Water and soil conservation information management method and system

Abstract

This application provides an information management method and system for soil and water conservation, comprising: acquiring project baseline data and multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data of a target railway project; determining at least one disturbed area in the target railway project based on the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, and determining the spatial location information of the disturbed area, so as to associate the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbed area to obtain associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area; obtaining soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed area based on the project baseline data and associated monitoring data; and sending early warning information including soil and water conservation risk information to the target user terminal corresponding to the disturbed area when the soil and water conservation risk information indicates that there is a risk in the disturbed area. This method can improve the accuracy of soil and water conservation risk identification, thereby timely sending early warning information to the corresponding target user terminal, and thus improving the timeliness and effectiveness of soil and water conservation risk management in railway projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of information management technology, and in particular to an information management method and system for soil and water conservation. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous expansion of my country's railway construction scale and the constant improvement of ecological and environmental protection regulations, the full life-cycle management of soil and water conservation in railway projects has become a crucial link in ensuring the smooth implementation of projects and maintaining ecological security. Due to the significant characteristics of railway projects, such as large land areas, long track spans, large volumes of earthwork, and complex temporary facilities, their construction process can easily have a significant impact on the surrounding ecological environment and may trigger serious risks of soil erosion. This necessitates the establishment of strict data control mechanisms and the implementation of comprehensive compliance risk assessments at all stages of the project, including planning and design, construction supervision, and final acceptance.

[0003] Currently, soil and water conservation management mainly relies on traditional operational methods such as manual report review, telephone communication, and on-site spot checks. This approach not only consumes a large amount of human resources but also suffers from significant problems such as insufficient timeliness of information acquisition and limited data accuracy. Meanwhile, existing information systems generally suffer from limited functionality: some systems focus on administrative approval processes, making it difficult for participating units to collaborate; others only focus on single-dimensional data collection, lacking the ability to correlate and analyze multi-source data, creating significant data silos. Furthermore, existing monitoring methods are mostly limited to isolated inspections during the construction phase, failing to establish a spatial correlation and comparison mechanism between on-site perception data and project design baseline data, making it difficult to accurately identify and assess specific disturbance areas. These limitations of the management model result in a lack of continuity in the entire process of management, making it impossible to implement automated and quantitative analysis and early warning of engineering changes and major soil erosion risks.

[0004] In summary, the existing technical system is unable to effectively integrate multi-source monitoring data and conduct accurate risk analysis based on project benchmarks, resulting in low data collaboration efficiency and lagging risk control measures in soil and water conservation work in railway engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide an information management method and system for soil and water conservation. By linking multi-source monitoring data of the same disturbance area and combining it with project baseline data for risk analysis, the accuracy of soil and water conservation risk identification can be improved, thereby timely sending early warning information to the corresponding target user terminals, and thus improving the timeliness and effectiveness of soil and water conservation risk control in railway projects.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an information-based management method for soil and water conservation, comprising: Acquire project baseline data and multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data for the target railway project; the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data are collected by different types of sensing devices, and each multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data has corresponding spatial coverage information.

[0007] Based on multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, at least one disturbance area in the target railway project was identified, and the spatial location information of the disturbance area was determined.

[0008] Spatial location information and spatial coverage information are spatially matched to associate multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbed area, thereby obtaining associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0009] Based on the project baseline data and related monitoring data, a soil and water conservation risk analysis was conducted for each disturbed area to obtain the corresponding soil and water conservation risk information.

[0010] When the soil and water conservation risk information indicates that there is a risk in the disturbed area, an early warning message including the soil and water conservation risk information is sent to the target user terminal corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0011] In optional implementations, sensing devices include remote sensing satellites, drones, and video surveillance equipment.

[0012] Acquire multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, including: Remote sensing images of the target railway project were acquired using remote sensing satellites at different monitoring periods.

[0013] The system uses drones to acquire panoramic data of key areas in the target railway project and aerial data of spoil disposal sites, and generates two-dimensional images and three-dimensional model data based on the aerial data.

[0014] Video surveillance equipment was used to obtain on-site video data of spoil disposal sites in the target railway project that had pre-existing hidden dangers.

[0015] At least one of the following should be identified as multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data: remote sensing imagery, panoramic data, two-dimensional imagery, three-dimensional model data, and on-site video data.

[0016] In an optional implementation, based on multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, at least one disturbed area in the target railway project is identified, including: Extract remote sensing images of the target railway project from multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data for at least two monitoring periods.

[0017] Based on remote sensing images corresponding to different monitoring periods, the changes in texture details of land use types corresponding to the same geographical location were determined.

[0018] Based on the changes in texture details of land use types, disturbed patches formed by the production and construction activities of the target railway project are identified.

[0019] The area corresponding to the disturbed patch is defined as the disturbed region.

[0020] In an optional implementation, spatial location information and spatial coverage information are spatially matched to associate multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbed area, thereby obtaining associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area, including: Spatial location information is matched with each spatial coverage information to determine the target remote sensing image and target monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area; wherein, the target monitoring data is at least one of the target panoramic data, target two-dimensional image, target three-dimensional model data and target on-site video data.

[0021] Establish the correlation between the disturbed area, the target remote sensing image, and the target monitoring data to obtain the associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0022] In an optional implementation, the project baseline data includes design disturbance vector data determined based on the soil and water conservation design scheme of the target railway project.

[0023] Based on project baseline data and associated monitoring data, a soil and water conservation risk analysis was conducted for each disturbed area to obtain soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed area, including: Based on the associated monitoring data, the actual construction disturbance vector data corresponding to the disturbed area is determined.

[0024] Spatial overlay analysis and statistical analysis are performed on the design disturbance vector data and the actual construction disturbance vector data to obtain the difference information corresponding to the disturbance area; among which, the difference information is used to characterize the difference between the actual construction disturbance vector data and the design disturbance vector data.

[0025] If the discrepancy information meets the preset change conditions, the water and soil conservation risk information is determined to include project compliance risk information.

[0026] In an optional implementation, the project baseline data also includes vector data of the responsibility area for soil and water conservation, vector data of key control areas, and design engineering information.

[0027] Spatial overlay and statistical analysis were performed on the design disturbance vector data and the actual construction disturbance vector data to obtain the difference information corresponding to the disturbance area, including: The actual construction disturbance vector data is spatially overlaid with the soil and water conservation responsibility area vector data and the key control area vector data to determine the information on the overlap between the prevention and control responsibility area and the key control area corresponding to the disturbance area.

[0028] By comparing the actual construction disturbance vector data with the design disturbance vector data, the engineering layout change information corresponding to the disturbance area is determined.

[0029] Based on the associated monitoring data, the actual engineering information is determined, and the actual engineering information is compared with the design engineering information to determine the engineering form change information and engineering quantity change information corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0030] Based on information such as the scope of prevention and control responsibilities exceeding the limit, overlapping key control areas, changes in engineering layout, changes in engineering form, and changes in engineering quantity, differential information is generated by combining these information.

[0031] In an optional implementation, based on project baseline data and associated monitoring data, a soil and water conservation risk analysis is performed on each disturbed area to obtain soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed area, including: Based on the associated monitoring data, information on earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, and implementation of soil and water conservation measures within the disturbed area was determined.

[0032] Based on project baseline data, earthwork excavation information, earthwork filling information, and soil and water conservation measures implementation information, the disturbance risk level corresponding to the disturbed area is determined according to the preset disturbance risk assessment rules.

[0033] When the disturbance risk level is high, the disturbance patches corresponding to the disturbed area are identified as high-risk disturbance patches, and the soil and water conservation risk information includes the soil erosion risk information corresponding to the high-risk disturbance patches.

[0034] In an optional implementation, when the disturbed area is the location of the target spoil disposal site, a soil and water conservation risk analysis is performed on each disturbed area based on project baseline data and associated monitoring data to obtain soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed area, including: The three-dimensional model data of the spoil disposal site at different monitoring periods were obtained from the associated monitoring data.

[0035] Based on the three-dimensional model data corresponding to different monitoring periods, the disturbance area, stacking height and earthwork volume of the spoil disposal site were measured.

[0036] By comparing the disturbance area, stockpile height, and earthwork volume corresponding to different monitoring periods, the change measurement data corresponding to the spoil disposal site are obtained.

[0037] Obtain the parameter reporting data corresponding to the waste disposal site, and determine the risk level of the waste disposal site according to the preset risk assessment rules based on the project baseline data, change measurement data and parameter reporting data.

[0038] When the risk level meets the preset early warning conditions, the water and soil conservation risk information is determined to include the water and soil loss risk information corresponding to the spoil disposal site.

[0039] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: It receives problem information corresponding to the disturbed area submitted by the monitoring unit's user terminal and establishes a correspondence between the problem information and the associated monitoring data; the problem information includes a problem description and an image before rectification.

[0040] Send rectification tasks, including problem information, to the user terminals of the construction units responsible for the disturbed area.

[0041] Receive rectification information uploaded by the construction unit's user terminal for the rectification task; the rectification information includes a rectification description and images after rectification.

[0042] The rectification information is sent to the user terminal of the supervision unit responsible for the disturbed area, and the supervision unit's user terminal is received to verify the rectification information.

[0043] If the review information indicates that the rectification has not passed, a new rectification task including the review information is sent to the construction unit's user terminal so that the construction unit's user terminal can update the rectification information and resubmit it to the supervision unit's user terminal for review.

[0044] If the review information indicates that the rectification has been passed, the processing status corresponding to the problem information will be updated to the rectification closed-loop status, and the problem information, rectification information, and review information will be stored together.

[0045] Secondly, the present invention provides an information management system for soil and water conservation, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the project baseline data and multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data of the target railway project. The multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data is collected by different types of sensing devices, and each multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data has corresponding spatial coverage information.

[0046] The disturbance area determination module is used to determine at least one disturbance area in the target railway project based on multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, and to determine the spatial location information of the disturbance area.

[0047] The data association module is used to spatially match spatial location information with spatial coverage information to associate multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbed area, thereby obtaining associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0048] The risk analysis module is used to conduct soil and water conservation risk analysis for each disturbed area based on project baseline data and related monitoring data, and obtain the corresponding soil and water conservation risk information for the disturbed area.

[0049] The early warning module is used to send early warning information, including soil and water conservation risk information, to the target user terminal corresponding to the disturbed area when the soil and water conservation risk information indicates that there is a risk in the disturbed area.

[0050] This application provides a method and system for information-based management of soil and water conservation. By acquiring multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data collected by different types of sensing devices, the coverage and data integrity of soil and water conservation monitoring in railway projects can be improved. By determining the disturbed area and its spatial location information, and matching this spatial location information with the spatial coverage information of each monitoring data, monitoring data from different sources corresponding to the same disturbed area can be accurately associated, improving the spatial consistency and comprehensive utilization efficiency of monitoring data. By combining project baseline data and associated monitoring data to conduct soil and water conservation risk analysis on each disturbed area, the accuracy of risk identification, location, and evaluation can be improved. By sending early warning information to the corresponding target user terminals, the timeliness of risk warning and handling can be improved, thereby enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of soil and water conservation risk management in railway projects.

[0051] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent in part from the description or may be learned by practicing the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application are realized and obtained through the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0052] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0054] Figure 1 A flowchart of the water and soil conservation information management method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 A flowchart of a water and soil conservation problem rectification and management method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water and soil conservation information management system provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0055] Icons: 1-Data acquisition module; 2-Disturbance area determination module; 3-Data association module; 4-Risk analysis module; 5-Early warning module. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] To help those skilled in the art better understand this application, a brief introduction to its application scenarios and design concepts is provided.

[0058] Railway projects are typically characterized by long construction periods, large line spans, massive earthwork volumes, numerous temporary facilities, and multiple participating units, which may create multiple dispersed disturbance areas during construction. To understand the actual condition of each disturbance area, it is necessary to continuously acquire soil and water conservation monitoring data for key areas such as railway lines and spoil heaps, and to conduct timely risk analysis and mitigation based on the monitoring results.

[0059] Current technologies primarily rely on reviewing monitoring reports, telephone communication, and on-site spot checks to assess the soil and water conservation status of railway projects, which limits the timeliness and coverage of information acquisition. While some information systems can collect remote sensing imagery, drone imagery, or on-site video data, the data collected by different types of sensing devices typically have different data formats, collection periods, and spatial coverage areas. Furthermore, these data are independent of each other, making it difficult to accurately determine whether monitoring data from different sources correspond to the same disturbed area. In addition, the lack of an effective correlation analysis mechanism between project design data and on-site monitoring data means that risk analysis still largely depends on manual searching, comparison, and judgment, making it difficult to determine the soil and water conservation risks corresponding to specific disturbed areas in a timely and accurate manner.

[0060] Based on this, this application obtains the project baseline data of the target railway project, as well as multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data collected by different types of sensing devices, and determines the spatial coverage information corresponding to each multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data. Based on the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, this application determines the disturbed areas and their spatial location information in the target railway project. By spatially matching the spatial location information of the disturbed areas with the spatial coverage information of each multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, it associates monitoring data from different sources corresponding to the same disturbed area, thereby forming associated monitoring data with the disturbed area as the object.

[0061] Therefore, this application enables the unified organization of monitoring data in different forms, such as remote sensing imagery, UAV data, and on-site video data, according to the disturbed area. This allows monitoring data from different sources to complement and verify each other, improving the spatial consistency, completeness, and comprehensive utilization efficiency of the monitoring data. Based on this, combining project baseline data with related monitoring data allows for soil and water conservation risk analysis for each disturbed area, improving the accuracy of risk identification, location, and assessment.

[0062] Furthermore, when the soil and water conservation risk information indicates that there is a risk in the disturbed area, this application will send the early warning information, including the soil and water conservation risk information, to the target user terminal corresponding to the disturbed area, so that relevant units can promptly know the risk area, risk content and corresponding monitoring basis, thereby improving the timeliness of soil and water conservation risk early warning and disposal, and enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of soil and water conservation management in railway projects.

[0063] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below.

[0064] This application provides an information management method for soil and water conservation, referring to... Figure 1 The water and soil conservation information management method provided in this application includes: Step S101: Obtain the project baseline data and multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data of the target railway project; wherein, the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data are collected by different types of sensing devices, and each multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data has corresponding spatial coverage information.

[0065] Here, the target railway project refers to a railway construction project that currently requires soil and water conservation monitoring and risk management. The target railway project can be a construction project corresponding to a complete railway line, or it can be a construction section, work site, or management area within the railway line.

[0066] Project baseline data is used to characterize the design status, approved scope, management requirements, and risk assessment benchmarks of the target railway project. Project baseline data may include soil and water conservation design schemes, design disturbance vector data, soil erosion control responsibility area vector data, key control area vector data, design engineering information, construction organization information, and temporary facility planning information; it may also include topographic and geomorphological data, meteorological and hydrological data, soil and water conservation measure design data, and pre-set risk assessment indicators corresponding to the target railway project. Design engineering information may include information such as railway line location, construction road location, spoil disposal site location, borrow pit location, engineering type, vegetation area, topsoil stripping volume, and earthwork volume.

[0067] Project baseline data can be imported from design documents, approval documents, and project management databases, or uploaded by user terminals according to preset data templates. After acquiring the project baseline data, it undergoes format conversion, project identifier association, and coordinate system conversion to ensure a unified data format and spatial coordinate system. The converted project baseline data is then stored according to the target railway project, construction section, data type, and project stage.

[0068] Multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data consists of data collected by various types of sensing devices based on the actual condition of the target railway project. Sensing devices can include remote sensing satellites, drones, and video surveillance equipment, as well as ground monitoring equipment, mobile inspection terminals, positioning devices, and 3D scanning equipment. Multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data can include remote sensing imagery, panoramic data, 2D imagery, 3D model data, and on-site video data, and can also include data such as rainfall, soil moisture content, surface runoff, surface elevation, device positioning trajectories, and images from manual inspections.

[0069] In one implementation, remote sensing satellites acquire remote sensing images for two monitoring periods each year, drones acquire panoramic data of key areas and aerial data of spoil heaps quarterly, and video monitoring equipment continuously acquires on-site video data of spoil heaps with pre-set potential hazards. After collecting data, the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data is uploaded to the soil and water conservation information management system through data interfaces, communication networks, or user terminals.

[0070] Spatial coverage information is used to represent the geographical area reflected by a set of soil and water conservation monitoring data. For remote sensing imagery, panoramic data, 2D imagery, and 3D model data, the corresponding spatial coverage information is determined based on image coordinates, aerial photography range, or model boundaries. For on-site video data, the corresponding spatial coverage information is determined based on the installation location, shooting direction, field of view, and effective observation distance of the video surveillance equipment. For data collected by ground monitoring equipment, the corresponding spatial coverage information is determined based on the installation location of the ground monitoring equipment and the preset effective monitoring radius. Spatial coverage information can be represented by a set of boundary coordinates, a spatial range polygon, a center point and coverage radius, or a route mileage interval.

[0071] After acquiring multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, the data undergoes time stamping, equipment identification association, coordinate transformation, and quality checks. The processed multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data is then associated and stored with the corresponding spatial coverage information. Quality checks include integrity checks, coordinate validity checks, acquisition time validity checks, and data clarity checks. Data that fails the quality checks is marked as abnormal data, triggering a re-acquisition or manual verification task.

[0072] Step S102: Based on multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, identify at least one disturbance area in the target railway project and determine the spatial location information of the disturbance area.

[0073] Here, the disturbed area is the area where the production and construction activities of the target railway project alter the original surface conditions. The disturbed area may include the main railway construction area, earthwork excavation area, earthwork filling area, spoil heap, borrow pit, construction road, construction camp, material storage area, and temporary facility area.

[0074] For different types of multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, corresponding data processing methods are adopted to identify disturbed areas. For remote sensing images or UAV images collected at different times, geometric correction and spatial registration are first performed, and then the changes in texture, color, spectrum, shape, or vegetation cover corresponding to the same geographical location are compared to generate surface change areas. Connectivity extraction and boundary segmentation are performed on the surface change areas, and combined with the line range, construction range, and monitoring time of the target railway project, disturbed areas formed by production and construction activities are identified.

[0075] The disturbance area can also be determined using 3D model data. Spatial registration is performed on 3D models corresponding to different monitoring periods, and the elevation or volume difference corresponding to the same geographical location is calculated. Areas where the elevation or volume difference reaches a preset change threshold are identified as candidate disturbance areas. When a candidate disturbance area intersects with the construction area of ​​the target railway project, the candidate disturbance area is officially designated as the disturbance area.

[0076] The disturbance area can also be determined using on-site video data or ground monitoring data. Video frames are extracted from the on-site video data at preset time intervals. Target identification or change detection is performed on video frames from different times. When new earthwork, exposed surface, spoil heaps, or changes in soil and water conservation measures are detected, the corresponding disturbance area is determined based on the spatial coverage information of the video monitoring equipment. When ground monitoring data reaches preset change conditions, the corresponding disturbance area is determined based on the installation location and effective monitoring range of the ground monitoring equipment.

[0077] When multiple candidate disturbance areas overlap spatially or their adjacent distance is less than a preset merging distance, the multiple candidate disturbance areas are merged; when multiple candidate disturbance areas are spatially separated, they are retained as different disturbance areas. Each disturbance area is configured with an area identifier, and its spatial location information is determined based on the boundaries of the disturbance area. The spatial location information may include boundary coordinates, center point coordinates, spatial range polygon, area, line mileage location, construction section to which it belongs, and coordinate system identifier.

[0078] Step S103: Spatial location information and spatial coverage information are spatially matched to associate multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbed area, so as to obtain associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0079] Here, before spatial matching, the spatial location information and spatial coverage information are converted to the same spatial coordinate system. For each disturbed area, the spatial location relationship between the disturbed area and the corresponding spatial coverage area of ​​each multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data is calculated sequentially. The spatial location relationship can include inclusion relationship, intersection relationship, proximity relationship, and spatial overlap ratio.

[0080] In one implementation, the intersection area between the disturbed area and the spatial coverage area is calculated, and the proportion of the intersection area to the area of ​​the disturbed area is calculated. When the proportion reaches a preset matching threshold, the corresponding soil and water conservation monitoring data is determined as soil and water conservation monitoring data matching the disturbed area. For spatial coverage information represented by a center point and coverage radius, the shortest distance between the disturbed area and the installation location of the sensing device is calculated. When the shortest distance is not greater than the effective monitoring radius, the soil and water conservation monitoring data collected by the sensing device is determined as soil and water conservation monitoring data matching the disturbed area.

[0081] After spatial matching is completed, soil and water conservation monitoring data from different sources that are matched with the same disturbed area are correlated according to the area identifier. The correlation record should at least include the area identifier, monitoring data identifier, sensing device type, acquisition time, spatial overlap ratio, and data quality information. Based on the correlation, soil and water conservation monitoring data from different sources are combined to obtain the correlated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0082] The associated monitoring data can retain the original data format of various soil and water conservation monitoring data, and can also include characteristic data extracted from various soil and water conservation monitoring data, such as disturbed area, surface elevation, earthwork volume, vegetation cover status, implementation status of soil and water conservation measures, and on-site construction status. Upon receiving a data viewing request for a disturbed area, the system outputs the corresponding remote sensing imagery, panoramic data, 2D imagery, 3D model data, or on-site video data based on the association relationship, enabling switching between different data formats for the same disturbed area.

[0083] When only one source of soil and water conservation monitoring data is matched for the same disturbed area, the data missing type corresponding to the disturbed area is recorded, and a supplementary data acquisition task is generated based on the data missing type. The supplementary data acquisition task is used to instruct the corresponding sensing equipment or inspection personnel to re-acquire data in the disturbed area. After the supplementary data acquisition is completed, spatial matching is re-executed and the associated monitoring data is updated.

[0084] Step S104: Based on the project baseline data and related monitoring data, conduct soil and water conservation risk analysis for each disturbed area to obtain soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0085] Here, for each disturbed area, actual disturbance characteristics are extracted from the associated monitoring data. These actual disturbance characteristics may include the actual disturbance range, earthwork excavation status, earthwork filling status, changes in surface elevation, changes in earthwork volume, changes in vegetation cover, implementation status of soil and water conservation measures, and on-site construction status. Based on the spatial location information of the disturbed area, the corresponding benchmark range, design engineering information, design engineering parameters, and risk assessment indicators are retrieved from the project benchmark data.

[0086] Soil and water conservation risk analysis can include project compliance risk analysis, soil erosion risk analysis, and spoil disposal site risk analysis. Project compliance risk analysis is used to determine the discrepancies between actual construction disturbances and project baseline data. Soil erosion risk analysis is used to assess the risk of disturbed areas based on earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, and the implementation of soil and water conservation measures. Spoil disposal site risk analysis is used to assess the risk of spoil disposal sites based on the disturbance area, stockpile height, earthwork volume, and parameter reporting data corresponding to different monitoring periods.

[0087] Water and soil conservation risk analysis can employ either risk rule matching or risk weighted scoring. When using risk rule matching, pre-defined risk conditions are first retrieved from the project baseline data. Then, the actual disturbance characteristics are compared item by item with the pre-defined risk conditions. The risk type and risk level are determined when at least one actual disturbance characteristic meets the corresponding risk condition.

[0088] When using a risk-weighted scoring method, firstly, based on the benchmark values ​​or evaluation thresholds in the project's baseline data, each actual disturbance characteristic is converted into a risk characteristic value within a preset range. Then, the values ​​are weighted and summed according to the preset weights corresponding to each risk characteristic to obtain a comprehensive risk score. The comprehensive risk score is then compared with multiple risk level thresholds to determine the risk level corresponding to the disturbed area. The preset weights and risk level thresholds are pre-set and stored based on soil and water conservation management requirements, historical monitoring results, or confirmed risk events.

[0089] When soil and water conservation monitoring data from different sources yield different analytical results for the same risk factor, the reliability of the data is determined based on the data acquisition time, data quality, and type of sensing equipment. Analytical results with more recent acquisition times and higher data quality are given priority. When the differences between multiple analytical results reach a preset difference threshold, a verification mark is added to the soil and water conservation risk information, and a field verification task is generated.

[0090] Soil and water conservation risk information can include risk status, risk type, risk level, risk factors, spatial location information of the disturbed area, time of risk determination, risk evidence data identifiers, and mitigation recommendations. Risk status indicates whether the disturbed area is at risk or not. Risk evidence data identifiers point to remote sensing images, panoramic data, 2D images, 3D model data, or on-site video data used in the associated monitoring data to determine the risk.

[0091] Step S105: If the soil and water conservation risk information indicates that there is a risk in the disturbed area, send an early warning message including soil and water conservation risk information to the target user terminal corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0092] Here, the management correspondence between the construction sections and management areas of the target railway project and the construction unit, construction unit, supervision unit, and monitoring unit is established in advance, and the information management permissions and user terminal identifiers corresponding to the user accounts of each unit are recorded. When the soil and water conservation risk information indicates that there is a risk in the disturbed area, the target unit responsible for managing the disturbed area is determined based on the spatial location information of the disturbed area, and the target user terminal is determined from the user terminals corresponding to the target unit according to the risk type and information management permissions.

[0093] Early warning information is generated based on soil and water conservation risk information. This information may include the target railway project identifier, construction section, disturbed area identifier, spatial location information, risk type, risk level, risk factors, risk evidence data, remediation recommendations, and remediation deadlines. The early warning information may also include access addresses to associated monitoring data, allowing target users to view monitoring data from different sources corresponding to the disturbed area through their terminals.

[0094] Early warning information can be pushed to mobile user terminals via the message interface of the soil and water conservation information management system, and can also be displayed through web management terminals or smart display terminals. After sending the early warning information, the sending time, target user terminal, sending status, and receiving status are recorded. If the early warning information fails to be sent, it is resent after a preset number of resends; if it still fails to be sent after the preset number of resends, a communication error message is sent to the management user terminal.

[0095] After receiving the early warning information, the target user terminal verifies or rectifys the disturbed area based on the warning information. The soil and water conservation information management system receives images before rectification, descriptions of rectification, images after rectification, and verification information, and establishes a correspondence between the rectification data and the disturbed area and related monitoring data, thereby forming a data closed loop of risk discovery, early warning push, problem rectification, and result verification.

[0096] In optional implementations, sensing devices include remote sensing satellites, drones, and video surveillance equipment.

[0097] Here, remote sensing satellites are used to acquire surface condition data over a large area of ​​the target railway project, drones are used to acquire close-up images and spatial morphology data of key areas and spoil heaps, and video surveillance equipment is used to continuously acquire on-site condition data of spoil heaps with pre-set potential hazards. Different types of sensing equipment reflect the actual state of the target railway project from different spatial scales and different monitoring periods.

[0098] Step S101 involves acquiring multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, including the following steps S201-S204.

[0099] Step S201: Obtain remote sensing images of the target railway project at different monitoring periods using remote sensing satellites.

[0100] Here, before conducting remote sensing monitoring, the remote sensing monitoring range is determined based on the route of the target railway project, the scope of responsibility for soil and water conservation, and the scope of the construction section. A remote sensing image acquisition task is then generated, including the monitoring range, target coordinate system, preset spatial resolution, and monitoring time. This task is sent to the remote sensing data server, which returns remote sensing images covering the monitoring range based on the acquisition task.

[0101] In one implementation, remote sensing satellites acquire high-resolution remote sensing images for two monitoring periods annually for the target railway project. The two monitoring periods are determined based on the railway project's construction plan, soil and water conservation monitoring cycle, and weather conditions. When remote sensing images are obscured by clouds or do not completely cover the monitoring area, the remote sensing data server reacquires images from adjacent time periods or supplements them with adjacent image strips.

[0102] After receiving remote sensing images, radiometric correction, geometric correction, image registration, image stitching, and project scope cropping are performed. Radiometric correction reduces pixel value differences caused by different imaging conditions; geometric correction corrects positional deviations that occur during imaging; image registration ensures spatial correspondence between remote sensing images from different monitoring periods at the same geographical location; image stitching creates a complete remote sensing image covering the target railway project; and project scope cropping preserves image data within the management area of ​​the target railway project.

[0103] After processing, the project identifier, monitoring period, spatial resolution, coordinate system, image boundary and data quality level are configured for the remote sensing image, and spatial coverage information corresponding to the remote sensing image is generated based on the image boundary.

[0104] Step S202: Use drones to acquire panoramic data of key areas in the target railway project and aerial data of spoil disposal sites, and generate two-dimensional images and three-dimensional model data based on the aerial data.

[0105] Here, key areas are determined based on project baseline data, remote sensing monitoring results, historical problem records, and construction plans. Key areas may include the main construction area, earthwork excavation area, earthwork filling area, construction roads, temporary facilities area, and areas where soil and water conservation measures are concentrated. Spoil disposal sites may include those already in use, those undergoing protective works, and those requiring dynamic verification.

[0106] The drone operation terminal generates flight missions based on the spatial scope of key areas or spoil disposal sites. Flight missions include flight boundaries, flight altitude, flight path direction, shooting intervals, camera angles, forward overlap rate, and lateral overlap rate. To meet the requirements for generating 2D images and 3D models, the forward overlap rate can be set to no less than 70%, and the lateral overlap rate can be set to no less than 60%. The drone completes aerial photography according to the flight mission and records the shooting time, shooting location, flight altitude, and camera attitude of each aerial image into the aerial photography data.

[0107] When acquiring panoramic data, the drone hovers at a preset panoramic acquisition point and sequentially captures images from multiple shooting directions along the horizontal direction. Feature point matching and image stitching are performed based on overlapping areas in adjacent images to generate 360° panoramic data. This panoramic data is used to display the overall disturbance status of key areas, the implementation status of soil and water conservation measures, and the on-site construction status.

[0108] When acquiring aerial data of the spoil heap, the drone takes pictures according to a preset orthophoto and oblique photography route. Distortion correction, feature point extraction, homologous feature point matching, and spatial coordinate calculation are performed on the aerial data. Orthorectification and image stitching are then performed on the coordinate-calculated aerial data to generate a two-dimensional image of the spoil heap.

[0109] A sparse point cloud is generated based on the matching results of identical feature points, and then the sparse point cloud is densified to generate a dense point cloud. A triangular mesh is constructed based on the dense point cloud, and the texture information corresponding to the aerial image is mapped to the triangular mesh to generate the 3D model data corresponding to the spoil disposal site. Using ground control points or UAV positioning data, the 2D imagery and 3D model data are converted to the spatial coordinate system adopted by the target railway project.

[0110] In one implementation, drones conduct aerial photography missions over key areas and spoil disposal sites once per quarter. Adjacent monitoring periods use the same or similar flight boundaries, altitudes, and ground control points to improve spatial consistency between 2D imagery and 3D model data from different time periods. Corresponding spatial coverage information is generated based on the boundaries of the 2D imagery and the 3D model, respectively.

[0111] After generating 2D imagery and 3D model data, the aerial coverage integrity, image overlap, control point errors, and model voids are checked. If the check results do not meet the preset data quality conditions, the UAV terminal performs supplementary aerial photography tasks for the missing areas or areas with excessive errors.

[0112] Step S203: Obtain on-site video data of the spoil disposal site with pre-existing hidden dangers in the target railway project through video monitoring equipment.

[0113] Here, based on historical monitoring results, parameter data, drone monitoring results, and on-site problem records, it is determined whether the waste disposal site meets the preset hazard conditions. Preset hazard conditions may include the waste disposal site reaching a preset height, the volume of earth and rock reaching a preset quantity, incomplete protective measures, incomplete drainage measures, or historical monitoring results reaching a preset risk level. If the waste disposal site meets at least one preset hazard condition, it will be designated as a video monitoring target.

[0114] The video surveillance equipment is installed in locations that cover the spoil disposal area, spoil containment facilities, and drainage facilities. The equipment includes cameras, positioning components, communication components, power supply components, and equipment status acquisition components. The power supply components use solar panels and energy storage batteries to power the cameras and communication components. The communication components use fourth-generation (4G) or fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology to transmit on-site video data to the soil and water conservation information management system.

[0115] The equipment installation personnel set the monitoring range of the video surveillance equipment based on the boundary of the spoil disposal site, the camera installation location, the camera shooting direction, the camera field of view, and the effective observation distance. Spatial coverage information corresponding to the on-site video data is then generated based on the monitoring range.

[0116] The video surveillance equipment can continuously collect on-site video data, and can also collect video clips or on-site images at preset time intervals. The equipment adds device identification, collection time, and installation location information to the on-site video data, and uploads the data to the soil and water conservation information management system via a communication network. Upon receiving the on-site video data, the system decodes, checks its integrity, and sorts it by time, then stores it according to the waste disposal site identification.

[0117] Users of construction units, monitoring units, or supervision units can remotely view real-time and historical images of the spoil disposal site through web management terminals or mobile applications to verify the status of earthwork stockpiling, the implementation status of soil and water conservation measures, and the on-site construction status.

[0118] The equipment status acquisition component collects the online status of the video surveillance equipment, the power level of the energy storage battery, the communication signal strength, and the storage space status. When the equipment status does not meet the preset operating conditions, it generates equipment maintenance information and sends it to the user terminal responsible for equipment maintenance to ensure continuous acquisition of on-site video data.

[0119] Step S204: At least one of the following is identified as multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data: remote sensing imagery, panoramic data, two-dimensional imagery, three-dimensional model data, and on-site video data.

[0120] Here, based on the monitoring object, monitoring scope, monitoring period, and data quality requirements corresponding to this monitoring task, one or more types of data are selected from remote sensing imagery, panoramic data, 2D imagery, 3D model data, and on-site video data as the data to be written. For each piece of data to be written, the data type, data identifier, sensing device identifier, acquisition time, spatial coverage information, coordinate system, and data quality level are configured.

[0121] "At least one" indicates that at least one type of new monitoring data exists during each data update. The new monitoring data is merged with existing monitoring data collected by different types of sensing devices in the database to form multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data. If no merging data exists in the database, at least two types of data are selected from the data collected by different types of sensing devices to form multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data. Therefore, multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data can include data collected by different sensing devices during the same or different monitoring periods; it is not required that all data types be collected simultaneously for each monitoring task.

[0122] Multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data are categorized and stored according to their source and data type. Remote sensing images are stored in the remote sensing monitoring database, panoramic data, 2D images, and 3D model data are stored in the UAV monitoring database, and on-site video data are stored in the online monitoring database. Each database establishes a data query relationship through a unified project identifier, spatial location index, and monitoring time index.

[0123] It can also acquire quarterly reports on soil and water conservation monitoring, quarterly reports on soil and water conservation supervision, soil and water conservation monitoring data, and temporary facility data, and store them in a categorized manner according to the target railway project, construction section, and project stage. The quarterly reports on soil and water conservation monitoring, quarterly reports on soil and water conservation supervision, soil and water conservation monitoring data, and temporary facility data serve as supplementary data for project management and risk analysis, and do not replace the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data collected by sensing equipment. Temporary facility data records the location, purpose, activation time, deactivation time, and restoration status of temporary facilities.

[0124] In one implementation, the knowledge base stores water and soil conservation management regulations, news announcements, water and soil conservation laws and regulations, and water and soil conservation training and publicity materials for railway projects. User terminals of the construction unit, monitoring unit, supervision unit, and construction unit can query data in the knowledge base according to their corresponding information management permissions.

[0125] After determining and storing the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, a spatial index is established based on the spatial coverage information. The spatial index is used to spatially match and correlate remote sensing images, panoramic data, 2D images, 3D model data, and field video data corresponding to the same disturbed area.

[0126] In an optional implementation, step S102 involves identifying at least one disturbed area in the target railway project based on multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, including the following steps S301-S304.

[0127] Step S301: Extract remote sensing images of the target railway project from multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data for at least two monitoring periods.

[0128] Here, based on the target railway project identification, monitoring period, and spatial coverage information, remote sensing images covering the monitoring area of ​​the target railway project are selected from the remote sensing monitoring database. At least two monitoring periods are included: a baseline monitoring period and a comparative monitoring period. The baseline monitoring period can be the monitoring period before the start of construction of the target railway project, or the monitoring period corresponding to the previous monitoring cycle. The comparative monitoring period is the monitoring period after the start of construction or the monitoring period corresponding to the current monitoring cycle.

[0129] When multiple candidate remote sensing images correspond to the same monitoring period, the spatial coverage, cloud cover ratio, spatial resolution, and data quality level of each candidate image are compared sequentially. Priority is given to images that fully cover the target railway project, have a low cloud cover ratio, and a high data quality level. If a single candidate image does not fully cover the target railway project, multiple spatially adjacent candidate images are stitched together to obtain the remote sensing image of the target railway project for the corresponding monitoring period.

[0130] Further checks were conducted to ensure that remote sensing images from different monitoring periods used the same spatial coordinate system, spatial resolution, and pixel arrangement. If the spatial coordinate systems differed, coordinate transformation was performed on the remote sensing images; if the spatial resolutions differed, the images were resampled; and if there were positional shifts at the same geographical location, secondary registration was performed using road intersections, permanent buildings, or terrain feature points. After processing, remote sensing images from different monitoring periods reflected the same geographical location at the same pixel positions.

[0131] To reduce identification errors caused by seasonal changes, remote sensing images acquired in the same or similar seasons are prioritized. When remote sensing images in similar seasons are unavailable, corresponding seasonal correction parameters are set according to different land use types such as forest, grassland, cultivated land, water bodies, and bare land. These seasonal correction parameters are then used to correct the color, spectral, and vegetation cover characteristics of the remote sensing images.

[0132] Step S302: Based on remote sensing images corresponding to different monitoring periods, determine the changes in land use type texture details corresponding to the same geographical location.

[0133] Here, land use type is used to represent the state of land cover or land use. Land use types can include woodland, grassland, cultivated land, water bodies, bare land, roads, built-up areas, and construction areas. Land use type texture details are used to reflect the grayscale distribution, color distribution, edge distribution, local contrast, and spatial arrangement characteristics of different land use types in remote sensing imagery.

[0134] In one implementation, the remote sensing images corresponding to the baseline monitoring period and the comparison monitoring period are divided into multiple image grids according to a preset grid size. The preset grid size is determined based on the spatial resolution of the remote sensing images and the minimum disturbance area to be identified. Each image grid in the baseline monitoring period is associated with an image grid at the same geographical location in the comparison monitoring period.

[0135] The average gray level, gray level variance, local contrast, texture entropy, edge density, color components, and vegetation cover features are extracted for each image grid, and the land use type corresponding to the image grid is determined based on each feature. For two image grids corresponding to the same geographical location, the difference between features of the same type is calculated, and each difference is normalized. The normalized differences are then weighted and summed according to preset feature weights to obtain the texture change value for the corresponding geographical location.

[0136] The texture change value is compared with a preset texture change threshold for the corresponding land use type. When the texture change value reaches the preset texture change threshold, the corresponding image grid is marked as a changed grid. When the land use types corresponding to the baseline monitoring period and the comparison monitoring period are different, the corresponding image grid is also marked as a changed grid.

[0137] The preset texture change threshold can be pre-calibrated based on historical remote sensing images and texture change values ​​corresponding to confirmed disturbed areas, or it can be determined based on sample areas where no construction disturbance has occurred. When determining the preset texture change threshold using sample areas, first calculate the average and standard deviation of the texture change values ​​corresponding to multiple sample areas, and then determine the preset texture change threshold by summing the average and the standard deviation of the preset multiple.

[0138] Changes in land use type texture details can also be determined by comparing image objects. First, the remote sensing image is segmented into regions based on color similarity, texture similarity, and spatial adjacency to obtain multiple image objects with similar internal features. Then, image objects with the same spatial location or overlapping spatial range from different monitoring periods are matched. When the land use type corresponding to a matched image object changes, or when the difference in texture features between matched image objects reaches a preset object change threshold, the geographical location corresponding to the matched image object is marked as the changed location.

[0139] A land use type texture change map is generated based on the changing grid or location. The land use type texture change map records the texture change value, the land use type before the change, the land use type after the change, the spatial location, and the monitoring period for each change location.

[0140] Step S303: Based on the changes in texture details of land use type, identify disturbed patches formed by the production and construction activities of the target railway project.

[0141] Here, continuously distributed change grids or change locations are extracted from the land use type texture change map, and spatially continuous change grids or change locations are combined into candidate change areas. These candidate change areas are then spatially and temporally compared with the monitoring range, railway line location, construction section range, construction plan, engineering layout information, and temporary facility information of the target railway project.

[0142] If a candidate change area is located within the monitoring range of the target railway project, and is spatially related to the railway line, construction road, spoil heap, borrow pit, or temporary facility area, and its formation time falls within the implementation period of the corresponding construction task, then the candidate change area is identified as an engineering-related change area. If a candidate change area exceeds the design disturbance range corresponding to the soil and water conservation design scheme, but is spatially and temporally related to the production and construction activities of the target railway project, then the candidate change area is still retained.

[0143] Further determine the direction of land use type change corresponding to the area affected by the project. When forest land, grassland, or cultivated land is converted into bare land, roads, or construction areas, the corresponding change is identified as a surface disturbance change. When the area, shape, elevation, or texture of bare land changes significantly, determine whether the corresponding change was caused by earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, or spoil disposal activities, based on the construction plan, project layout information, and changes in adjacent areas.

[0144] Seasonal vegetation changes, periodic water body changes, changes in shadows from remote sensing images, and surface changes unrelated to the target railway project are excluded. When the cause of a change cannot be determined from remote sensing images, candidate change areas are marked as areas to be verified, and supplementary drone data collection tasks or on-site verification tasks are generated.

[0145] After determining the correlation between production and construction activities, small-area noise removal, internal void filling, boundary smoothing, and merging of adjacent areas are performed on the areas affected by engineering changes to obtain disturbed patches. Each disturbed patch is assigned a patch identifier, and the patch formation time, land use type before the change, land use type after the change, disturbed area, corresponding construction section, and identification reliability are recorded.

[0146] Step S304: The region corresponding to the disturbance patch is determined as the disturbance region.

[0147] Here, the raster boundary of the disturbance patch is vectorized to generate a spatial extent polygon corresponding to the disturbance patch. Based on the spatial extent polygon, the boundary coordinates, center point coordinates, area, perimeter, line mileage location, and corresponding construction section are calculated, and the calculation results are used as the spatial location information of the disturbance area.

[0148] When multiple disturbed patches overlap, or the shortest distance between multiple disturbed patches is not greater than the preset merging distance, and multiple disturbed patches are formed by the same construction activity, the multiple disturbed patches will be merged into one disturbed area. When a disturbed patch spans multiple construction sections, multiple prevention and control zones, or multiple management areas, the disturbed patch will be divided according to the boundaries of the construction sections, prevention and control zones, or management areas to obtain multiple disturbed areas.

[0149] When the area of ​​a disturbed patch is smaller than the preset minimum disturbed area, the disturbed patch is marked as a patch to be confirmed, and the corresponding remote sensing image is sent to the monitoring unit's user terminal. If the monitoring unit's user terminal reports that the disturbed patch was formed by production and construction activities, the area corresponding to the patch to be confirmed is identified as the disturbed area; if the monitoring unit's user terminal reports that the disturbed patch is unrelated to production and construction activities, the patch to be confirmed is deleted or marked as a non-engineering disturbed patch.

[0150] Each disturbed area is assigned a regional identifier, and a correspondence is established between the regional identifier and the patch identifier, spatial location information, monitoring period, construction section, and prevention and control zone. The disturbed area is used to calculate the disturbed area of ​​different prevention and control zones.

[0151] In an optional implementation, step S103 includes the following steps S401-S402.

[0152] Step S401: Match the spatial location information with each spatial coverage information to determine the target remote sensing image and target monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area; wherein, the target monitoring data is at least one of the target panoramic data, target two-dimensional image, target three-dimensional model data and target on-site video data.

[0153] Here, for each disturbed area, candidate monitoring data that intersect with, contain, or are adjacent to the disturbed area are queried from the spatial index.

[0154] For remote sensing imagery, panoramic data, 2D imagery, and 3D model data, calculate the intersection area between the disturbed area and the corresponding spatial coverage area of ​​the candidate monitoring data, and calculate the spatial coverage ratio of the intersection area to the disturbed area. When the spatial coverage ratio reaches a preset coverage ratio threshold, the candidate monitoring data is determined to be spatially matched with the disturbed area.

[0155] For on-site video data, the spatial extent of the disturbed area is compared with the field of view coverage of the video surveillance equipment. If the disturbed area is wholly or partially within the field of view coverage, the on-site video data is considered to match the spatial extent of the disturbed area. When the video surveillance equipment adjusts its shooting direction, the field of view coverage is recalculated based on the adjusted shooting direction, field of view angle, and effective observation distance.

[0156] When a disturbed area is generated from disturbed patches in a remote sensing image, the remote sensing image that generated the disturbed patches is directly identified as the target remote sensing image. When a disturbed area is identified through UAV data, on-site video data, or manual verification data, the remote sensing image covering the disturbed area is queried from the remote sensing monitoring database according to the spatial coverage ratio, and the queried remote sensing image is identified as the target remote sensing image.

[0157] When multiple candidate monitoring data points correspond to the same disturbance area, these data points should be sorted according to spatial coverage ratio, collection time, and data quality level. Priority should be given to candidate monitoring data with higher spatial coverage ratios, collection times closer to the risk analysis period, and higher data quality levels. When analyzing the temporal changes in the disturbance area, multiple candidate monitoring data points corresponding to different monitoring periods should be retained.

[0158] At least one of the following—panoramic data, 2D imagery, 3D model data, and on-site video data—that matches the spatial data of the disturbed area is identified as target monitoring data. Target monitoring data may include only one data type or multiple data types simultaneously. If no target monitoring data matches the spatial data of the disturbed area, the corresponding data missing type is recorded, and a drone supplementary data collection task, a video surveillance range adjustment task, or an on-site verification task is generated. After the supplementary data acquisition is completed, spatial matching is re-executed.

[0159] Step S402: Establish the correlation between the disturbed area, the target remote sensing image, and the target monitoring data to obtain the associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0160] Here, the region identifier is used as the association index to establish the correspondence between the region identifier, the data identifier of the target remote sensing image, and the data identifier of the target monitoring data. The association also records the data type, sensing device identifier, acquisition time, spatial coverage ratio, coordinate system, data quality level, and data access address.

[0161] Based on the correlation, the target remote sensing imagery and target monitoring data are organized into associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area. The associated monitoring data includes the raw data of the target remote sensing imagery and target monitoring data, and may also include characteristic data extracted from the target remote sensing imagery and target monitoring data, such as land use type, disturbed area, surface elevation, stacking height, earthwork volume, implementation status of soil and water conservation measures, and on-site construction status.

[0162] In one implementation, a disturbance area association record table is established. Each record in the disturbance area association record table corresponds to a disturbance area and records the area identifier, spatial location information, and data identifiers for different types of target monitoring data. After new monitoring data is written to the database, spatial matching is re-executed, and new monitoring data that meets the matching conditions are added to the corresponding disturbance area association record table, forming associated monitoring data arranged according to monitoring time periods.

[0163] Upon receiving a data viewing request from a user terminal regarding a disturbed area, the system queries related monitoring data based on the area identifier and outputs target remote sensing imagery, target panoramic data, target 2D imagery, target 3D model data, or target on-site video data to the user terminal. When the user terminal sends a data format switching command, the system reads the corresponding data based on the association relationship and switches the data display format while keeping the spatial location of the disturbed area unchanged.

[0164] Remote sensing imagery of the target area is used to show the overall location and surface changes of the disturbed area within the railway line area; panoramic data of the target area is used to show the overall construction status around the disturbed area; 2D imagery of the target area is used to show the planar boundaries of the disturbed area and the distribution of soil and water conservation measures; 3D model data of the target area is used to show the spatial morphology and elevation changes of the disturbed area; and on-site video data of the target area is used to show the real-time construction status of the disturbed area. Cross-validation between monitoring data from different sources improves the accuracy of disturbed area identification and risk analysis.

[0165] In an optional implementation, the project baseline data includes design disturbance vector data determined based on the soil and water conservation design scheme of the target railway project.

[0166] Here, design disturbance vector data is used to represent the construction disturbance range approved or planned for soil and water conservation design schemes. Design disturbance vector data can be directly imported from the electronic vector file corresponding to the soil and water conservation design scheme, or it can be obtained by vectorizing design drawings with spatial coordinate information.

[0167] When generating design disturbance vector data from design drawings, the design drawings are first converted to the spatial coordinate system used by the target railway project. Then, the main engineering area, construction roads, spoil heaps, borrow pits, temporary facility areas, and soil and water conservation measure areas in the design drawings are identified. Point features, line features, or area features are generated along the design boundaries of each area. Each vector feature is configured with an engineering object identifier, engineering object type, design boundary, design area, corresponding construction section, and data version.

[0168] When an approved change is made to a soil and water conservation design scheme, the design disturbance vector data should be updated according to the approved change document, and the data versions and effective dates before and after the update should be retained. Risk analysis should select design disturbance vector data valid for the corresponding monitoring period to prevent comparisons using different versions of design data.

[0169] Step S104 includes the following steps S501-S503.

[0170] Step S501: Based on the associated monitoring data, determine the actual construction disturbance vector data corresponding to the disturbance area.

[0171] Here, remote sensing images and monitoring data of the target corresponding to the disturbed area are read from the associated monitoring data, and data used to determine the actual construction scope are filtered according to data acquisition time, spatial coverage ratio, and data quality level. Target monitoring data includes at least one of the following: target panoramic data, target 2D imagery, target 3D model data, and target on-site video data.

[0172] The actual construction disturbance range can be determined through image change extraction or three-dimensional surface change extraction. When using image change extraction, the target remote sensing image or target two-dimensional image is classified and segmented to extract bare land, construction roads, earthwork excavation areas, earthwork filling areas, and waste dumping areas transformed from vegetation-covered areas, cultivated land areas, or original surface areas. The extraction results are then used to determine the candidate actual construction disturbance range.

[0173] When using the 3D surface change extraction method, the target 3D model data corresponding to the current monitoring period is spatially registered with the terrain model corresponding to the pre-construction or previous monitoring period, and then the surface elevation change value is calculated grid by grid. When the absolute value of the surface elevation change value reaches the preset elevation change threshold, the corresponding grid is marked as a surface change grid. Spatially continuous surface change grids are merged to obtain the candidate actual construction disturbance range.

[0174] The target panoramic data and target on-site video data are used to verify whether there are any production and construction activities such as earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, spoil disposal, construction road formation, or soil and water conservation measures at the corresponding locations of the candidate actual construction disturbance area. When the on-site video does not match the candidate actual construction disturbance area, the candidate actual construction disturbance area is marked as an area to be confirmed, and a manual confirmation task is sent to the monitoring unit's user terminal.

[0175] The candidate actual construction disturbance area undergoes small-area noise removal, internal void filling, adjacent area merging, and boundary smoothing. The processed area boundaries are then vectorized to obtain the actual construction disturbance vector data. The actual construction disturbance vector data records the disturbance area identifier, boundary coordinates, disturbance area, disturbance type, corresponding construction section, monitoring period, and data source identifier.

[0176] When candidate actual construction disturbance ranges formed by monitoring data from different sources partially overlap, spatial merging is performed on multiple candidate actual construction disturbance ranges. When the difference between candidate actual construction disturbance ranges formed by monitoring data from different sources reaches a preset range difference threshold, the data to be used is determined based on the collection time, spatial resolution, and data quality level, and the difference portion is marked as the range to be verified.

[0177] Step S502: Perform spatial overlay analysis and statistical analysis on the design disturbance vector data and the actual construction disturbance vector data to obtain the difference information corresponding to the disturbance area; wherein, the difference information is used to characterize the difference between the actual construction disturbance vector data and the design disturbance vector data.

[0178] Before performing spatial overlay analysis, the spatial coordinate system, data scale, and boundary accuracy of the design disturbance vector data and the actual construction disturbance vector data are checked. If the spatial coordinate systems are different, a coordinate transformation is performed on either the design disturbance vector data or the actual construction disturbance vector data; if the boundary accuracy is different, the vector boundaries are corrected according to the preset boundary tolerance.

[0179] For each disturbance area, the actual construction disturbance vector data and the corresponding design disturbance vector data are subjected to intersection, difference, and proximity analysis. The intersection operation is used to determine the overlapping part between the actual construction range and the design disturbance range; the difference operation is used to determine the part that exceeds the design disturbance range and the part within the design range that has not yet formed actual disturbance; and the proximity analysis is used to determine the positional offset of the actual engineering object relative to the design engineering object.

[0180] Statistical analysis includes area statistics, length statistics, quantity statistics, and engineering parameter statistics. Area statistics are used to determine the actual disturbance area, designed disturbance area, overlapping area, and excess area; length statistics are used to determine the designed length, actual length, and positional offset length of construction roads or railway lines; quantity statistics are used to determine the designed quantity and actual quantity of spoil heaps, borrow pits, or temporary facilities; and engineering parameter statistics are used to determine the designed and actual values ​​of parameters such as vegetation area, topsoil stripping volume, and earthwork volume.

[0181] Difference information is generated based on the spatial overlay analysis and statistical analysis results. This information records the difference type, location, range, value, proportion, corresponding engineering object, monitoring period, and evidence data identifier. Difference types can include exceeding the permitted range, location change, area change, quantity change, engineering form change, and engineering volume change.

[0182] Step S503: If the difference information meets the preset change conditions, determine that the soil and water conservation risk information includes project compliance risk information.

[0183] Here, the preset change conditions are pre-configured based on soil and water conservation management requirements, soil and water conservation design schemes, and management rules of the target railway project. Pre-set change conditions can be either state-triggered or numerical threshold conditions. State-triggered conditions are used to determine whether the actual construction area exceeds the scope of responsibility for soil and water conservation, whether the actual construction area overlaps with key control areas, whether a new spoil heap has been added, or whether a change in the engineering form has occurred. Numerical threshold conditions are used to determine whether the engineering location offset, the change in vegetation area, the change in topsoil stripping volume, or the change in earthwork volume reaches the corresponding preset change threshold.

[0184] The system reads the difference type and value from each difference information item by item and matches them with the corresponding preset change conditions. When at least one difference information item meets the corresponding preset change condition, the disturbance area is identified as a disturbance area with project compliance risk, and project compliance risk information is generated.

[0185] Project compliance risk information includes risk type, triggering item, difference value, preset change conditions, risk level, spatial location information of the disturbance area, monitoring period, and evidence data identifier. The triggering item indicates which one or more of the following caused the project compliance risk: exceeding the scope, overlapping key control areas, changes in engineering layout, changes in engineering form, or changes in engineering quantity. The evidence data identifier points to the corresponding design disturbance vector data, actual construction disturbance vector data, target remote sensing imagery, and target monitoring data.

[0186] If the discrepancy information does not meet the preset change conditions, the project compliance risk status of the disturbed area will be recorded as normal. After the new monitoring data is written, the actual construction disturbance vector data will be redefined and the discrepancy information will be updated to achieve dynamic monitoring of construction changes to the target railway project.

[0187] In an optional implementation, the project baseline data also includes vector data of the responsibility area for soil and water conservation, vector data of key control areas, and design engineering information.

[0188] Here, the vector data for the scope of responsibility for soil and water conservation is used to represent the spatial scope within which the target railway project legally or with approval assumes responsibility for soil and water conservation. The vector data for key control areas is used to represent the spatial scope within which key soil and water conservation control needs to be carried out. Key control areas may include soil and water conservation prevention zones, soil and water conservation management zones, ecological protection red line areas, and secondary water source protection zones.

[0189] Design engineering information is used to represent the engineering layout, engineering form, and engineering quantities recorded in the soil and water conservation design scheme. Design engineering information includes the location of construction roads, railway lines, spoil heaps, borrow pits, temporary facilities, bridge and embankment layout, tunnel and cutting layout, vegetation area, topsoil stripping volume, and excavation and filling volume.

[0190] Step S502 includes the following steps S601-S604.

[0191] Step S601: Spatially overlay the actual construction disturbance vector data with the soil and water conservation responsibility area vector data and the key control area vector data to determine the information on the overlap between the prevention and control responsibility area and the key control area corresponding to the disturbance area.

[0192] Here, the actual construction disturbance vector data and the soil erosion prevention responsibility area vector data are intersected and differencing. The intersection operation yields the actual construction disturbance portion located within the soil erosion prevention responsibility area, while the difference operation yields the actual construction disturbance portion located outside the soil erosion prevention responsibility area.

[0193] To reduce misjudgments caused by coordinate and boundary drawing errors, a buffer is applied to the boundary of the soil and water conservation responsibility area based on a preset boundary tolerance. When the actual construction disturbance area is within the buffered boundary range, the actual construction disturbance area is determined to be within the buffered boundary range; when the actual construction disturbance area exceeds the buffered boundary range, information indicating that the responsibility area for soil and water conservation has exceeded the buffered boundary range is generated based on the excess portion.

[0194] Information regarding the scope of responsibility for soil and water conservation exceeding the designated area includes the status of exceeding the designated area, the area exceeding the designated area, the proportion of the area exceeding the designated area to the actual disturbed area, the location of the exceeding area, and the corresponding construction section. If the actual construction disturbance area does not exceed the scope of responsibility for soil and water conservation, the status of exceeding the designated area is recorded as "not exceeding the designated area," and the area exceeding the designated area is recorded as zero.

[0195] Spatial intersection calculations are performed between the actual construction disturbance vector data and the key control area vector data to obtain the overlapping portion between the actual construction disturbance range and the key control area. When an overlap exists, key control area overlap information is generated based on this overlap.

[0196] The information on overlapping key control areas includes the overlap status, key control area type, overlapping area boundaries, overlapping area, overlapping area ratio, and corresponding construction activities. When the same disturbance area overlaps with multiple key control areas, the overlap information for each key control area is recorded separately.

[0197] Step S602: Compare the actual construction disturbance vector data with the design disturbance vector data to determine the engineering layout change information corresponding to the disturbance area.

[0198] Here, according to the type of engineering object, the design and construction roads, design railway lines, design spoil heaps, design borrow pits and design temporary facilities are extracted from the design disturbance vector data, and the corresponding actual engineering objects are extracted from the actual construction disturbance vector data.

[0199] When engineering objects share the same identifier, a direct comparison between the designed engineering object and the actual engineering object is established. When engineering objects do not share the same identifier, a comparison is established based on the engineering object type, spatial overlap ratio, and center distance.

[0200] For construction roads and railway lines, the designed alignment and the actual alignment are extracted separately, and multiple sampling points are set on the alignment according to a preset sampling interval. The shortest distance from each actual alignment sampling point to the designed alignment is calculated, and the maximum or average value of the multiple shortest distances is determined as the alignment offset. When the alignment offset reaches a preset alignment change threshold, construction road change information or railway line position change information is generated.

[0201] For spoil heaps, borrow pits, and temporary facilities, the spatial location, boundary shape, and coverage area of ​​the design area are compared with those of the actual area. If no comparison relationship can be established between the actual area and any design area, the actual area is identified as a new project area. If no comparison relationship can be established between the actual spoil heap and any designed spoil heap, new spoil heap information is generated.

[0202] The actual area can be compared with the design area. However, when the offset of the center position, the change in area, or the difference in the boundary of the actual area reaches the corresponding preset layout change threshold, information on the change in the location or the change in the scope of the engineering object is generated. The information on changes in construction roads, railway lines, newly added spoil disposal sites, and the changes in the location and scope of engineering objects are combined into engineering layout change information.

[0203] Step S603: Determine the actual engineering information based on the associated monitoring data, and compare the actual engineering information with the design engineering information to determine the engineering form change information and engineering quantity change information corresponding to the disturbance area.

[0204] Here, actual engineering information is extracted from target 2D images, target 3D model data, target on-site video data, monitoring and reporting data, and on-site verification data. Actual engineering information includes actual engineering form, actual vegetation area, actual topsoil stripping volume, actual excavation volume, and actual filling volume.

[0205] The actual engineering form can be determined based on the structural features of the target in 2D imagery and on-site video data, as well as monitoring and on-site verification data. The actual engineering form is then compared with the designed engineering form. If the designed engineering form is a bridge but the actual engineering form is an embankment, engineering form change information is generated (bridge to embankment); if the designed engineering form is a tunnel but the actual engineering form is a road cut, engineering form change information is generated (tunnel to road cut).

[0206] The actual vegetation coverage area is calculated based on the boundaries of the vegetation coverage area in the target 2D image. First, the vegetation coverage area is identified, then converted into a vector surface, and the area of ​​the vector surface is calculated. The actual vegetation coverage area is compared with the designed vegetation coverage area to obtain the change in vegetation coverage area and the percentage change.

[0207] The actual topsoil stripping volume is determined based on the actual stripped area and the average stripping thickness. The actual stripped area is obtained from the target 2D image or monitoring data, while the average stripping thickness is obtained from field measurement data or monitoring data. The actual topsoil stripping volume is obtained by multiplying the actual stripped area by the average stripping thickness.

[0208] The actual earthwork volume is determined based on the target 3D model data. The pre-construction terrain model and the target 3D model data corresponding to the current monitoring period are divided into multiple computational grids with the same location. The average elevation difference between the two surface models within each computational grid is calculated, and then multiplied by the area of ​​the computational grid to obtain the earthwork change volume corresponding to that grid. The earthwork changes corresponding to all computational grids are summed to obtain the actual excavated earthwork volume and the actual filled earthwork volume.

[0209] The actual area of ​​vegetation measures, the actual amount of topsoil stripping, the actual volume of excavated earthwork, and the actual volume of filled earthwork are compared with the corresponding design values ​​in the engineering design information to obtain the changes and percentages of each quantity. These changes and percentages are then combined to form the engineering quantity change information.

[0210] Step S604: Based on information such as the scope of prevention and control responsibility exceeding the limit, information on overlapping key control areas, information on changes in engineering layout, information on changes in engineering form, and information on changes in engineering quantity, generate difference information by combining these information.

[0211] Here, based on the disturbance area identification, information on the scope of prevention and control responsibilities exceeding the limit, information on overlapping key control areas, information on changes in engineering layout, information on changes in engineering form, and information on changes in engineering quantity are written into the same difference record. The difference record includes the disturbance area identification, difference category, difference item, design value, actual value, difference value, difference ratio, spatial location, monitoring period, and evidence data identification.

[0212] When multiple differences exist within the same disturbance area, records corresponding to each difference are retained, and a hierarchical relationship is established according to the difference category. Information regarding the scope of prevention and control responsibility exceeding the scope of key control areas is categorized into the spatial compliance difference category; information regarding changes in engineering layout and engineering form is categorized into the engineering scheme difference category; and information regarding changes in engineering quantity is categorized into the engineering quantity difference category.

[0213] When some actual engineering information is temporarily unavailable, the corresponding discrepancy items are marked as pending supplementation, and a data supplementation task is generated. After the data supplementation task is completed, the comparison process for the corresponding discrepancy items is re-executed, and the discrepancy information is updated.

[0214] After the difference information is generated, each difference in the difference information is matched with the corresponding preset change conditions to determine whether there are project compliance risks in the disturbed area. By continuously updating the difference information generated in different monitoring periods, dynamic monitoring of changes in the scope of prevention and control responsibilities, overlap of key control areas, changes in project layout, changes in project form, and changes in project quantity can be achieved.

[0215] In an optional implementation, step S104 includes the following steps S701-S703.

[0216] Step S701: Based on the associated monitoring data, determine the earthwork excavation information, earthwork filling information, and soil and water conservation measures implementation information within the disturbed area.

[0217] Here, based on the disturbance area identification, target remote sensing images, target panoramic data, target 2D images, target 3D model data, and target on-site video data are read from the associated monitoring data, and the monitoring data from different sources are sorted according to the acquisition time. Monitoring data that is close to the current risk assessment period and has a higher data quality level are given priority.

[0218] Earthwork excavation information is used to reflect the location, extent, and scale of earthwork excavation within the disturbed area. Earthwork excavation information can be determined based on the exposed surface boundaries in remote sensing or 2D imagery of the target, or based on the reduction in surface elevation in the target's 3D model data.

[0219] When using image data to determine earthwork excavation information, the target remote sensing image or target 2D image is classified to extract bare land formed by the transformation of original vegetation cover areas, cultivated land areas, or natural surface areas. Candidate excavation areas are then identified by combining this information with construction roads, excavation slopes, and traces of construction machinery activity. The candidate excavation areas are then vectorized by boundary mapping and area calculation to obtain the excavation location and area.

[0220] When determining earthwork excavation information using target 3D model data, the pre-construction terrain model and the target 3D model data corresponding to the current monitoring period are converted to the same spatial coordinate system and divided into multiple computational grids with the same location. When the current surface elevation is lower than the pre-construction surface elevation, and the absolute value of the elevation difference reaches the preset excavation identification threshold, the corresponding computational grid is identified as the excavation grid. Spatially continuous excavation grids are merged to obtain the excavation area. Based on the elevation difference, grid area, and number of grids for each excavation grid, the excavation depth and excavated earthwork volume are calculated.

[0221] Earthwork excavation information includes the excavation area boundary, excavation area, maximum excavation depth, average excavation depth, excavated earthwork volume, monitoring period, and evidence data identifiers. If a pre-construction terrain model is unavailable, the target 3D model data corresponding to the previous monitoring period is used as the elevation comparison benchmark.

[0222] Earthwork filling information is used to reflect the location, extent, and scale of earthwork filling or spoil disposal within the disturbed area. Earthwork filling information can be determined based on newly added disposal areas in the target 2D imagery, or based on increases in surface elevation in the target 3D model data.

[0223] When using target 3D model data to determine earthwork filling information, if the current ground elevation is higher than the ground elevation before construction, and the elevation difference reaches a preset filling identification threshold, the corresponding calculation grid is determined as the filling grid. Spatially continuous filling grids are merged to obtain the filling area. Based on the elevation difference and grid area of ​​each filling grid, the filling height and earthwork volume are calculated.

[0224] Earthwork filling information includes the boundary of the filling area, filling area, maximum filling height, average filling height, filling volume, monitoring period, and evidence data identifiers. When there are discrepancies between the filling range corresponding to the target 2D image, target 3D model data, and target on-site video data, the data to be used first is determined based on the acquisition time, spatial resolution, and data quality level, and the discrepancies are marked as areas to be verified.

[0225] Information on the implementation of soil and water conservation measures is used to reflect the type, location, completion level, and operational status of soil and water conservation measures within the disturbed area. Soil and water conservation measures may include sediment containment measures, drainage measures, slope protection measures, temporary covering measures, sedimentation measures, and vegetation restoration measures.

[0226] Based on the project baseline data, obtain the design information for soil and water conservation measures corresponding to the disturbed area. This design information includes the type of measure, design location, design length, design area, planned completion time, and design status requirements. Using 2D imagery, panoramic data, and on-site video data of the target area, identify the soil and water conservation measures already implemented within the disturbed area and spatially match the actual measure locations with the designed measure locations.

[0227] When the actual location of a soil and water conservation measure matches the location of the designed measure, and the actual completion amount reaches the designed completion amount, the soil and water conservation measure status is determined to be "completed." When the actual location of a soil and water conservation measure matches the location of the designed measure, but the actual completion amount does not reach the designed completion amount, the soil and water conservation measure status is determined to be "under implementation." When no actual measure matching the location of the designed measure is identified, the soil and water conservation measure status is determined to be "not implemented." When completed soil and water conservation measures are damaged, blocked, or ineffective, the soil and water conservation measure status is determined to be "abnormal."

[0228] Information on the implementation of soil and water conservation measures includes the type of measure, actual location, actual completed amount, designed completed amount, completion rate, implementation status, operational status, monitoring period, and evidence data identifiers. When image data cannot accurately determine the implementation status of measures, a field verification task is generated, and the information on the implementation of soil and water conservation measures is updated based on the verification results fed back by the monitoring unit's user terminal.

[0229] Step S702: Based on the project baseline data, earthwork excavation information, earthwork filling information, and soil and water conservation measures implementation information, determine the disturbance risk level corresponding to the disturbance area according to the preset disturbance risk assessment rules.

[0230] Here, the pre-defined disturbance risk assessment rules are established based on the soil and water conservation design requirements, disturbance scale control requirements, soil and water conservation measure implementation requirements, and historical risk assessment results of the target railway project. The pre-defined disturbance risk assessment rules include risk assessment indicators, indicator benchmark values, indicator weights, risk triggering conditions, and risk level thresholds.

[0231] Risk assessment indicators include excavation area, excavation depth, excavated earthwork volume, filling area, filling height, filling earthwork volume, completion rate of soil and water conservation measures, and number of abnormal measures. Based on the project baseline data, the design values, allowable variation ranges, or assessment thresholds corresponding to each risk assessment indicator are obtained.

[0232] The disturbance risk level can be determined through rule matching or weighted scoring. When using rule matching, information on earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, and soil and water conservation measures is compared item by item with the corresponding risk triggering conditions.

[0233] If the excavation or filling area exceeds the corresponding design area, the excavation or filling volume reaches the preset high-risk threshold, and soil and water conservation measures are not implemented or are in an abnormal state, the disturbance risk level will be determined as high risk. If the excavation or filling scale does not reach the preset high-risk threshold, but at least one soil and water conservation measure is not completed, the disturbance risk level will be determined as medium risk. If the excavation and filling scales are within the allowable variation range, and all soil and water conservation measures are completed and in a normal state, the disturbance risk level will be determined as low risk.

[0234] When using a weighted scoring method, the excavation area, excavation depth, excavation volume, filling area, filling height, and filling volume are first converted into scale risk scores within a preset range based on the benchmark values ​​or evaluation thresholds corresponding to each risk assessment indicator. Then, the measure risk scores are determined based on the completion rate of soil and water conservation measures and the number of abnormal measures.

[0235] The scale risk score for excavation-related indicators is determined by the ratio of the actual value of the excavation indicator to the corresponding benchmark value. Similarly, the scale risk score for filling-related indicators is determined by the ratio of the actual value of the filling indicator to the corresponding benchmark value. When the actual value reaches or exceeds the corresponding benchmark value, the corresponding risk score increases as the deviation between the actual value and the benchmark value increases. The lower the completion rate of soil and water conservation measures, the higher the measure risk score; the more abnormal measures implemented, the higher the measure risk score.

[0236] The risk scores for each scale and measure are weighted and summed according to preset indicator weights to obtain the comprehensive risk score corresponding to the disturbed area. The sum of the preset indicator weights is 1. When the comprehensive risk score is less than the first risk level threshold, the disturbance risk level is determined to be low risk; when the comprehensive risk score is not less than the first risk level threshold and less than the second risk level threshold, the disturbance risk level is determined to be medium risk; when the comprehensive risk score is not less than the second risk level threshold, the disturbance risk level is determined to be high risk.

[0237] The preset indicator weights, first risk level thresholds, and second risk level thresholds are calibrated based on historical monitoring data corresponding to confirmed risk events. When historical monitoring data is unavailable, initial values ​​are set according to soil and water conservation management requirements, and the preset indicator weights and risk level thresholds are adjusted based on manual review results.

[0238] After completing the risk assessment, record the disturbance area identifier, comprehensive risk score, disturbance risk level, trigger risk assessment indicators, assessment time, and evidence data identifier. Once new associated monitoring data is written, re-execute the disturbance risk assessment to generate a time-series risk level record corresponding to the disturbance area.

[0239] Step S703: When the disturbance risk level is high, the disturbance patch corresponding to the disturbance area is identified as a high-risk disturbance patch, and the soil and water conservation risk information is determined to include the soil erosion risk information corresponding to the high-risk disturbance patch.

[0240] Here, disturbed patches are queried based on the disturbed area identifier, and their status is updated to high-risk. When a disturbed area corresponds to multiple disturbed patches, the disturbed patches corresponding to the earthwork excavation area, earthwork filling area, or area with abnormal soil and water conservation measures that trigger the high-risk assessment index are identified as high-risk disturbed patches.

[0241] Soil and water loss risk information includes high-risk disturbance patch identification, spatial location information, disturbance area, disturbance risk level, comprehensive risk score, main risk factors, earthwork excavation information, earthwork filling information, soil and water conservation measure implementation information, evaluation time, and evidence data identification. Main risk factors are ranked according to risk score or risk trigger priority.

[0242] Based on the construction sections and management areas corresponding to high-risk disturbance patches, the user terminals of the construction unit and the supervision unit responsible for the high-risk disturbance patches are determined, and early warning information is sent. The early warning information is used to instruct the construction unit to conduct verification and rectification of the high-risk disturbance patches, and to instruct the supervision unit to review the rectification results.

[0243] When new associated monitoring data indicates changes in the scale of earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, or the implementation status of soil and water conservation measures, the disturbance risk level is reassessed. If the reassessed disturbance risk level is lower than high risk, the status of the high-risk disturbance patch is updated, and records of risk level changes and rectification are retained to achieve continuous tracking and refined management of high-risk disturbance patches.

[0244] In an optional implementation, if the disturbance area is the area where the target waste disposal site is located, step S104 includes the following steps S801-S805.

[0245] Step S801: Obtain the three-dimensional model data of the spoil disposal site corresponding to different monitoring periods from the associated monitoring data.

[0246] Here, based on the disturbance area identifier corresponding to the target spoil disposal site, 3D model data corresponding to at least two monitoring periods are retrieved from the associated monitoring data. The at least two monitoring periods may include the baseline monitoring period before the target spoil disposal site is put into operation and the current monitoring period after its operation, and may also include two adjacent periodic monitoring periods.

[0247] The integrity of the 3D model data corresponding to different monitoring periods is checked, including model coverage, point cloud density, model voids, number of ground control points, and coordinate accuracy. If the 3D model data does not fully cover the target spoil disposal site, a supplementary UAV aerial photography mission is generated. When the 3D model data meets the preset model quality conditions, it enters the model registration process.

[0248] Based on the fixed ground features or ground control points that coexist in different monitoring periods, the 3D model data is spatially registered to ensure that the 3D model data corresponding to different monitoring periods use the same spatial coordinate system, the same elevation datum, and the same horizontal datum. After registration, the 3D model data is trimmed according to the management boundary of the target spoil disposal site to obtain the target 3D model data used for measurement.

[0249] Step S802: Based on the three-dimensional model data corresponding to different monitoring periods, measure the disturbance area, stacking height and earthwork volume of the spoil disposal site.

[0250] Here, the measurement range of the target spoil heap is determined based on the design boundary of the target spoil heap in the project baseline data or the original surface boundary corresponding to the baseline monitoring period. The target 3D model data is projected onto a horizontal plane, and continuous areas in the target 3D model data that show an increase in elevation relative to the original surface are extracted. When the elevation increase value reaches a preset spoil heap identification threshold, the corresponding area is identified as the spoil heap area. The horizontal projected area of ​​the spoil heap area is calculated to obtain the disturbance area of ​​the target spoil heap.

[0251] The stockpiling height is based on the original surface model or the design site bottom model corresponding to the baseline monitoring period. The waste stockpiling area is divided into multiple measurement grids of preset size, and the difference between the current surface elevation and the elevation benchmark within each measurement grid is calculated. The maximum elevation difference among the multiple measurement grids is the maximum stockpiling height, and the average elevation difference among the multiple measurement grids is the average stockpiling height.

[0252] Earthwork volume was measured using a grid integration method. For each measurement grid, the area of ​​the measurement grid was multiplied by the average elevation difference corresponding to the measurement grid to obtain the earthwork volume corresponding to the measurement grid. The earthwork volumes corresponding to all measurement grids within the spoil disposal area were summed to obtain the earthwork volume of the target spoil disposal site.

[0253] When local voids exist in the target 3D model data, interpolation is performed based on the effective elevation points around the void boundary to obtain the estimated elevation of the void area. When the void area reaches a preset void area threshold, no earthwork volume is estimated for the void area, and the corresponding measurement results are marked as pending supplementation.

[0254] After completing the measurement, record the disturbance area, maximum stacking height, average stacking height, earthwork volume, measurement range, model data identifier, and measurement time for each monitoring period.

[0255] Step S803: Compare the disturbance area, stockpile height and earthwork volume corresponding to different monitoring periods to obtain the change measurement data corresponding to the spoil disposal site.

[0256] Here, the measurement results corresponding to different monitoring periods are arranged in chronological order, and the changes in disturbance area, maximum pile height, average pile height, and earthwork volume between adjacent monitoring periods are calculated respectively. Dividing each change by the time interval between adjacent monitoring periods yields the rates of change of disturbance area, pile height, and earthwork volume.

[0257] When the waste disposal area corresponding to the current monitoring period exceeds the waste disposal area corresponding to the previous monitoring period, the newly added area is designated as the extended disposal area, and the area and earthwork volume of the extended disposal area are calculated. When the maximum disposal location corresponding to the current monitoring period changes, the spatial offset information of the maximum disposal location is recorded.

[0258] The change measurement data includes the original measurement results for each monitoring period, the amount of change between adjacent monitoring periods, the rate of change, the boundary of the expanded stockpile area, the expanded stockpile area, the expanded earthwork volume, and the maximum stockpile location offset information. The change measurement data is stored in association with the target spoil disposal site identifier and the monitoring period.

[0259] Step S804: Obtain the parameter reporting data corresponding to the waste disposal site, and determine the risk level corresponding to the waste disposal site based on the project baseline data, change measurement data and parameter reporting data, in accordance with the preset waste disposal site risk assessment rules.

[0260] Here, the parameter data is submitted by the user terminals of the construction unit, monitoring unit, or supervision unit according to the preset data entry template. The parameter data includes the name of the target spoil disposal site, the location of the target spoil disposal site, the design capacity, the design maximum stacking height, the design boundary, the current operating status, the implementation status of spoil containment measures, the implementation status of drainage measures, the slope protection status, and the most recent verification time.

[0261] Upon receiving the parameter submission data, the system performs integrity and value range checks. If any required fields are missing or parameter values ​​exceed the allowed range, supplementary information is sent to the user terminal that submitted the data. After the parameter submission data passes the checks, a mapping is established between the parameter submission data and the target spoil disposal site identifier.

[0262] The current stacking height, current earthwork volume, and current disturbance area in the parameter reporting data are compared with the corresponding measurement results in the 3D model data. When the difference between the parameter reporting value and the measurement result reaches the preset verification threshold, the corresponding parameter is marked as a parameter to be verified, and the measurement results corresponding to the 3D model data are used first for risk assessment.

[0263] The pre-defined risk assessment rules for spoil disposal sites include scope risk assessment rules, stockpile height risk assessment rules, capacity risk assessment rules, rate of change assessment rules, and protective measures risk assessment rules. Scope risk assessment rules are used to compare the actual disturbance area with the design boundary; stockpile height risk assessment rules are used to compare the actual maximum stockpile height with the design maximum stockpile height; capacity risk assessment rules are used to compare the actual earthwork volume with the design capacity; rate of change assessment rules are used to evaluate the growth rate of the disturbance area, stockpile height, and earthwork volume; and protective measures risk assessment rules are used to evaluate the implementation status of spoil containment measures, drainage measures, and slope protection measures.

[0264] If the actual disturbance range of the target spoil disposal site exceeds the design boundary, the actual maximum stockpile height reaches or exceeds the design maximum stockpile height, the actual earthwork volume reaches or exceeds the design capacity, or the necessary protective measures are not implemented or are in an abnormal state, the risk level of the target spoil disposal site will be determined as high risk.

[0265] If the actual maximum stockpile height or actual earthwork volume does not reach the design limit, but the ratio between the actual value and the design limit reaches the preset concern ratio, or at least one protective measure is in effect, the risk level of the target spoil disposal site is determined to be medium risk. If the actual disturbance area is within the design boundary, the actual maximum stockpile height and actual earthwork volume are lower than the values ​​corresponding to the preset concern ratio, and all protective measures are completed and in normal condition, the risk level of the target spoil disposal site is determined to be low risk.

[0266] The risk level of a spoil heap can also be determined using a weighted scoring method. When using this method, risk scores are determined based on the following factors: the proportion exceeding the actual disturbance limit, the ratio of the actual stockpile height to the maximum designed stockpile height, the ratio of the actual earthwork volume to the designed capacity, the rate of change of earthwork volume, and the implementation status of protective measures. These scores are then weighted and summed according to preset weights to obtain a comprehensive risk score for the spoil heap. Based on the relationship between the comprehensive risk score and the risk level threshold, the spoil heap is classified as low-risk, medium-risk, or high-risk.

[0267] Step S805: If the risk level meets the preset early warning conditions, determine that the soil and water conservation risk information includes the soil erosion risk information corresponding to the spoil disposal site.

[0268] Here, the preset early warning conditions include a high risk level, or a medium risk level where the measured data shows that the risk indicator has been continuously increasing over multiple monitoring periods. When the risk level meets the preset early warning conditions, soil erosion risk information corresponding to the target spoil disposal site is generated.

[0269] Soil and water loss risk information includes the target spoil disposal site identification, spatial location information, risk level, actual disturbance area, maximum stockpiling height, earthwork volume, rate of change, exceedance of design boundaries, implementation status of protective measures, risk triggering items, evaluation time, and evidence data identifiers. Evidence data identifiers are used to point to the target's 3D model data, target 2D imagery, target on-site video data, and parameter reporting data.

[0270] Based on the construction section and management relationship corresponding to the target spoil disposal site, early warning information is sent to the user terminals of the construction unit, the supervision unit, and the construction unit. Target users can view the two-dimensional images, three-dimensional model data, and on-site video data of the target spoil disposal site through their target user terminals, and conduct on-site verification and risk management based on soil erosion risk information.

[0271] After new 3D model data, on-site video data, or parameter reporting data are written in, the disturbance area, stockpile height, and earthwork volume of the target spoil heap are remeasured, and the change measurement data and risk level are updated. When the risk level no longer meets the preset warning conditions, the risk status of the target spoil heap is updated, and records of risk assessment, warning notification, and risk handling are retained.

[0272] In an optional implementation, account management data and responsibility relationship data are pre-established. Account management data records the unit type, management project scope, information management permissions, and user terminal identifier corresponding to each user account. Construction units, monitoring units, supervision units, construction units, and administrators log in using their respective user accounts. Different user accounts have one or more information management permissions, including viewing, uploading, editing, and managing. Responsibility relationship data records the correspondence between the target railway project, construction section, disturbance area, participating units, and user accounts. Responsibility relationship data can be generated based on the construction contract, section division results, and the management scope of each participating unit, and can also be updated when participating units or management scopes change.

[0273] Reference Figure 2 The method further includes the following steps S901-S906.

[0274] Step S901: Receive problem information corresponding to the disturbed area submitted by the monitoring unit's user terminal, and establish a correspondence between the problem information and the associated monitoring data; wherein, the problem information includes a problem description and an image before rectification.

[0275] Here, monitoring unit users select the target railway project and the disturbed area through their monitoring unit user terminals, fill in a problem description, and upload images before rectification. The problem description records the problem type, location, discovery time, soil erosion characteristics, and whether soil and water conservation measures are lacking or inadequately implemented. Problem information may also include the problem level, submission time, location coordinates, rectification suggestions, and the deadline for rectification. Images before rectification are taken or acquired by the monitoring unit user before the problem is addressed; these images reflect the on-site condition of the disturbed area before rectification.

[0276] Upon receiving the issue information, the system verifies the user account's permissions and checks the completeness of the issue description, pre-rectification image, and disturbance area identifier. If the user account lacks issue submission permissions or required fields are missing, a submission failure message and requested supplementary information are returned to the monitoring unit's user terminal. If both permission and completeness checks pass, an issue identifier is assigned to the issue information, and the corresponding processing status is set to "pending dispatch."

[0277] When the problem information includes a disturbance area identifier, the associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbance area is retrieved based on the identifier. When the problem information does not include a disturbance area identifier but includes location coordinates, the location coordinates are converted to the unified coordinate system used by the target railway project, and spatial matching is performed between the location coordinates and the spatial location information of each disturbance area. The disturbance area covering the location coordinates is identified as the disturbance area corresponding to the problem information. When multiple disturbance areas are obtained through spatial matching, the disturbance area corresponding to the problem information is determined based on the distance between the location coordinates and the center of each disturbance area, the difference between the problem discovery time and the monitoring data collection time, and the facility name in the problem description.

[0278] A correspondence is established based on the problem identifier, the disturbed area identifier, and the data identifiers of the associated monitoring data. The associated monitoring data includes at least one of the following: target remote sensing imagery corresponding to the disturbed area, target panoramic data, target 2D imagery, target 3D model data, and target on-site video data. After establishing the correspondence, the monitoring unit, construction unit, and supervision unit can view the on-site status before and after the problem occurred, as well as the changes in the disturbed area during different monitoring periods, according to their respective information management permissions.

[0279] Step S902: Send a rectification task, including problem information, to the user terminal of the construction unit responsible for the disturbed area.

[0280] Here, the responsibility relationship data is queried based on the spatial location information of the disturbed area to determine the construction section corresponding to the disturbed area and the construction unit responsible for the construction section. The user account and user terminal identifier corresponding to the construction unit are then determined from the account management data. When multiple construction units correspond to a disturbed area, the construction unit responsible for rectification is determined based on the pre-set facility ownership relationships and responsibility priorities in the responsibility relationship data. If a unique construction unit cannot be determined, the problem information is sent to the construction unit's user terminal, which then designates the construction unit responsible for rectification.

[0281] A rectification task is generated based on the problem information. The rectification task includes a problem identifier, problem description, pre-rectification image, spatial location information of the disturbed area, rectification requirements, and rectification deadline. The rectification task may also include data identifiers for associated monitoring data, problem level, and rectification acceptance criteria. After the rectification task is generated, the processing status corresponding to the problem information is updated to "pending rectification," and the rectification task is sent according to the construction unit's user terminal identifier. Rectification tasks can be sent via in-system messaging or via mobile terminal push notifications.

[0282] After receiving the rectification task, the construction unit's user terminal returns task acceptance information. If the task acceptance information is not received within the preset acceptance time limit, the rectification task is resent at preset time intervals, and the time and result of each resentment are recorded. If the rectification task is not completed within the rectification period, an overdue reminder message is generated and sent to both the construction unit's user terminal and the developer's user terminal.

[0283] Step S903: Receive rectification information uploaded by the construction unit's user terminal for the rectification task; wherein, the rectification information includes a rectification description and a post-rectification image.

[0284] Here, after the construction unit's user terminal acknowledges the rectification task, it updates the corresponding processing status to "rectifying". The construction unit user then addresses the on-site issues according to the problem description and rectification requirements, and fills in the rectification description and uploads post-rectification images through the user terminal. The rectification description records the rectification measures taken, the scope of rectification, the completion time, and the on-site processing results. The post-rectification images reflect the on-site status after rectification. Rectification information may also include the person in charge of rectification, rectification investment, engineering quantity records, and soil and water conservation measure acceptance records.

[0285] Upon receiving rectification information, the system establishes a correspondence between the rectification information and the problem information based on the problem identifier carried in the rectification task, and performs integrity verification on the rectification description and the rectified image. If the rectified image includes a capture time and location coordinates, the location coordinates of the rectified image are matched with the spatial location information of the disturbed area, and the capture time of the rectified image is compared with the creation time of the rectification task to determine whether the rectified image corresponds to the current rectification task. If the integrity verification or spatial matching fails, a prompt for supplementary rectification information is returned to the construction unit's user terminal. If both the integrity verification and spatial matching pass, the processing status of the rectification task is updated to "pending review."

[0286] Step S904: Send the rectification information to the user terminal of the supervision unit responsible for the disturbed area, and receive the review information from the user terminal of the supervision unit regarding the rectification information.

[0287] Here, the responsible supervision unit for the construction section is determined based on the construction section and responsibility relationship data corresponding to the disturbed area, and the user terminal corresponding to the supervision unit is determined based on the account management data. Problem information, rectification information, and associated monitoring data that establish a corresponding relationship with the problem information are sent to the supervision unit's user terminal.

[0288] Supervision unit users can view problem descriptions, pre-rectification images, rectification descriptions, post-rectification images, and related monitoring data through their user terminals, and conduct reviews according to rectification requirements and soil and water conservation management standards. Supervision unit users can determine whether on-site problems have been addressed by comparing pre-rectification and post-rectification images, and verify the rectification scope and results by combining target remote sensing imagery, target panoramic data, target 2D imagery, target 3D model data, or target on-site video data. When on-site images are insufficient for review, supervision unit users conduct on-site inspections of the disturbed area and record the inspection results into their user terminals.

[0289] The review information includes the review results and review comments. Review information may also include the review account identifier, review time, review images, and incomplete rectification items. The review results include "rectification passed" and "rectification failed." Upon receiving the review information, a correspondence is established between the review information, the problem information, and the rectification information based on the problem identifier.

[0290] Step S905: If the review information indicates that the rectification has not passed, a new rectification task including the review information is sent to the construction unit's user terminal so that the construction unit's user terminal can update the rectification information and resubmit it to the supervision unit's user terminal for review.

[0291] Here, when the review result indicates that the rectification has failed, the unresolved rectification items, re-rectification requirements, and re-rectification deadlines are determined based on the review comments. A re-rectification task is then generated based on the issue identifier. The re-rectification task uses the same issue identifier as the original rectification task, and a new rectification sequence identifier is configured for the re-rectification task to distinguish between different rounds of rectification processes. The processing status corresponding to the issue information is updated to the re-rectification status, and the re-rectification task is sent to the construction unit's user terminal.

[0292] The construction unit user continues to address on-site issues based on the re-rectification task, updating the rectification description, post-rectification images, and rectification completion time through the construction unit user terminal. Upon receiving the updated rectification information, the previous round of rectification information is retained, and the updated rectification information is resent to the supervision unit user terminal for review. Each round of rectification information and review information is stored separately according to the rectification sequence identifier, thus preserving all data versions throughout the problem-solving process.

[0293] If the re-verification result still indicates that the rectification has failed, the process of generating a new rectification task, updating rectification information, and providing feedback on the re-verification information will be repeated. When the number of rectification attempts reaches the preset limit or the rectification task exceeds the preset time limit, escalation processing information will be generated and sent to the construction unit's user terminal so that the construction unit user can monitor the problem handling process.

[0294] Step S906: If the review information indicates that the rectification has been passed, update the processing status corresponding to the problem information to the rectification closed-loop status, and store the problem information, rectification information and review information together.

[0295] Here, when the review result indicates rectification has passed, the processing status corresponding to the problem information is updated from pending review to rectification closed-loop status based on the problem identifier, and the closure time and the user account of the supervision unit that completed the review are recorded. The problem identifier is used as a correlation field to link and store problem information, rectification information from each round, and review information from each round. Problem descriptions, rectification descriptions, review opinions, and status change records are stored in the problem management data table. Images before rectification, images after rectification, and review images are stored in the image data storage space. The problem management data table records the data identifier and storage address corresponding to each image.

[0296] The associated storage data also includes rectification task sending records, task receipt records, processing status change records, and user operation records. Each record includes a corresponding problem identifier, operation account identifier, operation type, and operation time, thus forming a data chain that can trace the entire process of problem discovery, task assignment, construction rectification, supervision review, and rectification closure.

[0297] Once a problem enters the rectification closed-loop status, a closed-loop notification is sent to the user terminals of the monitoring unit, construction unit, and development unit, and the closed-loop result is written into the soil and water conservation problem management record of the target railway project. The rectification time is calculated based on the problem creation time and closed-loop time. The number of problems, rectification completion rate, and average rectification time are then statistically analyzed according to construction section, problem type, problem level, and responsible unit. These statistical results are used for the soil and water conservation management display and risk analysis of the target railway project.

[0298] Based on this, on-site issues can be transferred among monitoring units, construction units, supervision units, and construction units according to the pre-set responsibility relationships, and on-site data before and after rectification can be managed in a unified manner with related monitoring data, thereby realizing the whole process of water and soil conservation issues being recorded, verified, and handled in a closed loop.

[0299] In one specific embodiment, the information management method for soil and water conservation is applied to a newly constructed railway project. The target railway project is 126 kilometers long and divided into three construction sections. Construction access roads, construction camps, and spoil heaps are set up along the railway line. After the project starts, soil and water conservation design schemes, construction drawings, construction section boundaries, and temporary facility design data are imported to generate design disturbance vector data, soil erosion prevention responsibility area vector data, key control area vector data, and design engineering information. The design engineering information records the design land area, design stockpile height, and design capacity of each spoil heap.

[0300] Remote sensing images covering the target railway project were acquired in April and October of that year. After coordinate transformation, orthorectification, and spatial registration of the images from the two monitoring periods, the texture details of land use types at the same geographical location were compared. Two land parcels that changed from shrubland to bare construction land were detected within the second construction section, designated as the first disturbance parcel and the second disturbance parcel, respectively. The first disturbance parcel corresponds to the area where the newly added construction access road is located, with an area of ​​4800 m². 2 The second disturbance patch corresponds to the area where the target spoil disposal site is located, with an area of ​​14,100 m². 2 The corresponding disturbance region is generated based on the boundary coordinates of the two disturbance patches, and the boundary range and center coordinates of the disturbance patches are used as spatial location information.

[0301] The second construction section conducted drone aerial photography in July and October. Panoramic data was collected for the area containing the first disturbance patch, and aerial data was collected for the area containing the second disturbance patch. Two-dimensional images and three-dimensional model data were then generated from the aerial data. Video surveillance equipment was also deployed at the target spoil heap, continuously collecting on-site video data of the spoil heap entrance, spoil slope, and drainage facilities.

[0302] Spatial matching was performed between the spatial location information of the two disturbed areas and the spatial coverage information of remote sensing imagery, panoramic data, 2D imagery, 3D model data, and on-site video data. When the overlap area between the spatial coverage information and the disturbed area reached a preset matching ratio, the corresponding data was identified as target monitoring data. After spatial matching, the target remote sensing imagery from the two monitoring periods and the target panoramic data collected in July were correlated with the first disturbed patch; the target remote sensing imagery from the two monitoring periods, the target 2D imagery and target 3D model data collected in July and October, and the target on-site video data were correlated with the second disturbed patch.

[0303] For the first disturbed patch, the boundary of the construction bare land was extracted from the associated monitoring data and vectorized to obtain an area of ​​4800m². 2 The actual construction disturbance vector data. The actual construction disturbance vector data is compared with the data for an area of ​​3900m². 2 The disturbance vector data of the design and construction access road were spatially superimposed to obtain a 900m... 2 The newly added disturbance range. The newly added disturbance range includes 620m. 2 It exceeds the scope of responsibility for soil and water conservation, and has a length of 260m. 2The actual construction access road's centerline is offset 18 meters outward from the designed centerline, overlapping with key control areas. Therefore, the discrepancy information corresponding to the first disturbance patch meets the preset change conditions. The soil and water conservation risk information includes project compliance risks arising from changes in the construction access road layout, exceeding the scope of prevention and control responsibilities, and overlap with key control areas.

[0304] Based on the panoramic data corresponding to the first disturbed patch, it was determined that there were instances where slope excavation, roadbed filling, and drainage measures were incomplete within the first disturbed patch. Preset disturbance risk assessment rules assigned risk scores to the implementation status of earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, and soil and water conservation measures. In this embodiment, earthwork excavation corresponds to 35 points, earthwork filling to 20 points, and incomplete drainage measures to 35 points, resulting in a disturbance risk score of 90 points for the first disturbed patch. The preset disturbance risk assessment rules classify scores below 40 as low risk, scores between 40 and 69 as medium risk, and scores above 70 as high risk. Therefore, the first disturbed patch was identified as a high-risk disturbed patch. The soil and water conservation risk information also includes the soil erosion risk information corresponding to the first disturbed patch.

[0305] For the second disturbance patch, 3D model data of the target spoil heap in July and October were obtained from the associated monitoring data. The disturbance area corresponding to the 3D model data in July was 12400 m². 2 The stacking height is 18.2 meters, and the volume of earth and rock is 185,000 cubic meters. 3 The disturbance area corresponding to the October 3D model data is 14100m². 2 The stacking height is 22.6 meters, and the volume of earth and rock is 226,000 cubic meters. 3 This results in an increase of 1700 m² in the disturbance area of ​​the target spoil disposal site. 2 The stacking height increased by 4.4 meters, and the volume of earth and rock increased by 41,000 cubic meters. 3 .

[0306] The parameter data reported for the target spoil disposal site shows that the designed area is 13,000 m². 2 The designed stacking height is 20 meters and the designed capacity is 210,000 m³. 3 The spoil containment facilities are complete, but the drainage facilities are not yet fully completed. The disturbance area, stockpile height, and earthwork volume in October all exceeded the corresponding design values, and on-site video data also showed that some drainage ditches were clogged. According to the pre-set risk assessment rules for spoil disposal sites, the target spoil disposal site, which simultaneously exhibits excessive stockpile height, excessive capacity, and abnormal drainage facilities, is classified as high-risk. Therefore, the soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the second disturbance patch includes the soil erosion risk information corresponding to the target spoil disposal site.

[0307] Based on the construction sections where the two disturbance areas are located, account management data, and the management project scope of each participating unit, the user terminals of the construction unit, supervision unit, and developer corresponding to the second construction section are determined. Early warning information is sent to the corresponding user terminals. The early warning information for the first disturbance patch includes the location of the construction access road, the area exceeding the scope of prevention and control responsibility, the area overlapping with the key control area, the disturbance risk level, and a panoramic data identifier; the early warning information for the second disturbance patch includes the location of the target spoil disposal site, various change measurement data, items exceeding design values, the risk level, and on-site video data identifiers.

[0308] After receiving the early warning information for the target spoil disposal site, the monitoring unit user submits the problem information through the monitoring unit user terminal. The problem description is that the target spoil disposal site's stockpile height exceeds the design value, the drainage ditch is silted up, and some slopes are not temporarily covered. The images before rectification include images of silted drainage ditches and uncovered slopes. Based on the patch identifier of the second disturbance patch, a correspondence is established between the problem information and the target remote sensing image, target 2D image, target 3D model data, and target on-site video data corresponding to the target spoil disposal site.

[0309] Based on the construction section where the second disturbance patch is located, the construction unit responsible for rectification is determined, and the rectification task is sent to the construction unit's user terminal. After receiving the rectification task, the construction unit will transfer some of the waste to the designated backup storage area within the design scope, level and classify the waste slope, clean the drainage ditch, and implement temporary covering. The construction unit's user terminal will upload a rectification description and post-rectification images, recording the waste transfer volume, drainage ditch cleaning length, slope coverage area, and rectification completion time.

[0310] The rectification information was sent to the user terminal of the supervision unit responsible for the second construction section. The supervision unit user reviewed the images before and after rectification, on-site video data, and 3D model data. The initial review found that there was still approximately 600m of debris north of the target spoil heap. 2 The slope was not temporarily covered, therefore the rectification was deemed unsuccessful upon review. A re-rectification task was generated based on the review information and sent to the construction unit's user terminal.

[0311] After completing the remaining slope covering, the construction unit re-uploaded the rectification information. When the supervision unit reviewed the data again, they confirmed that the drainage ditch had been cleared and the slope covering was complete. Newly acquired 3D model data showed that the target spoil heap height had been reduced to 19.6 meters, and the earthwork volume had been reduced to 205,000 cubic meters. 3 The review result was that the rectification was passed. The processing status corresponding to the problem information was updated to the rectification closed-loop status, and the problem information, two rounds of rectification information, two rounds of review information, and the corresponding associated monitoring data were stored together with the same problem identifier.

[0312] This embodiment completes continuous processing from disturbance identification, multi-source data spatial correlation, project benchmark comparison, risk analysis, targeted early warning to problem rectification closed loop through two different types of disturbance areas. This enables changes in construction access roads and risks of spoil disposal sites to be located to specific disturbance areas, and retains complete data records of each participating unit in the problem handling process.

[0313] Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide an information management system for soil and water conservation, referring to... Figure 3 The soil and water conservation information management system provided in this application includes: Data acquisition module 1 is used to acquire the project baseline data and multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data of the target railway project; wherein, the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data is collected by different types of sensing devices, and each multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data has corresponding spatial coverage information.

[0314] The disturbance area determination module 2 is used to determine at least one disturbance area in the target railway project based on multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, and to determine the spatial location information of the disturbance area.

[0315] The data association module 3 is used to spatially match spatial location information with spatial coverage information to associate multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbed area, thereby obtaining associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0316] Risk analysis module 4 is used to conduct soil and water conservation risk analysis for each disturbed area based on project baseline data and related monitoring data, and obtain soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0317] The early warning module 5 is used to send early warning information, including soil and water conservation risk information, to the target user terminal corresponding to the disturbed area when the soil and water conservation risk information indicates that there is a risk in the disturbed area.

[0318] In optional implementations, the sensing devices include remote sensing satellites, drones, and video surveillance equipment. Data acquisition module 1 is further configured to: Remote sensing images of the target railway project were acquired using remote sensing satellites at different monitoring periods.

[0319] The system uses drones to acquire panoramic data of key areas in the target railway project and aerial data of spoil disposal sites, and generates two-dimensional images and three-dimensional model data based on the aerial data.

[0320] Video surveillance equipment was used to obtain on-site video data of spoil disposal sites in the target railway project that had pre-existing hidden dangers.

[0321] At least one of the following should be identified as multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data: remote sensing imagery, panoramic data, two-dimensional imagery, three-dimensional model data, and on-site video data.

[0322] In an optional implementation, the disturbance region determination module 2 is further configured to: Extract remote sensing images of the target railway project from multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data for at least two monitoring periods.

[0323] Based on remote sensing images corresponding to different monitoring periods, the changes in texture details of land use types corresponding to the same geographical location were determined.

[0324] Based on the changes in texture details of land use types, disturbed patches formed by the production and construction activities of the target railway project are identified.

[0325] The area corresponding to the disturbed patch is defined as the disturbed region.

[0326] In an optional implementation, the data association module 3 is further configured to: Spatial location information is matched with each spatial coverage information to determine the target remote sensing image and target monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area; wherein, the target monitoring data is at least one of the target panoramic data, target two-dimensional image, target three-dimensional model data and target on-site video data.

[0327] Establish the correlation between the disturbed area, the target remote sensing image, and the target monitoring data to obtain the associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0328] In an optional implementation, the project baseline data includes design disturbance vector data determined based on the soil and water conservation design scheme for the target railway project. Risk analysis module 4 is also used for: Based on the associated monitoring data, the actual construction disturbance vector data corresponding to the disturbed area is determined.

[0329] Spatial overlay analysis and statistical analysis are performed on the design disturbance vector data and the actual construction disturbance vector data to obtain the difference information corresponding to the disturbance area; among which, the difference information is used to characterize the difference between the actual construction disturbance vector data and the design disturbance vector data.

[0330] If the discrepancy information meets the preset change conditions, the water and soil conservation risk information is determined to include project compliance risk information.

[0331] In optional implementations, the project baseline data also includes vector data of the responsibility area for soil and water conservation, vector data of key control areas, and design engineering information. Risk analysis module 4 is also used for: The actual construction disturbance vector data is spatially overlaid with the soil and water conservation responsibility area vector data and the key control area vector data to determine the information on the overlap between the prevention and control responsibility area and the key control area corresponding to the disturbance area.

[0332] By comparing the actual construction disturbance vector data with the design disturbance vector data, the engineering layout change information corresponding to the disturbance area is determined.

[0333] Based on the associated monitoring data, the actual engineering information is determined, and the actual engineering information is compared with the design engineering information to determine the engineering form change information and engineering quantity change information corresponding to the disturbed area.

[0334] Based on information such as the scope of prevention and control responsibilities exceeding the limit, overlapping key control areas, changes in engineering layout, changes in engineering form, and changes in engineering quantity, differential information is generated by combining these information.

[0335] In an optional implementation, risk analysis module 4 is further configured to: Based on the associated monitoring data, information on earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, and implementation of soil and water conservation measures within the disturbed area was determined.

[0336] Based on project baseline data, earthwork excavation information, earthwork filling information, and soil and water conservation measures implementation information, the disturbance risk level corresponding to the disturbed area is determined according to the preset disturbance risk assessment rules.

[0337] When the disturbance risk level is high, the disturbance patches corresponding to the disturbed area are identified as high-risk disturbance patches, and the soil and water conservation risk information includes the soil erosion risk information corresponding to the high-risk disturbance patches.

[0338] In an optional implementation, when the disturbance area is the area where the target spoil disposal site is located, the risk analysis module 4 is further used for: The three-dimensional model data of the spoil disposal site at different monitoring periods were obtained from the associated monitoring data.

[0339] Based on the three-dimensional model data corresponding to different monitoring periods, the disturbance area, stacking height and earthwork volume of the spoil disposal site were measured.

[0340] By comparing the disturbance area, stockpile height, and earthwork volume corresponding to different monitoring periods, the change measurement data corresponding to the spoil disposal site are obtained.

[0341] Obtain the parameter reporting data corresponding to the waste disposal site, and determine the risk level of the waste disposal site according to the preset risk assessment rules based on the project baseline data, change measurement data and parameter reporting data.

[0342] When the risk level meets the preset early warning conditions, the water and soil conservation risk information is determined to include the water and soil loss risk information corresponding to the spoil disposal site.

[0343] In an optional implementation, the soil and water conservation information management system provided in this application embodiment further includes a review module. The review module is used for: It receives problem information corresponding to the disturbed area submitted by the monitoring unit's user terminal and establishes a correspondence between the problem information and the associated monitoring data; the problem information includes a problem description and an image before rectification.

[0344] Send rectification tasks, including problem information, to the user terminals of the construction units responsible for the disturbed area.

[0345] Receive rectification information uploaded by the construction unit's user terminal for the rectification task; the rectification information includes a rectification description and images after rectification.

[0346] The rectification information is sent to the user terminal of the supervision unit responsible for the disturbed area, and the supervision unit's user terminal is received to verify the rectification information.

[0347] If the review information indicates that the rectification has not passed, a new rectification task including the review information is sent to the construction unit's user terminal so that the construction unit's user terminal can update the rectification information and resubmit it to the supervision unit's user terminal for review.

[0348] If the review information indicates that the rectification has been passed, the processing status corresponding to the problem information will be updated to the rectification closed-loop status, and the problem information, rectification information, and review information will be stored together.

[0349] The soil and water conservation information management system provided in this application embodiment acquires project baseline data and multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data through a data acquisition module, identifies disturbed areas through a disturbed area determination module, spatially correlates multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbed area using a data association module, performs risk analysis by a risk analysis module in conjunction with project baseline data, and sends early warning information to the corresponding target user terminals by an early warning module. This enables centralized management of monitoring data and precise risk control of specific disturbed areas, thereby improving the accuracy of soil and water conservation risk identification and the timeliness of early warning, and ultimately reducing the probability of soil erosion risk in railway projects.

[0350] The computer program product provided in this application includes a computer-readable storage medium storing program code. The instructions included in the program code can be used to execute the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. For specific implementation details, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0351] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system and apparatus described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0352] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0353] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0354] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0355] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of this application, used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. The scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application. Such modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for information-based management of soil and water conservation, characterized in that, include: Acquire project baseline data and multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data for the target railway project; wherein the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data is collected by different types of sensing devices, and each of the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data has corresponding spatial coverage information; Based on the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, at least one disturbance area in the target railway project is identified, and the spatial location information of the disturbance area is determined. Spatial matching is performed between the spatial location information and the spatial coverage information to associate the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbance area, thereby obtaining the associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbance area. Based on the project baseline data and the associated monitoring data, a soil and water conservation risk analysis is performed on each of the disturbed areas to obtain the soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed areas; When the soil and water conservation risk information indicates that there is a risk in the disturbed area, an early warning message including the soil and water conservation risk information is sent to the target user terminal corresponding to the disturbed area.

2. The information management method for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing devices include remote sensing satellites, drones, and video surveillance equipment; Acquire multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, including: The remote sensing satellite was used to acquire remote sensing images of the target railway project at different monitoring periods. The drone acquires panoramic data of key areas in the target railway project and aerial data of spoil disposal sites, and generates two-dimensional images and three-dimensional model data based on the aerial data. The video surveillance equipment is used to acquire on-site video data of spoil disposal sites in the target railway project that have pre-existing hidden dangers. At least one of the remote sensing images, the panoramic data, the two-dimensional images, the three-dimensional model data, and the on-site video data is identified as the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data.

3. The information management method for soil and water conservation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of at least one disturbed area in the target railway project based on the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data includes: Extract the remote sensing images of the target railway project for at least two monitoring periods from the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data; Based on the remote sensing images corresponding to different monitoring periods, determine the changes in land use type texture details corresponding to the same geographical location; Based on the detailed changes in the texture of the land use type, identify the disturbed patches formed by the production and construction activities of the target railway project; The region corresponding to the disturbed patch is defined as the disturbed region.

4. The information management method for soil and water conservation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of spatially matching the spatial location information with the spatial coverage information to associate the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbed area, thereby obtaining the associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area, includes: The spatial location information is matched with each of the spatial coverage information to determine the target remote sensing image and target monitoring data corresponding to the disturbance area; wherein, the target monitoring data is at least one of target panoramic data, target two-dimensional image, target three-dimensional model data and target on-site video data; Establish the correlation between the disturbed area, the target remote sensing image, and the target monitoring data to obtain the associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbed area.

5. The information management method for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The project baseline data includes design disturbance vector data determined based on the soil and water conservation design scheme of the target railway project; Based on the project baseline data and the associated monitoring data, a soil and water conservation risk analysis is performed on each disturbed area to obtain soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed area, including: Based on the associated monitoring data, the actual construction disturbance vector data corresponding to the disturbance area is determined; Spatial overlay analysis and statistical analysis are performed on the design disturbance vector data and the actual construction disturbance vector data to obtain the difference information corresponding to the disturbance area; wherein, the difference information is used to characterize the difference between the actual construction disturbance vector data and the design disturbance vector data; If the discrepancy information meets the preset change conditions, the water and soil conservation risk information is determined to include project compliance risk information.

6. The information management method for soil and water conservation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The project's baseline data also includes vector data of the responsibility scope for soil and water conservation, vector data of key control areas, and design engineering information; The spatial overlay analysis and statistical analysis of the design disturbance vector data and the actual construction disturbance vector data are performed to obtain the difference information corresponding to the disturbance area, including: The actual construction disturbance vector data is spatially superimposed with the soil and water conservation responsibility area vector data and the key control area vector data to determine the information on the excess of the prevention and control responsibility area and the overlap of the key control area corresponding to the disturbance area. The actual construction disturbance vector data is compared with the design disturbance vector data to determine the engineering layout change information corresponding to the disturbance area; Based on the associated monitoring data, actual engineering information is determined, and the actual engineering information is compared with the design engineering information to determine the engineering form change information and engineering quantity change information corresponding to the disturbance area; The difference information is generated by combining the information on the scope of prevention and control responsibilities exceeding the scope, the information on the overlap of key control areas, the information on changes in engineering layout, the information on changes in engineering form, and the information on changes in engineering quantity.

7. The information management method for soil and water conservation according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the project baseline data and the associated monitoring data, a soil and water conservation risk analysis is performed on each disturbed area to obtain soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed area, including: Based on the associated monitoring data, information on earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, and implementation of soil and water conservation measures within the disturbed area is determined. Based on the project baseline data, the earthwork excavation information, the earthwork filling information, and the soil and water conservation measures implementation information, the disturbance risk level corresponding to the disturbance area is determined according to the preset disturbance risk assessment rules; When the disturbance risk level is high, the disturbance patch corresponding to the disturbance area is identified as a high-risk disturbance patch, and the soil and water conservation risk information is determined to include the soil erosion risk information corresponding to the high-risk disturbance patch.

8. The information management method for soil and water conservation according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the disturbed area is the location of the target spoil disposal site, the water and soil conservation risk analysis is performed on each disturbed area based on the project baseline data and the associated monitoring data to obtain the water and soil conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed area, including: Obtain the three-dimensional model data of the spoil disposal site corresponding to different monitoring periods from the associated monitoring data; Based on the three-dimensional model data corresponding to different monitoring periods, the disturbance area, stockpile height, and earthwork volume of the spoil disposal site were measured. By comparing the disturbance area, the stockpile height and the earthwork volume corresponding to different monitoring periods, the change measurement data corresponding to the spoil disposal site are obtained. Obtain the parameter reporting data corresponding to the waste disposal site, and determine the risk level corresponding to the waste disposal site according to the preset waste disposal site risk assessment rules based on the project baseline data, the change measurement data and the parameter reporting data; If the risk level meets the preset early warning conditions, the water and soil conservation risk information is determined to include the water and soil loss risk information corresponding to the spoil disposal site.

9. The information management method for soil and water conservation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The system receives problem information corresponding to the disturbed area submitted by the monitoring unit's user terminal and establishes a correspondence between the problem information and the associated monitoring data; wherein, the problem information includes a problem description and an image before rectification; Send a rectification task, including information about the problem, to the user terminal of the construction unit responsible for the disturbed area; The system receives rectification information uploaded by the construction unit's user terminal for the rectification task; wherein the rectification information includes a rectification description and a post-rectification image. The rectification information is sent to the user terminal of the supervision unit responsible for the disturbed area, and the supervision unit user terminal receives the verification information fed back by the rectification information. If the review information indicates that the rectification has not passed, a new rectification task including the review information is sent to the construction unit's user terminal, so that the construction unit's user terminal can update the rectification information and resubmit it to the supervision unit's user terminal for review. If the review information indicates that the rectification has been passed, the processing status corresponding to the problem information is updated to the rectification closed-loop status, and the problem information, the rectification information, and the review information are stored together.

10. An information management system for soil and water conservation, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the project baseline data and multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data of the target railway project; wherein, the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data is collected by different types of sensing devices, and each of the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data has corresponding spatial coverage information; The disturbance area determination module is used to determine at least one disturbance area in the target railway project based on the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data, and to determine the spatial location information of the disturbance area; The data association module is used to spatially match the spatial location information with the spatial coverage information to associate the multi-source soil and water conservation monitoring data corresponding to the same disturbance area, so as to obtain the associated monitoring data corresponding to the disturbance area. The risk analysis module is used to perform soil and water conservation risk analysis on each of the disturbed areas based on the project baseline data and the associated monitoring data, and to obtain the soil and water conservation risk information corresponding to the disturbed areas. The early warning module is used to send early warning information, including the soil and water conservation risk information, to the target user terminal corresponding to the disturbed area when the soil and water conservation risk information indicates that there is a risk in the disturbed area.

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