A design method of underground garage suitable for low density residential area

Abstract

This invention provides a design method for underground parking garages suitable for low-density residential areas, relating to the field of architectural engineering technology. The method includes the following steps: S1: Preliminary project research, including geological surveys of the project site, collection of project architectural planning data, and analysis of the construction cost composition of the underground parking garage in the original planning scheme; S2: Structural column grid optimization and regularization; S3: Spatial height optimization; S4: Optimized layout of ventilation ducts and equipment; S5: Basement depth control and spatial planning, determining whether to include a complimentary mezzanine based on customer groups or market positioning, and controlling the depth of the underground parking garage; S6: Cost calculation and analysis, further extending and expanding this design method from both product positioning and cost optimization perspectives. This invention optimizes the layout of underground parking garages, placing the driveways and parking spaces below the main building, reducing garage excavation between buildings, effectively reducing ineffective complimentary underground space, and lowering costs. Compared with traditional underground parking garage construction schemes, it achieves cost reduction and efficiency improvement, saving 40% to 80% of the construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, and in particular to a design method for underground parking garages suitable for low-density residential areas. Background Technology

[0002] With the rational return of residential properties to their original purpose in the real estate market, and driven by both customers' desire for improved living quality and developers' desire for added value in product design, various projects, especially high-quality projects mainly consisting of low-rise and multi-story buildings, are paying increasing attention to the development and utilization of underground space. As an important component of building projects, the rational layout and design of underground parking garages are particularly crucial.

[0003] In traditional low-density residential areas dominated by row houses and bungalows, the basement layout typically places the driveway and parking area between two rows of houses. Due to the additional outdoor soil layer, the basement needs to be excavated quite deep. Furthermore, the spacing between row houses is relatively small, meaning that in most cases, only one driveway and one row of parking spaces can be arranged between two houses, resulting in the underground garage being practically adjacent to the main building. To facilitate connections between units and the basement, the cavity layer beneath the main building must also be excavated to the depth of the basement, creating a two-story-high space beneath the main building. This space is often partially sold or given away to owners in different projects, making it difficult to cover construction costs and resulting in significant ineffective cost investment, while also wasting a large amount of underground space resources. Secondly, the traditional basement layout method fails to fully consider the diverse needs of the market in terms of space utilization and market adaptability, often adopting a single model that cannot be flexibly adjusted. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a design method for underground parking garages suitable for low-density residential areas, solving the technical problems existing in the prior art, so as to achieve the goal of cost reduction and efficiency improvement in a substantial sense for the project.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A design method for underground parking garages suitable for low-density residential areas includes the following steps: S1: Preliminary project investigation, including: geological survey of the project site, collection of project building planning data, and analysis of the construction cost composition of the underground parking garage in the original planning scheme; summarizing and drawing conclusions from the above investigation.

[0007] S2: Structural column grid optimization and regularization: Based on the functional requirements and spatial layout of the building, the column grid of the main structure is replanned, and irregular column grids are regularized and optimized; S3: Spatial height optimization: Based on structural stress calculations, the location and height of the main beams that need to be turned up are determined, and the joints of the main beams after being turned up are treated to strengthen the connection strength and seismic performance of the joints; S4: Optimized layout of ventilation ducts and equipment: Combining the spatial layout and airflow organization requirements of the underground parking garage, innovative ducts and skylights, and the advantageous height difference of the sunken garden are used to optimize the design of natural ventilation and induced ventilation fans;

[0008] S5: Basement depth control and spatial planning. Determine whether to include a mezzanine floor based on the target customer group or market positioning, and control the depth of the underground parking garage. Select the appropriate parking method that matches the project's parking ratio, and plan the width and direction of the driveways. S6: Cost calculation and analysis. Further extend and expand this design method from both product positioning and cost optimization perspectives.

[0009] Furthermore, the geological survey of the project site in step S1 includes: the thickness of the soil covering layer for the greening of the basement, the requirements for the openness rate of the raised basement, and the geological survey report including the soil bearing capacity, foundation type, bearing layer depth, and anti-buoyancy water level.

[0010] Furthermore, the collection of project building planning data in step S1 includes: building layout, building spacing, number of floors, and building functional requirements; the building layout includes: row-and-column arrangement, perimeter layout, point-and-group layout, and mixed layout; the number of floors includes: low-rise buildings, multi-story buildings, and high-rise buildings; low-rise buildings are 1-3 floors; multi-story buildings are 4-10 floors; and high-rise buildings are 11 floors and above; the building functional requirements include living space, auxiliary space, leisure space, and supporting facilities.

[0011] Furthermore, the analysis in step S1 of the construction cost composition of the underground parking garage in the original traditional planning scheme includes: earthwork excavation cost, structural construction cost, waterproofing cost, and ventilation and lighting equipment installation cost.

[0012] Furthermore, step S2 includes: S2.1: Column grid layout analysis, based on the building's function and spatial requirements, a detailed analysis of the existing structural column grid of the above-ground building is conducted; S2.2: Column grid optimization, a detailed calculation and analysis of the structural stress is performed, and a regular column grid form is adopted for optimization, ensuring that the column grid layout can withstand the loads of both above-ground and underground structures; S2.3: Column grid regularization, by adjusting the position and spacing of columns, and by adding or removing some structural columns, the column grid is made more regular and orderly. Transfer beams or transfer trusses and other structural components are set at required locations to complete the transition between different column grid sizes; a transfer layer is set, the height and structural form of which need to be adjusted according to the specific circumstances of the project.

[0013] Furthermore, step S6 includes different product positioning in the market, namely, whether an underground mezzanine needs to be set up or not; if an underground mezzanine needs to be set up, the burial depth of the basement is controlled at 6-7m, and the structural design and space utilization of the mezzanine are optimized; if an underground mezzanine does not need to be set up, the burial depth of the basement is controlled at 4-5m, and the functional requirements are met by optimizing the structure and spatial layout.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] (I) Compared with traditional conventional design schemes, the present invention reduces the amount of engineering work: Specifically: 1. In terms of excavation plane, by setting the underground garage driveway and parking space below the main building, the excavation of the garage between buildings is reduced, effectively integrating and utilizing the ineffective underground space of the main building, and the underground garage building area can be reduced by 20% to 40%; 2. In terms of excavation depth, by setting the driveway and parking space below the main building, the impact of the 1.5-meter thickness of the overburden layer on the underground garage between buildings is avoided;

[0016] (II) Compared with the original conventional design scheme, the present invention reduces the cost of civil engineering structure: Specifically: 1. By setting the underground parking garage driveway and parking spaces under the main building, the ineffective underground space of the main building is effectively integrated and utilized, the parking efficiency per unit area of ​​the underground garage is improved, and the total building area of ​​the underground garage is reduced; 2. By setting the underground parking garage driveway and parking spaces under the main building, the redundancy of the original main building foundation structure design can be effectively integrated and utilized; 3. By replanning, regulating and optimizing the column grid of the main structure, through column grid layout analysis, optimization and regulation, the column grid can better bear the load of the above-ground and underground structures, is more regular and orderly, and enhances the overall structural stability;

[0017] (III) This invention adopts an innovative design that combines natural ventilation and induced ventilation by taking advantage of the elevation difference between the pipe gallery, light well, and sunken garden;

[0018] (iv) The present invention selects whether to provide a mezzanine or not based on the product market positioning, which not only meets different market demands, but also avoids unnecessary cost overruns, while optimizing the mezzanine structure design and space utilization, and improving space utilization.

[0019] (v) The direct economic benefits generated by the present invention in applicable projects can achieve a considerable saving of 40%-80% compared with the original conventional design scheme. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is the first solution of the present invention that does not include a mezzanine layer;

[0022] Figure 3 This is the second solution of the present invention that does not include a mezzanine layer;

[0023] Figure 4 This is the third solution of the present invention that does not include a mezzanine layer;

[0024] Figure 5 This is the first option for the bonus mezzanine layer in this invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is the second option for the complimentary interlayer in this invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is the third option for the complimentary interlayer in this invention; Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, while the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a building basement layout method based on structural optimization, including the following steps:

[0029] S1: Preliminary project research, including: geological survey of the project site, collection of project architectural planning data, and analysis of the construction cost composition of the underground parking garage in the original planning scheme; summarizing and drawing conclusions from the above research; the geological survey includes: the thickness of the soil cover layer for the underground parking garage, the required openness rate of the raised underground parking garage, and the geological survey report including the soil bearing capacity, foundation type, bearing layer depth, and anti-buoyancy water level; the collection of project architectural planning data includes: building layout, building spacing, number of building floors, and building functional requirements; the building layout includes: row layout, perimeter layout, point cluster layout, and mixed layout; different layouts not only affect the overall spatial form and visual effect of the building, but are also closely related to land utilization, building spacing planning, and ventilation and lighting; the planning of building spacing can both increase living costs and, to a certain extent, optimize the setting of the underground parking garage, reducing unnecessary cost expenditures; the number of building floors includes: low-rise buildings, multi-story buildings, and high-rise buildings; low-rise buildings are 1-3 stories; multi-story buildings are 4-10 stories; high-rise buildings are... The building has 11 floors or more; buildings with different numbers of floors differ in structural design, construction technology, and supporting facilities, thus affecting construction costs; the functional requirements of the building include living space, auxiliary space, leisure space, and supporting facilities; the analysis of the construction cost composition of underground parking garages in the original traditional planning scheme includes: earthwork excavation cost, structural construction cost, waterproofing cost, and ventilation and lighting equipment installation cost; specifically, earthwork excavation cost is affected by site topography, geological conditions, and the scale of the underground parking garage. Accurate cost assessment can provide a basis for optimizing earthwork engineering; structural construction cost can be reduced while ensuring safety; the anti-buoyancy design comprehensively and systematically summarizes and concludes the above research content, which not only provides a clear understanding of the project in the early stages of development, but also, based on the research positioning analysis and cost comparison analysis of adaptability, helps developers find cost-friendly solutions, while providing more attractive alternative living experiences, reducing sales risks, and maximizing the economic and social benefits of the project.

[0030] S2: Structural column grid optimization and regularization. Based on the functional requirements and spatial layout of the building, the column grid of the main structure is replanned, and irregular column grids are regularized and optimized. Step S2 includes:

[0031] S2.1: Column grid layout analysis. Based on the building's function and spatial requirements, a detailed analysis of the original structural column grid of the above-ground building is conducted. This step requires consideration of how different areas utilize space.

[0032] S2.2: Column Grid Optimization. Detailed calculations and analyses of structural stress are performed, and a regular column grid is adopted for optimization. This column grid layout can withstand the loads of both above-ground and underground structures. Specifically, operators use pre-set structural analysis software and mechanical calculation methods to simulate various possible load conditions, such as vertical dead loads and live loads, and horizontal wind loads and seismic effects. Based on the results, an appropriate column grid form is selected for construction, thereby improving the overall stability of the results. S2.3: Column Grid Regularization. The column grid is optimized at a micro-level by adjusting the position and spacing of columns, based on structural calculation results and space usage requirements. By adding or removing some structural columns, the column grid becomes more regular and orderly. Transfer beams or transfer trusses are set at necessary locations to complete the transition between different column grid sizes. A transfer layer is set, the height and structural form of which need to be adjusted according to the specific circumstances of the project. Specifically, the transfer layer needs to be comprehensively considered and flexibly adjusted in conjunction with the building's functional layout, structural stress characteristics, and economic factors.

[0033] S3: Spatial height optimization processing. Based on structural stress calculations, the location and height of the main beams to be turned up are determined. Specifically, operators use preset structural analysis and calculation software to simulate various loads borne by the building under different working conditions, including vertical dead loads, live loads, and horizontal wind loads and seismic effects. A detailed analysis of the stress state of each main beam under different load combinations is required to better meet structural stress requirements and space usage needs. Then, the nodes after the main beams are turned up are processed to strengthen the connection strength and seismic performance. Specifically, seismic-resistant structures are set in the node areas. When an earthquake occurs, these structures can effectively absorb and dissipate seismic energy, delaying the structural failure process and ensuring that the building structure remains relatively stable under seismic action, thus buying valuable time for evacuation and rescue operations. Through comprehensive, meticulous, and scientific processing of the nodes after the main beams are turned up, not only is the connection strength of the nodes strengthened, but the seismic performance of the entire building structure is also significantly improved, providing a solid and reliable guarantee for the long-term safe use of the building.

[0034] S4: Optimized layout of ventilation ducts and equipment. In combination with the spatial layout and airflow organization requirements of the underground garage, innovative design optimization is adopted to combine natural supply and exhaust ventilation with the advantageous elevation difference of the ducts, light wells, and sunken gardens, as well as the design optimization of the induction fan.

[0035] S5: Basement Depth Control and Spatial Planning. Basement depth control and spatial planning, determining whether to set up a complimentary mezzanine based on customer groups or market position, controlling the depth of the underground garage; selecting the corresponding parking method that matches the project's parking ratio, and planning the width and direction of the driveways; specifically including different product positioning in the market, dividing into those that require a complimentary underground mezzanine and those that do not.

[0036] An underground mezzanine needs to be constructed, with the burial depth of the underground parking garage controlled at 6-7m. At the same time, the structural design and space utilization of the mezzanine should be optimized to meet the basic requirements for setting up the mezzanine and the main space of the underground parking garage, without significantly increasing costs due to excessive burial depth. Based on the purpose of the mezzanine, the structural column grid should be rationally arranged, and the size and reinforcement of beams and columns should be optimized to improve utilization.

[0037] There is no need to set up an underground mezzanine. The burial depth of the basement is controlled at 4-5m. By optimizing the structure and spatial layout, the functional requirements can be met. If the mezzanine is not required, the amount of earthwork excavation can be effectively reduced, the cost of foundation construction can be reduced, the construction period can be shortened, and the economic benefits of the project can be improved.

[0038] By flexibly controlling the depth of the underground parking garage based on market product positioning and optimizing the structure and spatial layout for different situations, it is possible not only to effectively meet the diverse needs of the market, but also to find the best balance between cost control and functional realization, thereby improving the overall quality and competitiveness of the underground parking garage of the building project.

[0039] S6: Cost calculation and analysis, and further extend and expand this design method from the perspectives of product positioning and cost optimization.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for underground parking garages suitable for low-density residential areas, characterized in that: Including the following step: S1: Preliminary project research, including: geological survey of the project site, collection of project building planning data, and analysis of the construction cost composition of the underground parking garage in the original planning scheme; summarizing and drawing conclusions from the above research. S2: Structural column grid optimization and regularization. Based on the functional requirements and spatial layout of the building, the column grid of the main structure is re-planned, and irregular column grids are regularized and optimized. S3: Spatial height optimization processing. Based on structural stress calculations, determine the position and height of the main beam that needs to be turned up, and process the nodes of the main beam after it is turned up to strengthen the connection strength and seismic performance of the nodes. S4: Optimized layout of ventilation ducts and equipment. In combination with the spatial layout and airflow organization requirements of the underground garage, innovative design optimization is adopted to combine natural supply and exhaust ventilation with the advantageous elevation difference of the ducts, light wells, and sunken gardens, as well as the design optimization of the induction fan. S5: Basement depth control and spatial planning. Determine whether to include a mezzanine floor based on the target customer group or market positioning, and control the depth of the underground parking garage; select the appropriate parking method that matches the project's parking ratio, and plan the width and direction of the driveways. S6: Cost calculation and analysis, and further extend and expand this design method from the perspectives of product positioning and cost optimization.

2. The underground parking garage design method for low-density residential areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological survey of the project site in step S1 includes: the thickness of the soil covering layer for the greening of the basement, the requirements for the openness rate of the raised basement, and the geological survey report including the soil bearing capacity, foundation type, bearing layer depth, and anti-buoyancy water level.

3. The underground parking garage design method for low-density residential areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collection of project building planning data in step S1 includes: building layout, building spacing, number of floors, and building functional requirements; The layout forms of the buildings include: row and column arrangement, perimeter layout, point group layout, and mixed layout; The number of building floors includes: low-rise buildings, multi-story buildings, and high-rise buildings; low-rise buildings have 1-3 floors; multi-story buildings have 4-10 floors; and high-rise buildings have 11 floors or more. The building's functional requirements include living space, auxiliary space, leisure space, and supporting facilities.

4. The underground parking garage design method for low-density residential areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The analysis in step S1 of the original traditional planning scheme for the construction cost of underground parking garages includes: earthwork excavation cost, structural conversion cost, waterproofing cost, and ventilation and lighting equipment installation cost.

5. The underground parking garage design method applicable to low-density residential areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 includes: S2.1: Column grid layout analysis. Based on the building's function and spatial requirements, a detailed analysis of the original structural column grid of the above-ground building is conducted. S2.2: Column grid optimization, which involves detailed calculation and analysis of structural stress and optimization using a regular column grid layout that can withstand the loads of both above-ground and underground structures; S2.3: The column grid is regular. By adjusting the position and spacing of the columns, and by adding or removing some structural columns, the column grid is made more regular and orderly. Transition beams or transition trusses and other structural components are set at the required locations to complete the transition between different column grid sizes. A transition layer is set. The height and structural form of the transition layer need to be adjusted according to the specific circumstances of the project.

6. The underground parking garage design method for low-density residential areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 step includes different product positioning in the market, which is divided into those that require setting up an underground gift mezzanine and those that do not. An underground mezzanine needs to be constructed to control the burial depth of the basement to 6-7m, while optimizing the structural design and space utilization of the mezzanine. There is no need to set up an underground mezzanine. The burial depth of the basement is controlled at 4-5m. By optimizing the structure and spatial layout, the functional requirements can be met.

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