Ecological restoration space delimitation method and device based on supply and demand of ecosystem services

Abstract

This application relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on ecosystem service supply and demand. The method includes: dividing a target area into assessment units at different levels; calculating the ecosystem service supply and demand index and the rate of change of the ecosystem service supply and demand index for each assessment unit in each level; determining a spatial weight matrix; inputting the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix into a correlation analysis model to obtain cross-level correlation analysis results; determining the ecological state of each assessment unit in the lowest level based on the ecosystem service supply and demand index, the rate of change, the spatial weight matrix, and the cross-level correlation analysis results; and formulating ecological restoration strategies based on the ecological state and the cross-level correlation analysis results. This application can achieve the scientific delineation of ecological restoration space and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of restoration strategies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a method and equipment for ecological restoration spatial delineation based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly prominent ecological and environmental problems, ecological restoration has become a key measure to maintain regional ecological security and enhance ecosystem service functions. Accurate delineation of ecological restoration space is a prerequisite for ensuring the efficient implementation of restoration work. Current technologies often delineate ecological restoration space based on a single dimension of ecosystem service supply and demand or simple spatial correlation analysis. For example, by calculating the supply and demand difference of ecosystem services in a single administrative unit or grid unit, areas with supply and demand imbalances are directly designated as restoration areas. However, this approach fails to consider the coupling effects of ecological processes between different assessment units, resulting in insufficient targeting of the delineated restoration space, difficulty in matching the hierarchical structure and complex ecological processes of the ecosystem, and consequently affecting the overall effectiveness of ecological restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problem of inaccurate ecological restoration space delineation in existing technologies, this application provides a method and equipment for ecological restoration space delineation based on ecosystem service supply and demand.

[0004] Firstly, this application provides a method for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services, employing the following technical solution: A method for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on ecosystem service supply and demand includes: The target area is divided into different levels of evaluation units; Calculate the ecosystem service supply and demand index and the rate of change of the ecosystem service supply and demand index for each assessment unit in each level; Determine the spatial weight matrix, input the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix into the correlation analysis model, and obtain the cross-level correlation analysis results; Based on the ecosystem service supply and demand index, the rate of change, the spatial weight matrix, and the cross-level correlation analysis results, the ecological status of each assessment unit in the lowest level is determined. Based on the ecological state and the results of the cross-level correlation analysis, an ecological restoration strategy is formulated.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solutions and dividing the assessment units into multiple levels, a multi-scale characterization of the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services can be achieved. By combining the complete process of supply and demand index and change rate calculation, cross-level correlation analysis, ecological status determination and restoration strategy formulation, the limitations of single-level analysis are broken, the correlation patterns of ecological supply and demand changes at different scales are accurately captured, and the scientific delineation of ecological restoration space is achieved, thereby improving the pertinence and effectiveness of restoration strategies.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that determining the spatial weight matrix includes: Determine whether there is an upstream / downstream relationship between any two evaluation units in the lowest level; For two evaluation units that do not have the aforementioned upstream and downstream relationship, the corresponding spatial weights are reset to zero; For two assessment units with the aforementioned upstream and downstream relationship, a multi-dimensional ecological process impact index is determined, and the corresponding spatial weight is calculated based on the multi-dimensional ecological process impact index; wherein, the multi-dimensional ecological process impact index includes: a hydrological impact index based on hydrological pathways, an atmospheric impact index based on atmospheric diffusion, a biological impact index based on species migration, and a topographic impact index based on topographic gradient. The spatial weight matrix is ​​constructed based on the spatial weights between every two evaluation units in the lowest level.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, we first screen the evaluation unit pairs with ecological correlation through upstream and downstream relationships, and eliminate interference from unrelated units to simplify the calculation. Then, we calculate the impact index based on multi-dimensional ecological processes such as hydrology, atmosphere, biology and topography, so that the quantification of spatial weights is more in line with the actual ecological interaction law. The constructed spatial weight matrix can accurately characterize the ecological impact intensity between units and improve the accuracy of correlation analysis results.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that: inputting the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix into the correlation analysis model to obtain cross-level correlation analysis results includes: Determine the higher level to which the target assessment unit belongs, and calculate the average rate of change of the ecosystem service supply and demand index of the higher level; wherein, the target assessment unit is any assessment unit in the lowest level; The correlation analysis model is invoked to calculate the degree of deviation between the rate of change of the target evaluation unit and the average rate of change. The correlation analysis model is invoked, and the spatial influence values ​​of the remaining evaluation units in the lowest level on the target evaluation unit are calculated based on the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix. The deviation degree and spatial influence value of each evaluation unit in the lowest level constitute the cross-level correlation analysis result.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, the higher level to which the target unit belongs is determined and the average rate of change is calculated to establish a benchmark for the overall trend of the level. By combining the correlation analysis model to calculate the degree of deviation and the spatial impact value, the difference between the target unit and the overall trend of the level is accurately identified, and the spatial interaction impact of the surrounding units on the target unit is quantified. The cross-level correlation analysis results provide a two-dimensional basis of hierarchical correlation and spatial interaction for ecological status determination, which helps to refine the ecological status determination.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as follows: determining the ecological status of each assessment unit in the lowest level based on the ecosystem service supply and demand index, the rate of change, the spatial weight matrix, and the cross-level correlation analysis results includes: Based on the spatial weight matrix, the downstream evaluation units of the target evaluation unit are determined, and the comprehensive influence value of the target evaluation unit on the downstream evaluation units is calculated. The change trend is determined based on the rate of change of the target evaluation unit; wherein the change trend is one of the following: degradation tendency, improvement tendency, and stabilization tendency. If the trend of change is the tendency of degradation or the tendency of improvement, then the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined based on the spatial impact value and the comprehensive impact value of the target assessment unit. If the trend of change is the stable tendency, then the ecological state of the target assessment unit is determined to be a stable state.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the comprehensive impact of the target unit on the downstream is first calculated to quantify its external ecological impact. Then, based on the rate of change, three trends are divided into degradation, improvement and stability. Different judgment logic is adopted for different trends. The stable tendency is directly judged as a stable state, while the degradation or improvement tendency is judged by combining the spatial impact value and the comprehensive impact value. This achieves the scientific classification of ecological status and provides a precise classification basis for the formulation of subsequent differentiated restoration strategies.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as follows: if the changing trend is the degradation tendency or the improvement tendency, then based on the spatial influence value and the comprehensive influence value of the target assessment unit, the ecological state of the target assessment unit is determined, including: The comprehensive influence value and the external influence threshold are compared to obtain the first comparison result; If the trend of change is the tendency of degradation, then the spatial impact value and the negative spatial impact threshold are compared to obtain a second comparison result, and the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result. If the trend of change is the tendency to improve, then the spatial influence value and the positive spatial influence threshold are compared to obtain a third comparison result. Based on the first comparison result and the third comparison result, the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the degree of external influence of the target unit is first clarified by comparing the comprehensive influence value with the external influence threshold; then, according to the different trends, the spatial influence value is compared with the threshold of the corresponding direction. The ecological state is refined through the double comparison results, so that the state judgment of the degraded or improved tending unit is more in line with its actual characteristics of external influence + influence from the surrounding area, and further improves the accuracy of ecological state judgment.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that: the ecological state includes an active degraded state, and the step of formulating an ecological restoration strategy based on the ecological state and the cross-level correlation analysis results includes: From the lowest level, select several assessment units whose ecological state belongs to an active degradation state; The evaluation units are arranged in descending order according to the absolute value of their respective deviations to obtain a repair priority list; The list of restoration priorities will be used as the ecological restoration strategy.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solutions, we focus on the core restoration target of active degraded units, and determine the restoration priority by sorting them in descending order of the absolute value of the deviation. We prioritize the key degraded units that have significant differences from the trends of higher levels, ensuring that restoration resources are concentrated on the areas that have the greatest impact on the regional ecological pattern, thereby improving the efficiency and overall effectiveness of ecological restoration.

[0016] Secondly, this application provides an electronic device that adopts the following technical solution: At least one processor; Memory; At least one application, wherein the at least one application is stored in memory and configured to be executed by at least one processor, the at least one application being configured to: execute the ecological restoration spatial delineation method based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services as described in any of the first aspects.

[0017] Thirdly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which adopts the following technical solution: A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed in a computer, causes the computer to perform the ecological restoration spatial delineation method based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services as described in any of the first aspects.

[0018] Fourthly, this application provides a computer program product, which adopts the following technical solution: A computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the ecological restoration spatial delineation method based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services as described in any of the first aspects.

[0019] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects: This application achieves a multi-scale characterization of the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services by dividing the assessment into multi-level units. By combining the calculation of supply and demand indices and rates of change, cross-level correlation analysis, ecological status assessment and restoration strategy formulation, the application breaks through the limitations of single-level analysis, accurately captures the correlation patterns of ecological supply and demand changes at different scales, and ultimately achieves the scientific delineation of ecological restoration space, thereby improving the pertinence and effectiveness of restoration strategies. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for delineating ecological restoration space based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 2 This application will be described in further detail.

[0022] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article, unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0025] It should be noted that, in the optional embodiments of this application, the data related to object information, when applied to specific products or technologies, requires the permission or consent of the object. Furthermore, the collection, use, and processing of this data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of the relevant countries and regions. In other words, if the embodiments of this application involve data related to an object, it must be obtained with the object's authorization and consent, the authorization and consent of relevant departments, and in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of the country and region. If the embodiments involve personal information, the acquisition of all personal information requires the individual's consent. If sensitive information is involved, the separate consent of the information subject is required. The embodiments also need to be implemented with the object's authorization and consent.

[0026] This application provides a method for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method provided in this application embodiment is executed by an electronic device, which can be a server or a terminal device. The server can be an independent physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing cloud computing services. The terminal device can be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, etc., but is not limited to these. The terminal device and the server can be directly or indirectly connected via wired or wireless communication. This application embodiment does not impose any limitations on this connection. The method includes steps S101-S105, wherein: S101. Divide the target area into evaluation units of different levels.

[0027] Specifically, the target area refers to the geographical scope within which ecological restoration needs to be carried out, which can be determined based on research or governance needs, such as a watershed, provincial-level administrative region, or ecological function zone. The assessment unit refers to the basic geographical unit obtained after spatially dividing the target area. Multiple levels of geographical units are divided according to a macro-meso-micro hierarchical logic, with the hierarchy determined based on the geographical scale, ecosystem structure, and management needs of the target area. The number of assessment unit levels and the division rules are determined by combining the natural geographical characteristics and administrative boundaries of the target area. For example, for a watershed, it can be divided into three levels: watershed (Level 1, macro level) – sub-watershed (Level 2, meso level) – small watershed (Level 3, micro level), with the micro level being the lowest level.

[0028] The specific spatial division operation can be carried out with the help of geographic information system software. Basic geographic data such as topographic elevation data, water system distribution map, and administrative division map of the target area can be loaded. The division of multi-level assessment units can be completed by using grid division method or natural boundary division method: If the target area has flat terrain and simple ecological type, grid division method is used. A uniform grid size is set to generate grid units of different levels. The size of the third-level grid unit can be 1km×1km. The first-level grid is composed of multiple second-level grids, and the second-level grid is composed of multiple third-level grids. Each first-level grid, second-level grid and third-level grid is an assessment unit. If the target area has complex terrain and clear ecological boundaries, natural boundary division method is used. Based on natural boundaries such as watersheds and mountain ranges, watershed, sub-watershed and small watershed level units are divided.

[0029] S102. Calculate the ecosystem service supply and demand index and the rate of change of the ecosystem service supply and demand index for each assessment unit in each level.

[0030] Specifically, ecosystem service supply refers to the capacity of an ecosystem to provide products and benefits to humans, such as water conservation, soil retention, carbon sequestration, and habitat quality. Ecosystem service demand refers to the consumption or appropriation of ecosystem products and benefits by human socio-economic activities, such as water consumption for domestic and industrial use, soil erosion tolerance, carbon emissions, and habitat encroachment by construction land expansion. The Ecosystem Service Supply-Demand Index (ESSDI) is a dimensionless comprehensive indicator used to characterize the balance between ecosystem service supply and demand within a specific assessment unit. ESSDI can be calculated as the standardized ratio of supply to demand; a higher ESSDI value indicates a better surplus, while a lower value indicates a more severe deficit.

[0031] Collect at least two periods of land use / cover data, meteorological data, soil data, vegetation index (NDVI) data, and socioeconomic statistics (population, GDP), etc. This embodiment does not limit the calculation methods for supply and demand. Optionally, for supply, for selected core services (such as water conservation, soil retention, carbon sequestration, and habitat quality), specialized models, such as the InVEST model, RUSLE model, and CASA model, can be used to calculate the supply of each ecosystem service at two time points for each L3 assessment unit. For demand, various methods can be used to estimate demand; for example, soil retention demand can be estimated using the allowable soil loss method, and carbon demand can be estimated using the carbon emission inventory method.

[0032] For each assessment unit within each level, the ESSDI at time t1 and time t2 are calculated separately. t1 and t2 correspond to different years, with t1 preceding t2 on the time axis. The rate of change R = ESSDIt2 - ESSDIt1. R reflects the dynamic trend of ESSDI over a certain time interval. R ≥ 0 indicates an increase in the supply and demand index, suggesting that the corresponding region has the potential for improved ecosystem services. R < 0 indicates a decrease in the supply and demand index, suggesting that the corresponding region's future ecological environment is likely to deteriorate.

[0033] S103. Determine the spatial weight matrix, input the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix into the correlation analysis model, and obtain the cross-level correlation analysis results.

[0034] The spatial weight matrix W is an n×n matrix that characterizes the strength of spatial interactions between assessment units, where n is the number of assessment units at the lowest level. The element Wab in the spatial weight matrix represents the spatial influence weight of assessment unit a on assessment unit b through ecological processes, reflecting the degree of coupling between the ecological processes of the two units. The correlation analysis model is a mathematical model used to quantify the cross-level correlation characteristics and spatial mutual influence degree of the supply and demand index change rate of assessment units. It can be constructed based on statistical methods or machine learning algorithms.

[0035] Taking any assessment unit in the lowest level as the target assessment unit, the higher levels to which the target assessment unit belongs are determined. The average rate of change of the ecosystem service supply and demand index at the higher levels is calculated. The correlation analysis model uses a built-in algorithm to calculate the deviation between the rate of change of the target assessment unit and the average rate of change. Based on the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix, the correlation analysis model uses a built-in algorithm to calculate the spatial impact of the remaining assessment units in the lowest level on the target assessment unit. The cross-level correlation analysis results comprehensively reflect the deviation between the rate of change of the lowest-level assessment units and the average rate of change of the higher levels, as well as the spatial impact values ​​among the units in the lowest level, and are used to reveal the correlation patterns of ecosystem service supply and demand changes at different scales.

[0036] S104. Based on the ecosystem service supply and demand index, rate of change, spatial weight matrix, and cross-level correlation analysis results, determine the ecological status of each assessment unit in the lowest level.

[0037] Specifically, ecological status is a comprehensive diagnostic label for the health status of each assessment unit in the target area's ecosystem at the lowest level. It depends not only on its own changes but also on its external influence and internal carrying capacity. The comprehensive influence value refers to the total influence exerted by the target assessment unit on all its downstream assessment units, measuring its external influence capacity. The spatial influence value represents the weighted average influence of all other assessment units on the target assessment unit. The rate of change represents the changes within the target assessment unit itself.

[0038] The ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined by combining the rate of change, the comprehensive influence value, and the spatial influence value.

[0039] S105. Based on the results of ecological status and cross-level correlation analysis, formulate ecological restoration strategies.

[0040] Specifically, several assessment units in an active degradation state are selected from the lowest level. These units are the core targets of ecological restoration, as their degradation trend not only affects themselves but also has a significant negative impact on downstream units. The assessment units are then sorted in descending order of the absolute value of their respective deviations to obtain a restoration priority list. The ecological state of each assessment unit is mapped to a zoning map, and both the zoning map and the restoration priority list are output together as the direct basis for ecological restoration project planning and approval.

[0041] This embodiment achieves a multi-scale characterization of the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services by dividing the assessment into multi-level units. By combining the complete process of supply and demand index and change rate calculation, cross-level correlation analysis, ecological status determination and restoration strategy formulation, it breaks through the limitations of single-level analysis, accurately captures the correlation patterns of ecological supply and demand changes at different scales, and ultimately achieves the scientific delineation of ecological restoration space, improving the pertinence and effectiveness of restoration strategies.

[0042] One possible implementation of this application embodiment involves determining the spatial weight matrix, including: Determine whether there is an upstream / downstream relationship between any two evaluation units at the lowest level; For two evaluation units that do not have an upstream or downstream relationship, the corresponding spatial weights are reset to zero; For two assessment units with upstream and downstream relationships, a multi-dimensional ecological process impact index is determined, and the corresponding spatial weights are calculated based on the multi-dimensional ecological process impact index. The multi-dimensional ecological process impact index includes: a hydrological impact index based on hydrological pathways, an atmospheric impact index based on atmospheric diffusion, a biological impact index based on species migration, and a topographic impact index based on topographic gradient. A spatial weight matrix is ​​constructed based on the spatial weights between every two evaluation units in the lowest level.

[0043] In this embodiment, spatial topological data and hydrological topographic data of the lowest-level assessment unit are loaded, including digital elevation models, river network distribution maps, and confluence path maps. The data accuracy must match the scale of the lowest-level unit. Using the hydrological analysis tools of GIS software, the confluence direction of each assessment unit is calculated based on the digital elevation model data, the inlet and outlet locations of the unit are determined, and the spatial position of the unit in the overall hydrological network is clarified.

[0044] For any two assessment units a and b, we can determine whether there is an upstream-downstream relationship from several dimensions, such as hydrological pathways, atmospheric diffusion, species migration, and topographic gradient. If there is an upstream-downstream relationship in any dimension, then assessment units a and b are determined to have an upstream-downstream relationship.

[0045] Specifically, for hydrological paths, hydrological tracing tools, such as ArcGIS Flow Path or TraceDownstream, are used to trace the path starting from the outlet of unit a. If the tracing path passes through or terminates within the range of unit b, it is determined that a and b have an upstream-downstream relationship, with a being the upstream unit and b being the downstream unit.

[0046] For atmospheric diffusion, Method 1: Determine the prevailing wind direction (e.g., easterly, southeasterly) of the target area. Divide the target area into multiple wind zones and use more refined wind field data. Calculate the azimuth angle from the center point of unit a to the center point of unit b. Determine if this azimuth angle falls within a reasonable sector of the prevailing wind direction. For example, if the prevailing wind direction is easterly at 90°, consider a sector of ±45° (45° to 135°). If a is west of b, the wind direction is from west to east, and the azimuth angle is within the sector, then a is determined to be upwind of b, meaning a and b have an upstream-downstream relationship; a is the upstream unit, and b is the downstream unit. Method 2: Directly utilize an atmospheric diffusion model to simulate the pollution transport relationship between the two units. If unit a transports pollutants to unit b, then a and b have an upstream-downstream relationship; a is the upstream unit, and b is the downstream unit.

[0047] For species migration, an ecological resistance surface is constructed. Based on factors such as land use type, road density, vegetation cover, and slope, each grid cell is assigned a value. A higher value indicates greater resistance to the species' migration; for example, highways have extremely high resistance, while forests have extremely low resistance. Each assessment unit is transformed into a potential source patch for that species. Using minimum cost path or circuit theory methods, the minimum cumulative cost from unit a to unit b is calculated. If the minimum cumulative cost is less than a preset threshold, it indicates good connectivity, and a potential biological migration path from a to b is identified. A and b have an upstream-downstream relationship, with a being the upstream unit and b the downstream unit.

[0048] For the terrain gradient, calculate the average elevation of each evaluation unit. Calculate the terrain elevation difference from unit a to unit b, which is the average elevation of a minus the average elevation of b. If the elevation difference is positive and greater than a preset elevation difference threshold, analyze the average slope aspect of unit a's boundary towards b to determine if b is located on the downslope direction of a. If so, determine that a is located on the upslope direction of b, indicating an upstream-downslope relationship between a and b, with a being the upstream unit and b being the downstream unit.

[0049] Furthermore, an upstream-downstream relationship matrix G is established for the lowest-level evaluation units. The matrix dimension is n×n, where n is the number of lowest-level evaluation units. If units a and b have an upstream-downstream relationship, and a is an upstream unit and b is a downstream unit, then the corresponding elements Gab=1 and Gba=0. The corresponding element values ​​of two units that do not have an upstream-downstream relationship are marked as 0.

[0050] Spatial weights represent the elements Wab in the spatial weight matrix W, which represent the degree of influence of upstream unit a on downstream unit b on ecological processes. The value ranges from [0, 1], with larger values ​​indicating stronger influence. Assessment units without upstream or downstream relationships lack direct ecological process transmission paths, and their mutual influence is extremely low, so they can be considered unrelated. The spatial weights corresponding to such units are reset to zero.

[0051] The hydrological impact index is a quantitative indicator based on hydrological pathway connectivity and water transfer efficiency, reflecting the degree of influence of hydrological changes (such as runoff and pollutant content) in upstream units on downstream units. The atmospheric impact index is a quantitative indicator based on atmospheric diffusion patterns, reflecting the degree of influence of changes in atmospheric composition (such as particulate matter and gaseous pollutants) in upstream units on downstream units. The biological impact index is a quantitative indicator based on species migration pathways and habitat connectivity, reflecting the degree of influence of changes in biological communities (such as species abundance and population density) in upstream units on downstream units. The topographic impact index is a quantitative indicator based on topographic gradient and barrier effects, reflecting the degree to which topographic features (such as elevation difference and slope) promote or hinder the transmission of ecological processes between upstream and downstream units.

[0052] For the hydrological impact index, the runoff Qa of unit a and the catchment area Ab and river network density Db of unit b are obtained. The hydrological impact intensity I1 is positively correlated with the upstream runoff and the downstream river network's carrying capacity for water flow. The formula is: I1=Qa×Db / Ab. The range standardization method is used to transform I1 to the interval [0,1] to obtain the standardized hydrological impact index I1.

[0053] For atmospheric diffusion, the straight-line distance d between the centers of units a and b, the prevailing wind direction frequency fw, and the atmospheric diffusion coefficient k are obtained. The atmospheric diffusion coefficient k can be obtained by fitting long-term monitoring data from the local meteorological station. The intensity of atmospheric influence I2 decreases exponentially with increasing distance and is positively correlated with the prevailing wind direction, as shown in the formula: The atmospheric diffusion coefficient k can be obtained by fitting long-term monitoring data from local meteorological stations in the target area. Furthermore, I2 is standardized to the [0, 1] interval.

[0054] For the bioinfluence index, the vegetation cover Ca of unit a and the vegetation cover Cb of unit b are obtained; the habitat type similarity Sab of units a and b is determined. Specifically, if the two assessment units have the same habitat type, the corresponding habitat type similarity is 1; if the two assessment units have the same habitat type, the corresponding habitat type similarity is <1. The similarity value between two different habitat types can be preset based on experience, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations. The species migration resistance coefficient r of units a and b is determined, which can be preset based on land use type, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations. For example, the resistance of forest land is 1, and the resistance of construction land is 10. The bioinfluence intensity I3 is positively correlated with vegetation connectivity and negatively correlated with migration resistance, and the formula is: I3 = Ca × Cb × Sab / r. Furthermore, I3 is standardized to the interval [0, 1].

[0055] For the topographic impact index, the average elevation difference ΔH between unit a and unit b is obtained, where ΔH = Ha - Hb, and the average slope θ of unit a and unit b is calculated. The topographic impact intensity I4 is positively correlated with elevation difference and slope. The greater the elevation difference, the stronger the gravity-driven ecological process; the greater the slope, the higher the efficiency of hydrological runoff and species migration. The formula is: I4 = ΔH × tanθ / Hmax, where Hmax is the maximum elevation difference within the target area. If ΔH < 0, then I4 = 0, indicating no topographic-driven downward impact. Furthermore, I4 is standardized to the interval [0, 1].

[0056] Furthermore, the weight distribution of the hydrological impact index, atmospheric impact index, biological impact index, and topographic impact index is determined by combining expert scoring method, and the sum of the weights of each dimension is 1. The hydrological impact index, atmospheric impact index, biological impact index, and topographic impact index are weighted and summed, and the result is used as the spatial weight of unit a to unit b.

[0057] This embodiment first filters out ecologically related assessment unit pairs by upstream and downstream relationships, eliminating interference from unrelated units to simplify calculations; then, it calculates the impact index based on multi-dimensional ecological processes including hydrology, atmosphere, biology, and topography, making the quantification of spatial weights more in line with actual ecological interaction patterns. The constructed spatial weight matrix can accurately characterize the intensity of ecological impact between units, improving the accuracy of correlation analysis results.

[0058] One possible implementation of this application embodiment involves inputting the rate of change and spatial weight matrix into the correlation analysis model to obtain cross-level correlation analysis results, including: Determine the higher level to which the target assessment unit belongs, and calculate the average rate of change of the ecosystem service supply and demand index at the higher level; wherein, the target assessment unit is any assessment unit in the lowest level; The correlation analysis model is invoked to calculate the degree of deviation between the rate of change of the target evaluation unit and the average rate of change. The correlation analysis model is invoked, and the spatial influence of the remaining evaluation units in the lowest level on the target evaluation unit is calculated based on the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix. Among them, the deviation degree and spatial influence value of each evaluation unit in the lowest level constitute the cross-level correlation analysis results.

[0059] In this embodiment, the system is divided into three levels. The target evaluation unit is at the lowest level, and the higher levels include Level 1 and Level 2. The evaluation unit to which the target evaluation unit belongs in Level 1 is designated as the Level 1 evaluation unit, and the evaluation unit to which the target evaluation unit belongs in Level 2 is designated as the Level 2 evaluation unit. The rate of change of the Level 1 evaluation unit and the Level 2 evaluation unit are calculated separately, and their average rate of change is calculated.

[0060] Deviation degree = (Change rate of target assessment unit - average change rate) / average change rate. The essence of deviation degree is the quantitative value of the trend difference between the target unit and the overall level. The greater the difference, the stronger the influence of local ecological processes on the supply and demand changes of the target unit. Conversely, the stronger the constraint of the overall ecological pattern of the level.

[0061] The correlation analysis model includes a built-in formula for calculating the spatial influence M of the remaining evaluation units on the target evaluation unit. , where i is any evaluation unit in the lowest level other than the target evaluation unit, j is the target evaluation unit, Wij is an element in the spatial weight matrix, representing the spatial weight of unit i to target evaluation unit j, and Ri is the rate of change of unit i.

[0062] This embodiment establishes a hierarchical overall trend benchmark by determining the higher level to which the target unit belongs and calculating the average rate of change. By combining the correlation analysis model to calculate the degree of deviation and spatial impact values, it not only accurately identifies the difference between the target unit and the overall trend of the hierarchy, but also quantifies the spatial interaction impact of surrounding units on the target unit. The resulting cross-level correlation analysis results provide a dual-dimensional basis of hierarchical correlation and spatial interaction for ecological status determination, which helps to refine the ecological status determination.

[0063] One possible implementation of this application embodiment determines the ecological status of each assessment unit in the lowest level based on ecosystem service supply and demand indices, change rates, spatial weight matrices, and cross-level correlation analysis results, including: Based on the spatial weight matrix, the downstream evaluation units of the target evaluation unit are determined, and the comprehensive influence value of the target evaluation unit on the downstream evaluation units is calculated. The trend of change is determined based on the rate of change of the target assessment unit; the trend of change is one of the following: degradation tendency, improvement tendency, and stabilization tendency. If the trend of change is a tendency towards degradation or improvement, the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined based on the spatial impact value and the comprehensive impact value of the target assessment unit. If the trend of change is stable, then the ecological state of the target assessment unit is determined to be stable.

[0064] In this embodiment, the sum of the spatial weights of the target evaluation unit to all its downstream evaluation units is calculated as the comprehensive influence value. The calculation process is as follows: determine the row corresponding to the target evaluation unit in the spatial weight matrix, and the column index unit corresponding to all non-zero elements in the row is the downstream unit of the target evaluation unit. Calculate the sum of the values ​​in the row to obtain the comprehensive influence value of the target evaluation unit on the downstream evaluation units.

[0065] Pre-set thresholds for improvement tendency and degradation tendency based on practical experience. The improvement tendency threshold is a positive number, and the degradation tendency threshold is a negative number. If the rate of change of the target evaluation unit is greater than the improvement tendency threshold, the trend of change of the target evaluation unit is determined to be an improvement tendency; if the rate of change of the target evaluation unit is less than the degradation tendency threshold, the trend of change of the target evaluation unit is determined to be a degradation tendency; if the rate of change of the target evaluation unit is between the degradation tendency threshold and the improvement tendency threshold, the trend of change of the target evaluation unit is determined to be a stable tendency.

[0066] This embodiment first calculates the comprehensive impact of the target unit on downstream areas to quantify its external ecological impact. Then, based on the rate of change, it classifies the trend into three categories: degradation, improvement, and stability. Differentiated judgment logic is adopted for different trends. The stable tendency is directly judged as a stable state, while the degradation or improvement tendency is judged by combining the spatial impact value and the comprehensive impact value. This achieves a scientific classification of the ecological state and provides an accurate classification basis for the formulation of subsequent differentiated restoration strategies.

[0067] One possible implementation of this application embodiment, if the trend of change is a tendency towards degradation or improvement, then the ecological state of the target assessment unit is determined based on the spatial influence value and the comprehensive influence value of the target assessment unit, including: The first comparison result is obtained by comparing the comprehensive influence value with the external influence threshold; If the trend of change is a tendency towards degradation, the spatial impact value and the negative spatial impact threshold are compared to obtain a second comparison result. Based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result, the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined. If the trend is upward, the spatial impact value and the positive spatial impact threshold are compared to obtain the third comparison result. Based on the first comparison result and the third comparison result, the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined.

[0068] In this embodiment, the negative spatial influence threshold is used to determine whether the system is under strong external degradation pressure, the positive spatial influence threshold is used to determine whether it has received strong external boost, and the external influence threshold is used to determine whether it is a core source of influence. The negative spatial influence threshold, positive spatial influence threshold, and external influence threshold can be set based on expert experience, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations on them.

[0069] If the overall influence value is greater than the external influence threshold, the first comparison result will be marked as a high influence source, meaning that the unit itself is a powerful source of disturbance, and its degradation will seriously affect a large downstream area; if the overall influence value is less than or equal to the external influence threshold, the first comparison result will be marked as a low influence source.

[0070] Regarding the tendency of degradation, if the spatial influence value is less than the negative spatial influence threshold, the second comparison result is marked as high external pressure, that is, the degradation is mainly attributed to the negative effects from its upstream / upwind direction, such as pollution input and sediment deposition; if the spatial influence value is greater than or equal to the negative spatial influence threshold, the second comparison result is marked as low external pressure, that is, the degradation is mainly caused by local factors.

[0071] The predefined ecological state correspondences include: if the first comparison result is a high-impact source and the second comparison result is high external pressure, the corresponding ecological state is critically threatened degradation; if the first comparison result is a low-impact source and the second comparison result is high external pressure, the corresponding ecological state is generally threatened degradation; if the first comparison result is a high-impact source and the second comparison result is low external pressure, the corresponding ecological state is active degradation; and if the first comparison result is a low-impact source and the second comparison result is low external pressure, the corresponding ecological state is generally degradation.

[0072] Regarding the tendency to improve, if the spatial influence value is greater than the positive spatial influence threshold, the third comparison result is marked as high external assistance, meaning that the improvement of this unit is mainly due to the positive effect of external input, such as the improvement of upstream water quality; if the spatial influence value is less than or equal to the positive spatial influence threshold, the third comparison result is marked as low external assistance, meaning that the improvement of this unit is mainly due to its own efforts.

[0073] The pre-defined ecological state correspondences include: if the first comparison result is a high-influence source and the third comparison result is high external assistance, the corresponding ecological state is a key assistance-enhanced state; if the first comparison result is a low-influence source and the third comparison result is high external assistance, the corresponding ecological state is a general assistance-enhanced state; if the first comparison result is a high-influence source and the third comparison result is low external assistance, the corresponding ecological state is an active enhancement state; and if the first comparison result is a low-influence source and the third comparison result is low external assistance, the corresponding ecological state is a general enhancement state.

[0074] This embodiment first clarifies the degree of external influence of the target unit by comparing the comprehensive influence value with the external influence threshold; then, based on the different trends of change, it compares the spatial influence value with the threshold of the corresponding direction. Through the dual comparison results, it achieves a refined division of the ecological state, making the state determination of the degraded or improved tending unit more consistent with its actual characteristics of external influence + influence from the surrounding area, and further improving the accuracy of ecological state determination.

[0075] One possible implementation of this application embodiment is that the ecological state includes an active degraded state, and an ecological restoration strategy is formulated based on the ecological state and cross-level correlation analysis results, including: Select several assessment units from the lowest level whose ecological state is in an active degraded state; A list of repair priorities is obtained by arranging several assessment units in descending order according to the absolute value of their respective deviations. Use a priority list for ecological restoration as a strategy.

[0076] In this embodiment, the critical threatened degradation state is mainly driven by external pressures, such as upstream pollution and wind erosion; it is also a high-impact source, capable of spreading negative impacts downstream; regional collaborative governance is needed to both alleviate external pressures and prevent it from becoming a new source of pollution. The general threatened degradation state is mainly driven by external pressures, is not a high-impact source, and its negative impacts are mainly limited to the local area; the focus is on protection, and reducing external pressure input can improve the situation. The active degradation state is both a high-impact source and autonomously degrading; restoration is the highest priority, as it is deteriorating and can spread downstream, requiring immediate intervention. The general degradation state represents autonomous degradation, but is not a high-impact source; routine restoration is sufficient, the problem is relatively isolated, and restoration can improve the local situation.

[0077] Key improved states rely primarily on external assistance, particularly the benefits of upstream ecological improvements. They are also high-impact sources, amplifying and disseminating positive effects. These are key targets for maintenance, ensuring continued external support and allowing them to become positive radiation centers. General improved states rely primarily on external assistance but are not high-impact sources; their positive effects are mainly local. The status quo can be maintained, ensuring uninterrupted external assistance. Active improved states are both high-impact sources and self-improving; they serve as ecological restoration models and should be protected and their experiences promoted to influence surrounding areas. General improved states can improve autonomously but are not high-impact sources; their improvements should be encouraged and monitored, acknowledging their achievements, but no special intervention is needed.

[0078] This embodiment focuses on the core restoration target of active degraded units. The restoration priority is determined by sorting them in descending order of the absolute value of the deviation. Key degraded units with significant differences from higher-level trends are prioritized to ensure that restoration resources are concentrated on areas with the greatest impact on the regional ecological pattern, thereby improving the efficiency and overall effectiveness of ecological restoration.

[0079] This application provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The illustrated electronic device 200 includes a processor 201 and a memory 203. The processor 201 and the memory 203 are connected, for example, via a bus 202. Optionally, the electronic device 200 may also include a transceiver 204. It should be noted that in practical applications, the transceiver 204 is not limited to one type, and the structure of this electronic device 200 does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application.

[0080] Processor 201 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a general-purpose processor, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. Processor 201 may also be a combination that implements computational functions, such as including one or more microprocessor combinations, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0081] Bus 202 may include a pathway for transmitting information between the aforementioned components. Bus 202 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, etc. Bus 202 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 2 The symbol is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0082] The memory 203 may be a ROM (Read Only Memory) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, RAM (Random Access Memory) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto.

[0083] The memory 203 is used to store the application code that executes the scheme of this application, and its execution is controlled by the processor 201. The processor 201 is used to execute the application code stored in the memory 203 to implement the content shown in the aforementioned embodiment of the ecological restoration spatial delineation method based on ecosystem service supply and demand.

[0084] Figure 2 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0085] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when run on a computer, enables the computer to execute the content shown in the aforementioned embodiment of the ecological restoration spatial delineation method based on ecosystem service supply and demand.

[0086] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0087] This application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the content shown in the aforementioned embodiment of the method for delineating ecological restoration space based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services.

[0088] The above are only some embodiments of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services, characterized in that, include: The target area is divided into different levels of evaluation units; Calculate the ecosystem service supply and demand index and the rate of change of the ecosystem service supply and demand index for each assessment unit in each level; Determine the spatial weight matrix, input the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix into the correlation analysis model, and obtain the cross-level correlation analysis results; Based on the ecosystem service supply and demand index, the rate of change, the spatial weight matrix, and the cross-level correlation analysis results, the ecological status of each assessment unit in the lowest level is determined. Based on the ecological state and the results of the cross-level correlation analysis, an ecological restoration strategy is formulated.

2. The method for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on ecosystem service supply and demand according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the spatial weight matrix includes: Determine whether there is an upstream / downstream relationship between any two evaluation units in the lowest level; For two evaluation units that do not have the aforementioned upstream and downstream relationship, the corresponding spatial weights are reset to zero; For two assessment units with the aforementioned upstream and downstream relationship, a multi-dimensional ecological process impact index is determined, and the corresponding spatial weight is calculated based on the multi-dimensional ecological process impact index; wherein, the multi-dimensional ecological process impact index includes: a hydrological impact index based on hydrological pathways, an atmospheric impact index based on atmospheric diffusion, a biological impact index based on species migration, and a topographic impact index based on topographic gradient. The spatial weight matrix is ​​constructed based on the spatial weights between every two evaluation units in the lowest level.

3. The method for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on ecosystem service supply and demand according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of inputting the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix into the correlation analysis model to obtain cross-level correlation analysis results includes: Determine the higher level to which the target assessment unit belongs, and calculate the average rate of change of the ecosystem service supply and demand index of the higher level; wherein, the target assessment unit is any assessment unit in the lowest level; The correlation analysis model is invoked to calculate the degree of deviation between the rate of change of the target evaluation unit and the average rate of change. The correlation analysis model is invoked, and the spatial influence values ​​of the remaining evaluation units in the lowest level on the target evaluation unit are calculated based on the rate of change and the spatial weight matrix. The deviation degree and spatial influence value of each evaluation unit in the lowest level constitute the cross-level correlation analysis result.

4. The method for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on ecosystem service supply and demand according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the ecological status of each assessment unit in the lowest level based on the ecosystem service supply and demand index, the rate of change, the spatial weight matrix, and the cross-level correlation analysis results includes: Based on the spatial weight matrix, the downstream evaluation units of the target evaluation unit are determined, and the comprehensive influence value of the target evaluation unit on the downstream evaluation units is calculated. The change trend is determined based on the rate of change of the target evaluation unit; wherein the change trend is one of the following: degradation tendency, improvement tendency, and stabilization tendency. If the trend of change is the tendency of degradation or the tendency of improvement, then the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined based on the spatial impact value and the comprehensive impact value of the target assessment unit. If the trend of change is the stable tendency, then the ecological state of the target assessment unit is determined to be a stable state.

5. The method for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on ecosystem service supply and demand according to claim 4, characterized in that, If the trend of change is either a degradation tendency or an improvement tendency, then based on the spatial impact value and the comprehensive impact value of the target assessment unit, the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined, including: The comprehensive influence value and the external influence threshold are compared to obtain the first comparison result; If the trend of change is the tendency of degradation, then the spatial impact value and the negative spatial impact threshold are compared to obtain a second comparison result, and the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result. If the trend of change is the tendency to improve, then the spatial influence value and the positive spatial influence threshold are compared to obtain a third comparison result. Based on the first comparison result and the third comparison result, the ecological status of the target assessment unit is determined.

6. The method for spatial delineation of ecological restoration based on ecosystem service supply and demand according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological state includes both active and degraded states. The ecological restoration strategy, based on the ecological state and the results of the cross-level correlation analysis, includes: From the lowest level, select several assessment units whose ecological state belongs to an active degradation state; The evaluation units are arranged in descending order according to the absolute value of their respective deviations to obtain a repair priority list; The list of restoration priorities will be used as the ecological restoration strategy.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; Memory; At least one application, wherein the at least one application is stored in memory and configured to be executed by at least one processor, said at least one application being configured to: perform the ecological restoration spatial delineation method based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed in the computer, the computer is instructed to perform the ecological restoration spatial delineation method based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that, The method includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the ecological restoration spatial delineation method based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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