Three-dimensional detection phantom design and manufacturing method for human tissue morphology evaluation such as respiration or bone

Abstract

This invention discloses a parametric construction method for three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms used for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment, as well as the phantom, system, platform, and storage medium thereof. The invention achieves precise programmable construction of the internal spatial texture features and attenuation characteristics of the phantom through independent quantization of structural and grayscale parameters, a three-dimensional connected network formed by superimposed three-way orthogonal channels, and graded controlled random perturbations. Simultaneously, by combining pre-screening with geometric manufacturability rules and full-process traceability with unique pattern identifiers, the batch consistency, repeatability, and traceability of the phantom as a standardized testing object are improved. This effectively verifies the sensitivity, stability, and robustness of respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment methods under different complexities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical image processing technology, specifically relating to a method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional bionic phantom for morphological assessment of respiratory or skeletal tissues, as well as the phantom, system, platform, and storage medium thereof. Background Technology

[0002] In quantitative analysis of medical images, the spatial texture features of internal structures in tissues such as lung parenchyma and cancellous bone are closely related to disease assessment, morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues, and quantitative follow-up. For example, cancellous bone has a trabecular or porous three-dimensional network structure, while lung tissue has a spatial texture formed by the interweaving of low-attenuation regions and supporting structures. Quantitative analysis of these tissues based on three-dimensional CT images can improve the objectivity, consistency, and reproducibility of evaluation results.

[0003] However, existing CT phantoms are mostly used for CT value calibration, noise testing, spatial resolution testing, and routine image quality assessment. Their structures are usually homogeneous material blocks, layered modules, line pairs, or fixed inserts, making them difficult to use as standard detection objects for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology evaluation algorithms.

[0004] Existing technologies suffer from several drawbacks. First, they lack the ability to express internal structures, making it difficult to create controllable 3D network textures or porous structures, and thus failing to fully simulate the spatial morphological characteristics of tissues such as cancellous bone and lung parenchyma. Second, structural parameters cannot be systematically adjusted; parameters such as pore size, structural period, cross-sectional shape, orientation, and connectivity are typically fixed, making it impossible to establish a standard response relationship between structural parameters and evaluation results. Third, grayscale grading is difficult to control independently; the difference in CT values ​​between low-attenuation regions and the matrix region is often determined by the material itself, making it difficult to independently set and stably grade grayscale values ​​in structural and matrix regions. Fourth, there is insufficient validation for random heterogeneity; existing regular pore array phantoms cannot simulate local scale variations, local defects, bridging connections, and grayscale fluctuations present in real tissues, failing to effectively verify the stability and robustness of the algorithm under complex heterogeneous structures. Fifth, batch consistency and traceability are insufficient; there is a lack of unified structure-grayscale combination numbering and validity screening rules among different phantoms, making them unsuitable for batch manufacturing, warehousing management, quality control, and cross-device comparison.

[0005] Therefore, in response to the aforementioned technical deficiencies, there is an urgent need to design and develop a parametric construction method for three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for morphological assessment of respiratory or skeletal tissues, as well as the phantom, system, platform, and storage medium thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings and difficulties of the existing technology, the present invention aims to provide a method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological assessment of respiratory or skeletal tissues, as well as the phantom, system, platform, and storage medium thereof, in order to solve the problems of existing CT detection phantoms that are difficult to simulate complex three-dimensional tissue textures, have uncontrollable grayscale contrast, insufficient verification of random heterogeneous structures, and insufficient batch consistency and traceability.

[0007] The first objective of this invention is to provide a parametric construction method for three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment; the second objective of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment; the third objective of this invention is to provide a parametric construction system for three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment; the fourth objective of this invention is to provide a parametric construction platform for three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment; and the fifth objective of this invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0008] The first objective of this invention is achieved as follows: the method comprises the following steps: A set of parameters for generating a phantom is constructed, and a corresponding channel model extending along three orthogonal directions is created based on a preset cross-sectional model; wherein, the set of parameters for generating the phantom includes structural parameters for defining the geometric shape and / or grayscale parameters for defining the attenuation characteristics; The channel model is spatially superimposed to generate a corresponding three-dimensional digital phantom model with a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure; wherein, the three-dimensional digital phantom model is divided into a base region with a first gray value and a structural region with a second gray value; The three-dimensional digital model is screened and inspected, and a solid model is constructed based on the three-dimensional digital model that meets the preset manufacturing constraints; wherein, the screening and inspection process is to exclude parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints; the screening and inspection process is based on at least one of the geometric relationship between structural scale and structural period, minimum wall thickness constraint, minimum channel spacing constraint, or abnormal connected region constraint.

[0009] Furthermore, the structural parameters include at least the structural period and structural scale of the channel network; the grayscale parameters include at least the first grayscale value and the second grayscale value; The preset cross-sectional model is a superelliptical cross-sectional model; wherein, by adjusting the shape index and semi-axis parameters, the shape of the channel cross-section can be continuously changed between a circle, an ellipse and a polygon.

[0010] Furthermore, the method also includes: Based on the established regular channel network, a corresponding random texture phantom model is created by combining controlled random perturbations. The controlled random perturbations include at least one of positional perturbation, scale perturbation, topological perturbation, or grayscale perturbation. The type and intensity of the controlled random perturbations are determined according to a preset random perturbation level to generate phantom models with multiple complexity levels, ranging from regular structures to highly heterogeneous structures.

[0011] Furthermore, the method also includes: Create a unique pattern identifier corresponding to each set of phantom parameters; Based on the pattern identifier, establish the association between the pattern identifier and the phantom parameter set, the three-dimensional digital phantom model, the manufacturing information and quality control data of the physical phantom.

[0012] Furthermore, the process of screening and inspecting the three-dimensional digital phantom model, and constructing a physical phantom model based on the three-dimensional digital phantom model that meets preset manufacturing constraints, further includes: Based on multi-material synchronous additive manufacturing, a first material corresponding to the first gray value and a second material corresponding to the second gray value are integrally molded. Alternatively, a matrix region having the aforementioned three-dimensional interconnected porous structure can be first additively manufactured, and then a second material having the second gray value can be injected into the porous structure.

[0013] The second objective of this invention is achieved as follows: the three-dimensional bionic phantom is prepared using the parametric construction method for the three-dimensional bionic phantom used for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology evaluation.

[0014] Furthermore, the three-dimensional biomimetic model includes a matrix region with a first attenuation characteristic and a structural region with a second attenuation characteristic; wherein the structural region is composed of a channel network that extends along three orthogonal directions and is interconnected with each other, so as to form a three-dimensional interconnected porous structure in the matrix region. The structural parameters and grayscale parameters of the three-dimensional biomimetic phantom are quantized values ​​independently set based on a preset parameter set; wherein, the structural parameters include at least the structural period and structural scale of the channel network; The grayscale parameter includes at least a first grayscale value characterizing the first attenuation characteristic and a second grayscale value characterizing the second attenuation characteristic.

[0015] The third objective of this invention is achieved as follows: the system is used to implement the parametric construction method for three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation, the system comprising: A generation unit is constructed to build a set of parameters for generating a phantom, and based on a preset cross-sectional model, to create a corresponding channel model that extends along three orthogonal directions; wherein, the set of parameters for generating the phantom includes structural parameters for defining the geometric shape and / or grayscale parameters for defining the attenuation characteristics; The processing and generation unit is used to spatially superimpose the channel model and construct a corresponding three-dimensional digital phantom model with a three-dimensional connected pore structure; wherein, the three-dimensional digital phantom model is divided into a base region with a first gray value and a structural region with a second gray value; A screening and construction unit is used to screen and inspect the three-dimensional digital model and construct a solid model based on the three-dimensional digital model that meets the preset manufacturing constraints; wherein, the screening and inspection process is to exclude parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints; the screening and inspection process is based on at least one of the geometric relationship between structural scale and structural period, minimum wall thickness constraint, minimum channel spacing constraint, or abnormal connected region constraint. Furthermore, the structural parameters include at least the structural period and structural scale of the channel network; the grayscale parameters include at least the first grayscale value and the second grayscale value; The preset cross-sectional model is a superelliptical cross-sectional model; wherein, by adjusting the shape index and semi-axis parameters, the shape of the channel cross-section can be continuously changed between a circle, an ellipse and a polygon.

[0016] And / or, the system further includes: A generation unit is created to generate a corresponding random texture phantom model based on the constructed regular channel network and combined with controlled random perturbation. The controlled random perturbation includes at least one of position perturbation, scale perturbation, topological perturbation, or grayscale perturbation. The type and intensity of the controlled random perturbation are determined according to a preset random perturbation level to generate phantom models with multiple complexity levels, ranging from regular structures to highly heterogeneous structures.

[0017] And / or, the system further includes: The first generation module is used to create a unique pattern identifier corresponding to each set of phantom parameters. The first processing module is used to establish a correlation between the pattern identifier and the model parameter set, the three-dimensional digital model, the manufacturing information and quality control data of the physical model, based on the pattern identifier.

[0018] And / or, the filtering building unit further includes: The second processing module is used for integral molding processing of the first material corresponding to the first gray value and the second material corresponding to the second gray value based on multi-material synchronous additive manufacturing. The third processing module is used to first additively manufacture a matrix region having the three-dimensional interconnected porous structure, and then inject a second material having the second gray value into the porous structure.

[0019] The fourth objective of this invention is achieved as follows: it includes a processor, a memory, and a control program for a three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation; wherein, the processor executes the control program for the three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation, the control program is stored in the memory, and the control program implements the method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional bionic phantom for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation.

[0020] The fifth objective of this invention is achieved as follows: the computer-readable storage medium stores a control program for a three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation, and the control program for the three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation implements the method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional bionic phantom for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation.

[0021] This invention constructs a set of parameters for generating a phantom and, based on a preset cross-sectional model, creates corresponding channel models extending along three orthogonal directions. Then, it spatially superimposes these channel models to construct a corresponding 3D digital phantom model with a three-dimensional interconnected porous structure. Next, it filters and checks these 3D digital phantom models, and constructs a solid phantom based on those models that meet preset manufacturing constraints. The filtering and checking process excludes parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints. This filtering and checking process is based on at least one of the following: the geometric relationship between structural scale and structural period, minimum wall thickness constraint, minimum channel spacing constraint, or abnormal connected region constraint. This achieves precise programmable construction and batch-stable manufacturing of the spatial texture and attenuation characteristics of biomimetic tissue phantoms, providing a standardized, traceable, and standardized testing benchmark for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation methods, encompassing both regular and heterogeneous structures.

[0022] In other words, the present invention achieves precise programmable construction of the internal spatial texture features and attenuation characteristics of the phantom by independently quantizing structural parameters and grayscale parameters, forming a three-dimensional connected network by superimposing three-way orthogonal channels, and introducing controlled random perturbations in a graded manner. At the same time, by combining the pre-screening of geometric manufacturability rules and the full-process traceability of unique pattern identifiers, the batch consistency, repeatability and traceability of the phantom as a standardized testing object are improved, and the sensitivity, stability and robustness of respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment methods under different complexities can be effectively verified. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process steps of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom parameterization construction method for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the phantom manufacturing process of a parametric construction method for a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom used for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structural period (T), structural scale (d), and three-directional channel structure of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom parameterization construction method for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the phantom shape design in a parametric construction method for a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom used for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention; wherein, the phantom size is 128*128*128, the period is 16, and the structural scale is 9; (a) is a square hole, (b) is a cylindrical hole, and (c) is an elliptical hole with a major axis of 12. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a quarter section of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for parametric construction of a method for evaluating the morphology of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention; wherein, (a) is a square hole section, (b) is a cylindrical hole section, and (c) is an elliptical hole section; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the perturbation parameters of a random perturbation phantom in a method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological assessment of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention; wherein, (a) is the periodic perturbation parameter. (a) represents the offset of the center position of the structural unit relative to the regular periodic position; (b) represents the scale perturbation parameter. (c) represents the change in the local size of the structural unit relative to the preset structural scale; (d) indicates that some structural units have been deleted or are missing; (d) represents the local bridging probability. (e) indicates a local connection between adjacent structural units; (e) is a schematic diagram of grayscale perturbation and spatial correlation parameters, where , denoted by and representing the grayscale perturbation intensity of the structural region and the matrix region, respectively, and λ represents the spatial correlation length; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of different random perturbation levels of a cylinder in a parametric construction method for three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms used for morphological assessment of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention; wherein, (a) is R0; (b) is R1; (c) is R2; and (d) is R3. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom parameterization construction system for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the parameterized construction platform architecture for a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom used for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium architecture in an embodiment of a parametric construction method for a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To facilitate a clearer understanding of the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0025] This invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific examples, and various details in this specification can also be modified and changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this invention.

[0026] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0027] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Secondly, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0028] Preferably, the parametric construction method for three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to the present invention is applied in one or more terminals or servers. The terminal is a device capable of automatically performing numerical calculations and / or information processing according to pre-set or stored instructions, and its hardware includes, but is not limited to, microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), embedded devices, etc.

[0029] The terminal can be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The terminal can interact with the customer via a keyboard, mouse, remote control, touchpad, or voice control device.

[0030] In this embodiment, the parameterized construction method of the three-dimensional bionic phantom for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment can be applied to a terminal or fixed terminal with display function. The terminal is not limited to personal computers, smartphones, tablets, desktop computers or all-in-one computers with cameras, etc.

[0031] The parametric construction method for three-dimensional bionic phantoms used for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment can also be applied to a hardware environment consisting of a terminal and a server connected to the terminal via a network. The network includes, but is not limited to, a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), or a local area network (LAN). The parametric construction method for three-dimensional bionic phantoms used for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment in this embodiment of the invention can be executed by a server, by a terminal, or by both a server and a terminal.

[0032] For example, for terminals that require parametric construction of three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment, the parametric construction function of the three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment provided by the method of this invention can be directly integrated into the terminal, or a client for implementing the method of this invention can be installed. Alternatively, the method provided by this invention can also run on servers or other devices in the form of a Software Development Kit (SDK), providing an interface for the parametric construction function of three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment in the form of an SDK. Terminals or other devices can then implement the parametric construction function of three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment through the provided interface. The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] like Figures 1-7 As shown, this invention provides a parametric construction method for a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues, the method comprising the following steps: S01. Construct a set of parameters for generating a phantom, and based on a preset cross-sectional model, create a corresponding channel model that extends along three orthogonal directions; wherein, the set of parameters for generating the phantom includes structural parameters for defining the geometric shape and / or grayscale parameters for defining the attenuation characteristics; S02. The channel model is spatially superimposed to generate a corresponding three-dimensional digital phantom model with a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure; wherein, the three-dimensional digital phantom model is divided into a base region with a first gray value and a structural region with a second gray value; S03. Screen and inspect the three-dimensional digital model, and construct a solid model based on the three-dimensional digital model that meets the preset manufacturing constraints; wherein, the screening and inspection process is to exclude parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints; the screening and inspection process is based on at least one of the geometric relationship between structural scale and structural period, minimum wall thickness constraint, minimum channel spacing constraint, or abnormal connected region constraint.

[0034] The structural parameters include at least the structural period and structural scale of the channel network; the grayscale parameters include at least the first grayscale value and the second grayscale value. The preset cross-sectional model is a superelliptical cross-sectional model; wherein, by adjusting the shape index and semi-axis parameters, the shape of the channel cross-section can be continuously changed between a circle, an ellipse and a polygon.

[0035] The method further includes: S041, on the basis of the constructed regular channel network, combined with controlled random perturbation, to create and generate a corresponding random texture phantom model; wherein, the controlled random perturbation includes at least one of position perturbation, scale perturbation, topological perturbation or grayscale perturbation; the type and intensity of the controlled random perturbation are determined according to the preset random perturbation level, so as to generate phantom models with multiple complexity levels from regular structure to highly heterogeneous structure.

[0036] The method further includes: S051, creating a unique pattern identifier corresponding to each set of phantom parameter sets; S052. Based on the pattern identifier, establish the association between the pattern identifier and the model parameter set, the three-dimensional digital model, the manufacturing information and quality control data of the physical model.

[0037] The process of screening and inspecting the 3D digital phantom model, and constructing a physical phantom model based on the 3D digital phantom model that meets preset manufacturing constraints, further includes: S031. Based on multi-material synchronous additive manufacturing, the first material corresponding to the first gray value and the second material corresponding to the second gray value are integrally molded. S032, or, firstly, additively manufacture a matrix region having the three-dimensional interconnected porous structure, and then inject a second material having the second gray value into the porous structure.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the aim is to provide a method for designing and manufacturing a three-dimensional detection phantom for morphological assessment of human respiratory or skeletal tissues, addressing the problems of existing CT detection phantoms, such as difficulty in simulating complex three-dimensional tissue textures, uncontrollable grayscale contrast, insufficient verification of random heterogeneous structures, and inadequate batch consistency and traceability. The specific implementation process is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0039] The specific technical problems to be solved by this invention include: how to construct a three-dimensional network structure in a uniform-sized solid phantom with controllable structural period T, structural scale d, cross-sectional shape, and connectivity; how to make the structural region and the matrix region have settable CT attenuation characteristics, thereby forming a controllable grayscale combination (Gh, Gb); how to introduce controllable random perturbations on the basis of regular structures to simulate the spatial heterogeneity of real tissues; how to pre-screen structural combinations that do not meet manufacturing and evaluation requirements to avoid invalid structures from entering the manufacturing process; and how to achieve integrated management of phantom design, manufacturing, scanning, evaluation, and traceability through unique identification and standardized processes.

[0040] This invention comprises a matrix region and a structural region within a physical phantom. The matrix region simulates supporting or high-attenuation areas in the target tissue, while the structural region simulates pores, low-attenuation networks, or other low-attenuation tissue-like structures. The structural region is formed by superimposing channel structures arranged along three orthogonal directions (x, y, z), creating a three-dimensional connected network within the phantom. A schematic diagram of the structure is shown below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0041] The main design parameters of the phantom include the target tissue type (Tissue), structural shape (Shape), structural period (T), structural dimension (d), gray level of the structural region (Gh), gray level of the matrix region (Gb), and random perturbation level (R). A unique PatternID (e.g., Pattern Identifier) ​​is generated by combining these parameters, and further processes such as structural validity screening, material proportioning, molding and manufacturing, CT scanning, and consistency checks are performed.

[0042] The solid phantom of this invention is defined in a three-dimensional voxel mesh in the image domain, and the voxel domain can be represented as: ; In the formula, N represents the number of voxels in each direction of the phantom; preferably, N can be 128. The voxel dimensions can be set according to the phantom manufacturing precision or CT reconstruction resolution. The structural period T and structural scale d can be expressed in voxel units or converted to millimeters based on the voxel dimensions; the structural period T is used to determine the interval between the centers of adjacent structural units, and the structural scale d is used to determine the local dimensions of holes, channels, or low-attenuation structures. Structural parameters include: (2) To ensure the structure is centered within the phantom, the starting positions of each axis can be determined based on the phantom's side length N and period T, and the center coordinates of the periodic blocks can be obtained sequentially. Local structural elements are then generated within each periodic block based on the selected cross-sectional shape.

[0043] This invention employs a unified hyperelliptical section model to describe the cross-sectional shape of the structure in each orthogonal plane. A set of two-dimensional sections is defined: (3) In the formula, p>0 is the shape index, a,b>0 are the cross-sectional semi-axis parameters, and the unit is voxels.

[0044] Based on this model, different hole shapes can be achieved by taking parameter values: When p=2 and a=b=d / 2, the cross-section is circular, corresponding to a cylindrical hole; when p=2 and a≠b, the cross-section is elliptical, corresponding to an elliptical cylinder hole; when p approaches infinity, the cross-section is square, corresponding to a square prism hole.

[0045] The structural region is formed by the superposition of channels and openings along three orthogonal directions (x, y, z). Let the sets of channels in the three directions be denoted as follows: , , The structural region can then be represented as: (4) Based on this, the hole area indicator function is defined as follows: (5) (6) By superimposing three-dimensional channels, a stable three-dimensional network structure can be formed inside the phantom. Compared with single-directional holes or two-dimensional hole arrays, this is more suitable for simulating the spatial texture features inside target tissues. An example of a regular phantom design is shown below. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0046] The present invention uses CT value (HU) as the grayscale setting system for the phantom. The structural region can be an air hole, or it can be filled with low-density material, low-attenuation resin, hydrogel or equivalent liquid; the matrix region can be composed of a high-attenuation material to simulate the supporting or high-attenuation structure in tissue.

[0047] Set the grayscale of the structure area grayscale of the matrix region The grayscale field of the phantom can be represented as: (7) In bone tissue applications, the matrix region can simulate bone trabeculae or mineralized matrix regions, while the structural region can simulate low-density porous regions. In respiratory tissue applications, the structural region can simulate low-attenuation regions, while the matrix region can simulate lung parenchyma support structures or medium- to high-attenuation tissue-like regions.

[0048] After the phantom is reconstructed by CT scan, the consistency of the average CT values ​​of the structural area and the matrix area should be checked. Preferably, the grayscale classification is considered qualified when the following conditions are met: It is stipulated that the average HU (height and density) of the structural region and the matrix region after CT scan reconstruction of the solid phantom must meet the allowable error: (8) (9) In the formula, Δh and Δb are the allowable error thresholds, which can be set according to the CT scanning protocol, material stability, and quality control requirements.

[0049] To avoid situations where the structural scale d is too large relative to the structural period T, leading to channel encroachment, abnormally large intersection areas, or uncontrolled volume fraction, this invention establishes a structural validity criterion. .

[0050] In another preferred embodiment, when the structural scale d is smaller than the structural period T, and the requirements for the minimum wall thickness, the minimum channel spacing and the manufacturing resolution are satisfied, the combination is determined as a valid combination; when or the intersection of channels causes abnormal communication in the structural region, the combination is determined as an invalid combination, and will not enter the subsequent manufacturing and evaluation processes.

[0051] , where 0<d<T and the manufacturing constraints are satisfied; , when or the manufacturing constraints are not satisfied For example, when T∈{8,16,24} and d∈{5,9,17}, T=8 and d=9 or 17, or T=16 and d=17 can be determined as invalid structural combinations. This screening can prevent invalid designs from entering the manufacturing process, and improve the yield of phantoms and the comparability of evaluation results.

[0052] To further evaluate the stability and robustness of the texture scoring method or the morphological evaluation method under complex heterogeneous structure conditions, the present invention introduces random perturbations on the basis of the regular structural phantom to form a random texture detection phantom.

[0053] The random perturbation is not completely regenerated independently of the regular structure, but applies controllable perturbations to regular basic structures such as cylindrical channels, elliptical cylindrical channels, and square / rectangular channels, so that the phantom has spatial heterogeneity closer to real tissues on the premise of keeping the overall structural period, structural scale and gray scale grading controllable.

[0054] The random perturbation parameters may include: (10) Specific result changes are shown in Figure 6 .

[0055] ; Preferably, four random perturbation levels can be set: R0 is a regular phantom, R1 is a weak random phantom, R2 is a medium random phantom, and R3 is a strong random phantom. The higher the random perturbation level, the more obvious the local center offset, scale change, local deletion, local bridging and gray fluctuation, and the specific design example diagram is shown in Figure 7 .

[0056] ; To achieve standardized design, mass manufacturing, quality control and subsequent traceability, the solution of the present invention defines a unique identifier PatternID for each structure-gray scale combination. Preferably, the PatternID can be composed of target tissue type, structure shape, structure period, structure scale, structure region gray scale, matrix region gray scale and random perturbation level: (11) In the formula, Tissue represents the target tissue type, Shape represents the structural shape type, and T represents the structural period. d represents the structural scale; Gh represents the grayscale of the structural region; Gb represents the grayscale of the matrix region; and R represents the level of random disturbance. PatternID allows for one-to-one management of phantom design documents, material proportioning records, manufacturing batches, CT scan data, quality inspection results, and texture scoring results.

[0057] The three-dimensional detection phantom of this invention can be prepared by multi-material co-printing, substrate printing followed by injection, or other equivalent manufacturing methods. The preferred manufacturing process is as follows: Set phantom parameters: determine the target tissue type (Tissue), structural shape (Shape), structural period (T), structural scale (d), grayscale combination (Gh, Gb), and random perturbation level (R).

[0058] Generate 3D design files: Generate 3D voxel models of the structural region and matrix region based on voxel domain, cross-sectional model, three-way channel superposition rules and random perturbation parameters, and convert them into manufacturable files.

[0059] Perform validity screening: based on Valid patterns are selected based on conditions such as minimum wall thickness, minimum channel spacing, connectivity, locally thin areas, and abnormally large connected areas.

[0060] Material formulation and grayscale classification: Select or formulate materials with different CT attenuation characteristics according to Gh and Gb, and perform pre-scanning or calibration to confirm the target grayscale.

[0061] Modeling and manufacturing: The structural area and the base area are formed in one step by using multi-material co-printing, or the base area structure is printed first and then the structural area is filled by vacuum infusion, pressure injection and other methods.

[0062] Curing, sealing and post-treatment: Curing, sealing or stabilizing the filler material to ensure long-term stability of the structural and matrix regions.

[0063] CT scan and quality inspection: Scan the finished phantom to check whether the structural period, structural dimensions, cross-sectional shape, connectivity, and average HU of the structural / matrix regions meet the design requirements.

[0064] Output standardized phantoms: Archive qualified phantoms and their PatternID, design documents, scanned images, quality control results and evaluation results for subsequent algorithm verification or equipment consistency assessment.

[0065] The preferred printing methods of this invention are multi-material co-printing and post-printing infusion. Multi-material co-printing uses a dual-nozzle or multi-nozzle 3D printing device to simultaneously print materials with different CT attenuation characteristics. Guided by design documents, a matrix region and a structural region are formed separately, producing a solid model with structural and grayscale parameters meeting the set requirements in a single process. This method is suitable for scenarios requiring stable material systems, high printing accuracy, and mass production. The matrix printing and post-infusion method first prints the matrix region structure, forming a pre-defined interconnected network within the structural region. Then, a low-attenuation material is filled into this network through vacuum infusion, pressure injection, or capillary filling, and the structural region achieves a pre-defined grayscale value (Gh) through curing, sealing, or stabilization treatment. This method is suitable for scenarios where the structural region requires liquids, hydrogels, resins, or other infusionable low-attenuation materials.

[0066] In the bone tissue embodiment, the matrix region can use a composite material of hydroxyapatite (HA) and polyethylene (PE) as the molding material, and a higher gray level Gb can be achieved by adjusting the mass fraction of HA in the PE matrix; the structural region can use pure PE, low-concentration HA-PE composite material, low-density resin, hydrogel or equivalent liquid as the filling material to achieve a lower gray level Gh; in the respiratory tissue embodiment, the structural region can use closed-cell lightweight material, low-density resin, encapsulated gas cavity or equivalent low-attenuation filling material, and the matrix region can use medium-to-high attenuation material to form a solid phantom that meets the attenuation grading requirements of the target lung tissue.

[0067] After the phantom is manufactured, structural consistency checks, grayscale consistency checks, and evaluation result consistency checks should be performed. Specifically: Structural consistency check: Measure channel width, structural period, cross-sectional shape, local connectivity, minimum wall thickness, and abnormal connectivity areas; Gray-scale consistency check: Calculate the regional average HU of the structural area and the matrix area respectively, and determine whether it falls within the allowable error range; Repeated scan consistency check: Repeated scans are performed under the same scanning protocol to analyze the repeatability of structural parameters and grayscale parameters; Evaluation response check: Input the scanned phantom image into a 3D texture evaluation method, TBS scoring method, morphological evaluation method or tissue structure quantitative analysis method to establish the response relationship between structural parameters, grayscale parameters, random perturbation level and evaluation results; Robustness check: Compare the changing trends of the evaluation results under different random disturbance levels of R0, R1, R2, and R3 to determine whether the evaluation method has a stable and interpretable response to complex structural changes.

[0068] Example 1: Square or rectangular channel detection phantom This embodiment illustrates the design, manufacturing, and texture scoring verification process of a square or rectangular channel detection phantom. The structural period T, structural scale d, structural region grayscale Gh, and matrix region grayscale Gb are set, and the channel cross-section is set to a square or rectangle to form a regular three-dimensional texture structure with distinct boundaries and angular features. This structure can be achieved by taking a large value for the hyperelliptical shape index p, or by directly defining the local structural region using a cuboid range.

[0069] After manufacturing, the phantom is subjected to CT scans to check whether the channel width, structural period, boundary integrity, intersection area morphology, and grayscale levels meet the design requirements. The scanned images are then input into a preset texture scoring method to analyze the method's response to abrupt boundary changes, angular features, and regular spatial periods.

[0070] Example 2: Cylindrical Channel Detection Phantom This embodiment illustrates the design, manufacturing, and texture scoring verification process of the cylindrical channel detection phantom. P=2 and a=b=d / 2 are chosen to make the channel cross-section circular, forming a cylindrical channel network along the three orthogonal directions x, y, and z.

[0071] A 3D voxel mesh design file is generated based on the set parameters and further converted into a solid fabrication file. The matrix region is prepared using a material corresponding to Gb, while the structural region is prepared using a low-attenuation material, filler material, or equivalent material corresponding to Gh. After the phantom is fabricated, a CT scan is performed to check the structural period, hole size, channel continuity, and regional average CT value. By comparing the scoring results under different T, d, Gh, and Gb conditions, the responsiveness of the texture scoring method to regular cylindrical structures, changes in spatial scale, and changes in grayscale contrast can be evaluated.

[0072] Example 3: Elliptical cylindrical channel detection phantom This embodiment illustrates the design, manufacturing, and texture scoring verification process of an elliptical cylindrical channel detection phantom. Unlike cylindrical channels, elliptical cylindrical channels form a directional structure by adjusting the ratio of their major and minor axes. Preferably, the ratio of the major to minor axis of the elliptical cross-section is set to 1.5:1, and the major axis is arranged along the x-direction.

[0073] Based on the set structural period T, structural dimension d, grayscale combination (Gh, Gb), and elliptical cross-sectional parameters, an elliptical cylindrical channel phantom design file is generated, and fabrication is completed using multi-material printing, substrate printing followed by casting, or other equivalent manufacturing methods. By comparing the evaluation results of the elliptical cylindrical channel phantom with those of cylindrical, square, or rectangular channel phantoms, the evaluation method's ability to distinguish directional structures, cross-sectional anisotropy, and different regular geometric shapes can be assessed.

[0074] Example 4: Random Texture Detection Phantom This embodiment illustrates the design, manufacturing, and texture scoring verification process of a random texture detection phantom. First, a regular structure phantom is selected as the basic parent structure, such as a cylindrical channel phantom, an elliptical cylindrical channel phantom, or a square channel phantom. Then, random perturbation parameters are set, including the periodic perturbation coefficient. Scale perturbation coefficient Gray-scale disturbance in low gray-scale areas grayscale disturbance in the matrix region Spatial related length Local deletion probability and local bridging probability .

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, a cylindrical regular model is selected for further study of the random phantom, and the random perturbation parameters for each level are set as follows.

[0076] R0 rule phantom: (12) R1 weakly random phantom: (13) R2 medium-random phantom: (14) R3 Strongly Randomized Phantom: (15) Design files for a random textured phantom are generated by applying random center offsets, local scale variations, grayscale perturbations, local structural reductions, and local bridging to a regular structure. Subsequently, manufacturability checks are performed on the random structure, including minimum structural size checks, local connectivity checks, checks for excessively thin areas, and checks for abnormally large connected areas. Once the manufacturing conditions are met, a solid phantom is manufactured using multi-material printing or post-injection processes.

[0077] After fabrication, the random phantom is subjected to CT scans to examine its overall structural scale, grayscale levels, and local structural connectivity. Texture scoring is then performed on the scanned images, and the scores of a regular phantom (R0) are compared with those of weakly random phantoms (R1), moderately random phantoms (R2), and strongly random phantoms (R3) to evaluate the stability and robustness of the texture scoring method under random heterogeneous structural conditions. If the texture score or related parameters show a stable and interpretable trend as random perturbation increases, it indicates that the texture scoring method can reflect changes in complex three-dimensional texture structures. If unstable scoring, abnormal fitting, or quality control failures occur, it suggests that the texture scoring results under these structural conditions need to be reviewed.

[0078] It should be noted that the calculation and verification processes in Examples 1 to 4 above are not limited to specific texture evaluation algorithms or scoring formulas. The detection phantom can be input into any preset texture evaluation method, morphological evaluation method, or quantitative tissue structure analysis method to establish the response relationship between phantom structural parameters, grayscale parameters, random perturbation parameters, and evaluation results. Therefore, this invention can serve as a standardized detection object to verify the sensitivity, stability, repeatability, and robustness of relevant evaluation methods to changes in the structure of three-dimensional tissue samples.

[0079] To achieve the above objectives, such as Figures 3-7 As shown, the present invention also provides a three-dimensional bionic phantom for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation, wherein the three-dimensional bionic phantom is prepared using the parametric construction method for the three-dimensional bionic phantom for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation.

[0080] The three-dimensional biomimetic model includes a matrix region with a first attenuation characteristic and a structural region with a second attenuation characteristic; wherein the structural region is composed of a channel network that extends along three orthogonal directions and is interconnected with each other, so as to form a three-dimensional interconnected porous structure in the matrix region. The structural parameters and grayscale parameters of the three-dimensional biomimetic phantom are quantized values ​​independently set based on a preset parameter set; wherein, the structural parameters include at least the structural period and structural scale of the channel network; The grayscale parameter includes at least a first grayscale value characterizing the first attenuation characteristic and a second grayscale value characterizing the second attenuation characteristic.

[0081] In the embodiments of the three-dimensional biomimetic phantom scheme of the present invention, the specific details of the method steps involved in the three-dimensional biomimetic phantom used for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology evaluation have been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0082] To achieve the above objectives, such as Figure 8 As shown, the present invention also provides a parametric construction system for a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological assessment. The system is used to implement the parametric construction method for the three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological assessment. The system includes: A generation unit is constructed to build a set of parameters for generating a phantom, and based on a preset cross-sectional model, to create a corresponding channel model that extends along three orthogonal directions; wherein, the set of parameters for generating the phantom includes structural parameters for defining the geometric shape and / or grayscale parameters for defining the attenuation characteristics; The processing and generation unit is used to spatially superimpose the channel model and construct a corresponding three-dimensional digital phantom model with a three-dimensional connected pore structure; wherein, the three-dimensional digital phantom model is divided into a base region with a first gray value and a structural region with a second gray value; A screening and construction unit is used to screen and inspect the three-dimensional digital model and construct a solid model based on the three-dimensional digital model that meets the preset manufacturing constraints; wherein, the screening and inspection process is to exclude parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints; the screening and inspection process is based on at least one of the geometric relationship between structural scale and structural period, minimum wall thickness constraint, minimum channel spacing constraint, or abnormal connected region constraint. The structural parameters include at least the structural period and structural scale of the channel network; the grayscale parameters include at least the first grayscale value and the second grayscale value. The preset cross-sectional model is a superelliptical cross-sectional model; wherein, by adjusting the shape index and semi-axis parameters, the shape of the channel cross-section can be continuously changed between a circle, an ellipse and a polygon.

[0083] And / or, the system further includes: A generation unit is created to generate a corresponding random texture phantom model based on the constructed regular channel network and combined with controlled random perturbation. The controlled random perturbation includes at least one of position perturbation, scale perturbation, topological perturbation, or grayscale perturbation. The type and intensity of the controlled random perturbation are determined according to a preset random perturbation level to generate phantom models with multiple complexity levels, ranging from regular structures to highly heterogeneous structures.

[0084] And / or, the system further includes: The first generation module is used to create a unique pattern identifier corresponding to each set of phantom parameters. The first processing module is used to establish a correlation between the pattern identifier and the model parameter set, the three-dimensional digital model, the manufacturing information and quality control data of the physical model, based on the pattern identifier.

[0085] And / or, the filtering construction unit further includes: The second processing module is used for integral molding processing of the first material corresponding to the first gray value and the second material corresponding to the second gray value based on multi-material synchronous additive manufacturing. The third processing module is used to first additively manufacture a matrix region having the three-dimensional interconnected porous structure, and then inject a second material having the second gray value into the porous structure.

[0086] In the system embodiment of the present invention, the method steps involved in the parameterized construction system of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissue have been described in detail above. That is to say, the steps in the system are applied to the functional units or functional modules in the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0087] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a parameterized construction platform for a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the system includes a processor, a memory, and a control program for a three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation. The processor executes the control program, which is stored in the memory. This control program implements the steps of the three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction method for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation, for example: S01. Construct a set of parameters for generating a phantom, and based on a preset cross-sectional model, create a corresponding channel model that extends along three orthogonal directions; wherein, the set of parameters for generating the phantom includes structural parameters for defining the geometric shape and / or grayscale parameters for defining the attenuation characteristics; S02. The channel model is spatially superimposed to generate a corresponding three-dimensional digital phantom model with a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure; wherein, the three-dimensional digital phantom model is divided into a base region with a first gray value and a structural region with a second gray value; S03. Screen and inspect the three-dimensional digital model, and construct a solid model based on the three-dimensional digital model that meets the preset manufacturing constraints; wherein, the screening and inspection process is to exclude parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints; the screening and inspection process is based on at least one of the geometric relationship between structural scale and structural period, minimum wall thickness constraint, minimum channel spacing constraint, or abnormal connected region constraint.

[0088] The specific details of the steps have been explained above and will not be repeated here.

[0089] In this embodiment of the invention, the built-in processor of the three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment can be composed of integrated circuits. For example, it can be composed of a single packaged integrated circuit, or multiple integrated circuits with the same or different functions, including combinations of one or more central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital processing chips, graphics processors, and various control chips. The processor connects to various components using various interfaces and lines, and executes programs or units stored in memory, as well as calling data stored in memory, to perform various functions of parametric construction of the three-dimensional bionic phantom for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment and to process data. The memory is used to store program code and various data, and is installed in the parametric construction platform of the three-dimensional bionic phantom used for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology evaluation. During operation, it enables high-speed and automatic access to programs or data. The memory includes read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), one-time programmable read-only memory (OTPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, disk storage, magnetic tape storage, or any other computer-readable medium capable of carrying or storing data.

[0090] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the computer-readable storage medium stores a control program for a three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation. This control program implements the steps of the three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction method for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation; for example: S01. Construct a set of parameters for generating a phantom, and based on a preset cross-sectional model, create a corresponding channel model that extends along three orthogonal directions; wherein, the set of parameters for generating the phantom includes structural parameters for defining the geometric shape and / or grayscale parameters for defining the attenuation characteristics; S02. The channel model is spatially superimposed to generate a corresponding three-dimensional digital phantom model with a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure; wherein, the three-dimensional digital phantom model is divided into a base region with a first gray value and a structural region with a second gray value; S03. Screen and inspect the three-dimensional digital model, and construct a solid model based on the three-dimensional digital model that meets the preset manufacturing constraints; wherein, the screening and inspection process is to exclude parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints; the screening and inspection process is based on at least one of the geometric relationship between structural scale and structural period, minimum wall thickness constraint, minimum channel spacing constraint, or abnormal connected region constraint.

[0091] The specific details of the steps have been explained above and will not be repeated here.

[0092] In other words, in a specific embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided. The storage medium is a non-transitory computer-readable medium, which may be a solid-state flash memory, an SD card, or an industrial-grade hard drive. It has a shock-resistant, vibration-resistant, dustproof, and waterproof design to adapt to complex service environments such as constant or long-term vibration, high humidity, and dust. The storage medium stores an executable instruction set, which includes: image acquisition and preprocessing instructions, spot optimization instructions, feature extraction instructions, stress inversion instructions, field reconstruction and visualization instructions, anomaly monitoring and early warning instructions, and data storage and reporting instructions. When the instruction set is loaded and executed by the processor, the complete process from image acquisition to anomaly early warning can be realized sequentially. It also supports dynamic adjustment of key parameters such as camera exposure sequence, sensitivity weight, sampling density, calibration coefficient, early warning threshold, attenuation alarm ratio, and heatmap mapping range via INI or JSON configuration files, without requiring program recompilation. The storage medium is compatible with embedded Linux or real-time industrial operating systems and has built-in error capture, logging, verification and automatic recovery mechanisms. When read / write errors, power outages or computing errors occur, it can roll back to the nearest safe point and record detailed error information, which is convenient for on-site debugging, engineering replication and long-term maintenance.

[0093] In the description of embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that any process or method description in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order according to the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain.

[0094] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processing module, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, a “computer-readable medium” can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, the computer-readable medium can even be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0095] This invention constructs a set of parameters for generating a phantom and, based on a preset cross-sectional model, creates corresponding channel models extending along three orthogonal directions. Then, it spatially superimposes these channel models to construct a corresponding 3D digital phantom model with a three-dimensional interconnected porous structure. Next, it filters and checks these 3D digital phantom models, and constructs a solid phantom based on those models that meet preset manufacturing constraints. The filtering and checking process excludes parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints. This filtering and checking process is based on at least one of the following: the geometric relationship between structural scale and structural period, minimum wall thickness constraint, minimum channel spacing constraint, or abnormal connected region constraint. This achieves precise programmable construction and batch-stable manufacturing of the spatial texture and attenuation characteristics of biomimetic tissue phantoms, providing a standardized, traceable, and standardized testing benchmark for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphological evaluation methods, encompassing both regular and heterogeneous structures.

[0096] In other words, the present invention achieves precise programmable construction of the internal spatial texture features and attenuation characteristics of the phantom by independently quantizing structural parameters and grayscale parameters, forming a three-dimensional connected network by superimposing three-way orthogonal channels, and introducing controlled random perturbations in a graded manner. At the same time, by combining the pre-screening of geometric manufacturability rules and the full-process traceability of unique pattern identifiers, the batch consistency, repeatability and traceability of the phantom as a standardized testing object are improved, and the sensitivity, stability and robustness of respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment methods under different complexities can be effectively verified.

[0097] In other words, this invention, through parametric design of structural period T, structural scale d, cross-sectional shape, grayscale Gh in the structural region, and grayscale Gb in the matrix region, enables the three-dimensional texture structure and grayscale contrast of the detection phantom to be set in increments and repeatedly manufactured. The use of three-directional orthogonal channels to form a three-dimensional network structure is more effective than single-directional holes or simple geometric hole arrays in simulating the complex spatial morphological characteristics of tissues such as cancellous bone and lung parenchyma. Using CT values ​​(HU) as a unified grayscale system and controlling the average HU deviation between the structural and matrix regions helps improve the consistency of grayscale characteristics across different batches of phantoms. Furthermore, this invention establishes a structural validity criterion. This method can pre-emptively eliminate invalid combinations where structural dimensions and periods do not match, reducing manufacturing rework and improving the stability of evaluation results. Introducing random perturbation levels R0 to R3 on a regular structure basis allows for the evaluation of the sensitivity, stability, and robustness of texture scoring methods under regular, weakly random, moderately random, and strongly random structural conditions. Furthermore, PatternID enables full-process traceability of phantom design, manufacturing, scanning, quality control, and evaluation results, facilitating standardized management and batch application. The tested phantoms can also serve as standard testing objects for CT imaging quality control, 3D texture analysis algorithm verification, respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology evaluation method verification, and consistency comparison of results from different devices / batch levels.

[0098] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological assessment of respiratory or skeletal tissues, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: A set of parameters for generating a phantom is constructed, and a corresponding channel model extending along three orthogonal directions is created based on a preset cross-sectional model; wherein, the set of parameters for generating the phantom includes structural parameters for defining the geometric shape and / or grayscale parameters for defining the attenuation characteristics; The channel model is spatially superimposed to generate a corresponding three-dimensional digital phantom model with a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure; wherein, the three-dimensional digital phantom model is divided into a base region with a first gray value and a structural region with a second gray value; The three-dimensional digital model is screened and inspected, and a physical model is constructed based on the three-dimensional digital model that meets the preset manufacturing constraints; wherein, the screening and inspection process is to exclude parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints.

2. The method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural parameters include at least the structural period and structural scale of the channel network; the grayscale parameters include at least the first grayscale value and the second grayscale value. The preset cross-section model is a superelliptical cross-section model.

3. A method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the established rule channel network, a corresponding random texture model is created by combining controlled random perturbation; wherein the controlled random perturbation includes at least one of position perturbation, scale perturbation, topological perturbation or grayscale perturbation.

4. The method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Create a unique pattern identifier corresponding to each set of phantom parameters; Based on the pattern identifier, establish the association between the pattern identifier and the phantom parameter set, the three-dimensional digital phantom model, the manufacturing information and quality control data of the physical phantom.

5. The method for parametric construction of a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of screening and inspecting the 3D digital phantom model, and constructing a physical phantom model based on the 3D digital phantom model that meets preset manufacturing constraints, further includes: Based on multi-material synchronous additive manufacturing, a first material corresponding to the first gray value and a second material corresponding to the second gray value are integrally molded. Alternatively, a matrix region having the aforementioned three-dimensional interconnected porous structure can be first additively manufactured, and then a second material having the second gray value can be injected into the porous structure.

6. A three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological evaluation of respiratory or skeletal tissues, characterized in that, The three-dimensional bionic model is prepared using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for assessing respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The three-dimensional biomimetic model includes a matrix region with a first attenuation characteristic and a structural region with a second attenuation characteristic; wherein the structural region is composed of a network of channels extending along three orthogonal directions and interconnecting with each other; The structural parameters and grayscale parameters of the three-dimensional biomimetic phantom are quantized values ​​independently set based on a preset parameter set; wherein, the structural parameters include at least the structural period and structural scale of the channel network; The grayscale parameter includes at least a first grayscale value characterizing the first attenuation characteristic and a second grayscale value characterizing the second attenuation characteristic.

8. A parametric construction system for a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological assessment of respiratory or skeletal tissues, characterized in that, The system is used to implement the parametric construction method for three-dimensional biomimetic phantoms for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the system comprising: A generation unit is constructed to build a set of parameters for generating a phantom, and based on a preset cross-sectional model, to create a corresponding channel model that extends along three orthogonal directions; wherein, the set of parameters for generating the phantom includes structural parameters for defining the geometric shape and / or grayscale parameters for defining the attenuation characteristics; The processing and generation unit is used to spatially superimpose the channel model and construct a corresponding three-dimensional digital phantom model with a three-dimensional connected pore structure; wherein, the three-dimensional digital phantom model is divided into a base region with a first gray value and a structural region with a second gray value; A screening and construction unit is used to screen and inspect the three-dimensional digital model and construct a solid model based on the three-dimensional digital model that meets the preset manufacturing constraints; wherein, the screening and inspection process is to exclude parameter combinations that do not meet the preset manufacturing constraints.

9. A parametric construction platform for a three-dimensional biomimetic phantom for morphological assessment of respiratory or skeletal tissues, characterized in that, The system includes a processor, a memory, and a control program for a three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment. The processor executes the control program, which is stored in the memory. The control program implements the three-dimensional bionic phantom parametric construction method for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a control program for a three-dimensional bionic phantom parameterization construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment. The control program for the three-dimensional bionic phantom parameterization construction platform for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment implements the three-dimensional bionic phantom parameterization construction method for respiratory or skeletal tissue morphology assessment as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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