Evaluation and reconstruction optimization method for vertical function separation of existing building

Abstract

This paper presents a method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional separation of existing buildings, relating to the field of building renovation technology. The method includes: S1. Obtaining building function and traffic information, constructing a vertical traffic topology map, and determining basic electrical conductance. S2. Generating candidate hierarchical schemes, identifying cross-zone edges, and correcting electrical conductance using a functional similarity factor to form a composite electrical conductance network. S3. Constructing a two-terminal network, calculating the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance and vertical functional separation degree, and screening potential schemes. S4. Determining the edge resistance contribution and three-scale ratio based on node potentials to determine the renovation direction. S5. Searching for cross-zone separation measures under constraints and an objective function; when traffic capacity is insufficient, prioritizing facility efficiency improvements and in-zone capacity additions to form an initial scheme. S6. Locally optimizing the initial scheme to obtain a locally optimal scheme. S7. Comparing and selecting the final scheme according to the objective function. This method can quantify vertical functional separation, locate the renovation direction, and balance traffic evacuation with renovation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building renovation technology, and more specifically, to a method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings. Background Technology

[0002] As urban development gradually shifts from incremental expansion to stock renewal, functional replacement of existing buildings has become an important way to revitalize existing buildings. Among them, vertical layered functional replacement can achieve the reconfiguration of different functions while preserving the main structure and traffic core of the building. However, different functional areas differ in terms of pedestrian flow characteristics, usage periods, and fire evacuation requirements. When sharing vertical transportation facilities such as staircases and elevators, it is easy to cause flow intersections and mutual interference.

[0003] Existing technologies typically employ methods such as building renovation evaluation, functional mix evaluation, functional compatibility evaluation, spatial graph theory analysis, and parametric optimization to analyze and optimize building spatial layout, functional relationships, or traffic resources. Among these, the functional mix evaluation method mainly relies on area ratio or number of functions, the functional compatibility method usually incorporates compatibility indicators, and the graph theory method is used to describe the connection relationships between spaces.

[0004] However, existing methods lack systematic and quantitative evaluation tools for the vertical functional layering renovation of existing buildings. They are unable to accurately reflect the actual interference caused by different functions through the vertical transportation network, and they also cannot uniformly incorporate factors such as usage time, pedestrian flow characteristics, and evacuation requirements into the spatial network analysis. At the same time, existing optimization methods are mainly applicable to continuous parameters and are not adaptable to discrete combination problems such as functional floor allocation, separation location, and adjustment of transportation facilities. They are also unable to simultaneously take into account the functional separation effect and constraints such as accessibility and fire protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings, in order to improve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] This invention provides a method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings, which includes steps S1 to S7.

[0007] S1. Obtain the building's functional and traffic space information, abstract the traffic space into nodes and edges to construct a vertical traffic topology map, and determine the basic electrical conductance of each edge based on the traffic facility's capacity. Further, S1 specifically includes: Obtain information on building functions and floors, scope of renovation, and configuration information for vertical traffic, horizontal traffic, entrances and exits, and other traffic nodes.

[0008] Traffic space is divided according to the locations of pedestrian flow divergence and merging. Vertical traffic space is divided by floor, and horizontal traffic space is divided by intersection, resulting in nodes. These nodes include corridor sections, lobbies, stairwells, elevator halls, elevator cars, entrances / exits, and doorways.

[0009] Edges are extracted based on the spatial connectivity between nodes. The edges include vertical traffic edges and horizontal traffic edges. Vertical traffic edges include stair edges, elevator edges, and escalator edges. Horizontal traffic edges include corridor edges, lobby connection edges, and doorway edges.

[0010] Label the functional area attributes, edge fire protection attributes, and spatial geometric attributes of nodes to construct a vertical traffic topology map.

[0011] The electrical conductivity of each side foundation is determined based on the traffic flow mechanism of the transportation facility: For the continuous flow edges corresponding to horizontal passages, stairs, and escalators, the basic conductivity is: .

[0012] In the formula, Representing an edge The basic electrical conductivity. This represents the turning reduction factor. This indicates the floor reduction factor. This represents the congestion reduction factor. Indicates the effective width of the channel. This indicates the passage capacity per unit width. Indicates the channel length.

[0013] For the batch flow edge corresponding to the elevator, the basic conductivity is: .

[0014] In the formula, This represents the equivalent conversion factor. This indicates the elevator's hourly transport capacity. Indicates the physical height.

[0015] Preferably, the traffic capacity includes vertical traffic capacity and horizontal traffic capacity, respectively: .

[0016] .

[0017] In the formula, This indicates the vertical passage capacity of the functional area. This indicates the horizontal traffic capacity of the functional area. Indicates the first The effective width of the staircase. This indicates the passage capacity per unit width. Indicates the first The hourly transport capacity of each elevator. Indicates horizontal channel The effective width. This represents the set of staircases that participate in the calculation of vertical passage capacity. This refers to the set of elevators that participate in the calculation of vertical passage capacity. This represents the set of horizontal channels that participate in the horizontal capacity calculation.

[0018] S2. Multiple candidate hierarchical schemes are generated based on the vertical arrangement of functional areas and the position of the hierarchical interface. Cross-area edges between different functional areas of each scheme are identified, and a functional similarity factor is determined based on the functional areas on both sides of the hierarchical interface. Then, the basic conductance of the cross-area edges is corrected to obtain a composite conductance network. Further, S2 specifically includes: Enumerate the vertical arrangement of functional areas and the feasible layered interface positions, and combine each vertical arrangement with the corresponding layered interface position to form a candidate layering scheme.

[0019] The functional area attributes of each node are determined according to the candidate hierarchical scheme, and the edges whose two endpoints belong to different functional areas are identified as cross-area edges.

[0020] Based on the usage time, pedestrian density, crowd composition, and fire evacuation characteristics of the functional areas on both sides of the layered interface, the similarity of usage time, pedestrian density, crowd composition, and fire evacuation correction coefficients are determined, and the functional similarity factor is also determined. .

[0021] In the formula, This represents the functional similarity factor. Indicates the similarity of usage time periods. This indicates the similarity in pedestrian density. Indicates the similarity of the population composition. This represents the fire evacuation correction factor.

[0022] Applying a functional similarity factor to the basic conductance of cross-region edges yields the composite conductance of cross-region edges. The conductance values ​​of intra-region edges remain at the basic conductance, thus forming a composite conductance network.

[0023] .

[0024] In the formula, Representing an edge The electrical conductivity value.

[0025] When the candidate layering scheme includes multiple layering interfaces, the continuous functional areas on both sides of each layering interface are determined, and the cross-area edge and corresponding composite conductivity network are determined for each layering interface.

[0026] S3. Merge the functional area nodes on both sides of the hierarchical interface into two ends of a two-terminal network. Calculate the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance based on the composite conductance network, and determine the vertical functional separation degree using the internal reference resistance of the function before modification as a reference. Select multiple potential hierarchical schemes based on the vertical functional separation degree of each candidate hierarchical scheme. Further, S3 specifically includes: Based on the candidate hierarchical scheme, determine the functional areas on both sides of the hierarchical interface, and short-join all nodes in the lower functional area to form a super source point. Connect all nodes in the upper functional area into a super remittance point. The edges originally connected to the nodes of each functional area are reconnected to the corresponding super nodes to form a two-end network.

[0027] For an undirected weighted graph formed by assigning composite conductance weights to each edge of the vertical traffic topology graph, construct the Laplace matrix. : .

[0028] In the formula, Represents a node With nodes The conductivity value of the boundary between them. Represents a node Its first The electrical conductance of the edges between adjacent nodes.

[0029] Calculate the Laplace matrix Moore-Penrose pseudoreverse and calculate the nodes With nodes The resistive distance between them: .

[0030] In the formula, Represents a node With nodes The resistive distance between them. and They represent the nth and nth elements in the pseudo-inverse matrix, respectively. Line number Column and number Line number The diagonal element of the column. The pseudo-inverse matrix is ​​represented by the first... Line number Off-diagonal elements of a column.

[0031] when , hour, For cross-functional equivalent resistance distance .

[0032] By injecting a unit current into the supersource and allowing a unit current to flow out from the supersink, the potentials at each node are obtained, and the currents on each edge are determined. .

[0033] In the formula, Representing an edge The current. and Representing edges respectively Two-end nodes and nodes The electric potential. Representing an edge The electrical conductivity value.

[0034] Calculate the internal reference equivalent resistance of the two functional areas on both sides of the layered interface before the modification, and take the average value to obtain the internal reference resistance of the function. To determine the vertical functional separation degree of the candidate hierarchical scheme.

[0035] .

[0036] In the formula, This indicates the degree of vertical functional separation.

[0037] In S3, the potential stratification scheme specifically includes: Calculate the initial vertical functional separation degree of each candidate hierarchical scheme without applying cross-zone separation modification measures. For a candidate hierarchical scheme that includes multiple hierarchical interfaces, the minimum value of the initial vertical functional separation degree of each hierarchical interface is taken as the overall initial vertical functional separation degree of the candidate hierarchical scheme.

[0038] The candidate layering schemes are sorted from high to low according to the initial vertical functional separation degree. This includes candidate layering schemes for multiple layered interfaces participating in the sorting according to the overall initial vertical functional separation degree, and a preset number of candidate layering schemes at the top of the sorting are selected as potential layering schemes.

[0039] Preferably, when a candidate layering scheme includes multiple layered interfaces, the vertical functional separation degree of each layered interface is determined, and the minimum value among the vertical functional separation degrees of each layered interface is determined as the overall vertical functional separation degree of the candidate layering scheme.

[0040] S4. For each potential stratification scheme, the side resistance contribution is determined based on the nodal potential obtained when calculating the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance, and the three-scale resistance contribution ratio is decomposed to determine the search direction for cross-segmentation modification measures. Further, S4 specifically includes: The contribution of edge resistance to each edge is determined based on the nodal potential and edge conductance calculated from the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance: .

[0041] In the formula, Representing an edge The contribution of resistance. and Representing edges respectively Two-end nodes and nodes The electric potential. Representing an edge The electrical conductivity value.

[0042] The contributions of edge resistance are classified, summed, and normalized according to edge type and topological location: .

[0043] .

[0044] .

[0045] In the formula, This indicates the proportion of resistance contribution at the channel level, corresponding to the horizontal traffic edge at the same level. This indicates the proportion of resistance contribution at each floor level, corresponding to the vertical traffic edges of adjacent floors. This indicates the proportion of resistance contribution at the traffic core level, corresponding to the aggregated resistance contribution of all floor-level vertical edges within the same traffic core. This represents the set of horizontal traffic edges on the same level. This represents the set of all edges on a cross-regional path. This represents the set of vertical traffic edges between adjacent layers. This represents the set of vertical edges of each floor level within the same traffic core.

[0046] In each layer of the functional areas on both sides of the layered interface, the corridor end node, the traffic core hall node, the stair platform node, and the functional entrance node are selected as representative nodes. The representative nodes on both sides are paired up, and the resistance contribution ratios at the passage level, floor level, and traffic core level are calculated for each representative node pair and the arithmetic mean is taken to obtain the resistance contribution ratios at the three scales.

[0047] By comparing the resistance contribution ratios at the corridor level and floor level, the traffic level corresponding to the larger resistance contribution ratio is identified as the priority for renovation. When the corridor-level resistance contribution ratio is greater than the floor-level resistance contribution ratio, horizontal separation renovations are prioritized. When the floor-level resistance contribution ratio is greater than the corridor-level resistance contribution ratio, vertical diversion renovations and staircase-specific renovations are prioritized. The edge resistance contributions of the vertical edges of each floor level within the same traffic core are aggregated and sorted, and the traffic core with the highest ranking is identified as the bottleneck traffic core.

[0048] The edge resistance contributions of each side are sorted from largest to smallest. The traffic edge with the highest value is identified as the bottleneck edge, and the traffic facilities corresponding to the bottleneck edge are identified as the target locations for cross-zone separation and reconstruction.

[0049] Edge sensitivity is determined based on nodal potential, edge current, and edge conductance. .

[0050] In the formula, Indicates the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance opposite side electrical conductivity The partial derivatives of . Representing an edge The resistance value, and .

[0051] Traffic edges are sorted from largest to smallest based on their absolute edge sensitivity value. The search direction for cross-zone separation and transformation measures is determined by combining the priority transformation level, bottleneck traffic core, bottleneck edge, and edge sensitivity ranking.

[0052] Preferably, the importance of a node is determined based on the current on each side. The node importance is used to sort nodes from highest to lowest, and the sorting result is used to determine the selection order for upgrading existing facilities and adding new facilities within the area.

[0053] .

[0054] In the formula, Represents a node Importance. Indicates flow through adjacent nodes edge The current value. This represents the total injected current.

[0055] S5. Under the preset constraints and objective function, search for cross-zone separation modification measures for each potential stratified scheme according to the search direction. When the cross-zone separation modification measures cause the traffic capacity to fail to meet the constraints, improve the efficiency of existing facilities and add facilities within the zone to supplement the capacity in sequence. After the constraints are met, continue the search to obtain the initial modification scheme.

[0056] Preferably, the constraints include that the vertical and horizontal passage capacity of each functional area is not lower than the corresponding initial level before the renovation, and that the number of available evacuation staircases in each functional area is not less than 2.

[0057] Preferably, the objective function is: In the formula, Representation scheme The comprehensive objective function value. Representation scheme The vertical functional separation value. This indicates the minimum effective improvement threshold for a single cross-regional separation and transformation measure. Representation scheme The number of cross-regional separation and transformation measures actually adopted in China. This represents the decision vector for the renovation plan, including the selection and location of layered locations, cross-zone separation renovation measures, efficiency improvement renovation of existing facilities, and addition of facilities within the zone.

[0058] Furthermore, in S5, the specific measures for cross-regional segmentation modification based on the search direction include: For each potential stratification scheme, simulated annealing was used to search for combinations of cross-zone separation and renovation measures within the combined space of vertical diversion renovation, horizontal separation renovation, and staircase specialization renovation, based on the search direction. The vertical diversion renovation adjusts the service range of existing vertical traffic facilities, converting shared facilities into dedicated zones. Specifically, elevator specialization is achieved by adjusting the floor-level stopping range of elevators, and the corresponding vertical traffic edges are split into independent vertical traffic edges for each functional area. The horizontal separation renovation includes separating building entrances and exits, implementing diversion partitions in the ground floor lobby, enclosing stairwells, and limiting the flow of people at elevator lobby entrances and exits. By adjusting the connectivity between horizontal traffic nodes, the basic electrical conductivity of the corresponding horizontal traffic edges is reduced or cut off, and the passage capacity of the corresponding horizontal passages is updated simultaneously. The staircase specialization renovation adjusts existing shared evacuation staircases to be dedicated to single functional areas, causing the corresponding floor-level vertical traffic edges to be excluded from cross-zone paths.

[0059] The cross-zone separation and modification measures obtained from each search are combined and applied to the potential stratification scheme. The vertical traffic topology map or corresponding edge conductance is updated according to the changes in traffic space caused by the combination of cross-zone separation and modification measures, and the vertical functional separation degree and the traffic capacity of each functional area are recalculated.

[0060] When the access capacity of any functional area fails to meet the constraints, existing facilities will be upgraded to compensate for the insufficient capacity. This upgrade includes increasing elevator speed, optimizing elevator operation and scheduling, optimizing stairwell access efficiency, widening corridors, and widening doorways. This is achieved by modifying the basic electrical conductivity parameters of the corresponding existing traffic facilities and simultaneously updating their access capacity. The upgrade does not alter the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the current combination of cross-zone separation measures.

[0061] If the energy requirements are still not met after upgrading existing facilities, then additional facilities within the zone will be added. These additional facilities include constructing dedicated elevators or dedicated evacuation staircases within the corresponding functional area, adding corresponding vertical traffic edges within the functional area, calculating the electrical conductivity of the new edges, and updating the traffic capacity of the corresponding functional area. The addition of facilities within the zone does not change the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the current combination of cross-zone separation measures. If the number of available evacuation staircases in any functional area does not meet the constraints after the staircase specialization upgrade, the number of evacuation staircases will be supplemented by adding facilities within the zone.

[0062] After replenishing the energy, the traffic capacity of each functional area is recalculated and the constraints are verified. If the constraints are met, the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the current cross-zone separation transformation measure combination is maintained. The search for cross-zone separation transformation measure combinations continues, and the transformation scheme is updated according to the simulated annealing rule. The transformation scheme obtained by the simulated annealing search is used as the initial transformation scheme.

[0063] S6. Based on the initial modification schemes corresponding to each potential stratification scheme, perform local optimization to obtain the corresponding locally optimal modification scheme. Further, S6 specifically includes: Based on the initial renovation plans corresponding to each potential stratification scheme, and combined with the search direction determined by S4, variable neighborhood searches are performed in the order of small neighborhood, medium neighborhood, and large neighborhood. The small neighborhood switches vertical diversion methods, adds or removes horizontal separation measures, or switches staircase-specific objects, and adjusts existing facility efficiency improvements and intra-area facility additions according to changes in cross-area separation renovation measures. The medium neighborhood adjusts the type or location of one or two cross-area separation renovation measures. The large neighborhood reconstructs the cross-area separation renovation scheme as a whole, adjusting the cross-area separation strategy, the number of cross-area separation renovation measures, and their combinations.

[0064] For each candidate redevelopment scheme generated in a neighborhood, the vertical traffic topology map or corresponding edge conductance is updated based on the cross-zone separation redevelopment measures in the candidate scheme, and the vertical functional separation degree is recalculated. The capacity of each functional zone is recalculated and constraints are verified based on the existing facility efficiency improvement and intra-zone facility additions adjusted according to the cross-zone separation redevelopment measures. Note that existing facility efficiency improvement and intra-zone facility additions do not change the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the combination of cross-zone separation redevelopment measures in the candidate neighborhood redevelopment schemes.

[0065] When the neighboring candidate modification schemes meet the constraints, the current modification scheme is compared with the objective function. If there is a neighboring candidate modification scheme with a larger objective function value, it is updated to the current modification scheme and the search is restarted in the smaller neighborhood. If there is no neighboring candidate modification scheme with a larger objective function value in the current neighborhood, the search proceeds to the next neighborhood.

[0066] The variable neighborhood search stops when any of the following conditions are met: The vertical functional separation degree improvement reaches the preset target and satisfies the constraints; all available modification measures have been tried and there is no further room for improvement; the vertical functional separation degree improvement in multiple consecutive iterations is less than the threshold. After stopping the variable neighborhood search, the locally optimal modification scheme for the corresponding potential hierarchical scheme is obtained.

[0067] S7. Based on the objective function, compare and select the best local modification schemes to obtain the final modification scheme. Further, S7 specifically includes: The objective function value of each local optimal modification scheme is determined, and the local optimal modification schemes are sorted from largest to smallest according to the objective function value. The local optimal modification scheme with the largest objective function value is determined as the final modification scheme.

[0068] When multiple locally optimal renovation schemes exist with the same objective function value, their vertical functional separation degree, number of cross-zone separation renovation measures, and functional area traffic capacity margin are compared sequentially. The locally optimal renovation scheme with a larger vertical functional separation degree is selected first. When the vertical functional separation degrees are the same, the locally optimal renovation scheme with fewer cross-zone separation renovation measures is selected first. When the number of cross-zone separation renovation measures is the same, the locally optimal renovation scheme with a larger functional area traffic capacity margin is selected as the final renovation scheme.

[0069] Preferably, the final renovation plan includes the functional type and vertical location of the functional area, the location of the layer interface, and the specific measures and locations for vertical diversion renovation, horizontal separation renovation, staircase specialization renovation, efficiency improvement renovation of existing facilities, and addition of facilities within the area.

[0070] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects: This invention employs network modeling of the vertical traffic space of existing buildings and incorporates quantitative analysis of differences in usage periods, pedestrian flow characteristics, and evacuation requirements across different functional areas. This enables an objective evaluation of the degree of vertical functional separation and a unified comparison of different renovation schemes. Furthermore, by considering constraints such as traffic capacity and fire evacuation, the functional layout and traffic facility renovation schemes are optimized, thereby improving the rationality, accuracy, and feasibility of vertical functional renovations of existing buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0071] Figure 1 It is a system block diagram of the evaluation and renovation optimization method for the vertical functional separation of existing buildings.

[0072] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the evaluation and renovation optimization method for the vertical functional separation of existing buildings. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0074] This embodiment provides a method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional separation of existing buildings. The method is performed in the following order: acquiring building function and traffic space information, generating candidate stratification schemes and constructing composite electrical conduction networks, calculating the vertical functional separation degree and screening potential stratification schemes, analyzing the three-scale resistance contribution and determining the search direction, searching for cross-zone separation and renovation measures, local optimization, and comprehensive comparison of multiple schemes.

[0075] In this embodiment, the building's functional information is used to determine the functional area composition and feasible vertical arrangement range of candidate layering schemes. This includes information such as the existing building's functions and floor information, the type of function to be renovated, the renovation scope, the renovation area, and the number of floors occupied by the renovated function. When the renovation task has already defined the initial location of the renovated function, the initial location of the renovated function can also be obtained. Candidate layering schemes are generated based on the vertical arrangement relationship of functional areas and feasible layering interface locations, and it is not required to set a separate "renovation target" parameter. For the target improvement amount of vertical functional separation, when the renovation task book or project requirements have given a preset target improvement amount, it is used as one of the stopping conditions for variable neighborhood search. When no preset target improvement amount is given, it does not affect the aforementioned modeling, evaluation, and optimization process. The search can be stopped based on whether all available renovation measures have been tried and whether multiple consecutive iterations have entered a convergence stagnation state.

[0076] This can be performed by an existing building vertical functional partitioning evaluation and renovation optimization device (hereinafter referred to as: optimization device). In particular, it is performed by one or more processors in the optimization device to achieve steps S1 to S7.

[0077] S1. Obtain the functional information and traffic space information of the building, abstract the traffic space into nodes and edges, construct a vertical traffic topology map, and determine the basic electrical conductivity of each edge according to the traffic capacity of the traffic facilities.

[0078] Specifically, the system acquires building function and floor information, renovation scope information, and configuration information for vertical traffic, horizontal traffic, entrances / exits, and other traffic nodes. The building function and floor information is used to determine the existing functions of each floor and the proposed functional area composition after renovation. The renovation scope information is used to limit the building scope participating in the generation of candidate stratification schemes. When the renovation task has determined the number of floors occupied by the renovated function, the redevelopment area, or the initial location of the renovated function, this information is used as input conditions for the subsequent generation of candidate stratification schemes.

[0079] Traffic space information can be obtained through manual input, BIM model export, or architectural drawing recognition, including the number and location of stairs, the number and location of elevators, the location of escalators, the width and direction of corridors, the location and area of ​​lobbies, the location and size of doorways, the number and location of building entrances and exits, as well as the configuration information of other traffic nodes such as vestibules and corridor intersections.

[0080] Traffic space is segmented according to the locations of pedestrian flow divergence and merging. Vertical traffic space is segmented by floor, and horizontal traffic space is segmented by intersection, resulting in nodes. These nodes include corridor sections, lobbies, stairwells, elevator lobbies, elevator cars, entrances / exits, and doorways. Edges are extracted based on the spatial connectivity between nodes. These edges include vertical and horizontal traffic edges. Vertical traffic edges include stair edges, elevator edges, and escalator edges, while horizontal traffic edges include corridor edges, lobby connection edges, and doorway edges.

[0081] Label each node with its functional area attributes, and label each edge with fire safety attributes and spatial geometry attributes. The functional area attributes of a node are determined based on the floor it is located on and its corresponding functional configuration. Fire safety attributes are used to identify fire escape staircases, fire elevators, and fire lanes, etc. Spatial geometry attributes include parameters required for subsequent basic electrical conductivity calculations, such as the effective width of the passageway, the passageway length, and the physical lift height. Based on this, construct a vertical traffic topology map: In the formula, This represents a vertical traffic topology diagram. Represents a set of nodes. Represents the set of edges.

[0082] For the same elevator that uses layered stops in different functional areas, the corresponding vertical traffic edges are determined based on its actual service range. When elevators are subsequently dedicated to specific functions through layered stops, the corresponding vertical traffic edges are split into independent vertical traffic edges for each functional area. For shared lobbies that are physically separated into two independent areas, the lobby nodes are split based on the actual connectivity after the physical separation, and the corresponding traffic edges are reconnected.

[0083] The foundation electrical conductivity of each side is determined based on the traffic flow mechanism of the transportation facility. The foundation electrical conductivity characterizes the physical traffic capacity of the transportation facility itself. The foundation electrical conductivity remains unchanged when the building's physical space and transportation facility parameters do not change. When subsequent modifications cause changes in the traffic topology, passageway width, passageway length, lift height, or transportation facility performance, the corresponding foundation electrical conductivity is updated.

[0084] For the continuous flow edges corresponding to horizontal passages, stairs, and escalators, the basic conductivity is: .

[0085] In the formula, Representing an edge The basic electrical conductivity. Indicates a traffic area. This represents the turning reduction factor. This indicates the floor reduction factor. This represents the congestion reduction factor. Indicates the effective width of the channel. This indicates the passage capacity per unit width, in units of 1000m. . Indicates the channel length.

[0086] In this embodiment, The value is determined based on the number of turns in the passage. For straight passages, the value can be 1.0, and for each additional 90° turn, it is multiplied by 0.9. This is used to represent the reduction of vertical passage relative to horizontal passage. Horizontal passage can be taken as 1.0, and the floor direction can be reduced by multiplying by about 0.87 for each floor increase. Based on the service level design of the access route, levels one, two, three, and four can be assigned values ​​of 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7, respectively. The corresponding personnel densities can be less than 0.54. 0.54~1.0 1.0~2.0 and not less than 2.0 . 30-50 can be taken Horizontal passageways and staircases Take the actual path length of the escalator. Take the actual step length. In specific projects, the above parameters can be determined based on actual survey data and relevant architectural design, personnel evacuation, and traffic facility specifications.

[0087] For the batch flow edge corresponding to the elevator, the basic conductivity is: .

[0088] In the formula, This represents the equivalent conversion factor. This indicates the elevator carrying capacity used for basic electrical conductance calculations. Indicates the physical height.

[0089] When the original elevator transport capacity is obtained as a single-hour transport capacity, in order to unify the capacity with other transportation facilities, it should be in accordance with... To calculate, first divide the elevator's hourly transport capacity by 60 to convert it to a transport capacity per minute, then use the converted transport capacity as... Participating in basic conductance calculations, namely: .in, This indicates the elevator's hourly transport capacity, in units of... . This indicates the converted elevator carrying capacity, in units of... .

[0090] The hourly transport capacity of an elevator can be determined based on the car capacity, load factor, and number of trips per hour. .

[0091] The number of shifts per hour can be determined based on parameters such as elevator speed, number of floors, and door opening and closing times. Used to calculate non-operational time such as waiting time and docking time. For low-rise buildings with less than 6 floors, the value can be 0.4; for mid-rise and high-rise buildings with 6 to 20 floors, the value can be 0.25 to 0.4; and for high-rise buildings with more than 20 floors, the value can be 0.17 to 0.25.

[0092] S2. Generate candidate hierarchical schemes based on the vertical arrangement of functional areas and the location of hierarchical interfaces. Identify cross-area edges between different functional areas of each scheme. Determine the functional similarity factor based on the usage time, population density, crowd composition and fire evacuation characteristics of the functional areas on both sides of the hierarchical interface. Correct the basic conductivity of the cross-area edges to obtain a composite conductivity network.

[0093] Specifically, based on the building function information obtained in S1, the functional areas participating in the vertical reconfiguration and the floor range that each functional area can occupy are determined. The conditions for generating candidate layering schemes include the vertical arrangement of functional areas and feasible layering interface locations.

[0094] For cases where two functional zones are arranged vertically, the vertical arrangement of the two functional zones and the corresponding feasible layering interface positions are enumerated. Each vertical arrangement and its corresponding layering interface position is combined to form a candidate layering scheme. The feasible layering interface positions are jointly limited by the total number of building floors, the scope of renovation, and the floor range or number of floors occupied by the functional zones already determined in the renovation task. When the renovation task has already limited the floors or functional positions that cannot be adjusted, the corresponding positions are not considered as feasible layering interface positions.

[0095] For scenarios where the modified functions are located in the middle of a building or where multiple functions are vertically arranged to form multiple layered interfaces, candidate layering schemes with multiple layered interfaces can be generated. For each layered interface, its two adjacent continuous functional zones are determined, and cross-zone edge identification, composite conductance calculation, cross-functional equivalent resistance distance calculation, and corresponding diagnostics are performed. For candidate schemes with multiple layered interfaces, the vertical functional separation degree of each layered interface is calculated, and the minimum value among the vertical functional separation degrees of all layered interfaces is determined as the overall vertical functional separation degree of the candidate layering scheme.

[0096] The functional area attributes of each node are determined according to the candidate hierarchical scheme. Edges with two endpoints belonging to different functional areas are identified as cross-area edges, and edges with two endpoints belonging to the same functional area are identified as intra-area edges.

[0097] Based on the usage time, pedestrian density, crowd composition, and fire evacuation characteristics of the functional areas on both sides of the layered interface, the similarity of usage time, pedestrian density, crowd composition, and fire evacuation correction coefficients are determined, and the functional similarity factor is also determined. .

[0098] In the formula, This represents the functional similarity factor. Indicates the similarity of usage time periods. This indicates the similarity in pedestrian density. Indicates the similarity of the population composition. This represents the fire evacuation correction factor.

[0099] The similarity of usage time periods can be determined based on the union of the overlapping operating time and the total operating time of the two functional areas: .

[0100] The similarity of pedestrian density can be determined based on the smaller and larger values ​​of pedestrian density in the two functional areas: .

[0101] In the formula, and These represent the personnel density of the two functional areas on either side of the layered interface, in units of... .

[0102] The similarity of population composition can be determined based on the smaller and larger values ​​of the equivalent coefficients of population mobility in the two functional zones: .

[0103] In the formula, and These represent the mobility equivalent coefficients for the two functional zones. A value of 1.0 can be used as the baseline for healthy young adults, while reference values ​​of 0.7, 0.6, 0.4, and 0.3 can be used for school-aged children, self-reliant elderly, semi-self-reliant elderly, patients, and wheelchair users, respectively.

[0104] The fire evacuation correction factor is determined based on the difference in evacuation levels between the two functional zones: 1.0 for the same level, 0.8 for a level difference, and 0.6 for a level difference. Evacuation levels can be classified according to categories such as elderly and childcare / medical buildings, densely populated buildings, and conventional public buildings. When actual survey data or project design parameters are available, the parameters for each dimension should be determined primarily based on the actual engineering data.

[0105] Applying a functional similarity factor to the basic conductance across regions yields the composite conductance across regions: .

[0106] In the formula, Representing an edge The conductivity value. For cross-regional edges, The composite conductivity is obtained by correcting the basic conductivity with a functional similarity factor.

[0107] For the boundary within the region, the conductivity value remains the basic conductivity. Based on this, a composite conductivity network corresponding to each candidate hierarchical scheme is formed.

[0108] S3. Merge the functional area nodes on both sides of the hierarchical interface into two ends of a two-terminal network. Calculate the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance based on the composite conductivity network. Determine the vertical functional separation degree with reference to the internal reference resistance of the function before the modification. Select multiple potential hierarchical schemes based on the initial vertical functional separation degree and traffic capacity of each candidate hierarchical scheme.

[0109] Specifically, based on the candidate hierarchical scheme, the functional areas on both sides of the hierarchical interface are determined, and all nodes in the lower functional area are short-joined to form a super source point. Connect all nodes in the upper functional area into a super remittance point. The edges originally connected to the nodes of each functional area are reconnected to the corresponding super nodes to form a two-end network.

[0110] For an undirected weighted graph formed by assigning composite conductance weights to each edge of the vertical traffic topology graph, construct the Laplace matrix. : .

[0111] In the formula, Represents the Laplace matrix The Line 1 Column elements. and Indicates the node index. Represents a node With nodes The conductivity value of the boundary between them. Represents a node Its first The electrical conductance of the edges between adjacent nodes. This represents the index of the adjacent node.

[0112] Calculate the Laplace matrix Moore-Penrose pseudoreverse and calculate the nodes With nodes The resistive distance between them: .

[0113] In the formula, Represents a node With nodes The resistive distance between them. and They represent the nth and nth elements in the pseudo-inverse matrix, respectively. Line 1 Column and number Line 1 The diagonal element of the column. The pseudo-inverse matrix is ​​represented by the first... Line 1 Off-diagonal elements of a column.

[0114] when , hour, For cross-functional equivalent resistance distance The cross-functional equivalent resistance distance is used to characterize the overall connection resistance formed by the transportation network between the functional areas on both sides of the hierarchical interface.

[0115] In one alternative implementation, besides using the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse method to solve for the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance, other methods capable of obtaining the equivalent resistance distance, such as the Krylov subspace approximation, random walk approximation, or spectral methods, can also be employed. Different solution algorithms only change the specific solution process, computational efficiency, or numerical accuracy; they do not alter the processing relationship for calculating the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance based on the composite conductance network and determining the vertical functional separation degree accordingly.

[0116] By injecting a unit current into the supersource and allowing a unit current to flow out from the supersink, the potentials at each node are obtained, and the currents on each edge are determined. .

[0117] In the formula, Representing an edge The current. and Representing edges respectively Two-end nodes and nodes The electric potential. Representing an edge The electrical conductivity value.

[0118] Calculate the internal reference equivalent resistance of the two functional areas before the modification, and take the average value to obtain the functional internal reference resistance. The reference equivalent resistance within each functional area can be obtained by shorting the bottom node of the corresponding functional area to one end and the top node to the other end, and then using the resistance distance calculation method described above. As a fixed reference value before the modification.

[0119] The vertical functional separation degree of the candidate hierarchical scheme is determined based on the internal reference resistance of the function and the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance: .

[0120] In the formula, This indicates the degree of vertical functional separation. This indicates the internal reference resistor before the modification. This represents the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance of the current candidate hierarchical scheme.

[0121] Calculate the initial vertical functional separation degree of each candidate hierarchical scheme based on the building's inherent traffic network, and determine the initial traffic capacity of each functional area before renovation, which will serve as the traffic capacity constraint baseline in the subsequent renovation and optimization process.

[0122] The vertical passage capacity of the functional area is: .

[0123] The horizontal traffic capacity of the functional area is: .

[0124] In the formula, Indicates the vertical passage capacity of a functional area, in units of . Indicates the horizontal traffic capacity of a functional area, in units of . Indicates the first The effective width of the staircase. This indicates the passage capacity per unit width, in units of 1000m. . Indicates the first The converted transport capacity of the elevators, in units of . Indicates horizontal channel The effective width. This represents the set of staircases that participate in the calculation of vertical passage capacity. This refers to the set of elevators that participate in the calculation of vertical passage capacity. This represents the set of horizontal channels that participate in the horizontal capacity calculation.

[0125] The candidate stratification schemes are sorted from high to low according to the initial vertical functional separation degree, and a predetermined number of candidate stratification schemes at the top of the ranking are selected as potential stratification schemes. The predetermined number can be determined according to the building scale, for example, 3 to 5, to control the calculation scale of subsequent combination search.

[0126] When the When the elevator is provided with its hourly transport capacity, a unit conversion should be performed first: .in, Indicates the first The hourly transport capacity of an elevator, in units of . This represents the converted transport capacity per minute, in units of... .

[0127] .

[0128] Calculate the initial vertical functional separation degree of each candidate hierarchical scheme based on the building's inherent traffic network. At the same time, determine the initial traffic capacity of each functional area before renovation, which will serve as the traffic capacity constraint baseline in the subsequent renovation and optimization process.

[0129] S4. For each potential stratification scheme, determine the edge resistance contribution based on the node potential calculated by the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance. Decompose each potential stratification scheme into three-scale resistance contribution ratios according to the channel level, floor level, and traffic core level, and determine the bottleneck traffic core, bottleneck edge, edge sensitivity, and node importance. Based on this, determine the search direction for cross-zone separation and renovation measures, as well as the selection order for upgrading existing facilities and adding facilities within the zone.

[0130] The contribution of edge resistance to each edge is determined based on the nodal potential and edge conductance: .

[0131] In the formula, Representing an edge The contribution of resistance. and Representing edges respectively Two-end nodes and nodes The electric potential. Representing an edge The electrical conductivity value.

[0132] side The resistance value and the side conductance satisfy the following relationship: .

[0133] In the formula, Representing an edge The resistance value.

[0134] The contributions of edge resistance are classified, summed, and normalized according to edge type and topological location: .

[0135] .

[0136] .

[0137] In the formula, This indicates the proportion of resistance contribution at the channel level, corresponding to the horizontal traffic edge at the same level. This indicates the proportion of resistance contribution at each floor level, corresponding to the vertical traffic edges of adjacent floors. This indicates the proportion of resistance contribution at the traffic core level, corresponding to the aggregated resistance contribution of all floor-level vertical edges within the same traffic core. This represents the set of horizontal traffic edges on the same level. This represents the set of all edges on a cross-regional path. This represents the set of vertical traffic edges between adjacent layers. This represents the set of vertical edges of each floor level within the same traffic core.

[0138] For each floor of the functional areas on both sides of the layered interface, select the corridor end node, traffic core hall node, stair landing node, and functional entrance node as representative nodes, and pair the representative nodes on both sides. If no representative node of a certain type exists, select the same type of traffic node with the closest spatial function as the representative node.

[0139] The current functional area is The upper functional area is When there are 4 representative nodes selected in each layer, the total number of representative node pairs is: .in, Indicates the floor number of the next functional area. This indicates the floor number of the upper functional area. This represents the total number of node pairs.

[0140] For each representative node, calculate the contribution ratio of resistance at the channel level, floor level, and traffic core level, and take the arithmetic mean: .

[0141] .

[0142] .

[0143] In the formula, This indicates that the node represents an index. Indicates the first The group represents the proportion of channel-level resistance contribution of the node pair. Indicates the first The group represents the floor-level resistance contribution ratio of the node pair. Indicates the first The group represents the proportion of traffic core-level resistance contribution of the node pair. , and These represent the proportions of resistance contribution at the channel level, floor level, and traffic core level, respectively, after arithmetic averaging of all representative nodes.

[0144] By comparing the resistance contribution ratios at the passageway level and floor level, the traffic level corresponding to the larger resistance contribution ratio is identified as the priority for renovation. When the passageway-level resistance contribution ratio is greater than the floor-level resistance contribution ratio, horizontal separation renovations are prioritized. When the floor-level resistance contribution ratio is greater than the passageway-level resistance contribution ratio, vertical diversion renovations and staircase-specific renovations are prioritized.

[0145] The edge resistance contributions of each floor's vertical edges within the same traffic core are aggregated and sorted, with the traffic core at the top of the sorted list identified as the bottleneck traffic core. The edge resistance contributions of each traffic edge are then sorted from largest to smallest, with the top-ranked traffic edge identified as the bottleneck edge. The traffic facilities corresponding to these bottleneck edges are then identified as the target locations for cross-zone separation and redevelopment.

[0146] Edge sensitivity is determined based on nodal potential, edge current, and edge conductance. .

[0147] In the formula, Indicates the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance opposite side electrical conductivity The partial derivatives of . Representing an edge The resistance value.

[0148] Traffic edges are sorted from largest to smallest based on their absolute edge sensitivity values. The search direction for cross-zone separation and transformation measures is determined by combining the priority transformation level, bottleneck traffic core, bottleneck edge, and edge sensitivity ranking.

[0149] The importance of each node is determined based on the current on each side. The node importance is used to sort the nodes from highest to lowest, and the sorting result is used to determine the selection order for upgrading existing facilities and adding facilities within the area.

[0150] .

[0151] In the formula, Represents a node Importance. Represents a node. Indicates flow through adjacent nodes edge The current value. This represents the total injected current, under unit current injection conditions. .

[0152] S5. Under the preset constraints and objective function, search for cross-zone separation modification measures for each potential stratification scheme according to the corresponding search direction. When the searched cross-zone separation modification measures cause the traffic capacity to fail to meet the constraints, improve the efficiency of existing facilities and add facilities within the zone to supplement the capacity in turn. After the constraints are met, continue the search to obtain the initial modification scheme corresponding to each potential stratification scheme.

[0153] The constraints include that the vertical and horizontal passage capacity of each functional area is not lower than the corresponding initial level before the renovation, and that each functional area has no less than 2 available evacuation staircases.

[0154] The objective function is: .

[0155] In the formula, Representation scheme The comprehensive objective function value. Representation scheme The vertical functional separation value. This indicates the minimum effective improvement threshold for a single cross-regional separation and transformation measure. Representation scheme The number of cross-regional separation and transformation measures actually adopted in China. This represents the decision vector for the renovation plan, including the selection and location of layered locations, cross-zone separation renovation measures, efficiency improvement of existing facilities, and addition of facilities within the zone. Among these, The count refers to cross-zone separation and renovation measures, namely vertical diversion, horizontal separation, and staircase specialization measures. Improvements to existing facilities and additions to facilities within the zone are considered constraint-based energy-saving measures and are not included in the number of cross-zone separation and renovation measures.

[0156] For each potential stratification scheme, simulated annealing is used according to the corresponding search direction determined in S4 to search for combinations of cross-zone separation renovation measures in the combined space of vertical diversion renovation, horizontal separation renovation, and staircase specialization renovation. The cross-zone separation renovation refers to renovation measures that actively improve the vertical functional separation. The efficiency improvement renovation of existing facilities and the addition of facilities within the area are not actively searched for combinations of cross-zone separation renovation measures, but are only passively triggered when the cross-zone separation renovation causes the passage capacity or the number of evacuation staircases to fail to meet the constraints.

[0157] Vertical traffic diversion is achieved by adjusting the service area of ​​existing vertical transportation facilities, transforming shared facilities into dedicated facilities for specific zones. Specifically, elevators are made dedicated by adjusting their floor-level stopping ranges, and the corresponding vertical transportation edges are split into independent vertical transportation edges for each functional area.

[0158] Horizontal partitioning renovation includes separating building entrances and exits, creating flow dividers in the ground floor lobby, enclosing stairwells, and limiting the flow of people at elevator lobby entrances and exits. After implementing horizontal partitioning renovation, the connectivity between horizontal traffic nodes is adjusted according to actual changes in traffic space, reducing or cutting off the electrical conductivity of the corresponding horizontal traffic edges, and simultaneously updating the traffic capacity of the corresponding horizontal passageways.

[0159] The staircase renovation project converts existing shared evacuation staircases into dedicated staircases for single functional areas, eliminating cross-area access routes on the corresponding floors. Even after the staircase renovation, the constraint that each functional area must have at least two usable evacuation staircases must still be met.

[0160] The cross-zone separation and transformation measures obtained from each search are combined and applied to the corresponding potential stratification scheme. The vertical traffic topology map or corresponding edge conductance is updated according to the changes in traffic space caused by the combination of cross-zone separation and transformation measures, and the vertical functional separation degree and the traffic capacity of each functional area are recalculated.

[0161] When the access capacity of any functional area does not meet the constraints, the existing facilities should be upgraded to improve their efficiency. Upgrading existing facilities includes increasing elevator speed, optimizing elevator operation and scheduling, optimizing stairwell access efficiency, widening corridors, and widening doorways.

[0162] The existing facility efficiency improvement and renovation project targets existing traffic facilities that have been assigned to the corresponding functional zones under the current cross-zone separation and renovation measures. This involves modifying the basic electrical conductivity parameters of the corresponding traffic facilities and simultaneously updating their traffic capacity. The purpose of the existing facility efficiency improvement and renovation project is to restore the traffic capacity of the corresponding functional zones. Elevator transport capacity is uniformly converted to [a certain value]. Comparison of subsequent traffic capacity.

[0163] If the energy requirements are still not met after upgrading existing facilities, then additional facilities within the area will be added. Adding facilities within the area includes constructing dedicated elevators or dedicated evacuation staircases within the corresponding functional area, adding corresponding vertical traffic edges within the corresponding functional area, calculating the electrical conductivity of the foundation for the new edges, and updating the traffic capacity of the corresponding functional area. If the number of available evacuation staircases in any functional area does not meet the constraints after the staircase specialization upgrade, the number of evacuation staircases will be supplemented by adding dedicated evacuation staircases within the corresponding functional area.

[0164] For the upgrading and renovation of existing facilities and the addition of facilities within the area, the adjusted or newly added traffic edges are all internal traffic edges within the functional area under the current combination of cross-area separation renovation measures. When constructing a two-terminal network for calculating the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance, all nodes in the same functional area are short-joined and merged to the corresponding super node. Therefore, the two endpoints of the internal traffic edges within the functional area are merged into the same super node, and their conductance changes or additions do not participate in the calculation of the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance between the super source point and the super sink point. Thus, the upgrading and renovation of existing facilities and the addition of facilities within the area are only used to update the functional area's traffic capacity and corresponding constraint status, without changing the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance and vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the current combination of cross-area separation renovation measures.

[0165] Specifically, the vertical functional separation degree is determined based on the pre-modification internal reference resistance and the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance corresponding to the current cross-zone separation modification measure combination. The pre-modification internal reference resistance remains unchanged during the modification and optimization process. For existing facility efficiency improvement and intra-zone facility addition, the corresponding edges are intra-functional zone traffic edges. When constructing a two-terminal network for calculating the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance, nodes in the same functional zone are merged into the corresponding super node. Changes or additions to the conductance of the intra-functional zone traffic edges do not alter the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance between different functional zones. Therefore, existing facility efficiency improvement and intra-zone facility addition are only used to update the functional zone's traffic capacity and corresponding constraint status, and do not re-determine the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the current cross-zone separation modification measure combination.

[0166] After replenishing the energy, the access capacity of each functional area is recalculated, and the access capacity and the number of available evacuation staircases in each functional area are verified to meet the constraints, while maintaining the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the current cross-zone separation renovation measure combination unchanged. After meeting the constraints, the search process for the cross-zone separation renovation measure combination is returned and the search continues until the simulated annealing stop condition is met. The renovation scheme is updated according to the simulated annealing rules, and the renovation schemes obtained by each potential stratification scheme through simulated annealing search are used as the initial renovation schemes for the corresponding potential stratification schemes.

[0167] S6. Based on the initial modification scheme corresponding to each potential stratification scheme, perform local fine-tuning in the variable neighborhood. Under the constraints, compare the candidate modification schemes in the neighborhood according to the objective function and update the current modification scheme until the stopping condition is met, and obtain the local optimal modification scheme corresponding to the corresponding potential stratification scheme.

[0168] Based on the initial modification schemes corresponding to each potential stratification scheme obtained in S5, and combined with the search direction determined in S4 for the corresponding potential stratification scheme, variable neighborhood search is performed in the order of small neighborhood, medium neighborhood, and large neighborhood.

[0169] The small neighborhood can switch vertical diversion methods, add or remove horizontal separation measures, or switch the specialization of staircases, and adjust the efficiency improvement and renovation of existing facilities and the addition of facilities within the area according to the changes in cross-area separation and renovation measures.

[0170] Adjust the type or location of one or two cross-zone separation renovation measures in the middle neighborhood, such as adjusting the object and location of vertical diversion, horizontal separation or staircase specialization measures.

[0171] The Greater Neighborhood has restructured the cross-regional separation and transformation plan as a whole, adjusting the cross-regional separation strategy, the number of cross-regional separation and transformation measures, and the combination of measures.

[0172] For each candidate redevelopment scheme generated in a neighborhood, the vertical traffic topology map or corresponding edge conductance is updated based on the cross-zone separation redevelopment measures in the candidate scheme, and the vertical functional separation degree is recalculated. The capacity of each functional zone is recalculated and constraints are verified based on the existing facility efficiency improvement and intra-zone facility additions adjusted according to the cross-zone separation redevelopment measures. Note that existing facility efficiency improvement and intra-zone facility additions do not change the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the combination of cross-zone separation redevelopment measures in the candidate neighborhood redevelopment schemes.

[0173] When the access capacity of any functional area fails to meet the constraints, the existing facility improvement and renovation and the addition of facilities within the area are adjusted according to the changes in the cross-area separation renovation measures. First, existing facility improvement and renovation are used to supplement capacity. If the constraints are still not met after existing facility improvement and renovation, then the addition of facilities within the area is used to supplement capacity. After supplementing capacity, the access capacity of each functional area is recalculated and the number of available evacuation staircases in each functional area is verified. Existing facility improvement and renovation and the addition of facilities within the area do not change the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the cross-area separation renovation measures in the neighboring candidate renovation schemes.

[0174] When a candidate modification scheme in the neighborhood satisfies the constraints, it is compared with the current modification scheme according to the objective function. If a candidate modification scheme in the neighborhood with a larger objective function value exists, it is updated to the current modification scheme, and the search is restarted in the smaller neighborhood. If no candidate modification scheme with a larger objective function value exists in the current neighborhood, the search proceeds to the next neighborhood.

[0175] When the renovation task book or project requirements specify a preset target increase in vertical functional separation, for the current potential hierarchical scheme, the variable neighborhood search of that potential hierarchical scheme is stopped when the increase in the current vertical functional separation relative to the initial vertical functional separation of that potential hierarchical scheme reaches the preset target and all constraints are met. The target increase is determined based on the specific functional combination and renovation requirements.

[0176] When the renovation task book or project requirements do not specify a target increase in vertical functional separation, it is not required to pre-determine a target increase. When all available renovation measures have been tried and there is no further room for improvement, or when the increase in vertical functional separation is less than the threshold in multiple consecutive iterations, the variable neighborhood search for the potential hierarchical scheme is stopped, and the locally optimal renovation scheme corresponding to the potential hierarchical scheme is obtained.

[0177] Following the above method, a variable neighborhood search is performed on the initial modification scheme corresponding to each potential stratification scheme to obtain the local optimal modification scheme corresponding to each potential stratification scheme.

[0178] In one alternative implementation, the global search for candidate hierarchical schemes can employ global optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms in addition to enumeration. Simulated annealing search for cross-regional partitioning modification measures can also employ global optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms or tabu search. Variable neighborhood local fine-tuning can also employ methods capable of achieving the corresponding local optimization process, such as dynamic programming or greedy search.

[0179] S7. Based on the objective function, compare and select the local optimal modification schemes to obtain the final modification scheme.

[0180] Each potential stratification scheme corresponds to a locally optimal renovation scheme with specific stratification locations, combinations of cross-zone separation renovation measures, existing facility efficiency improvement measures, intra-zone facility addition measures, vertical functional separation degree, and functional area accessibility. Because the stratification locations and vertical arrangement of functional areas differ among different potential stratification schemes, the vertical functional separation degree, the number of cross-zone separation renovation measures, and the functional area accessibility margin vary among the locally optimal renovation schemes. Therefore, the aforementioned objective function is used to conduct a unified comparison of each locally optimal renovation scheme.

[0181] Calculate the objective function value of each local optimal modification scheme, sort the local optimal modification schemes from largest to smallest according to the objective function value, and determine the local optimal modification scheme with the largest objective function value as the final modification scheme.

[0182] When multiple locally optimal renovation schemes exist with the same objective function value, the vertical functional separation degree of these schemes is first compared, and the scheme with the larger vertical functional separation degree is selected first. If the vertical functional separation degrees are the same, the number of cross-zone separation renovation measures is compared, and the scheme with fewer cross-zone separation renovation measures is selected first. If the number of cross-zone separation renovation measures is still the same, the remaining capacity of functional zones is compared, and the scheme with the larger remaining capacity of functional zones is selected as the final renovation scheme.

[0183] The capacity margin of a functional area is determined based on the difference between the capacity of the functional area after the renovation and the initial capacity of the corresponding functional area before the renovation. When a renovation plan involves multiple functional areas, the capacity margin of the functional area of ​​the renovation plan can be determined based on the minimum value of the capacity margin of each functional area, so that the comparison result reflects the functional area with the smallest safety reserve under the capacity constraint.

[0184] The final renovation plan includes the functional types and vertical locations of functional areas, the locations of layer interfaces, as well as specific measures and locations for vertical diversion renovation, horizontal separation renovation, staircase specialization renovation, efficiency improvement renovation of existing facilities, and addition of facilities within the area.

[0185] Using the above method, the building traffic space is first transformed into a vertical traffic topology map with functional zone attributes, fire protection attributes, and spatial geometric attributes, and a basic electrical conduction is formed based on the traffic capacity of traffic facilities. Subsequently, differences in usage time, pedestrian density, population composition, and fire evacuation between different functional zones are introduced into the cross-zone edge electrical conduction through a functional similarity factor, forming a composite electrical conduction network. Based on this, the initial vertical functional separation degree of each candidate stratification scheme is determined by the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance and the internal functional reference resistance, and multiple potential stratification schemes are screened according to the initial vertical functional separation degree. For each potential stratification scheme, the search direction for cross-zone separation modification measures is determined using edge resistance contribution, three-scale resistance contribution ratio, bottleneck traffic core, bottleneck edge, node importance, and edge sensitivity. Cross-zone separation modification measures are searched under traffic capacity and fire evacuation constraints, with existing facility efficiency improvement and intra-zone facility additions used to supplement energy when constraints are not met. Further, the initial renovation schemes corresponding to each potential stratification scheme are locally optimized to obtain their respective local optimal renovation schemes. Finally, the local optimal renovation schemes are comprehensively compared and selected according to the objective function to obtain the final renovation scheme, thereby realizing the closed-loop processing of evaluation and optimization of the vertical functional separation of existing buildings.

[0186] It is understood that the optimized device can be an electronic device with computing power, such as a portable laptop computer, desktop computer, server, smartphone, or tablet computer.

[0187] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings, characterized in that, include: S1. Obtain the functional information and traffic space information of the building, abstract the traffic space into nodes and edges to construct a vertical traffic topology map, and determine the basic electrical conductance of each edge according to the traffic facility capacity. S2. Generate multiple candidate hierarchical schemes based on the vertical arrangement of functional areas and the position of the hierarchical interface; identify the cross-area edges between different functional areas of each scheme, and determine the functional similarity factor based on the functional areas on both sides of the hierarchical interface; then correct the basic conductance of the cross-area edges to obtain the composite conductance network. S3. Merge the functional area nodes on both sides of the hierarchical interface into two ends of a two-terminal network, calculate the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance based on the composite conductivity network, and determine the vertical functional separation degree with the reference internal resistance of the function before the modification as a reference; select multiple potential hierarchical schemes based on the initial vertical functional separation degree of each candidate hierarchical scheme. S4. For each potential stratification scheme, determine the side resistance contribution based on the nodal potential obtained when calculating the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance, and decompose it to obtain the three-scale resistance contribution ratio, thereby determining the search direction for cross-zone separation modification measures. S5. Under the preset constraints and objective function, search for cross-zone separation transformation measures for each potential stratification scheme according to the search direction; when the constraints are not met, adopt the efficiency improvement transformation of existing facilities and the addition of facilities within the zone to supplement energy in turn, and continue the search after the constraints are met to obtain the corresponding initial transformation scheme. S6. Perform local optimization on each initial modification scheme to obtain the corresponding locally optimal modification scheme; S7. Based on the objective function, compare and select the local optimal modification schemes to obtain the final modification scheme.

2. The method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 specifically includes: Obtain information on building functions and floors, scope of renovation, and configuration information for vertical traffic, horizontal traffic, entrances and exits, and other traffic nodes; Traffic space is divided according to the locations of pedestrian flow divergence and merging. Vertical traffic space is divided by floor, and horizontal traffic space is divided by intersection, resulting in nodes. The nodes include corridors, lobbies, stairwells, elevator halls, elevator cars, entrances and exits, and doorways. Edges are extracted based on the spatial connectivity between nodes; the edges include vertical traffic edges and horizontal traffic edges. Vertical traffic edges include stair edges, elevator edges, and escalator edges, while horizontal traffic edges include corridor edges, lobby connection edges, and doorway edges. Label the functional area attributes, edge fire protection attributes, and spatial geometric attributes of nodes to construct a vertical traffic topology map; The electrical conductivity of each side foundation is determined based on the traffic flow mechanism of the transportation facility: For the continuous flow edges corresponding to horizontal passages, stairs, and escalators, the basic conductivity is: ； In the formula, Representing an edge Basic electrical conductivity; Indicates the turning reduction factor; This indicates the floor reduction factor; Indicates the congestion reduction factor; Indicates the effective width of the channel; Indicates the passage capacity per unit width; Indicates the channel length; For the batch flow edge corresponding to the elevator, the basic conductivity is: ； In the formula, Indicates the equivalent conversion factor; This indicates the elevator's hourly transport capacity; Indicates the physical height.

3. The method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that, S2 specifically includes: Enumerate the vertical arrangement of the functional areas and the feasible layered interface positions, and combine each vertical arrangement with the corresponding layered interface position to form a candidate layering scheme. The functional area attributes of each node are determined according to the candidate hierarchical scheme, and the edges whose two endpoints belong to different functional areas are identified as cross-area edges. Based on the usage time, pedestrian density, crowd composition, and fire evacuation characteristics of the functional areas on both sides of the layered interface, the similarity of usage time, pedestrian density, crowd composition, and fire evacuation correction coefficients are determined, and the functional similarity factor is also determined. ； In the formula, Indicates the functional similarity factor; Indicates the similarity of usage time periods; Indicates the similarity of crowd density; Indicates the similarity of the population composition; This indicates the fire evacuation correction factor; The functional similarity factor is applied to the basic conductance of the cross-region edges to obtain the composite conductance of the cross-region edges; the conductance value of the intra-region edges remains the basic conductance, thereby forming a composite conductance network. ； In the formula, Representing an edge The electrical conductivity value; When the candidate layering scheme includes multiple layering interfaces, the continuous functional areas on both sides of each layering interface are determined, and the cross-area edge and corresponding composite conductivity network are determined for each layering interface.

4. The method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes: Based on the candidate hierarchical scheme, determine the functional areas on both sides of the hierarchical interface, and short-join all nodes in the lower functional area to form a super source point. Connect all nodes in the upper functional area into a super junction. And the edges originally connected to the nodes of each functional area are reconnected to the corresponding super nodes to form a two-end network; For an undirected weighted graph formed by assigning composite conductance weights to each edge of the vertical traffic topology graph, construct the Laplace matrix. : ； In the formula, Represents a node With nodes The conductivity of the boundary between them; Represents a node Its first The electrical conductance of the edges between adjacent nodes; Calculate the Laplace matrix Moore-Penrose pseudoreverse and calculate the nodes With nodes The resistive distance between them: ； In the formula, Represents a node With nodes The resistive distance between them; and They represent the nth and nth elements in the pseudo-inverse matrix, respectively. Line number Column and number Line number The diagonal element of the column; The pseudo-inverse matrix is ​​represented by the first... Line number Off-diagonal elements of the column; when , hour, For cross-functional equivalent resistance distance ; By injecting a unit current into the supersource and allowing a unit current to flow out from the supersink, the potentials at each node are obtained, and the currents on each edge are determined. ； In the formula, Representing an edge The current; and Representing edges respectively Two-end nodes and nodes The electric potential; Representing an edge The electrical conductivity value; Calculate the internal reference equivalent resistance of the two functional areas on both sides of the layered interface before the modification, and take the average value to obtain the internal reference resistance of the function. To determine the vertical functional separation degree of the candidate hierarchical scheme: ； In the formula, This indicates the degree of vertical functional separation.

5. The method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that, When a candidate hierarchical scheme includes multiple hierarchical interfaces, the vertical functional separation degree of each hierarchical interface is determined, and the minimum value among the vertical functional separation degrees of each hierarchical interface is determined as the overall vertical functional separation degree of the candidate hierarchical scheme. In S3, the potential stratification scheme specifically includes: Calculate the initial vertical functional separation degree of each candidate hierarchical scheme without applying cross-zone separation modification measures; wherein, for a candidate hierarchical scheme including multiple hierarchical interfaces, the minimum value of the initial vertical functional separation degree of each hierarchical interface is taken as the overall initial vertical functional separation degree of the candidate hierarchical scheme. The candidate layering schemes are sorted from high to low according to the initial vertical functional separation degree. This includes candidate layering schemes for multiple layered interfaces participating in the sorting according to the overall initial vertical functional separation degree, and a preset number of candidate layering schemes at the top of the sorting are selected as potential layering schemes.

6. The method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 specifically includes: The contribution of edge resistance to each edge is determined based on the nodal potential and edge conductance calculated from the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance: ； In the formula, Representing an edge The contribution of resistance; and Representing edges respectively Two-end nodes and nodes The electric potential; Representing an edge The electrical conductivity value; The contributions of edge resistance are classified, summed, and normalized according to edge type and topological location: ； ； ； In the formula, This indicates the proportion of resistance contribution at the channel level, corresponding to the horizontal traffic edge at the same level. This indicates the floor-level resistance contribution ratio, corresponding to the vertical traffic edge of adjacent floors; This indicates the proportion of resistance contribution at the traffic core level, corresponding to the aggregated resistance contribution of all floor-level vertical edges within the same traffic core; Represents the set of horizontal traffic edges on the same level; Represents the set of all edges on a cross-regional path; This represents the set of vertical traffic edges between adjacent layers; This represents the set of vertical edges of each floor level within the same traffic core. In each layer of the functional areas on both sides of the layered interface, the corridor end node, the traffic core hall node, the stair platform node, and the functional entrance node are selected as representative nodes. The representative nodes on both sides are paired up, and the resistance contribution ratios at the passage level, floor level, and traffic core level are calculated for each representative node pair and the arithmetic mean is taken to obtain the resistance contribution ratios at the three scales.

7. The method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings according to claim 6, characterized in that, S4 also includes: Compare the resistance contribution ratios at the channel level and floor level, and determine the traffic level corresponding to the larger resistance contribution ratio as the priority renovation level; when the resistance contribution ratio at the channel level is greater than that at the floor level, prioritize searching for horizontal separation renovations; when the resistance contribution ratio at the floor level is greater than that at the channel level, prioritize searching for vertical diversion renovations and staircase-specific renovations; aggregate and sort the edge resistance contributions of the vertical edges of each floor level within the same traffic core, and determine the traffic core with the highest ranking as the bottleneck traffic core; The edge resistance contribution of each side is sorted from largest to smallest. The traffic edge with the highest value is identified as the bottleneck edge, and the traffic facilities corresponding to the bottleneck edge are identified as the target locations for cross-zone separation and reconstruction. Edge sensitivity is determined based on nodal potential, edge current, and edge conductance. ； In the formula, Indicates the cross-functional equivalent resistance distance opposite side electrical conductivity The partial derivatives; Indicates flow through adjacent nodes edge The current value; Representing an edge The resistance value, and ; Traffic edges are sorted from largest to smallest based on their absolute edge sensitivity values. The search direction for cross-zone separation and transformation measures is determined by combining the priority transformation level, bottleneck traffic core, bottleneck edge, and edge sensitivity ranking. The importance of nodes is determined based on the current on each side; the importance of nodes is used to sort the nodes from largest to smallest, and the sorting results are used to determine the selection order for upgrading existing facilities and adding facilities within the area. ； In the formula, Represents a node Importance; This represents the total injected current.

8. The method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the specific measures for cross-regional separation modification based on the search direction include: For each potential stratification scheme, simulated annealing is used according to the search direction to search for combinations of cross-zone separation and renovation measures in the combined space of vertical diversion renovation, horizontal separation renovation, and staircase specialization renovation. The vertical diversion renovation adjusts the service range of existing vertical traffic facilities, converting shared facilities into zoned specializations. Specifically, elevator specialization is achieved by adjusting the floor-level stopping range of elevators, and the corresponding vertical traffic edges are split into independent vertical traffic edges for each functional area. The horizontal separation renovation includes the separation of building entrances and exits, diversion partitions in the ground floor lobby, stairwell enclosure renovation, and flow restriction at elevator lobby entrances and exits. By adjusting the connectivity between horizontal traffic nodes, the basic electrical conductivity of the corresponding horizontal traffic edges is reduced or cut off, and the passage capacity of the corresponding horizontal passages is updated simultaneously. The staircase specialization renovation adjusts existing shared evacuation staircases to be dedicated to single functional areas, causing the corresponding floor-level vertical traffic edges to be removed from cross-zone paths. The cross-zone separation and transformation measures obtained from each search are combined and applied to the potential stratification scheme. The vertical traffic topology map or corresponding edge conductance is updated according to the changes in traffic space caused by the combination of cross-zone separation and transformation measures, and the vertical functional separation degree and the traffic capacity of each functional area are recalculated. When the access capacity of any functional area does not meet the constraints, the existing facilities are first upgraded to improve their efficiency. The upgrade of existing facilities includes elevator speed increase, elevator operation scheduling optimization, staircase access efficiency optimization, corridor widening and doorway widening. The basic electrical conductivity parameters of the corresponding existing traffic facilities are modified and the access capacity of the corresponding traffic facilities is updated simultaneously. The upgrade of existing facilities does not change the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the current cross-area separation transformation measures. If the constraints are still not met after upgrading existing facilities, additional facilities within the area will be added to supplement the energy supply. These additional facilities include adding dedicated elevators or dedicated evacuation staircases within the corresponding functional area, and adding corresponding vertical traffic edges within the corresponding functional area. The electrical conductivity of the new edges will be calculated, and the passage capacity of the corresponding functional area will be updated. The addition of facilities within the area will not change the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the current combination of cross-area separation measures. If the number of available evacuation staircases in any functional area does not meet the constraints after the staircase specialization renovation, the number of evacuation staircases will be supplemented by adding facilities within the area. After replenishing the energy, the traffic capacity of each functional area is recalculated and the constraints are verified. If the constraints are met, the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the current cross-zone separation transformation measure combination is maintained. The search for cross-zone separation transformation measure combinations continues, and the transformation scheme is updated according to the simulated annealing rule. The transformation scheme obtained by the simulated annealing search is used as the initial transformation scheme.

9. The method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, Vertical and horizontal traffic capacities are respectively: ； ； In the formula, Indicates the vertical passage capacity of the functional area; Indicates the horizontal traffic capacity of the functional area; Indicates the first The effective width of the staircase; Indicates the passage capacity per unit width; Indicates the first The hourly transport capacity of each elevator; Indicates horizontal channel Effective width; This represents the set of staircases involved in the calculation of vertical passage capacity; This refers to the set of elevators involved in the calculation of vertical passage capacity. This represents the set of horizontal lanes involved in horizontal capacity calculations. The constraints include that the vertical and horizontal passage capacity of each functional area is not lower than the corresponding initial level before the renovation, and that there are no less than 2 available evacuation staircases in each functional area. The objective function is: ； In the formula, Representation scheme The comprehensive objective function value; Representation scheme The vertical functional separation value; This indicates the minimum effective improvement threshold for a single cross-regional separation and renovation measure; Representation scheme The number of cross-regional separation and renovation measures actually adopted in China; This represents the decision vector for the renovation plan, including the selection and location of layered locations, cross-zone separation renovation measures, efficiency improvement renovation of existing facilities, and addition of facilities within the zone.

10. The method for evaluating and optimizing the vertical functional partitioning of existing buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, S6 specifically includes: Based on the initial renovation schemes corresponding to each potential stratification scheme, and combined with the search direction determined by S4, variable neighborhood searches are performed in the order of small neighborhood, medium neighborhood, and large neighborhood. The small neighborhood switches the vertical diversion method, adds or removes horizontal separation measures, or switches the specialization of staircases, and adjusts the efficiency improvement of existing facilities and the addition of facilities within the area according to the changes in cross-area separation renovation measures. The medium neighborhood adjusts the type or location of one or two cross-area separation renovation measures. The large neighborhood reconstructs the cross-area separation renovation scheme as a whole, adjusting the cross-area separation strategy, the number of cross-area separation renovation measures, and their combination. For each neighborhood candidate renovation scheme generated, the vertical traffic topology map or corresponding edge conductance is updated according to the cross-zone separation renovation measures in the neighborhood candidate renovation scheme, and the vertical functional separation degree is recalculated; the traffic capacity of each functional area is recalculated and the constraints are verified according to the existing facility efficiency improvement renovation and intra-zone facility additions adjusted according to the cross-zone separation renovation measures; wherein, the existing facility efficiency improvement renovation and intra-zone facility additions do not change the vertical functional separation degree corresponding to the cross-zone separation renovation measure combination in the neighborhood candidate renovation scheme; When the neighboring candidate modification schemes meet the constraints, the current modification scheme is compared with the objective function. If there is a neighboring candidate modification scheme with a larger objective function value, it is updated to the current modification scheme and the search is restarted in the smaller neighborhood. If there is no neighboring candidate modification scheme with a larger objective function value in the current neighborhood, the search proceeds to the next neighborhood. The variable neighborhood search is stopped when any of the following stopping conditions are met: the vertical functional separation degree improvement reaches the preset target and meets the constraints; all available modification measures have been tried and there is no further room for improvement; the vertical functional separation degree improvement in multiple consecutive iterations is less than the threshold; after stopping the variable neighborhood search, the local optimal modification scheme of the corresponding potential hierarchical scheme is obtained. S7 specifically includes: The objective function value of each local optimal modification scheme is determined, and the local optimal modification schemes are sorted from largest to smallest according to the objective function value. The local optimal modification scheme with the largest objective function value is determined as the final modification scheme. When multiple locally optimal renovation schemes exist with the same objective function value, the vertical functional separation degree, the number of cross-zone separation renovation measures, and the functional area traffic capacity margin of the multiple locally optimal renovation schemes are compared in turn. The locally optimal renovation scheme with a larger vertical functional separation degree is selected first. When the vertical functional separation degree is the same, the locally optimal renovation scheme with fewer cross-zone separation renovation measures is selected first. When the number of cross-zone separation renovation measures is the same, the locally optimal renovation scheme with a larger functional area traffic capacity margin is selected first as the final renovation scheme. The final renovation plan includes the functional types and vertical locations of functional areas, the locations of layered interfaces, and specific measures and locations for vertical diversion renovation, horizontal separation renovation, staircase specialization renovation, efficiency improvement renovation of existing facilities, and addition of facilities within the area.

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