple zones; and calculating the average unit explosive consumption based on the total explosive quantity and volume. This invention facilitates more quantitative, refined, and optimized blasting design, achieving efficient energy utilization, ensuring blasting effectiveness, controlling blasting hazards, and reducing engineering costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel and underground engineering blasting technology, specifically to a method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones, a computer device, and a readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel drilling and blasting construction, the rationality of blasting design is the key to affecting excavation efficiency, forming quality and economic benefits.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream method for determining explosive consumption per unit area in engineering practice still heavily relies on empirical analogy and reference to standard tables. Designers first consult manuals to select an empirical value for average explosive consumption per unit area applicable to the entire excavation section, based on the rock mass grade and cross-sectional dimensions. They then calculate the total charge and allocate the charge to each borehole based on their personal experience.

[0004] This method is based on the idealized assumption that "the rock mass at the working face is homogeneous and the blasting resistance is the same in all areas". Its design process is simple but crude. It ignores the essential differences in blasting mechanics and functional requirements between different areas such as the cut, auxiliary, and surrounding areas. The use of a single average unit consumption value means that energy input is applied to all areas of the working face indiscriminately. It is impossible to accurately match the energy demand gradient of such zones. In practice, the total charge is often blindly increased in order to ensure the cut effect. This not only wastes explosives, but also easily leads to problems such as excessive damage to the surrounding rock, serious over- and under-cutting, and high block ratio due to energy runaway. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones. This method facilitates more quantitative, refined, and optimized blasting design, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization, ensuring blasting effectiveness, controlling blasting hazards, and reducing engineering costs.

[0006] The second objective of this invention is to provide a computer device capable of implementing the steps of the above-described method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones.

[0007] A third objective of this invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium capable of implementing the steps of the above-described method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting partitions.

[0008] The first objective of this invention is to provide a method for calculating the unit explosive consumption of tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones. This method involves dividing the blasting area into four zones: a slotted blast hole zone, an auxiliary blast hole zone, a peripheral blast hole zone, and a bottom blast hole zone. These zones are arranged sequentially from the inside out. The bottom blast hole zone is located below the slotted and auxiliary blast hole zones, and the bottom sides of the peripheral blast hole zone are located on the left and right outer sides of the bottom blast hole zone, respectively. The method then calculates the unit explosive consumption for each zone; calculates the volume of blasted rock in each zone; calculates the explosive quantity for each zone based on the unit explosive consumption and the volume of blasted rock in each zone; calculates the total explosive quantity for multiple zones; calculates the total volume of blasted rock in multiple zones; and calculates the average unit explosive consumption based on the total explosive quantity and volume.

[0009] A further approach involves calculating the blasted rock volume for each zone, including calculating the blasted rock volume borne by each borehole, specifically the blasted rock volume borne by inclined boreholes. ,in, The depth of the inclined borehole. The hole spacing is for inclined blast holes. This is the distance from the bottom of the inclined borehole to the centerline of the profile; The distance from the inclined borehole opening to the centerline of the profile; and the volume of blasted rock included in the calculation of the load on the vertical borehole. ,in, The depth of the vertical borehole. The hole spacing is for vertical blast holes. This is the minimum resistance line length for a vertical borehole.

[0010] A further proposed solution includes at least one of the following: inclined blast holes are arranged in the slotted blast hole area; inclined blast holes are arranged in the auxiliary blast hole area; vertical blast holes are arranged in the peripheral blast hole area; and vertical blast holes are arranged in the bottom plate blast hole area.

[0011] A further step is to, after calculating the volume of blasted rock borne by each blast hole, also add the volumes of blasted rock borne by each blast hole in the zone to obtain the total volume of blasted rock for that zone. ,in, This represents the volume of blasted rock in that zone. The volume of blasted rock borne by a single blast hole in a zone.

[0012] A further approach involves calculating the explosive quantity for each zone based on the zone's explosive consumption and the volume of rock blasted. This calculation includes using the following formula to determine the explosive quantity for each zone. ,in, The unit consumption of explosives for each zone.

[0013] A further approach is to calculate the total explosive charge in the step of calculating the total explosive charge for multiple zones using the following formula. , where Q 掏 Q represents the amount of explosive used in the slotted blast hole area. 辅 To assist in the amount of explosives in the borehole area, Q 周 Q represents the amount of explosives used in the surrounding blast hole area. 底 The amount of explosive in the bottom plate borehole area; in the step of calculating the average explosive consumption per unit volume based on the total amount and volume of explosive, the average explosive consumption per unit volume is calculated according to the following formula. ,in, This represents the sum of the blasted rock volumes in each zone.

[0014] Another further approach is to calculate the regional explosive consumption for each zone, including the calculation of the regional explosive consumption for the cut-out borehole zone. The steps include: first, taking core samples from the field; preparing rock specimens according to engineering test rock mass standards; and conducting Hopkinson impact tests on the rock specimens; then, based on the incident wave obtained from the impact tests... Reflected waves and transmitted waves The incident energy was calculated using one-dimensional stress wave theory. Reflected energy and transmission energy : in, , and These are the cross-sectional area, density, and longitudinal wave velocity of the elastic rod, respectively. The duration of the strain wave is given; the absorbed energy of the rock specimen is calculated. : The absorbed energy of the rock specimen is used as the breaking energy required for rock breaking; the unit consumption of regional explosives in the slotted blast hole area is calculated based on the absorbed energy of the rock specimen.

[0015] Another further approach is to include calculating the regional explosive consumption per unit area in the step of calculating the regional explosive consumption per unit area of ​​the surrounding borehole areas: the surrounding borehole areas use smooth blasting technology, and their charge amount is determined by the linear charge density. Control; based on the linear charge density of peripheral holes in conventional smooth blasting, the value is taken in the range of 0.1~0.5 kg / m, and a reasonable value is selected according to the specific lithological conditions: for soft rock, the smaller first interval of the value range is used, and for hard rock, the larger second interval of the value range is used; based on the linear charge density in the smooth blasting parameters used. Total length of surrounding holes The total amount of explosives in the surrounding borehole area is obtained by multiplying the product, and then the amount of explosives consumed per unit area in the surrounding borehole area is obtained by dividing by the rock volume of the surrounding borehole area.

[0016] As can be seen from the above scheme, based on the tunnel's geological conditions and cross-sectional shape, and according to the type of blast holes at the tunnel face, the blasting area is divided from the inside out into the slotting blast hole area, auxiliary blast hole area, peripheral blast hole area, and floor blast hole area. The slotting blast hole area is the core area, responsible for creating the initial free face. It has the greatest blasting clamping effect, and the explosive energy is tightly contained, requiring a large amount to be consumed in crushing the rock; therefore, it requires the largest amount of explosives. The auxiliary blast hole area is located between the slotting blast hole area and the outer ring, responsible for gradually expanding the slot. Auxiliary blasting expands based on the free face created by the slotting. The explosive stress wave can be fully reflected through the free face to form efficient tensile failure, easily breaking the rock; therefore, the explosive consumption per unit area is relatively lower than that of the slotting blast hole area. The peripheral blast hole area consists of blast holes around the outline, responsible for forming a smooth excavation boundary, controlling over-excavation and under-excavation, and protecting the stability of the surrounding rock. The floor blast hole area consists of blast holes in the bottom area, which need to overcome the rock's own weight and clamping force to ensure a flat floor with a certain throwing effect. Then, for the different blasting mechanics mechanisms of the four zones, more reasonable methods were used to determine their explosive consumption per unit area. Specifically, the regional explosive consumption per unit area was determined based on dynamic fragmentation energy matching for the slotted borehole zone and the auxiliary borehole zone; the regional explosive consumption per unit area for the surrounding borehole zone was determined based on surrounding rock damage control; and the regional explosive consumption per unit area for the bottom plate borehole zone was determined based on the clamping and throwing effects. Then, the volume of blasted rock in each zone was calculated, and the explosive quantity for each zone was calculated based on the regional explosive consumption and the volume of blasted rock in each zone. The total explosive quantity for multiple zones was calculated, and the total volume of blasted rock in multiple zones was calculated. The average explosive consumption per unit area was calculated based on the total explosive quantity and volume. Mainly, this invention conducts differentiated and refined design based on the blasting principle, effectively optimizing the utilization efficiency of explosive energy. Traditional blasting designs mostly use uniform empirical coefficients for overall calculation, resulting in a relatively coarse design approach. This invention combines the actual working conditions of different areas in tunnel blasting, comparing the rock fragmentation characteristics, external constraints, and construction functional requirements of each area—cutting, auxiliary, surrounding, and floor—to determine the explosive consumption parameters for each area using a differentiated approach. Furthermore, by combining experimental energy matching, numerical simulation analysis, and mechanical correction, the explosive energy output is precisely matched to the rock fragmentation resistance and construction needs of different areas. This improves the problem of uneven energy supply in traditional blasting, avoiding issues such as poor fragmentation due to insufficient energy and resource waste due to excess energy. It effectively improves the quality of blasted blocks, the smoothness of the tunnel profile, and the efficiency of tunnel excavation. Traditional blasting processes, facing special construction scenarios such as strong constraints in the cut-out blast hole area, surrounding profile shaping, and strong clamping effects from the floor, primarily rely on engineering experience to make general parameter adjustments, resulting in insufficient design specificity and significant uncertainty. This invention, however, improves upon the common industry problems of traditional blasting design over-reliance on experience and rough design in certain areas, significantly enhancing the overall design quality of blasting schemes.

[0017] The second objective of this invention is to provide a computer device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the above-described method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones.

[0018] The third objective of this invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a controller, implements the steps of the above-described method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a technical roadmap of an embodiment of the method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel blasting based on the unit consumption of explosives in the partitioned configuration of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a tunnel blasting zone, representing an embodiment of the method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel blasting according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the SHPB impact in an embodiment of the method for calculating the unit consumption of tunnel blasting explosives based on the unit consumption of explosives in the partitioned manner according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram of rock fragmentation morphology, representing an embodiment of the method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel blasting according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of linear charge density for different rock types, representing an embodiment of the method for calculating the unit consumption of tunnel blasting explosives based on the partitioned explosive consumption of the present invention. Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the unfavorable slag removal characteristics of existing bottom plate holes; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the beneficial slag removal effect of the bottom plate hole in an embodiment of the method for calculating the unit consumption of tunnel blasting explosives based on the partitioned explosives consumption of the present invention. Figure 8 An inclined borehole blasting volume diagram of an embodiment of the method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel blasting according to the present invention; Figure 9 This is a vertical borehole blasting volume diagram, representing an embodiment of the method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel blasting according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Example of a method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel blasting based on the unit consumption of explosives in different zones See Figure 1 The method for calculating the unit consumption of tunnel blasting explosives in zoned explosives provided by this invention includes the following four steps performed sequentially: Step S1. Divide the blasting area at the tunnel face into four zones; Step S2. Calculate the unit explosive consumption for each zone; Step S3. Calculate the volume of blasted rock and the amount of explosives in each zone; Step S4. Calculate the average explosive consumption per unit charge for the entire cycle.

[0021] First, in step S1, dividing the blasting area at the tunnel face into four zones includes the following steps: See Figure 2 Based on the tunnel's geological conditions and cross-sectional shape, and according to the type of blast holes at the tunnel face, the blasting area is divided into four zones from the inside out: cut-out blast hole zone I, auxiliary blast hole zone II, peripheral blast hole zone III, and floor blast hole zone IV. Specifically, cut-out blast hole zone I, auxiliary blast hole zone II, and peripheral blast hole zone III are arranged sequentially from the inside out. Floor blast hole zone IV is located below cut-out blast hole zone I and auxiliary blast hole zone II, and the bottom sides of peripheral blast hole zone III are located on the left and right outer sides of floor blast hole zone IV, respectively.

[0022] Among them, the slotted blast hole area I is the core area, responsible for creating the initial free surface. It has the greatest explosive clamping effect, and the explosive energy is tightly contained, so a large amount must be consumed in crushing rocks. Therefore, it requires the largest amount of explosives. Auxiliary blast hole area II is located between the slotted blast hole area and the outer ring. It is responsible for gradually expanding the slot cavity. Auxiliary blasting is based on the free surface created by slotting. The explosive stress wave can be fully reflected through the free surface to form efficient tensile failure, easily "tearing" the rock off. Therefore, the explosive consumption per unit of explosive in the auxiliary blast hole area is relatively lower than that in the slotted blast hole area.

[0023] Peripheral blast hole zone III consists of blast holes around the outline, responsible for forming a smooth excavation boundary, controlling over-excavation and under-excavation, and protecting the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0024] The bottom plate blast hole area IV is the blast hole area in the bottom region. It is necessary to overcome the weight of the rock and the clamping force to ensure that the bottom plate is flat and has a certain throwing effect.

[0025] Further, step S2, calculating the regional explosive consumption for each of the aforementioned zones, includes: Based on the blasting characteristics of the slotted borehole area I, auxiliary borehole area II, peripheral borehole area III, and floor borehole area IV, the methods for determining the unit explosive consumption of each zone are summarized into three categories: the first category is based on dynamic fracture energy matching to determine the regional explosive consumption of slotted borehole area I and auxiliary borehole area II; the second category is based on surrounding rock damage control to determine the regional explosive consumption of peripheral borehole area III; and the third category is based on the clamping and throwing effects to determine the regional explosive consumption of floor borehole area IV. This forms a system for calculating explosive unit consumption that involves zone-based determination, categorized calculation, and unified aggregation.

[0026] Step S2 includes S2.1 determining the regional explosive consumption of the slotted borehole area I and the auxiliary borehole area II based on dynamic breaking energy matching. The calculation steps for step S2.1 are specifically disclosed in Chinese invention patent application number 202510823622.2.

[0027] In step S2.1, since columnar emulsion explosives are mostly used in on-site blasting operations, SHPB impact tests are conducted on the rock specimens. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 3 The experimental setup includes a pneumatic device 1, an impact rod 2, a pulse shaper 3, a rock specimen 4, an incident rod 5, a strain gauge 6, a dynamic strain gauge 7, a data acquisition device 8, a transmission rod 9, an absorption rod 10, and a buffer device 11. The impact rod 2, transmission rod 9, and absorption rod 10 are all elastic rods.

[0028] An equivalent model was established between the energy required for rock fragmentation calculated and the energy of the columnar explosive.

[0029] First, core samples were taken on-site, and rock specimens were prepared according to the standard rock specimens for engineering test rock masses. The cylindrical specimen was subjected to Hopkinson impact testing.

[0030] Incident wave obtained from the impact test Reflected waves and transmitted waves And by combining the one-dimensional stress wave theory, the incident energy is calculated. Reflected energy and transmission energy The formula is as follows:

[0031] in, , and These are the cross-sectional area, density, and longitudinal wave velocity of the elastic rod, respectively. The duration of the strain wave is denoted as .

[0032] Ignoring energy loss at the contact surface between the specimen and the elastic rod during the test, and the ejection energy of specimen fragments upon fracture, the difference between the incident energy and the reflected and transmitted energy is considered as the energy absorbed by the rock specimen in the impact test, based on the law of conservation of energy. This allows for the calculation of the absorbed energy of the rock specimen. The formula is as follows:

[0033] This absorbed energy is the breaking energy required for rock to break.

[0034] Taking silty mudstone and quartzite as examples, the table below shows the relevant mechanical strength parameters of silty mudstone and quartzite, where NS represents silty mudstone and SY represents quartzite.

[0035]

[0036] The table below shows the energy variations of the two rock types in the SHPB experiment:

[0037] According to research, cylindrical explosives mainly contain five parts of energy during the blasting process: shock wave, expansion of the blast cavity (… ), stress wave propagation of rock fractures ( ), stress wave-induced elastic deformation of rock ( ), explosive gas expands rock burst cavity ( ), explosive gases expand rock fissures ( ).

[0038] For the specific calculation formulas of the five types of energy in the energy distribution theory of columnar charge blasting, please refer to "Wu Liang, Lu Wenbo, Zong Qi. Energy distribution of columnar charge explosion in rock [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2006, (05): 735-739. DOI: 10.16285 / j.rsm.2006.05.010".

[0039] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0040] in,

[0041] in, The radius of the borehole ( ); The initial radial pressure generated inside the rock after the explosion of the columnar explosive ( ); Density of explosives ( ); Rock density ( ); denoted as , where is the speed of sound in the rock after the explosive detonation (m / s); D is the detonation velocity of the cylindrical explosive (m / s). The thermal expansion adiabatic index of the detonation products is taken as... ; The radius of the explosion cavity ( ), , Radius of the crushing zone A is the radius parameter of the crushing zone. , It represents the uniaxial dynamic compressive strength of rock.

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, The number of radial cracks, here ; The radius of the fractured region ( ), , The uniaxial dynamic tensile strength of the rock; It is the dynamic elastic modulus.

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] In the formula, The deformation energy generated per unit volume of rock; This represents the lateral pressure coefficient of the stress wave on the rock. ; This is the pressure attenuation coefficient, in the stress wave region of the rock. ; The initial pressure of the explosive gas ( ), ; The instantaneous radius of the explosion cavity ( ); Critical pressure ( ); The crack length; Stress intensity factor; The radius of the fractured region is denoted as .

[0048] The energy of explosive per unit length is given by the following formula:

[0049] In the formula, The diameter of the medicine roll ( ); Density of explosives ( ); For explosive heating ( ).

[0050] According to relevant research, the energy distribution of the explosion of the four types of rocks shown in the table below is calculated. The energy consumed by the shock wave accounts for about 40% of the total energy of the explosion, and the energy of the remaining explosive gas accounts for about 60% of the total energy.

[0051]

[0052] In the SHPB test, rock failure mainly manifests as fragmentation under impact stress wave action. Since cut-out borehole zone I is in the initial free-face formation stage, the rock mass exhibits strong clamping force, resulting in fragmentation that is typically concentrated, deep, narrow, and contains a large amount of gravel. Auxiliary borehole zone II, on the other hand, continues to expand and fragment after the cut-out forms a free face, resulting in fragmentation that is typically wider and has relatively uniform block size. Therefore, based on the differences in fragmentation morphology of rock specimens in the SHPB test, the condition of concentrated fragmentation and a large amount of gravel can be associated with cut-out borehole zone I, while the condition of wider fragmentation and more uniform block size can be associated with auxiliary borehole zone II. Based on this, the explosive consumption per unit area can be determined for each type of zone.

[0053] When calculating the specific energy dissipation of explosives, the energy dissipation rate of the rock relative to the total energy dissipation in the SHPB test is used. The final required explosive unit consumption is obtained by proportionally correcting the energy consumed by the shock wave, which accounts for 40% of the total explosion energy.

[0054] Its correction factor As shown in the following formula:

[0055] In the formula, The energy dissipation rate during the SHPB impact test.

[0056] Different correction coefficients are obtained by substituting the energy dissipation rate under different impact states. The equivalent regional explosive consumption is corrected to obtain the final regional explosive consumption for slotted borehole area I and auxiliary borehole area II.

[0057] The correction is necessary because the rock dissipation energy measured in the experiment reflects the energy consumption characteristics of rock fragmentation under pure shock wave action. However, in actual blasting, only about 40% of the total energy released by the explosive is converted into shock wave work, while the remaining energy is dissipated in the form of explosion gas expansion, heat loss, etc. In order to apply the SHPB test results to actual blasting design, the rock-breaking energy measured in the experiment must be equivalently converted to the total energy of the explosive in the actual blast.

[0058] Its physical meaning is to amplify the rock-breaking dissipation energy of pure shock wave measured in the experiment according to the proportion of shock wave energy and energy conversion efficiency in actual blasting, so as to calculate the total energy of explosives required in an equivalent manner. For areas with different fracture characteristics (such as slotted blast hole area I and auxiliary blast hole area II), due to the different rock fracture modes and energy dissipation rates, correction coefficients need to be calculated separately to obtain the corresponding regional explosive consumption per unit area.

[0059] The calculated energy of the explosive per unit length is The quality is .

[0060] The explosive consumption per unit volume for silty mudstone and quartzite under different working conditions was calculated, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0061] See Figure 4 The rock's fracture characteristics are as follows: Cut-out blasting creates a free surface for the first time within a intact rock mass. Due to the extreme confinement of the rock, the explosive energy is tightly trapped and must be largely consumed in crushing the rock, thus exhibiting a "high energy consumption per unit area" characteristic. Correspondingly, its fracture morphology is also deep and narrow, with many fragments. Combining the experimental results with the characteristics of rock fracture, Figure 4 The muddy siltstone condition shown in (A) can be used to determine the regional explosive consumption in the cut-out borehole zone I, with a value ranging from 1.03 to 1.09. ; Figure 4 (C) The quartzite condition shown can be used to determine the regional explosive consumption in the slotted borehole zone I, with a value ranging from 1.11 to 1.19. .

[0062] Assisted blasting expands upon the free surface created by the cutting process. The explosive stress wave can be fully reflected through the free surface to form efficient tensile failure, easily "tearing" the rock apart. Therefore, it exhibits "low unit consumption". Its fracture morphology is also wider and shallower, with more uniform block size. Combining the experimental results with the characteristics of rock fracture, Figure 4 (B) shows the muddy siltstone condition, which can be used to determine the regional explosive consumption in auxiliary borehole area II, with a value ranging from 0.47 to 0.48. ; Figure 4 The quartzite condition shown in (D) can be used to determine the regional explosive consumption in auxiliary borehole area II, with a value ranging from 0.56 to 0.57. .

[0063] Step S2.2, determining the regional explosive consumption in peripheral borehole region III based on surrounding rock damage control, includes: Peripheral hole area III employs smooth blasting technology, and the charge amount in its peripheral holes is mainly determined by the linear charge density q. L Control. The linear charge density for peripheral holes in conventional smooth blasting is determined, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 kg / m, with appropriate values ​​selected based on specific lithological conditions. Values ​​are lower for soft rock and higher for hard rock. After determining the linear charge density, the total charge amount for peripheral hole zone III can be calculated first, and then converted into the regional explosive consumption for peripheral hole zone III. This allows for unified calculation with the regional explosive consumption for slotting hole zone I, auxiliary hole zone II, and bottom plate hole zone IV.

[0064] Based on the saturated uniaxial compressive strength of rocks, rocks are divided into three categories: hard rock (>60MPa), medium-hard rock (30~60MPa), and soft rock (<30MPa).

[0065] To quantitatively analyze the impact of linear charge density on the damage range of surrounding rock under different lithological conditions, a single-hole numerical model with a borehole diameter of 40 mm and a perimeter length of 100 cm was established, and simulation calculations were performed using an interval charging method. Multiple sets of numerical simulation experiments were conducted for three types of lithology under different linear charge densities. By analyzing the evolution process of surrounding rock damage after blasting and the final damage distribution, the damage propagation range was obtained.

[0066] In the numerical analysis process, the damage variable D is introduced to characterize the degree of surrounding rock damage. When D... A value of 0.19 indicates an effective damage zone. The proportion of the effective damage zone within the surrounding contour control area is defined as the surrounding rock damage propagation ratio.

[0067] See Figure 5 Based on the above criteria, a statistical analysis was conducted on the damage cloud maps under different working conditions. The analysis shows that: When the linear charge density is low, the fracture development is insufficient and a continuous smooth surface cannot be formed; when the linear charge density is too high, the damaged area extends significantly into the depth of the surrounding rock, which can easily cause over-excavation and disturbance of the surrounding rock; within a certain charge density range, the optimal state of fracture penetration and controlled damage to the surrounding rock can be achieved.

[0068] Under this optimal condition, the damage propagation ratios of surrounding rocks with different lithologies were statistically obtained as follows: Soft rock (0.1~0.2) When the optimal linear charge density is approximately 0.1, the optimal charge density is approximately 0.1. The corresponding surrounding rock damage propagation rate is approximately 48%. Medium hard rock (0.25~0.4 When the optimal linear charge density is approximately 0.25, the optimal charge density is achieved. The corresponding surrounding rock damage propagation rate is approximately 45%; Hard rock (0.3~0.5) When the optimal linear charge density is approximately 0.3, the optimal charge density is achieved. The corresponding damage extension rate of the surrounding rock is approximately 44%.

[0069] The aforementioned expansion ratios are derived from statistical results of the damaged area in numerical simulations, reflecting the differences in fracture propagation capacity and energy utilization efficiency under different lithological conditions. Specifically, harder lithology restricts fracture propagation, resulting in a relatively smaller damage propagation ratio.

[0070] Based on the above analysis, the damage to the surrounding rock caused by different linear charge densities for the three lithologies was analyzed. The damage to the soft rock was 0.1. The value for medium-hard rock is 0.25. For hard rock, the value is 0.3. .

[0071] The explosive consumption per unit area in the surrounding borehole zone III is the converted consumption per unit area. Specifically, it is first calculated based on the linear charge density q in the smooth blasting parameters. L The total explosive charge in the peripheral borehole region III is calculated by dividing the total explosive charge by the rock volume in the peripheral borehole region III, and then the specific explosive consumption per unit area in the peripheral borehole region III is obtained. .

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, The charge density of the peripheral holes; The sum of the lengths of all holes in the surrounding hole area; The volume of rock in the surrounding borehole area.

[0074] Step S2.3 Determine the unit explosive consumption of the area in the bottom plate borehole zone IV based on the clamping and throwing effects.

[0075] The blasting work in the base plate blast hole area IV needs to overcome two major unfavorable conditions: first, the clamping effect on the rock mass before blasting is much greater than that in the auxiliary blast hole area; second, it is necessary to throw or bulge the broken rock blocks to form the designed base plate outline.

[0076] This step focuses on the unit consumption in the auxiliary borehole area. Based on this, the specific mechanical constraints and functional requirements of the bottom plate blast hole area are quantified and modified. Specifically, since both the bottom plate blast hole area IV and the auxiliary blast hole area II are rock mass breaking under the condition of existing free surface, the bottom plate blast hole area IV also needs to overcome stronger clamping effects and meet the requirements of bottom plate forming and slag removal. Therefore, this step takes the regional explosive consumption q2 of the auxiliary blast hole area II as the benchmark and modifies it in combination with the clamping and throwing effects.

[0077] The unit explosive consumption of the auxiliary borehole area II obtained in step S2.1 The baseline explosive consumption for borehole area IV is given. Bottom borehole area IV is subject to the weight of the overlying rock mass and the strong constraints of the surrounding rocks on both sides. In order to achieve a flat bottom and facilitate slag removal, the broken rock blocks need to be displaced to a certain extent. Therefore, a clamping coefficient is introduced. With throwing coefficient Two coefficients are used to characterize and reflect the data. The unit explosive consumption of the reference explosive is corrected using these two coefficients to obtain the unit explosive consumption of the zone IV of the bottom plate borehole. .

[0078] See Figure 6 and Figure 7 After the blasting of the boreholes in the bottom plate blasting zone IV, the rock mass was mainly subjected to three types of forces: (1) Radial crushing force It is generated by the propagation of explosive stress waves in all directions, controlling the degree of rock fragmentation; (2) Throwing force : Acting along the direction of the borehole opening (mainly upward), causing the rock block to bulge and be thrown; (3) Lateral restraint effect The rock mass originates from the surrounding rocks on both sides and the overlying rock mass, which restricts the deformation of the rock mass.

[0079] See Figure 6 When using existing explosive consumption calculation and design methods for blasting the bottom plate borehole area IV, the strong lateral constraint limits the radial fragmentation effect, while the throwing effect is insufficient. This results in the rock blocks being mainly in the form of accumulation, with large block size and low throwing height, which is not conducive to slag removal.

[0080] See Figure 7 By reasonably increasing the unit consumption of explosives, the radial crushing and throwing effects are enhanced in synergy. The rock blocks are crushed and thrown upward and outward at the same time, forming a loose and raised shape with uniform block size and loose accumulation, which is conducive to loading, cleaning and bottom plate forming control.

[0081] Among them, the clamping coefficient The estimate can be made based on the difference in static constraints between the base plate borehole area IV and the auxiliary borehole area II. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0082] In the formula, For the density of the rock, This is the equivalent height from the base plate to the free surface. This represents the tensile strength of the rock.

[0083] Combination Figure 6 and Figure 7 rock density It primarily affects the magnitude of lateral restraint, and further influences the effective exertion of radial crushing action. When the clamping coefficient... When the confinement coefficient is large, lateral confinement is enhanced, the propagation of burst fractures is suppressed, and radial fracturing is difficult to fully release, resulting in insufficient rock fragmentation and larger block size; when the confinement coefficient is large... When the energy of the explosive is properly matched, the restraint and blasting effects are balanced, and the cracks can be fully expanded, thus achieving a better fragmentation effect.

[0084] To achieve a flat bottom and facilitate debris removal, the broken rock blocks need to be displaced to a certain extent. This essentially corresponds to the throwing force along the borehole direction shown in the diagram. Throwing coefficient. The value of directly affects the motion state of the rock block after the explosion. When the rock is small, the throwing force is insufficient, and the rock blocks only produce slight bulges or mainly collapse and accumulate, easily forming a dense accumulation pattern that is not conducive to clearing; when As the coefficient increases, the throwing effect intensifies, allowing rock blocks to move significantly upwards and outwards, forming a loosely distributed pile shape, which is beneficial for subsequent slag removal and bottom leveling control. Throwing coefficient The value reflects this additional energy requirement. For those who only require loosening of the raised area, The possible values ​​are 1 to 1.2; for applications requiring a strong throw, The possible values ​​are 1.2 to 1.5.

[0085] It should be clarified that the above value range is not derived from a specific experiment or theoretical formula, but is determined based on the common practice in conventional tunnel blasting engineering where the charge amount in the bottom blast hole area is increased to a certain extent compared to the auxiliary blast hole area II. This range represents an engineering experience reference acceptable to those skilled in the art. In practical applications, the specific throwing coefficient... The selected value should be determined by considering factors such as rock conditions, the degree of confinement in the floor, and the requirements for slag removal. It should be calibrated specifically through on-site blasting tests or numerical simulations, and fixed values ​​should not be applied directly. If the value exceeds the upper limit of 1.5, it may lead to increased over-excavation of the floor, expanded damage to the surrounding rock, or decreased energy utilization. Therefore, it is recommended to select values ​​within this range first.

[0086] In summary, the clamping coefficient The main control factor is the difficulty of rock mass fracturing, while the throwing coefficient is... The primary control is the movement ability of the broken rock fragments, and both factors jointly determine the spatial distribution of the post-blast debris. When and When the values ​​are properly matched, it can ensure that the rock mass is fully broken and that it can be effectively thrown, thus forming a blast pile structure that is conducive to cleaning up the slag and forming the bottom plate.

[0087] Based on this, by analyzing the baseline explosive consumption... and With the correction, the explosive consumption per unit area in region IV of the bottom plate hole can be obtained. The calculation is as follows:

[0088] Furthermore, the specific methods for calculating the blasted rock volume and explosive quantity for each zone in step S3 include: Based on the division of the tunnel face blasting area in step S1, the volume of blasted rock borne by each blast hole in the slotted blast hole area I, auxiliary blast hole area II, peripheral blast hole area III, and bottom blast hole area IV is calculated respectively, and the volume borne by the blast holes in each area is used as the basis for calculating the blasted rock volume of that area.

[0089] When calculating the volume of rock blasted in each blast hole area, the blast holes can be divided into two categories based on whether they are perpendicular to the working face: one category is inclined blast holes, which have a certain angle of inclination with the working face and are blasted with a large volume of rock, such as slotting holes and auxiliary holes, i.e., the blast holes in the slotting blast hole area and the blast holes in the auxiliary blast hole area; the other category is vertical blast holes, which are perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the working face, such as peripheral holes and bottom holes, i.e., the blast holes in the peripheral blast hole area and the blast holes in the bottom blast hole area.

[0090] See Figure 8 The volume of blasted rock borne by an inclined borehole is equivalent to the volume of the prism enclosed by every two boreholes and the central axis of the profile or the previous section of the borehole:

[0091] In the formula: The depth of the borehole; For borehole spacing; for slotted holes, This is the distance from the bottom of the cut hole to the centerline of the profile; This is the distance from the opening of the slotted hole to the centerline of the profile.

[0092] See Figure 9 The volume of rock blasted by a vertical borehole is considered. When multiple boreholes exist within the same charge group, the edge volume of the blasted rock can be ignored. The blasting volume borne by each borehole is equivalent to calculating the volume of a prism enclosing that borehole.

[0093] In the formula: This is the minimum resistance line length of the blast hole.

[0094] Calculate the blasting volume of the blast hole, and then add up the volumes of all blast holes in the corresponding blasting zone to obtain the blasted rock volume of each zone. The formula is as follows:

[0095] In the formula: It represents the total volume of the area with the same explosive unit consumption value in the design, that is, the volume of blasted rock in the zone; The volume of the blast in a single-hole region is calculated.

[0096] Subsequently, the explosive quantity for each zone can be calculated based on the regional explosive consumption and the blasted rock volume of each zone:

[0097] In the formula: The explosive consumption values ​​set for different areas.

[0098] Furthermore, step S4, which involves calculating the average explosive consumption per unit charge for the entire cycle, specifically includes: Calculate the total explosive charge for multiple zones, calculate the total volume of blasted rock for multiple zones, and calculate the average explosive consumption per unit volume based on the total explosive charge and volume.

[0099] First, the amount of explosives in each area is calculated according to step S3, and then summed as follows:

[0100] After calculating the total amount of explosives, divide the total amount of explosives by the total volume to obtain the final average explosive consumption value, as shown in the following formula:

[0101] In the formula: This represents the total volume of blasted rock in each zone.

[0102] This technology leverages the principles of blasting to implement differentiated and refined designs, effectively optimizing the utilization efficiency of explosive energy. Traditional blasting designs mostly employ uniform empirical coefficients for overall calculation, resulting in a relatively crude design approach. This technology fully considers the actual working conditions of different areas in tunnel blasting, comparing the rock fragmentation characteristics, external constraints, and construction functional requirements of each area—including the cut, auxiliary, surrounding, and floor slab regions—to determine the explosive consumption parameters for each area using a differentiated approach. Through a combination of experimental energy matching, numerical simulation analysis, and mechanical correction, the explosive energy output is precisely matched to the rock fragmentation resistance and construction requirements of different areas. This improves upon the problem of uneven energy supply in traditional blasting, avoiding issues such as poor fragmentation due to insufficient energy and resource waste due to excess energy. It effectively enhances the quality of blasted blocks, the smoothness of the tunnel profile, and the efficiency of tunnel excavation.

[0103] This technology effectively addresses common industry problems in traditional blasting design, such as over-reliance on experience and poor localized design, significantly improving the overall design quality of blasting schemes. Traditional blasting processes, when faced with challenging construction scenarios like strong constraints in the cut area, well-defined surrounding contours, and strong clamping effects from the base plate, primarily rely on engineering experience to broadly adjust parameters, resulting in insufficient design specificity and significant uncertainty. This technology addresses the construction difficulties of different key areas with corresponding design methods. It determines the energy standard required for rock mass fracturing through dynamic mechanical test data, optimizes the blasting parameters of the surrounding contour using numerical simulation, and further optimizes and corrects parameters in complex constrained areas such as the base plate using engineering mechanics theory. The design parameters for each key area are scientifically based, overcoming the limitations of purely experience-based design and making the entire blasting construction scheme more scientific and stable.

[0104] This technology establishes a complete design system that combines experimentation, simulation, and theoretical correction, simultaneously ensuring theoretical rationality and adaptability to on-site construction. The system integrates various research methods, including indoor dynamic mechanical testing, numerical simulation of the entire blasting process, and engineering mechanics theoretical analysis, abandoning the single, fixed design calculation model. During the parameter design process, the dynamic mechanical properties of rock under blasting loads, the complex effects of explosion propagation, and actual on-site engineering constraints are fully considered. The final determined parameters for explosive consumption per zone and overall average explosive consumption not only conform to the laws of mechanics theory but also adapt to various on-site construction scenarios. The overall design accuracy and reliability are significantly improved compared to traditional methods.

[0105] This technology employs a step-by-step reverse design approach. It first determines the explosive consumption per unit area, then calculates the explosive quantity for each area and the total explosive quantity for the entire project, ultimately deriving the average explosive consumption per unit area. This forms a complete system for verifying the rationality of blasting energy configuration. The entire design logic is clear and well-defined, and all parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to on-site geological conditions. It is adaptable to tunnel blasting construction scenarios with different geological conditions and cross-sectional specifications, demonstrating a wide range of applicability and excellent on-site application results and engineering promotion value.

[0106] Computer device embodiment: The computer device of the present invention is a controller, including a processor and a memory, such as a microcontroller containing a central processing unit. Furthermore, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to implement the steps of the above-described method for calculating the unit explosive consumption of tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones.

[0107] The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0108] The memory can primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area can store the operating system and at least one application program required for a function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.); the data storage area can store data created based on the use of the phone (such as audio data, phonebook, etc.). Furthermore, the memory can include high-speed random access memory, and can also include non-volatile memory, such as hard disks, RAM, plug-in hard disks, smart media cards (SMC), secure digital cards (SD cards), flash cards, at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0109] Examples of computer-readable storage media: The computer-readable storage medium of the present invention can be any form of storage medium that can be read by the processor of a computer device, including but not limited to non-volatile memory, volatile memory, ferroelectric memory, etc. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the processor of the computer device reads and executes the computer program stored in the memory, the steps of the above-mentioned method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting partitions can be implemented.

[0110] Computer programs include computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. Computer-readable media can include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in computer-readable media can be appropriately added to or subtracted according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in a jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0111] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones, characterized in that, include: The blasting area is divided into four zones, which include a slotting blast hole zone, an auxiliary blast hole zone, a peripheral blast hole zone, and a bottom plate blast hole zone. The slotting blast hole zone, the auxiliary blast hole zone, and the peripheral blast hole zone are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The bottom plate blast hole zone is located below the slotting blast hole zone and the auxiliary blast hole zone. The bottom sides of the peripheral blast hole zone are located on the left and right outer sides of the bottom plate blast hole zone, respectively. Calculate the unit explosive consumption for each of the aforementioned zones; Calculate the volume of blasted rock in each of the partitions, and calculate the amount of explosive in each partition based on the explosive consumption per unit area and the volume of blasted rock in each partition. Calculate the total explosive quantity of the multiple zones, calculate the total volume of the blasted rock in the multiple zones, and calculate the average explosive consumption per unit volume based on the total explosive quantity and the total volume.

2. The method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the blasted rock volume of each of the aforementioned zones includes: Calculate the volume of blasted rock borne by each borehole, including: Calculate the volume of blasted rock for the inclined borehole load. ,in, The depth of the inclined borehole. The hole spacing of the inclined boreholes. The distance between the bottom of the inclined borehole and the centerline of the profile; The distance from the inclined borehole opening to the centerline of the profile; And including: Calculate the volume of blasted rock for the vertical borehole load. ,in, The depth of the vertical borehole. The hole spacing of the vertical blast holes. This is the minimum resistance line length of the vertical borehole.

3. The method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones according to claim 2, characterized in that: Includes at least one of the following: The inclined blast holes are arranged in the slotted blast hole area; The inclined blast holes are arranged in the auxiliary blast hole area; The vertical blast holes are arranged in the surrounding blast hole area; The vertical blast holes are arranged in the blast hole area of ​​the base plate.

4. The method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the step of calculating the volume of blasted rock borne by each borehole, the method further includes: The total volume of blasted rock in a given zone is calculated by summing the volumes of blasted rock carried by each borehole. ,in, This represents the volume of blasted rock in that zone. The volume of blasted rock borne by a single borehole in the zone.

5. The method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of calculating the explosive quantity for each of the partitions based on the regional explosive consumption and the volume of blasted rock includes: Calculate the amount of explosives required for each zone using the following formula. ,in, The unit consumption of explosives for each zone.

6. The method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step of calculating the total amount of explosives in the multiple partitions: Calculate the total amount of explosives using the following formula. , where Q 掏 Q represents the amount of explosive in the slotted blast hole area. 辅 Q represents the amount of explosive in the auxiliary borehole area. 周 Q represents the amount of explosive in the surrounding borehole area. 底 The amount of explosive in the borehole area of ​​the base plate; In the step of calculating the average explosive consumption per unit volume based on the total amount of explosives and the total volume: The average explosive consumption is calculated using the following formula. ,in, This is the sum of the blasted rock volumes of each of the aforementioned zones.

7. The method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Calculating the regional explosive consumption for each of the aforementioned zones includes the following steps: calculating the regional explosive consumption for the slotted borehole zone: First, core samples were taken on site, and rock specimens were prepared according to the engineering test rock mass standards. The rock specimens were then subjected to Hopkinson impact tests. Incident wave obtained from the impact test Reflected waves and transmitted waves The incident energy was calculated using one-dimensional stress wave theory. Reflected energy and transmission energy : in, , and These are the cross-sectional area, density, and longitudinal wave velocity of the elastic rod, respectively. The duration of the strain wave; Calculate the absorbed energy of the rock specimen. : The energy absorbed by the rock specimen serves as the crushing energy required for rock fracturing. The energy absorbed by the rock specimen was used to calculate the regional explosive consumption in the slotted borehole area.

8. The method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting zones according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The step of calculating the regional explosive consumption of each of the partitions includes calculating the regional explosive consumption of the surrounding borehole area: The surrounding borehole area employs smooth blasting technology, and its charge amount is determined by the linear charge density. control; The linear charge density of the peripheral holes in conventional smooth blasting is determined by the range of 0.1~0.5 kg / m. The appropriate value is determined based on the specific lithological conditions: for soft rock, the smaller first interval of the range is used; for hard rock, the larger second interval of the range is used. Based on the linear charge density in the smooth blasting parameters used Total length of surrounding holes The total amount of explosives in the surrounding borehole area is obtained by performing a product calculation, and then divided by the rock volume of the surrounding borehole area to obtain the regional explosive consumption per unit area.

9. A computer device comprising a processor and a memory, characterized in that: The memory stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting partitions as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by the controller, it implements the steps of the method for calculating the unit consumption of explosives in tunnel drilling and blasting based on blasting partitions as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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