Short thick cylinder three-layer vacuum segmented magnetic field deuterium-tritium ignition hydrogen self-sustained controllable nuclear fusion power generation device

Abstract

This invention discloses a short, thick cylindrical, three-layer vacuum segmented magnetic field deuterium-tritium ignition protium self-sustaining controllable nuclear fusion power generation device, belonging to the field of controllable nuclear fusion energy technology. The device has a short, thick cylindrical cup-like structure, with electrically controlled magnetically attracted positive and negative electrodes at both ends. Internally, it houses a superconducting enhancement coil, a three-layer vacuum insulation layer, and a plasma shield generator. Externally, it is equipped with a liftable helium cooling layer. This invention achieves modular, sealed assembly and disassembly through an axial electromagnetic force dual-force balance structure. Multi-layer vacuum insulation and helium circulation cooling ensure stable operation of the device. It can achieve deuterium-tritium ignition and protium self-sustaining fusion reaction, directly outputting DC power for energy storage and supply. This solves the problems of complex structure, high cost, and difficulty in miniaturization for civilian use of traditional tokamak devices. It is suitable for stable high-power civilian power generation and features a compact structure, high safety, and modular maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of controlled nuclear fusion energy technology, and is particularly applicable to civilian high-power stable fusion power generation and clean energy power generation equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Existing tokamak devices are characterized by their slender structure, complex magnetic field control, difficulty in plasma confinement, and extremely high construction costs, making miniaturization and civilian application difficult. Traditional fusion devices cannot achieve a protium self-sustaining reaction, have low energy utilization, inadequate heat dissipation and shielding structures, and poor operational stability, hindering large-scale commercialization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This solution is an original and disruptive controllable nuclear fusion power generation device, completely abandoning the complex and twisted configurations of traditional tokamak toroidal and stellarator designs. It adopts a short, thick, cylindrical, cup-shaped integrated symmetrical structure, using "deuterium-tritium cryogenic ignition + protium self-sustaining at room temperature" as the core energy path. It constructs a four-dimensional plasma confinement system consisting of "axial magnetic attraction dual-force balance + circumferential superconducting magnetic hoop + dynamic synchronous control of upper, middle, and lower three-dimensional plasma shields + multi-layer vacuum compression," coupled with a fusion-dedicated intelligent ECU closed-loop control system. During the steady-state power generation and transmission phase, the upper axial shield is gradually weakened, the lower axial shield is gradually strengthened, and the middle toroidal shield is synchronously and slowly weakened. This three-dimensional confinement is coordinated and released, guiding charged particles to be directed and stably discharged upwards to the positive electrode. This achieves miniaturization, steady-state operation, safety, civilian application, direct DC output, and protium self-sustaining commercial power generation. It surpasses traditional fusion routes in all dimensions—principle structure, engineering implementation, safe operation and maintenance, and cost control—with no fundamental theoretical barriers, requiring only engineering iterations for implementation. (See attached image for external appearance.) Figure 3 )

[0005] The overall structure is a short, thick, cylindrical, straight cup-like structure. The top and bottom ends are cup-lid-type electrically controlled magnetic positive and negative electrodes. The electrodes employ a double-layer composite structure: an outer tungsten metal shell and an inner boron carbide ceramic insulating layer. The tungsten metal provides high-temperature resistance, resistance to high-energy particle impacts, and structural pressure protection, while the inner boron carbide ceramic layer provides complete electrical isolation, eliminating the risks of conductivity, leakage, and cross-current. It efficiently recovers fusion neutrons, reducing material irradiation damage. The electrode mating surfaces feature a T-shaped tenon and concave groove precision interlocking design. When energized, the electrically controlled electromagnet strongly attracts the electrodes, creating a seamless fit similar to a welded seal. After power is off, the electromagnet demagnetizes to a weak magnetic state, still retaining a slight attraction for positioning, but can be easily and non-destructively disassembled and removed, achieving modular and rapid assembly / disassembly. The materials can be iteratively upgraded according to actual operating conditions. The materials listed below are for reference only, mainly representing a breakthrough in small-scale nuclear fusion innovation methods that differ from traditional tokamak approaches and offer the potential for small-scale controlled fusion. (Materials can be referenced in the appendix.) Figure 4 )

[0006] At the center of the upper positive magnetic cap, an axially downward-spraying plasma shield generator is integrated, along with an integrated fuel inlet and an auxiliary plasma generator, forming a sealed feed channel that leads directly to the fusion reaction zone. This channel is used only for introducing protium, deuterium, and tritium fusion fuels. At the center of the lower negative magnetic electrode, an axially upward-spraying plasma shield generator is integrated, forming a vertically opposed arrangement with the upper generator to bidirectionally compress and lock the fusion core plasma.

[0007] The device can dynamically and synchronously adjust the magnetic attraction force of the upper and lower electrodes based on the output current, plasma pressure, and axial force data of the electrodes. This strictly ensures the balance of axial electromagnetic forces, preventing damage to the cylinder structure due to excessive force on one side or pressure imbalance. An independent vacuum insulation layer is added at the electrode-cylinder interface to prevent high-temperature conduction and demagnetization, and further blocks current flow. The device is symmetrically sealed, modular, and allows for quick assembly and disassembly. An independently height-adjustable circular cooling sleeve is provided externally. During operation, the sleeve rises, fully enveloping the main body for helium circulation cooling. During shutdown and maintenance, the sleeve descends and detaches from the main body without affecting maintenance operations. The fusion reaction directly outputs DC power, which is led out by the upper and lower magnetic electrodes and connected to an external energy storage tank for energy storage and power supply. The modular design solves the inherent problems of integrated tokamak systems, such as difficult disassembly, cumbersome maintenance, complex wiring, and high power consumption from external large-capacity connections—the main reasons why power consumption often exceeds power output. (For modular design, please refer to the appendix.) Figure 9 )

[0008] The inner wall of the middle section of the internal cylinder has pre-set dedicated mounting holes for an embedded and fixed annular plasma shield generator, which is arranged close to the periphery of the fusion reaction zone, forming a three-dimensional fully enclosed constraint loop with the upper and lower axially opposed plasma shield generators. The internal structure uses a spiral superconducting coil + three layers of vacuum insulation to construct a four-dimensional plasma confinement system, achieving all-round plasma locking, no dead angles, and no escape in any direction. The first, second, and third vacuum layers are each equipped with controllable valves, which are all locked and sealed during normal operation and opened simultaneously to release pressure and dissipate heat during shutdown. A dedicated helium shutdown inlet valve is independently set on the side, completely isolated from the fuel supply port and cooling system, and is only used for shutdown. The entire device is equipped with a high-precision computer intelligent control system (fusion-specific ECU) to achieve two-force balance, fuel supply, valve opening and closing, power adjustment, dynamic synchronous intensity adjustment of the upper, middle, and lower three-dimensional plasma shields, directional and stable power transmission control, plasma shield linkage, and fully automatic closed-loop control for safe shutdown.

[0009] Core ignition and operation logic: First, deuterium-tritium is used as the ignition medium, injected through the positive electrode feed port, and the particles are homogenized by the auxiliary plasma generator. Simultaneously, the upper and lower axial counter-impact plasma shield generators and the middle annular plasma shield generator are started to rapidly raise the temperature to reach the fusion critical conditions. After the cavity temperature, particle density, magnetic field confinement, and shield confinement are completely stable, it seamlessly switches to the protium self-sustaining fusion operation mode. (For the feed port, please refer to the appendix.) Figure 8 ) During the steady-state power generation and transmission phase, the ECU executes precise power transmission control logic: the axial plasma shield sprayed downwards from the upper end is gradually weakened, the axial plasma shield sprayed upwards from the lower end is gradually strengthened, and the annular plasma shield surrounding the middle section is simultaneously and slowly weakened. The three-dimensional constraints are coordinated and released, breaking the balance between the upper and lower sides, and guiding the charged particles generated by fusion to converge downwards in a directional, stable, and slow manner to the negative electrode. There is no impact, no sudden change, and no current surge, and the high-voltage direct current is smoothly output to achieve direct grid connection and transmission. The feed port continuously replenishes the feed in a small amount at a uniform speed, replenishing only what is burned, and precisely controlling the power generation from the source. The energy gain Q value is consistently greater than 1, which has the potential for continuous commercial power generation.

[0010] Fusion reaction zone → First vacuum layer (protects the plasma shield generator installed in the hole in the middle section of the cylinder, blocking direct impact from high-temperature particles; the electronically controlled valve is controlled by both ECU and computer) → Ring-shaped plasma shield generator (embedded and fixed in a dedicated opening on the inner wall of the middle section of the cylinder, uniformly squeezing and confining plasma inward) → Second vacuum insulation layer (blocks the outward conduction of high temperature; the electronically controlled valve is controlled by both ECU and computer) → Spiral high-temperature superconducting magnet (integrated and embedded in the bottom negative pole magnetic base, fixed to the negative pole and not disassembled with the inner cylinder; the inner cylinder is entirely fitted onto the outside of the magnet) → Third vacuum helium cooling layer (dedicated cooling cavity for the superconducting magnet; the electronically controlled valve is controlled by both ECU and computer) → Tungsten metal equipment shell (inner layer covered with ceramic insulation layer) Nested concentric circles: From the inside out. Main body of the cylinder. 1. Pure tungsten for the cylinder wall of the fusion reaction zone 2. First vacuum layer | Cylinder wall made of 316L low-temperature non-magnetic stainless steel 3. Plasma Shield Generator Layer | Alumina Ceramic on Cylinder Wall 4. Second vacuum layer | Cylinder wall made of 316L low-temperature non-magnetic stainless steel 5. Spiral High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet | Rebco Second Generation High-Temperature Superconductor + Helium Cooling Layer 6. Cylinder wall made of 316L low-temperature non-magnetic stainless steel. 7. Vacuum layer cylinder wall made of 316L low-temperature non-magnetic stainless steel 8. Zero-expansion microcrystalline glass + base made of 316L low-temperature non-magnetic stainless steel (external helium cooling cycle) (structural diagram attached) Figure 6 Note: Appendix Figure 1 Both 2 are conceptual diagrams, followed by 3D modeling diagrams. The actual structure is based on the 3D modeling diagrams, illustrating the conception and origin of the original idea.

[0011] First, open all valves 1, 2, 3, and 4 to ensure the air passage is open. First, charge / drain the innermost cavity (Cavity 1) → Once the target is reached, immediately turn off Cavity 1 (the inner layer is locked, preventing interference from the rear). Refill / extract from cavity #2 → Achieve target → Turn off cavity #2 Refill / extract from cavity #3 → Achieve target → Turn off cavity #3 Finally, fill / drain the outermost cavity #4 → Once the target is reached → Turn off cavity #4. The cooling system injects circulating cold helium into the third vacuum cooling layer through controllable valves to achieve full immersion constant temperature cooling of the superconducting magnet, ensuring the continuous stability of the superconducting state; the independent helium shut-off inlet on the side is separately connected to the fusion reaction zone and is not interconnected with the fuel delivery port or the vacuum layer pipeline, allowing for independent control throughout the process.

[0012] The upper and lower electrodes adopt an integrated design similar to a water cup lid, featuring a five-layer composite structure of electrically controlled magnetic attraction, axial plasma shield, conductive output, sealed pressure bearing, and insulating protection. This completely solves the five core problems of sealing, insulation, disassembly and assembly, balance, and plasma constraint. Outer structure: The outer shell is made of high-temperature resistant tungsten metal, which is hard, resistant to high temperature of fusion, resistant to high-energy particle sputtering, and pressure-resistant and deformation-resistant. As the main protective layer, it also has the functions of neutron moderation and radiation shielding. Inner structure: The inner side of the tungsten metal shell is fully covered with a high-temperature resistant boron carbide ceramic insulating layer, which allows the DC confinement magnetic field to completely penetrate and the current to be completely isolated, eliminating crosstalk between the power generation current and the magnetic attraction current, and preventing leakage and electric shock to the outside. Core functional structure of the axis: Each of the upper and lower electrodes has a set of axial plasma shield generators built into the center of the upper and lower electrodes. The upper end sprays downward and the lower end sprays upward, forming an axial collision and compression. When generating and transmitting electricity, the upper end automatically reduces the power and the lower end automatically increases the power, providing a precise axial thrust difference for directional power transmission. The electrode end face is equipped with a T-shaped tenon and a U-shaped groove for precise alignment and engagement. After fastening, it fits seamlessly, achieving an ultra-high vacuum sealing level in terms of airtightness, and the appearance is similar to a welded joint. Magnetic control: Built-in sealed high-temperature resistant electromagnet module generates strong magnetic attraction when powered on, locking and securing the parts to prevent displacement; after power is off, it switches to a weak magnetic state, retaining a slight attraction for positioning, allowing for easy disassembly and removal by hand. Functional division of labor: The inner core area of ​​the electrode is responsible for exporting fusion DC power and installing the axial plasma shield generator. The outer annular area is the magnetic locking and force balance area. The ceramic insulating layer completely separates the three major functions of conduction, shield, and magnetic attraction, so that they do not interfere with each other, have no crosstalk, and have no risk of failure.

[0013] Circumferential main constraint: The spiral superconducting magnet tightens inward in a ring shape, restraining the radial and lateral movement of the plasma in all directions and preventing lateral escape; Axial core confinement: The upper and lower electrode centers are axially opposed by a plasma shield generator, which vertically and bidirectionally squeezes and pressurizes the fusion core plasma, firmly clamping it in the center of the cavity. During the power generation and transmission phase, the upper shield is gradually weakened while the lower shield is gradually strengthened, forming an upward directional pressure gradient that guides the particles upward (as shown in the attached diagram). Figure 5 ); Circumferential reinforcement constraint: A ring-shaped plasma shield generator in the middle section of the cylinder forms a closed plasma barrier around the reaction zone; the constraint force is gradually weakened during power generation and transmission to reserve a stable channel for the lateral discharge of charged particles and avoid sudden increases and decreases in current. Space compression constraint: The three vacuum layers compress the fusion reaction space layer by layer, which greatly increases the particle collision density, lowers the temperature threshold of protium self-sustaining fusion, and weakens the difficulty of achieving extreme conditions; all vacuum layer valves are closed under normal circumstances to maintain a high vacuum environment; Safety protection constraints: upper and lower axial counter-shields + middle section annular closed-loop shield + multi-layer vacuum heat insulation + tungsten steel outer shell protection + ceramic full insulation, five-fold protection closed loop, completely blocking the leakage of high-energy particles, high-temperature thermal radiation, neutron radiation, and current leakage, and comprehensively ensuring the absolute safety of the external structure, control system and operating environment.

[0014] Electrical recirculation design: Based on the principle that conductors preferentially flow to those with lower resistance, electrodes with lower resistance preferentially flow through the main path. Excess circuit field is directly recirculated back to re-control the confinement, reducing the probability of direct output of agitated plasma and allowing for free recycling of the confined plasma. It also inherently generates a ring-shaped electric field for confinement. See the appendix for specific circuit recirculation details. Figure 7

[0015] Three layers of vacuum insulation provide layer-by-layer heat insulation, effectively blocking the high-temperature heat radiation of fusion and preventing heat damage to the external structure, electrical control module, and magnetic module. The third vacuum chamber is filled with circulating cold helium gas to fully enclose the superconducting magnet and provide immersion cooling without any dead angles. Precisely maintain the superconducting magnet within a constant temperature range of -180℃ to -200℃ to ensure stable superconducting performance, constant magnetic field strength, and no attenuation of confinement capability; Using protium self-sustaining fusion as the main route, the neutron yield during the reaction process is extremely low, with almost no damage from high-energy neutron irradiation. The superconducting magnet, tungsten steel shell, ceramic insulation layer, and plasma shield generator are free from neutron bombardment embrittlement, aging, and attenuation problems, and the device's service life is significantly better than that of traditional deuterium-tritium fusion devices. The cup-lid electrode can be detached after power failure to weaken the magnet, which facilitates regular maintenance, cleaning, inspection, and component replacement of the three sets of internal plasma shields, superconducting magnets, and vacuum chamber, further extending the actual service life of the whole machine. With its short, thick, round, straight, and symmetrical cylindrical structure, it experiences uniform stress distribution without stress concentration, exhibits no structural fatigue deformation during operation, and boasts excellent long-term operational stability.

[0016] Employing an industrial-grade high-speed microcontroller / micro industrial computer as the main control core, equivalent to the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and equipped with pressure sensors, temperature sensors, current and voltage sensors, magnetic field strength sensors, magnetic force detection modules, displacement alignment sensors, and particle density sensors, it collects real-time data of the entire equipment in milliseconds, enabling fully automatic closed-loop control and completely solving industry pain points such as difficulty in manual control, difficulty in balancing, slow response, and dangerous operation.

[0017] The system collects data on upper electrode pressure, lower electrode pressure, plasma pressure, electrode alignment offset, and cylinder deformation in real time. It dynamically adjusts the magnetic force output of the upper and lower electromagnets, automatically weakening the magnetic force on the side with higher pressure and automatically strengthening the magnetic force on the side with lower pressure. It maintains strict balance of axial force throughout the process, ensuring that the electrodes are centered and not offset, and that the axis is perfectly aligned, thus eliminating the risks of cylinder deformation, vacuum leakage, and reaction detonation.

[0018] Based on real-time feedback of fusion temperature, power generation, particle density, and shield constraint status, the system precisely controls the micro-volume, uniform injection of protium / deuterium / tritium fuel at the cathode feed port, achieving "replenishing as much as is burned"; when fusion is weak, the system automatically increases the fuel supply slightly to raise the temperature; when the power is overloaded, the system automatically and quickly reduces the fuel supply to stabilize the voltage, maintaining stable and self-sustaining combustion and preventing reaction shutdown or power runaway.

[0019] Ignition self-sustaining phase: The upper, lower and middle sets of plasma shields simultaneously exert high-intensity constraints, firmly locking the fusion core; During the stable power transmission phase: The ECU performs millisecond-level precise linkage control, with the output intensity of the upper axial shield gradually decreasing linearly, the output intensity of the lower axial shield gradually increasing linearly, and the output intensity of the middle ring shield decreasing synchronously and slowly. The three-dimensional constraints are coordinated and released to precisely form an upward particle flow gradient, achieving stable, slow, and controllable current output without impact, sudden changes, or surges, perfectly adapting to the power grid supply standard. Power regulation phase: The intensity of the three sets of plasma shields is synchronized to match the power generation demand, and the constraint intensity increases or decreases smoothly with the power.

[0020] It automatically matches the intensity of three sets of plasma shields, superconducting magnetic field output, and potential difference between upper and lower electrodes to precisely control the intensity of fusion reaction and DC power generation. It supports one-click switching between multiple modes, including low power for home use, standard power for industrial use, and high power for centralized power supply. Excess power is automatically stabilized and stored in an external energy storage tank, realizing the integration of power generation, energy storage, and power supply.

[0021] • Normal operation: The computer locks all valves in the three vacuum layers and closes all side helium shut-off valves to maintain a high vacuum seal in the cavity, while simultaneously maintaining the steady operation of the three sets of plasma shields, superconducting magnets, and cooling system. • One-click shutdown / overload protection / emergency power failure: The computer instantly triggers the ultimate safety command—opens the side helium shutdown valve, injects high-pressure cold helium into the reaction zone to force the flameout, and simultaneously opens all valves in the three vacuum layers to quickly depressurize, dissipate heat, and cool down. No manual intervention is required throughout the process, and the safe shutdown is executed with zero delay.

[0022] The system monitors the temperature of the superconducting coil, cylinder wall, electrode end face, and plasma shield generator end face in real time, and automatically adjusts the helium cooling flow rate, circulation speed, and cooling power to stably maintain the superconducting low temperature and the safe operating temperature range of the whole machine, thus avoiding superconducting failure, local overheating, and component ablation.

[0023] Start-up: Automatically energizes the electrode electromagnets to switch to strong magnetic locking mode, and simultaneously starts three sets of plasma shield generators, auxiliary plasma generators, and vacuum sealing program to complete the pre-run initialization of the whole machine; Shutdown and Cooling: The strong magnetic field is automatically switched to weak magnetic positioning, and the three sets of plasma shields are simultaneously shut down. After the whole machine has cooled down completely, it enters the disassembly and maintenance state.

[0024] Deuterium-tritium fuel is injected through the positive electrode feed port, and the auxiliary plasma generator is simultaneously activated to homogenize the particles. The computer automatically controls the upper and lower electrode electromagnets to be energized and magnetically locked, activating the three sets of plasma shield generators: the upper one pointing downwards, the lower one pointing upwards, and the middle ring. This tightens the constraint strength in all dimensions, increases the vacuum level and particle density of the cavity, and rapidly ignites the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction, completing the initial energy gain. All valves in the three vacuum layers remain closed and locked, the side helium shutdown valve is closed, and the cooling system preheats and starts.

[0025] After the deuterium-tritium ignition is completed and the cavity temperature, particle density, magnetic field confinement, and shield confinement are all stabilized and meet the standards, the computer automatically switches the fuel at the feed port to pure protium and continuously replenishes it in small, uniform amounts. The strength of the three sets of plasma shields, the output of the superconducting magnetic field, and the magnetic attraction force and potential difference of the upper and lower electrodes are dynamically linked and adjusted to always maintain absolute balance of the two axial forces, and prevent plasma instability and escape. Entering stable power transmission mode: The ECU automatically executes the three-layer shield synchronous adjustment logic, the upper axial shield is slowly and linearly weakened, the lower axial shield is slowly and linearly strengthened, and the middle ring shield is synchronously and slowly and linearly weakened, guiding charged particles to be directed downwards and smoothly discharged DC power, achieving continuous and stable commercial power generation; the three-layer vacuum valve is closed throughout, the side shutdown helium valve remains closed, the cooling system operates at full speed and constant temperature, and the ECU is fully closed-loop unattended control.

[0026] When power needs to be increased, the protium fuel supply is increased slightly, the constraint of the three sets of plasma shields is strengthened, the superconducting magnetic field strength is increased, and the particle collision frequency and reaction intensity are increased. When power needs to be reduced, the fuel supply is reduced and the constraint strength is weakened to smoothly adjust the power generation without reaction interruption, sudden power change, or constraint failure.

[0027] In the event of normal shutdown, power overload protection, sudden emergency power failure, superconductivity failure, vacuum leakage, or system fault alarm, the computer ECU immediately triggers the ultimate safety program, executing triple fallback actions simultaneously without delay to completely eliminate the risks of fusion runaway, high-temperature smoldering, cavity overpressure, explosion, and radiation leakage. Forced shutdown action: Open the dedicated helium gas shutdown inlet valve on the side to inject high-pressure low-temperature helium gas into the fusion core reaction zone at high speed, which rapidly cools the plasma, instantly breaks the fusion reaction chain, and completely terminates fusion combustion. Pressure relief and heat dissipation action: Simultaneously open all independent valves of the three vacuum layers to quickly release the internal pressure of the cavity, and remove all residual heat through airflow to achieve rapid cooling and no residual smoldering; System reset action: Simultaneously cut off the power supply to the three sets of plasma shields and superconducting magnets, and delay the cooling system until the overall temperature of the machine returns to zero; Modular maintenance procedures: After complete cooling, the electrode electromagnet automatically switches from strong magnetic to weak magnetic positioning state, retaining a small amount of positioning attraction to prevent misalignment. The upper and lower cup-shaped electrodes can be easily disassembled, and the fusion core unit can be extracted as a whole for maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and component replacement of the three sets of plasma shield generators, superconducting magnets, vacuum chambers, and fuel channels. The fuel delivery channels and vacuum chambers can be independently disassembled and cleaned to avoid fuel residue and impurities clogging the system, ensuring the sealing and constraint stability for repeated operation.

[0028] This device has no radioactive nuclear waste residue, no high-pressure detonation risk, no nuclear leakage hazard, and no risk of runaway chain reaction. The shutdown process is fully proactive, fully controllable, and fully automatic, and its safety fully meets the access standards for civilian, commercial, and miniaturized scenarios.

[0029] The original configuration is extremely simple and stable: the short, thick, round, straight, cup-shaped integrated symmetrical design eliminates the complex ring structure of the tokamak and the twisted non-standard structure of the stellarator. The mechanical symmetry and structural stability are maximized, and the difficulty of machining, assembly, and precision control is reduced exponentially. The degree of modularity far exceeds that of traditional fusion devices.

[0030] Three-dimensional plasma shield closed loop + precise control of directional power transmission: The original three-group plasma shield with upper axial downward + lower axial upward + middle ring fully encloses and constrains the power generation, and innovatively realizes three-dimensional dynamic coordinated control of upper weakening, lower strengthening and ring synchronous weakening. It perfectly solves the world-class problem of stable directional power transmission in fusion power generation. The constraint efficiency and power generation stability completely surpass the existing technical routes.

[0031] Magnetic sealing and maintenance are perfectly combined: T-shaped tenon and mortise interlocking + electric magnetic locking + three-layer vacuum sealing. When powered on, the sealing level exceeds that of fixed welded structures. When powered off and the magnetic field is weak, it can be disassembled without damage. At the same time, it solves the two major industry pain points of "ultra-high vacuum sealing" and "convenient modular maintenance".

[0032] The magnetoelectric shield is completely isolated and insulated: the tungsten steel radiation-resistant outer shell and the inner ceramic full-wrap insulation enable the confined magnetic field to penetrate freely, the plasma shield to operate independently, and the conductive output to be completely isolated, eliminating the risks of cross-current, leakage, short circuit, electric shock, and functional interference from the structural source.

[0033] Intelligent ECU enables unattended commercialization: Vehicle-grade fusion-specific ECU transforms millisecond-level axial two-force balance, three-protection shield synchronous linkage power transmission control, micro-precise material replenishment, and ultra-fast safe shutdown—all functions that are impossible to achieve manually—into basic automatic functions. Operation is simplified, operation is unmanned, and protection is proactive, completely eliminating the reliance of fusion devices on highly specialized and complex manual operations.

[0034] Protium self-sustaining low-irradiation ultra-long lifespan: Using protium (hydrogen), which has infinite reserves in the universe and extremely low acquisition costs, as the core fuel, protium fusion produces very few neutrons and has no serious material irradiation damage. The overall lifespan, operation and maintenance costs, and environmental safety are fully adapted to civilian commercial use, completely eliminating the drawbacks of traditional deuterium-tritium fusion, such as high irradiation, short lifespan, high pollution, and high operation and maintenance costs.

[0035] High-efficiency DC power generation with zero loss: The fusion reaction directly outputs high-voltage DC power without the need for AC-DC conversion or complex frequency conversion and inverter. The energy conversion loss is extremely low. It can be directly connected to energy storage and power supply terminals. Its size can be reduced to the size of a washing machine or a household cabinet. It is suitable for multiple scenarios such as household, small industrial, vehicle, remote area power supply, and aerospace, completely breaking away from the limitations of traditional fusion reactors being giant, power station-like, and immobile.

[0036] Full-scenario safety guarantee with no major risks: independent emergency shutdown circuit + multi-layer vacuum synchronous depressurization + three-maintenance shield linkage shutdown + electronically controlled magnetic attraction strong and weak magnetic switching, four ultimate safety guarantees, no nuclear leakage, no detonation, no runaway fission, no persistent radioactive pollution, and the operation and maintenance threshold, safety standards, and implementation costs fully meet the requirements of civilian industrialization.

[0037] The protium fusion reaction has a low cross-section, which places extremely high demands on the coaxiality of the three sets of plasma shields, the uniformity of output, the precision of the superconducting magnetic field, and the precision of the alignment of the axis. Multiple rounds of experiments are needed to finely adjust the parameters. The upper and lower axial plasma shield nozzles, the middle section annular shield end face, and the periphery of the positive electrode feed port are subjected to continuous scouring by high-energy particles for a long time. Therefore, high-end special materials that are resistant to high temperature, sputtering, and radiation must be selected to ensure long-term operational stability. The low-temperature constant temperature control of superconducting magnets, the millisecond-level three-maintenance shield synchronous power transmission regulation of ECU + magnetic force two-force balance collaborative control, the synchronous execution of multi-layer vacuum valves, the precise and uniform fuel replenishment at a micro speed, and the rapid and lossless switching of strong and weak magnetic fields of electromagnets require deep collaboration between high-precision sensing modules, high-speed industrial control systems and servo actuators. Seamless switching from deuterium-tritium ignition to protium self-sustaining, synchronous and stable power transmission with three-dimensional shields, steady-state self-sustaining response, and continuous and stable Q-value maintenance require the establishment of dedicated control logic and operating condition database, and gradual completion of experimental iteration and optimization.

[0038] The above are all engineering implementation issues related to engineering parameter optimization, special material selection, high-precision electronic control integration, and test data debugging. There are no fundamental structural flaws or physical law barriers. These issues can be gradually and completely resolved through subsequent experiments, simulations, and prototype iterations, and there is a clear and feasible R&D implementation path. Attached Figure Description Figure 1: A conceptual schematic diagram of the overall structure of the controllable nuclear fusion confinement device of the present invention (not a detailed modeled and fabricated drawing), showing the overall shape of the device, its vertically layered structure, and the overall layout of the outer shell, upper and lower ion shield generators, superconducting coils, helium-cooled protective layer, magnetic base, and 50cm cylindrical cavity. Figure 2: A conceptual schematic diagram (not a detailed modeling drawing) of the 360° liftable helium-cooled sealing cap cooling device of the present invention, showing the overall arrangement of the lifting structure, sealing cavity, spiral heat exchange pipeline, and flange sealing structure. Figure 3: A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the controlled nuclear fusion confinement device of the present invention, including a front sectional view, a side sectional view, and an external side view, used to show the overall shape and longitudinal layered outline of the device. Figure 4: A longitudinal cross-sectional material labeling diagram of the entire invention, showing the numbering and labeling of components such as the upper and lower magnetic attractors, superconducting excitation layer, insulating barrier layer, fusion reaction chamber, independent helium cooling circulation pipeline, and feeding and storage chamber. Figure 5: A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional modeling structure of the cylinder from a top view, including an internal sectional view, a top view, and a top cross-sectional view, used to demonstrate the radial multi-layer nested layout of the device. Figure 6: A layered structural diagram of the material and functional area of ​​the present invention, with each layer labeled with its structure, materials, and functional zones. Figure 7: A cross-sectional view of the current flow in the upper-stage superconducting circuit of this invention, showing the insulation / conductivity properties of each numbered component, the current flow arrows, the arrangement of the upper-stage annular excitation circuit, and the nitrogen-cooled interlayer and vacuum isolation structure. Figure 8: A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the gas-to-gas feeding silo module of the present invention, showing the arrangement of the sealed feeding silo and fuel outlet, combined with upper and lower double constriction and a ring magnetic field to complete fusion ignition. The feeding silo serves as a gas injection port, used to direct the nozzle towards the reaction core for injection. Figure 9: A three-dimensional structural diagram of the modular and detachable whole machine of the present invention, showing the external structure of the split cylinder, magnetic top cover, and external cooling interface. Figure 10: A dual-structure cross-sectional view of the pulse ignition and pulse discharge modes of the present invention, showing the airflow direction, electrode and magnet arrangement in the cavity, and corresponding pulse reciprocating working structure. Figure 11: A cross-sectional view of the internal airflow circulation channel of the present invention, showing a reciprocating airflow path for impurity discharge and heat exchange within the cavity. The inner cylinder is partially sealed and isolated from the external cylinder's 360-degree helium-cooled and helium-ash structure, preventing heat exchange. To avoid the risk of superconductivity failure due to impurities, the gas valve is only opened to the center of the reaction chamber for shutdown when the system is turned off.

Claims

1. A short, thick cylindrical, three-layer vacuum segmented magnetic field deuterium-tritium ignition self-sustaining controllable nuclear fusion power generation device, characterized in that, include: A short, thick cylindrical body in the shape of a water cup, the diameter of the cylindrical body is 50cm; the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical body are respectively provided with a positive nuclear magnetic magnetic cap and a negative ion shield electrode, and the upper and lower electrodes adopt an electrically controlled magnetic sealing structure. The inner side of the cylindrical body is equipped with a superconducting enhancement coil, and the coil is surrounded by three layers of vacuum insulation; a ring-shaped plasma shield generator is installed inside the cylinder. The cylinder is equipped with a helium-cooled cooling sleeve that can be raised and lowered 360°. It also includes a dedicated ECU intelligent control system for fusion, used to dynamically adjust the magnetic attraction force of the electrodes, fuel supply, valve switching and power control.

2. The controllable nuclear fusion power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive electrode nuclear magnetic magnetic cap and the negative electrode ion shield electrode adopt a composite structure of tungsten metal shell and boron carbide ceramic inner layer to achieve high temperature resistance and electrical isolation.

3. The controllable nuclear fusion power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the upper and lower electrodes is a T-shaped tenon-and-groove precision interlocking structure, which can be sealed by electromagnetic attraction and disassembled without damage when the power is off.

4. The controllable nuclear fusion power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the three vacuum insulation layers is equipped with an independent controllable valve, which locks and seals during normal operation and releases pressure and dissipates heat synchronously when the machine is turned off.

5. The controllable nuclear fusion power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device is triggered by deuterium-tritium ignition to achieve a self-sustaining protium fusion reaction, and direct current is directly output from the electrodes and connected to the energy storage tank for energy supply.

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