Self-adhesive steel structure ball joint crack passive monitoring alarm device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device and method for cracks in steel structure spherical nodes, belonging to the field of steel structure spherical technology. The invention includes an integrated electrostatic induction patch, which is adhered to the welded sphere; the integrated electrostatic induction patch is wirelessly paired with a remote monitoring and alarm host; the side of the integrated electrostatic induction patch has an integrated module area, which encapsulates an embedded integrated module; the remote monitoring and alarm device receives wireless radio frequency signals, accurately locates alarm nodes according to node codes, and outputs corresponding early warning or emergency alarm signals. This invention integrates technologies such as triboelectric electrostatic generation, deformation sensing, graded threshold recognition, wireless code transmission, and remote alarm, relying on component deformation for self-powered operation, achieving non-destructive rapid installation, passive power-free operation, graded early warning of deformation cracks, precise node location, and remote centralized alarm integrated application, meeting the monitoring requirements of steel structure space frames.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of steel structure sphere technology, and more specifically, to a self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device and method for cracks in steel structure sphere joints. Background Technology

[0002] The butt welds between the steel structure spheres and connecting rods are the core load-bearing points and also the weakest points in the steel space frame system. The space frame is subjected to wind loads, temperature stresses, and structural creep over long periods, making the welds prone to deformation and cracking, which can lead to space frame collapse and other safety accidents. Traditional welding methods rely on manual high-altitude inspections, which are limited by factors such as the working environment and location obstructions, making it difficult to visually identify micro-cracks and detect them in a timely manner, resulting in significant safety hazards.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream monitoring solutions for grid-connected sphere nodes in the industry are strain gauges, fiber Bragg gratings, and external piezoelectric sensors, all of which have significant shortcomings:

[0004] 1. High power supply and maintenance costs: Strain gauges and fiber optic gratings require external power supply or built-in batteries. High-altitude cabling is difficult to install, cables are prone to aging, batteries need to be replaced regularly, and subsequent maintenance costs are high.

[0005] 2. Easily damaged components during installation: Conventional piezoelectric sensors are rigid split structures that rely on clamps, clips, and bolts for fixation. Installation requires clamping and drilling, which can easily damage the steel structure base material and stress-bearing welds, making non-destructive construction impossible.

[0006] 3. Poor equipment reliability: The sensing unit, signal processing unit, and wireless transmission component are arranged separately, requiring manual wiring and assembly on site. Exposed wires are susceptible to problems such as wire breakage, short circuit, and failure due to moisture when exposed to wind and rain.

[0007] 4. High false alarm rate: Existing sensors cannot distinguish between elastic vibrations caused by minor wind vibrations and actual structural deformation or weld cracks, frequently triggering invalid alarms and interfering with normal safety management. Summary of the Invention

[0008] 1. The technical problem that the invention aims to solve

[0009] To address the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies, this invention provides a self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device and method for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures. This invention integrates technologies such as triboelectric power generation, deformation sensing, graded threshold identification, wireless coding transmission, and remote alarm. Relying on the self-powered power supply of component deformation, it achieves integrated application of non-destructive and rapid installation, passive power supply-free operation, graded early warning of deformation cracks, precise node positioning, and remote centralized alarm, thus meeting the monitoring requirements of steel structure space frames.

[0010] 2. Technical Solution

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0012] The present invention provides a self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures, comprising a welded sphere, an integrated electrostatic induction patch, and a remote monitoring and alarm device, wherein the integrated electrostatic induction patch is bonded to the welded sphere; and the integrated electrostatic induction patch is wirelessly paired with the remote monitoring and alarm host.

[0013] The integrated electrostatic induction patch is a flexible thin sheet structure with a self-adhesive layer on its inner surface and a waterproof layer on its outer surface.

[0014] The integrated electrostatic induction patch adopts a fully sealed structure. The integrated electrostatic induction patch is divided into a spherical patch area, a rod patch area, and a weld bridging patch area, which are used to adhere and cover the outer wall of the welding ball, the outer wall of the connecting rod, and the surface of the butt weld where the two are connected.

[0015] The integrated electrostatic induction patch has a passive power generation and deformation sensing structure composed of a multi-layer composite triboelectric thin film. The multi-layer composite triboelectric thin film is composed of two different dielectric materials, a bottom power generation film and an upper power generation film. Under normal conditions, the two films are tightly bonded to form an electrostatic balance. When the component deforms, the interlayer relative displacement occurs to disrupt the electrostatic balance, generating an instantaneous induced current through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction effects. The triboelectric thin films in the three patch areas are connected by a parallel circuit.

[0016] The integrated electrostatic induction patch has an integrated module area on its side. The integrated module area encapsulates an embedded integrated module, which includes a signal processing module, a hierarchical threshold recognition unit, and a wireless radio frequency module. The remote monitoring and alarm device is used to receive the wireless radio frequency signal from the wireless radio frequency module, accurately locate the alarm node according to the node code, and output a warning or emergency alarm signal accordingly.

[0017] Furthermore, the embedded integrated module has no built-in energy storage components and no external power supply line. The instantaneous induced current generated by the triboelectric thin film directly serves as the working power source to drive the entire circuit operation.

[0018] Furthermore, the graded threshold identification unit is preset with two independent judgment thresholds: the first level is the micro-deformation early warning current threshold corresponding to structural creep and slight plastic deformation conditions, and the second level is the crack expansion emergency alarm current threshold corresponding to weld cracking and large component misalignment conditions; the wireless radio frequency module is normally in a deep sleep state, and only starts momentarily after the induced current drive circuit is powered on, and transmits wireless radio frequency signals with a unique node code.

[0019] Furthermore, the waterproof layer is made of a polymer composite material that is waterproof, dustproof, resistant to high and low temperatures, and resistant to ultraviolet aging.

[0020] Furthermore, the integrated electrostatic induction patch uses a highly elastic polymer flexible substrate that can be applied to spherical, conical, and weld seam surfaces to capture micron-level minute deformations of components.

[0021] Furthermore, the self-adhesive layer is an industrial weather-resistant high-strength adhesive layer that adheres to the surface of the steel structure and does not corrode the base material or weld seams.

[0022] Furthermore, the embedded integrated module is equipped with a sleep control switch, which is normally open and remains open under normal conditions to keep the wireless radio frequency module in a deep sleep state. When an induced current is generated, it is triggered to close and power on the circuit.

[0023] Furthermore, each integrated electrostatic induction patch is pre-programmed with a unique digital code, and the remote monitoring and alarm device locates the corresponding monitoring node by identifying the digital code.

[0024] A construction method for a self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Pre-construction preparations:

[0026] Based on the steel structure space frame construction drawings and monitoring plan, monitoring points were marked at all welded balls, connecting rods, and weld locations. The number of monitoring points was counted, and integrated electrostatic induction patches of the corresponding specifications were matched. All patches underwent factory functional retesting to ensure that the patch's power generation and signal transmission functions were normal and that the coding was clear and identifiable. Loose impurities on the surface of the monitoring points were cleaned with a brush and a dry cloth to ensure that the bonding surface was dry and flat.

[0027] Step 2: Sectional pasting construction:

[0028] Apply the patches sequentially according to the functional areas; after the patches are applied, press evenly from the center outwards to expel air between the patches and the components, ensuring that the adhesive layer is fully adhered without any hollow areas, curling edges, or wrinkles; no drilling, welding, or fasteners are required throughout the process, achieving non-destructive and rapid construction; confirm that the parallel connection of the film in the spherical area, conical area, and weld bridging area is reliable.

[0029] Step 3: System integration and debugging:

[0030] All integrated electrostatic induction patches on site were wirelessly paired with the remote monitoring and alarm host, and the node positions corresponding to each patch were recorded to establish a full-area monitoring ledger. After standing still for a few minutes, the host status was observed. Under normal wind vibration conditions, the host had no alarm signal and no false triggering. Some points were randomly selected to conduct deformation simulation tests to verify the first-level micro-deformation early warning and second-level crack expansion alarm functions in sequence. After confirming that the hierarchical alarm and coding positioning functions were normal, it was officially put into routine monitoring.

[0031] Step 4: Routine monitoring and operation:

[0032] When the space frame experiences minor vibrations due to wind, the triboelectric thin film exhibits no effective interlayer displacement and no induced current output, remaining in a dormant state, while the wireless transmission module remains in standby mode. When nodes experience long-term creep or slight plastic deformation, the thin film generates a small displacement and outputs a small current. Once the current reaches the first-level threshold, the module uploads a warning signal, and the remote monitoring and alarm host automatically stores the data and displays a pop-up notification. When welds crack or components undergo significant misalignment and deformation, the thin film generates a large displacement and outputs a large current. Once the current reaches the second-level threshold, the module sends an emergency signal, and the remote monitoring and alarm host immediately activates an audible and visual alarm to alert personnel to take emergency measures.

[0033] Step 5: Post-construction inspection and replacement work

[0034] Maintenance personnel arrive at the corresponding node on-site to carry out maintenance based on the code and location information displayed on the host, and complete tasks such as crack repair and component reinforcement. If the patch is not delaminated, damaged, or aged, it can continue to be used. If the patch is peeling, damaged, or ineffective, the old patch can be removed and a new patch can be pasted directly.

[0035] 3. Beneficial effects

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages:

[0037] This invention integrates technologies such as triboelectric power generation, deformation sensing, graded threshold identification, wireless coding transmission, and remote alarm. Relying on the self-powered power supply of component deformation, it realizes non-destructive rapid installation, passive power-free operation, graded early warning of deformation cracks, precise node positioning, and remote centralized alarm in an integrated application, meeting the monitoring requirements of steel structure space frames. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the present invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Welded ball; 2. Weld seam; 3. Integrated electrostatic induction patch; 301. Integrated module area; 302. Self-adhesive layer; 303. Bottom power generation film; 304. Upper power generation film; 305. Waterproof layer; 306. Embedded integrated module; 3061. Signal processing module; 3062. Hierarchical threshold recognition unit; 3063. Wireless radio frequency module; 4. Connecting rod; 5. Wireless transmission; 6. Alarm device. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0042] Example 1

[0043] from Figure 1-2 As can be seen, the self-adhesive steel structure ball joint crack passive monitoring and alarm device of this embodiment includes a welded ball 1, an integrated electrostatic induction patch 3, and a remote monitoring and alarm device 6. The integrated electrostatic induction patch 3 is bonded to the welded ball 1; the integrated electrostatic induction patch 3 is wirelessly paired with the remote monitoring and alarm host 6.

[0044] The integrated electrostatic induction patch 3 has a flexible thin sheet structure, with a self-adhesive layer 302 on its inner surface and a waterproof layer 305 on its outer surface; the entire patch has no external wires and no independent electrical box.

[0045] The integrated electrostatic induction patch 3 adopts a fully sealed structure. The integrated electrostatic induction patch 3 is divided into a spherical patch area, a rod patch area and a weld bridging patch area, which are used to cover the outer wall of the welding ball 1, the outer wall of the connecting rod 4 and the surface of the butt weld 2 where the two are connected.

[0046] The integrated electrostatic induction patch 3 has a passive power generation and deformation sensing structure composed of a multi-layer composite triboelectric thin film. The multi-layer composite triboelectric thin film is composed of two different dielectric materials, a bottom power generation film 303 and an upper power generation film 304. Under normal conditions, the two films are tightly bonded to form an electrostatic balance. When the component deforms, the interlayer relative displacement occurs to disrupt the electrostatic balance, generating an instantaneous induced current through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction effects. The triboelectric thin films in the three patch areas are connected by a parallel circuit. Any deformation or crack in any area can independently generate current and trigger an alarm, with no blind spots in monitoring.

[0047] When the space frame experiences only minor wind vibration and the components experience elastic shaking, the membrane has no effective interlayer relative displacement, contact, or separation, and the electrostatic balance is not broken, so no induced current can be generated. When the ball joint undergoes plastic deformation, the butt weld cracks open, or the base material is misaligned, the flexible patch stretches, bends, and warps synchronously with the components, causing the triboelectric membrane to slide, separate, and contact, thus disrupting the electrostatic balance and generating an instantaneous induced current through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction effects.

[0048] The integrated electrostatic induction patch 3 has an integrated module area 301 on its side. The integrated module area 301 encapsulates an embedded integrated module 306, which serves as a signal processing and hierarchical identification mechanism. The embedded integrated module 306 includes a signal processing module 3061, a hierarchical threshold identification unit 3062, and a wireless radio frequency module 3063. The remote monitoring and alarm device 6 is used to receive the wireless radio frequency signal from the wireless radio frequency module 3063, accurately locate the alarm node according to the node code, and output a warning or emergency alarm signal accordingly.

[0049] The embedded integrated module 306 has no built-in energy storage components and no external power supply line. The instantaneous induced current generated by the triboelectric thin film directly serves as the working power source to drive the operation of all circuits.

[0050] The graded threshold identification unit 3062 has two preset independent judgment thresholds: the first level is the micro-deformation warning current threshold corresponding to structural creep and slight plastic deformation conditions, and the second level is the crack expansion emergency alarm current threshold corresponding to weld cracking and large component misalignment conditions; after the induced current reaches the corresponding threshold, the graded threshold identification unit 3062 outputs a trigger signal; the wireless radio frequency module 3063 is normally in a deep sleep state with no static power consumption, and only starts momentarily after the induced current drive circuit is powered on, and transmits wireless radio frequency signals with a unique node code.

[0051] The 305 waterproof layer is made of a high-molecular composite material that is waterproof, dustproof, resistant to high and low temperatures, and resistant to ultraviolet aging. It can withstand rain, snow, sun exposure, and temperature changes, and is suitable for complex outdoor working conditions.

[0052] The integrated electrostatic induction patch 3 uses a highly elastic polymer flexible substrate that can be applied to spherical, conical, and weld seam concave and convex surfaces to capture micron-level minute deformations of components and has a strong ability to identify early microcracks.

[0053] The self-adhesive layer 302 is an industrial weather-resistant high-strength adhesive layer that adheres to the surface of the steel structure without corroding the base material or welds. It provides a strong bond, does not peel off over a long period of time, and will not corrode the base material or welds of the steel structure, thus achieving truly non-destructive installation.

[0054] The embedded integrated module 306 has a sleep control switch. The sleep control switch is normally open and is kept open under normal conditions to keep the wireless radio frequency module 3063 in a deep sleep state. When an induced current is generated, it is triggered to close and power on the circuit.

[0055] Each integrated electrostatic induction patch 3 is pre-programmed with a unique digital code, and the remote monitoring and alarm device 6 locates the corresponding monitoring node by identifying the digital code.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] from Figure 1-2As can be seen, the construction method of the self-adhesive steel structure ball joint crack passive monitoring and alarm device in this embodiment includes the entire process of device layout, debugging, monitoring, and subsequent maintenance and replacement. The steps are as follows:

[0058] Step 1: Pre-construction preparations:

[0059] Based on the steel structure grid construction drawings and monitoring plan, monitoring points were marked at all welded balls 1, connecting rods 4, and weld seams 2. The number of monitoring points was counted, and corresponding integrated electrostatic induction patches 3 were matched. All patches underwent factory functional retesting to ensure that the patch power generation and signal transmission functions were normal and the coding was clear and identifiable. Loose impurities on the surface of the monitoring points were cleaned with a brush and a dry cloth to ensure that the bonding surface was dry and flat.

[0060] Step 2: Sectional pasting construction:

[0061] Apply the patches sequentially according to the functional areas; after the patches are applied, press evenly from the center outwards to expel air between the patches and the components, ensuring that the adhesive layer is fully adhered without any hollow areas, curling edges, or wrinkles; no drilling, welding, or fasteners are required throughout the process, achieving non-destructive and rapid construction; confirm that the parallel connection of the film in the spherical area, conical area, and weld bridging area is reliable.

[0062] Step 3: System integration and debugging:

[0063] All integrated electrostatic induction patches 3 on site were wirelessly paired with the remote monitoring and alarm host 6, and the node positions corresponding to each patch were recorded to establish a full-area monitoring ledger. After 30 minutes of rest, the host status was observed. Under normal wind vibration conditions, the host had no alarm signal and no false triggering. Some points were randomly selected to conduct deformation simulation tests to verify the first-level micro-deformation early warning and second-level crack expansion alarm functions in sequence. After confirming that the hierarchical alarm and coding positioning functions were normal, the system was officially put into routine monitoring.

[0064] Step 4: Routine monitoring and operation:

[0065] When the space frame experiences minor vibrations due to wind, the triboelectric film exhibits no effective interlayer displacement and no induced current output, remaining in a dormant state, while the wireless transmission module remains in standby mode. When nodes experience long-term creep or slight plastic deformation, the film generates a small displacement and outputs a small current. Once the current reaches the first-level threshold, the module uploads a warning signal, and the remote monitoring and alarm host 6 automatically stores the data and displays a pop-up notification. When weld 2 cracks or the component undergoes significant misalignment and deformation, the film generates a large stroke displacement and outputs a large current. Once the current reaches the second-level threshold, the module sends an emergency signal, and the remote monitoring and alarm host 6 immediately activates an audible and visual alarm to alert personnel to take emergency measures.

[0066] Step 5: Post-construction inspection and replacement work

[0067] Maintenance personnel arrive at the corresponding node on-site to carry out maintenance based on the code and location information displayed on the host, and complete tasks such as crack repair and component reinforcement. If the patch is not delaminated, damaged, or aged, it can continue to be used. If the patch is peeling, damaged, or ineffective, the old patch can be removed and a new patch can be pasted directly.

[0068] This invention integrates technologies such as triboelectric power generation, deformation sensing, graded threshold identification, wireless coding transmission, and remote alarm. Relying on the self-powered power supply of component deformation, it realizes non-destructive rapid installation, passive power-free operation, graded early warning of deformation cracks, precise node positioning, and remote centralized alarm in an integrated application, meeting the monitoring requirements of steel structure space frames.

[0069] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures, comprising a welded sphere (1), an integrated electrostatic induction patch (3), and a remote monitoring and alarm device (6), characterized in that: The integrated electrostatic induction patch (3) and the welding ball (1) are bonded together; The integrated electrostatic induction patch (3) is wirelessly paired with the remote monitoring and alarm host (6); The integrated electrostatic induction patch (3) is a flexible thin sheet structure with a self-adhesive layer (302) on its inner surface and a waterproof layer (305) on its outer surface. The integrated electrostatic induction patch (3) adopts a fully sealed structure. The integrated electrostatic induction patch (3) is divided into a spherical patch area, a rod patch area and a weld bridging patch area, which are used to cover the outer wall of the welding ball (1), the outer wall of the connecting rod (4) and the surface of the butt weld (2) connecting the two. The integrated electrostatic induction patch (3) has a passive power generation and deformation sensing structure composed of a multilayer composite triboelectric thin film. The multilayer composite triboelectric thin film is composed of two different dielectric materials, a bottom power generation film (303) and an upper power generation film (304). Under normal conditions, the two films are tightly bonded to form an electrostatic balance. When the component deforms, the interlayer relative displacement is generated to disrupt the electrostatic balance. Instantaneous induced current is generated through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction effect. The triboelectric thin films in the three patch areas are connected by a parallel circuit. The integrated electrostatic induction patch (3) has an integrated module area (301) on its side. The integrated module area (301) contains an embedded integrated module (306). The embedded integrated module (306) includes a signal processing module (3061), a hierarchical threshold identification unit (3062), and a wireless radio frequency module (3063). The remote monitoring alarm device (6) is used to receive the wireless radio frequency signal from the wireless radio frequency module (3063), accurately locate the alarm node according to the node code, and output a warning or emergency alarm signal accordingly.

2. The self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The embedded integrated module (306) has no built-in energy storage components and no external power supply line. The instantaneous induced current generated by the triboelectric thin film is directly used as the working power to drive the operation of the entire circuit.

3. The self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graded threshold identification unit (3062) is preset with two independent judgment thresholds: the first level is the micro-deformation early warning current threshold corresponding to structural creep and slight plastic deformation conditions, and the second level is the crack expansion emergency alarm current threshold corresponding to weld cracking and large component misalignment conditions; the wireless radio frequency module (3063) is normally in a deep sleep state and only starts momentarily after the induced current drive circuit is powered on, and transmits wireless radio frequency signals with a unique node code.

4. The self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof layer (305) is made of a high-molecular composite material that is waterproof, dustproof, resistant to high and low temperatures, and resistant to ultraviolet aging.

5. The self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated electrostatic induction patch (3) uses a highly elastic polymer flexible substrate that can be applied to spherical, conical, and weld seam surfaces to capture micron-level minute deformations of components.

6. The self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-adhesive layer (302) is an industrial weather-resistant strong adhesive layer that adheres to the surface of the steel structure and does not corrode the base material and weld.

7. The self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The embedded integrated module (306) is equipped with a sleep control switch. The sleep control switch is normally open and is kept open under normal conditions to keep the wireless radio frequency module (3063) in a deep sleep state. When an induced current is generated, it is triggered to close so that the circuit is powered on.

8. The self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each integrated electrostatic induction patch (3) is pre-programmed with an independent and unique digital code. The remote monitoring and alarm device (6) locates the corresponding monitoring node by identifying the digital code.

9. The construction method of a self-adhesive passive monitoring and alarm device for cracks in spherical joints of steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: Step 1: Pre-construction preparations: According to the steel structure grid construction drawings and monitoring plan, monitoring points were marked at all welding balls (1), connecting rods (4), and welds (2), the number of monitoring points was counted, and integrated electrostatic induction patches (3) of corresponding specifications were matched; all patches were re-inspected for factory functions to ensure that the patch power generation and signal transmission functions were normal and the coding was clear and identifiable; loose impurities on the surface of the monitoring points were cleaned with a brush and a dry cloth to ensure that the bonding base surface was dry and flat; Step 2: Sectional pasting construction: Apply the patches sequentially according to the functional areas; after the patches are applied, press evenly from the center outwards to expel air between the patches and the components, ensuring that the adhesive layer is fully adhered without any hollow areas, curling edges, or wrinkles; no drilling, welding, or fasteners are required throughout the process, achieving non-destructive and rapid construction; confirm that the parallel connection of the film in the spherical area, conical area, and weld bridging area is reliable. Step 3: System integration and debugging: All integrated electrostatic induction patches (3) on site are wirelessly paired with the remote monitoring and alarm host (6), the node positions corresponding to each patch are recorded, and a full-area monitoring ledger is established. After standing for 30 minutes, observe the status of the main unit. Under normal wind vibration conditions, the main unit has no alarm signal and no false triggering. Randomly select some points to conduct deformation simulation tests, and verify the first-level micro-deformation early warning and second-level crack expansion alarm functions in turn. After confirming that the hierarchical alarm and coding positioning functions are normal, it is officially put into routine monitoring. Step 4: Routine monitoring and operation: When the grid structure vibrates slightly due to wind, the friction electrostatic film has no effective interlayer displacement and no induced current output, the patch is in a dormant state, and the wireless transmission module is in standby mode. When the node experiences long-term creep or slight plastic deformation, the film generates a small displacement and outputs a small current. When the current reaches the first-level threshold, the module uploads an early warning signal, and the remote monitoring alarm host (6) automatically stores the data and pops up a reminder. When the weld (2) cracks or the component undergoes large-scale misalignment deformation, the film generates a large stroke displacement and outputs a large current. When the current reaches the second-level threshold, the module sends an emergency signal, and the remote monitoring alarm host (6) immediately activates the audible and visual alarm to remind personnel to carry out emergency response. Step 5: Post-construction inspection and replacement work Maintenance personnel arrive at the corresponding node on-site to carry out maintenance based on the code and location information displayed on the host, and complete tasks such as crack repair and component reinforcement. If the patch is not delaminated, damaged, or aged, it can continue to be used. If the patch is peeling, damaged, or ineffective, the old patch can be removed and a new patch can be pasted directly.

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