An electric switch

Abstract

This invention discloses an electric switch, comprising an insulating shell, a first power terminal, a second power terminal, and an operating mechanism, a rotating shaft, a moving contact, and a stationary contact arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the height of the switch. An arc-extinguishing chamber is arranged below and / or to one side of the moving contact. The moving contact point faces the bottom of the shell. The stationary contact is configured with a bent angle to generate current in the opposite direction to that of the moving contact. The operating mechanism is provided with a lower connecting rod, and the rotating shaft is provided with a drive connection part. The drive connection part is located on the rotating shaft facing the second power terminal or the first power terminal. After the lower connecting rod is connected to the drive connection part, clockwise movement is for power on and counterclockwise movement is for power off. The electric arc generated during power off is directed towards the second power terminal. Alternatively, after the lower connecting rod is connected to the drive connection part, counterclockwise movement is for power on and clockwise movement is for power off. The electric arc generated during power off is directed towards the first power terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-voltage electrical appliances, and more specifically to an electrical switch. Background Technology

[0002] An electrical switch is a very important power distribution device used to connect and disconnect power transmission and distribution lines, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the current internal structure layout of existing switches on the market is basically in the following order along the length of the switch: stationary contact, arc-extinguishing chamber, moving contact, operating mechanism, and output terminal. The drawback is that this arrangement results in a longer conductive circuit, which increases the amount of conductive material used, increases the internal resistance of the switch, increases power consumption, and leads to a higher temperature rise, which is not conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0003] Meanwhile, the arc outlet of existing switches is generally located at the power inlet end, and the arc channel inside the switch is relatively short. Under short-circuit breaking conditions, a huge arc will be generated. Switches are generally used in distribution cabinets. Inside the cabinet, the arc can easily damage the external insulation of the busbar on the switch inlet side, and even cause phase-to-phase short circuits in the busbar. In severe cases, it can cause major safety accidents such as fires, posing very serious hazards to people and equipment. At present, in order to solve this problem, the usual method is to add phase-to-phase insulation plates, lengthen the copper busbar at the switch inlet end, and increase the distance between the switch and the main busbar. This increases the manufacturing cost of the distribution cabinet and causes serious waste of resources.

[0004] Switches in distribution cabinets primarily distribute electrical energy. With the development of science and technology, the system capacity of distribution cabinets is constantly increasing, thus requiring an increasing number of switches for power distribution within the cabinet. Due to the long length of existing switches, it is difficult to accommodate more switches within the limited cabinet space. Current solutions generally involve increasing the cabinet space or the number of cabinets, which increases the manufacturing cost of power transmission and distribution equipment and results in serious waste of resources.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of switchgear to reduce the amount of conductive material used in the switch, reduce secondary short circuit accidents caused by electric arcs, solve the problem of the increased demand for the number of switches in the power distribution cabinet and the large amount of conductive material used, and find a way to arrange the arc-extinguishing chamber and more grid plates within the limited volume of the switch to improve the breaking capacity of the product, save structural costs, and innovate a switch technology with faster opening and closing speed of the operating mechanism. Meeting the stringent requirements of the new power system for switchgear such as small size, high breaking capacity, and zero arcing has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above background, the present invention provides an electrical switch that, through innovation in the operating mechanism and by arranging the operating mechanism, rotating shaft, moving contact, arc-extinguishing chamber, and other internal components in a certain pattern, reduces the length of the switch's conductive circuit and the amount of copper busbars used in the distribution cabinet, so that when the switch is disconnected, there is no or little arcing at the incoming line end, effectively solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] This application discloses an electrical switch, which includes at least an insulating housing and components disposed within the insulating housing. The components include at least an operating mechanism, a rotating shaft supporting a moving contact, a stationary contact, an arc-extinguishing chamber, a first power supply terminal, and a second power supply terminal. The operating mechanism, the rotating shaft, the moving contact, and the stationary contact are arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the height of the switch. The arc-extinguishing chamber is disposed below and / or to one side of the moving contact. One end of the moving contact is provided with an alloy contact, and the end with the alloy contact faces the bottom of the insulating housing. The stationary contact is configured with a bent angle, forming a current in the opposite direction to that of the moving contact, and is disposed on the insulating housing. The operating mechanism is provided with at least a lower connecting rod, and the rotating shaft is provided with at least... The device includes a drive connection part; the drive connection part is located on a rotating shaft facing the second power supply end or on a rotating shaft facing the first power supply end. When the stationary contact is located at or near the first power supply end, the lower connecting rod, after being connected to the drive connection part, rotates clockwise to connect the power and rotates counterclockwise to disconnect the power. The electric arc generated during the disconnection is directed towards the second power supply end. Alternatively, when the stationary contact is located below the operating mechanism or in the middle of the switch, the lower connecting rod, after being connected to the drive connection part, rotates counterclockwise to connect the power and rotates clockwise to disconnect the power. The electric arc generated during the disconnection is directed towards the first power supply end. The operating mechanism includes at least an elastic element, a lever, a bracket, and a linkage assembly. The lever has at least a fulcrum, a drive unit, and a connecting member for the elastic element. The rotation center of the fulcrum is a first center. The bracket is mounted on an insulating shell and has at least a receiving part. The fulcrum is movably connected to the receiving part. The linkage assembly includes at least an upper linkage, a lower linkage, a first shaft connecting the upper and lower linkages, and a second shaft connecting the lower linkage to a drive connection part located in the direction facing the first power source. After the lower linkage is connected to the drive connection part, counterclockwise movement connects to the power supply, and clockwise movement disconnects the power supply. Alternatively, the operating mechanism includes at least an elastic element, a lever, a bracket, and a linkage. The component includes a lever with at least a fulcrum, a drive unit, and a connecting member for an elastic element. The rotation center of the fulcrum is a first center. The bracket is mounted on an insulating shell and has at least a receiving part and a guide groove. The fulcrum is movably connected to the receiving part. The linkage assembly includes at least an upper linkage, an intermediate linkage, a lower linkage, a first shaft connecting the upper linkage and the intermediate linkage, a second shaft connecting the intermediate linkage and the lower linkage and moving up and down within the guide groove on the bracket, and a third shaft connecting the lower linkage and a drive connection part disposed in the direction facing the second power supply end. After the lower linkage is connected to the drive connection part, clockwise movement is for power-on operation, and counterclockwise movement is for power-off operation.

[0008] In this manner, the operating mechanism, rotating shaft, moving contact, arc-extinguishing chamber, and / or stationary contact are arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the switch height. This innovative internal structural layout effectively utilizes the space along the switch height, significantly shortening the length of the switch's conductive circuit, greatly reducing the amount of conductive material used and the main circuit resistance, while also significantly reducing the switch's temperature rise. With the switch length shortened, more switches can be installed in a distribution cabinet of the same size, significantly saving installation space and the amount of copper busbars used within the cabinet. This also greatly improves manual installation efficiency, reduces labor hours, and lowers the manufacturing cost of the power distribution equipment, thus bringing significant economic value.

[0009] The stationary contact is configured with a bent angle and forms a current in the opposite direction to that of the moving contact, and is disposed on the insulating shell. A repulsive electrodynamic force is generated between the moving contact and the stationary contact. Under the action of the electrodynamic repulsive force, the electric arc generated by the break accelerates away from the contact point and enters the arc extinguishing chamber. The electric arc is divided into multiple short arcs by the grid plate, which accelerates the cooling and extinguishing of the electric arc.

[0010] The operating mechanism includes at least an elastic element, a lever, a bracket, and a linkage assembly. The lever is equipped with at least a fulcrum, a driving part, and a connecting part for the elastic element. The rotation center of the fulcrum is a first center. The bracket is mounted on an insulating shell and has a guide groove and a receiving part. The fulcrum is movably mounted on the receiving part. These components constitute a multi-link mechanism. With the rotation center of the lever fulcrum as the first center, the linkage mechanism moves through the connecting part of the elastic element, thereby completing the switching on and off of electrical circuits.

[0011] In some embodiments, the linkage assembly includes at least an upper linkage, a lower linkage, a first shaft connecting the upper linkage and the lower linkage, and a second shaft connecting the lower linkage and the drive connection portion disposed in the direction toward the first power supply end. The linkage assembly in this embodiment is consistent with the linkage assembly of a conventional mechanism. The drive connection portion is disposed on a rotating shaft in the direction toward the first power supply end. After the lower linkage is connected to the drive connection portion through the second shaft, it performs counterclockwise movement to turn on the power and clockwise movement to turn off the power. The difference is that by changing the connection point between the lower linkage and the drive connection portion of the rotating shaft, the stationary contact is disposed below the operating mechanism or in the middle of the switch, so that the arc-extinguishing chamber can be partially arranged at the bottom of the switch, effectively utilizing the space at the bottom and saving the length space of the switch portion.

[0012] In some embodiments, the linkage assembly includes at least an upper linkage, an intermediate linkage, a lower linkage, a first shaft connecting the upper linkage and the intermediate linkage, a second shaft connecting the intermediate linkage and the lower linkage and moving up and down within a guide groove on the bracket, and a third shaft connecting the lower linkage and a drive connection portion disposed in the direction towards the second power supply end. By adding an intermediate linkage, providing a guide groove on the bracket, and coordinating the positions of the third shaft and the drive connection portion on the rotating shaft, the movement direction of the moving contact is changed. The drive connection portion is disposed on the rotating shaft in the direction towards the second power supply end, causing the rotating shaft to rotate clockwise when closing and counterclockwise when opening, which is exactly opposite to the movement direction of the existing switch. The electric arc generated when the power is disconnected is sprayed towards the second power supply end. The stationary contact is disposed in the third quadrant. When opening, the moving contact moves from the third quadrant to the fourth quadrant; when closing, the moving contact moves from the fourth quadrant to the third quadrant. In this way, the stationary contact is still located at or near the incoming line end, and the moving contact moves horizontally to the right of the stationary contact. When the switch is broken, the electric arc generated moves horizontally towards the outgoing line end or horizontally towards the incoming line end. By adopting advanced arc extinguishing methods, the goal of eliminating or reducing the number of flying arcs at the incoming line end and reducing the arc spray distance can be achieved.

[0013] In some embodiments, the rotation center of the lever's fulcrum is the first center, and the rotation center of the connecting shaft of the rotating shaft is the second center. The line connecting the first center and the second center passes through the guide groove, is tangent to the guide groove, or is no more than 3mm away from one end of the guide groove. A coordinate system is established with the first center as the origin. The guide groove and the second center are located in the third quadrant. When closing, the drive connection part is in the third quadrant; when opening, the drive connection part is in the third or fourth quadrant, or partly in the third quadrant and partly in the fourth quadrant. The second center is located to the left of the extension line connecting the upper and lower centers of the guide groove. These key position settings minimize the length occupied by the operating mechanism and the rotating shaft in the direction of the switch's conductive circuit, significantly reducing the overall length of the switch in the direction of the conductive circuit. They also ensure the stability of the operating mechanism's opening and closing movements, increase the angle of the rotating shaft's movement during opening and closing, i.e., increase the opening distance between the moving and stationary contacts when the switch is opened, which is beneficial for extinguishing the arc during disconnection and improves the switch's short-circuit breaking capacity. In the above embodiments, the stationary contact is located in the third quadrant, i.e., at or near the first power supply terminal.

[0014] In some embodiments, the bracket is provided with a guide groove, which is arc-shaped and extends approximately along the height direction of the switch. The second shaft is sleeved at one end of the intermediate connecting rod connected to the lower connecting rod, and the second shaft moves up and down within the guide groove. The upper and lower ends of the guide groove are the limit points of the second shaft when the switch is opened and closed, respectively. The guide groove controls the movement trajectory of the second shaft, ensuring the stability of the opening and closing movements of the operating mechanism and minimizing the space occupied by the operating mechanism in the length direction.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the circuit is opened, the moving contact moves from the third quadrant to the fourth quadrant, and when the circuit is closed, the moving contact moves from the fourth quadrant to the third quadrant.

[0016] In some embodiments, an insulating cover is provided on the moving contact and / or the stationary contact. Providing an insulating cover on the moving and stationary contacts prevents the electric arc generated when the switch is broken from damaging the moving and stationary contacts, and also prevents the arc from reigniting when the distance is very small.

[0017] In some embodiments, the arc-extinguishing chamber is an assembly of several metal grids spaced apart on an arc-isolating wall. The arc-extinguishing chamber is placed horizontally or inclined to the X-axis direction of the switch below the moving contact, with one end adjacent to the bottom of the stationary contact and the other end extending towards the outlet of the switch. In some embodiments, the arc-extinguishing chamber is L-shaped, including a transverse arc-extinguishing section extending along the X-axis and a vertical arc-extinguishing section extending along the Y-axis. The transverse arc-extinguishing section is arranged below the moving contact, and the vertical arc-extinguishing section is arranged to the left of the rotating shaft and the moving contact. Both of the above embodiments can make full use of the length of the switch to arrange more metal grids. The metal grids cut the arc into several short arc segments, and by utilizing the near-cathode effect of the AC arc, the arc voltage is increased to accelerate the arc extinguishing. It has strong current-limiting capability and can interrupt larger short-circuit currents.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] The main innovations of this invention are: higher performance, greater safety, greater economy, and social value.

[0020] 1. Higher performance

[0021] The electric switch of the present invention has an operating mechanism, a rotating shaft, a moving contact, and a stationary contact arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the height direction of the switch. The arc-extinguishing chamber is arranged below or at least on one side of the moving contact. This innovative internal structural layout can significantly shorten the length of the conductive circuit of the switch, significantly reduce the amount of conductive material used and the resistance of the main circuit of the switch, and also greatly reduce the temperature rise of the switch. Compared with the temperature rise of existing switches, the temperature rise at the terminals of the switch of the present invention can be reduced by about 8k-10k.

[0022] The arc-extinguishing chamber of this invention is positioned horizontally or inclined along the X-axis of the switch below the moving contact, with one end adjacent to the bottom of the stationary contact and the other end extending towards the output terminal. Alternatively, the L-shaped arc-extinguishing chamber includes a transverse arc-extinguishing section extending along the X-axis and a vertical arc-extinguishing section extending along the Y-axis. The transverse arc-extinguishing chamber is positioned below the moving contact, and the vertical arc-extinguishing section is positioned to the left of the moving contact. All of the above technical solutions can make full use of the space along the length of the switch to arrange a longer arc-extinguishing chamber. The length of the arc-extinguishing chamber can be increased to 1.5-2 times that of existing switches, thereby allowing for the arrangement of more arc-extinguishing grids. The arc-extinguishing grids are made of metal and cut the arc into several short arc segments. By utilizing the near-cathode effect of the AC arc, the arc voltage is increased to accelerate the arc extinguishing. It has strong current-limiting capability and can interrupt larger short-circuit currents.

[0023] In addition, the design of the upper, middle and lower connecting rods increases the rotation angle of the shaft during opening and closing to about 76.5 degrees. The rotation angle of conventional switch moving contacts on the market during opening and closing is only about 60 degrees. Therefore, the opening distance of the switch can still be increased when the moving contact arm is shortened. Increasing the opening distance is a key measure to improve the breaking capacity.

[0024] In the switch of this invention, the upper connecting rod rotates at an angle of approximately 33.5 degrees when opening and closing. Currently, in existing switches, the rotation angle of the upper connecting rod when opening and closing is between 40 and 45 degrees. This invention reduces the rotation angle, which in turn reduces the travel distance of the upper connecting rod when opening and closing, shortens the opening and closing movement time of the operating mechanism, increases the opening and closing speed of the operating mechanism, and shortens the opening time of the operating mechanism, which is also another key measure to improve the breaking capacity.

[0025] 2. Enhanced security

[0026] The operating mechanism employs a five-bar linkage (existing switches primarily use four-bar linkages). By adding a connecting rod, installing a guide groove on the bracket, and coordinating the position of the drive connection on the rotating shaft, the direction of movement of the moving contact is altered. This causes the rotating shaft to rotate clockwise when closing and counterclockwise when opening (the opposite is true for existing four-bar linkage switches). In this way, the stationary contact remains located at the incoming end, while the moving contact moves horizontally to the right of the stationary contact. The arc generated when the switch is opened moves horizontally towards the outgoing end or vice versa. Advanced arc-extinguishing methods are employed to achieve zero or minimal arcing at the incoming end and reduce the arc spray distance. Zero or minimal arcing can be achieved at the switch's incoming and outgoing ends without the need for additional arc-extinguishing devices, completely resolving the phase-to-phase short-circuit faults frequently caused by arcing at the switch's incoming and outgoing ends.

[0027] 3. More economical

[0028] By arranging the operating mechanism, rotating shaft, and arc-extinguishing chamber sequentially along the switch's height from top to bottom, the length of the switch's conductive circuit can be significantly shortened. Currently, for example, the length of a standard 250A frame switch in the industry is 165mm; after the reduction, the length is only 115mm. The main conductive circuit of a switch generally consists of three parts: the copper busbar at the inlet, the moving contact assembly, and the copper busbar at the outlet. Each of these three parts accounts for approximately 1 / 3 of the copper usage. Assuming the weight of the copper busbar at the inlet is 1g, the total copper usage is 3g. After the improvement, the copper busbar at the inlet is shortened by half to 1 / 2g, and the moving contact assembly is reduced by half to 1 / 2g. Therefore, the improved copper usage is 1 / 2g + 1 / 2g + G = 2g. The percentage reduction in copper usage after the improvement is (3g - 2g) / 3g = 33.3%. The global annual production value of switches is approximately 18 billion RMB, with current housings ranging from 100A to 800A being the mainstream. This invention can be used on all product lines, and the cost of a 250A switch is roughly equal to the average cost of all housing products. Based on the comprehensive annual production value and cost estimates for products of various current housing levels, and referring to statistics from various professional media sources, the annual production volume of switches exceeds 200 million units. Therefore, the value of copper material directly saved by applying this invention to switches is calculated as follows (taking the cost of a 250A product as an example):

[0029] The value of copper material = (22*4*22 + 22*4*22 + 121*35) mm 3 (Volume at the original switch length)

[0030] *0.0089g / mm 3 (Density) * 0.078 yuan / g (copper price of the day) * 3 (three phases) * 0.333 (saving rate) * 200 million (units) = 5.62 * 2 = 1.12 billion yuan (RMB). This innovation brings direct value to society of up to several billion yuan.

[0031] 4. Social value

[0032] This invention's small-volume ultra-short circuit breaker also brings technological innovation and cost savings to low-voltage electrical equipment. As a key functional component in distribution cabinets, it features zero or minimal arc flash, reducing the safety distance between the switch and the main busbar within the cabinet. This significantly saves installation space within the equipment, allowing for a reduction in the size of the previously bulky distribution cabinet, or enabling more switches to be installed in the same cabinet size, increasing the number of distribution circuits. This not only directly reduces the manufacturing cost of the distribution cabinet but also saves space during installation, minimizing energy consumption, thereby reducing carbon dioxide emissions and lowering operating costs. It improves operational efficiency and sustainability across various industries, helping customers optimize their system solutions for greater ease and efficiency. This technological innovation in the switch directly or indirectly brings significant social value and greatly promotes social development. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure layout of a switch in the prior art;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical switch in the closed state according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical switch in the open state according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical switch in the tripped state according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the operating mechanism;

[0039] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the middle connecting rod assembly;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the lever structure;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure;

[0042] Figure 9for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection between the central rotating shaft, the moving contact, and the lower connecting rod;

[0043] Figure 10 A quadrant diagram showing the tripped state of the operating mechanism;

[0044] Figure 11 A quadrant diagram showing the closed state of the operating mechanism;

[0045] Figure 12 A quadrant diagram showing the tripping state of an operating mechanism with a different structure;

[0046] Figure 13 A quadrant diagram showing the closed state of an operating mechanism with a different structure;

[0047] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the operating mechanism in the disengaged state;

[0048] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the operating mechanism in the closed state;

[0049] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the operating mechanism in the open state;

[0050] Figure 17 A simplified diagram showing the linkage position relationship of the operating mechanism in the closed and open states;

[0051] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-extinguishing chamber.

[0052] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric switch according to another specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-extinguishing chamber according to another specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric switch according to another specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-extinguishing chamber according to another specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 23 for Figure 21 A schematic diagram of the middle connecting rod assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some embodiments of this invention, but not all embodiments.

[0058] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "inner," "outer," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0059] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4 This invention discloses an electrical switch 1000, which includes at least an insulating housing 3 and components disposed within the insulating housing 3. The components include at least an operating mechanism 1, a rotating shaft 2 supporting a moving contact, a stationary contact 4, an arc-extinguishing chamber 5, a moving contact 6, a first power supply terminal 7, and a second power supply terminal 8. The operating mechanism 1, rotating shaft 2, moving contact 6, and arc-extinguishing chamber 5 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the height direction of the switch. The arc-extinguishing chamber 5 is located below the moving contact. The stationary contact 4 is connected to the first power supply terminal 7 and is located to the left of the moving contact 2. The electrical switch effectively utilizes the space in its height direction, reduces the length of the switch, thereby reducing the amount of conductive material used, reducing the internal resistance of the switch, and lowering the temperature rise of the switch.

[0062] Please refer to Figures 4 to 8The operating mechanism 1 includes at least an elastic element 10, a lever 11, a bracket 12, and a connecting rod assembly 13. The lever 11 is provided with at least a fulcrum 1101, a driving part 1102, and a hook-on part 1103 for the elastic element. The bracket 12 is provided with holes for fixing, allowing it to be fixed to the insulating shell 3 with fasteners. The bracket 12 is provided with a guide groove 1202 and a receiving part 1201. The guide groove 1202 is arc-shaped and extends approximately along the height direction of the switch. The receiving part 1201 is a rotating shaft, with both ends rotatably disposed within semi-circular grooves on the side plates of the bracket 12 and rotating within these grooves. The fulcrum 1101 is a semi-circular groove, movably disposed on the receiving part 1201, and the rotation center of the fulcrum 1101 is a first center 11011. One end of the elastic element 10 is hooked onto the hook-on part 1103, and the other end is hooked onto the first shaft 16.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 The linkage assembly 13 includes an upper linkage 14, an intermediate linkage 15, a lower linkage 9, a first shaft 16 for connecting the upper linkage and the intermediate linkage, and a second shaft 17 for connecting the intermediate linkage 15 and the lower linkage 9, which are rotatably connected in sequence. The second shaft 17 passes through the guide grooves 1202 on both sides of the bracket and can move up and down in the guide grooves 1202.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The rotating shaft 2 is provided with a drive connection part 201, a moving contact support part 202, and a connecting shaft 203. The drive connection part 201 can be a circular hole or a boss on the rotating shaft 2. The connecting shaft 203 is cylindrical and is used to rotate and connect the adjacent moving contact support part 202. The other end of the lower connecting rod 9 is rotatably connected to the drive connection part 201 through a third shaft 18. The lower connecting rod 9 drives the drive connection part 201 to rotate the rotating shaft 2 clockwise when closing and counterclockwise when opening. The moving contact 6 is disposed in the moving contact support part 202 and moves together with the rotating shaft 2. The connecting shaft 203 rotates around the second center 2031.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11The line connecting the first center 11011 and the second center 2031 passes through the guide groove 1202. A coordinate system is established with the first center 11011 as the origin. The guide groove 1202 and the second center 2031 are located in the third quadrant. When the circuit is closed, the drive connection part 201 is in the third quadrant. When the circuit is opened, the drive connection part 201 is in either the third or fourth quadrant, or partially in both. The stationary contact 4 is located in the third quadrant, and the second center 2031 is located to the left of the extension line connecting the upper center 12021 and the lower center 12022 of the guide groove 1202.

[0066] In other embodiments, the line connecting the first center 11011 and the second center 2031 passes below the guide groove 1202 and the minimum distance between the line and the guide groove 1202 does not exceed 3mm. Please refer to... Figure 12 and Figure 13 A coordinate system is established with the first center 11011 as the origin. The guide groove 1202 and the second center 2031 are located in the third quadrant. Figure 10 and Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 The second center 2031 is farther from the first center 11011 in the Y-axis direction. Based on the rotation angle of the upper connecting rod 14 from opening to closing and the position of the second center 2031, the lengths of the intermediate connecting rod 15 and the lower connecting rod 9 are adjusted to determine the start and end positions of the guide groove 1202. This ensures that the line connecting the first center 11011 and the second center 2031 is below the guide groove 1202, and the minimum distance between the line connecting the first center 11011 and the second center 2031 and the guide groove 1202 does not exceed 3mm, ensuring relative stability of the mechanism. This mechanism arrangement method is compared to... Figure 10 and Figure 11 The overall height of the mechanism will increase with the arrangement of its components, or both the overall height and length will increase, and the rotation angle of the shaft will decrease. With the same number of contacts, the opening distance will also decrease accordingly. Figure 10 and Figure 11 The institution is superior Figure 12 and Figure 13 .

[0067] Please refer to Figure 14The operating mechanism 1 is in the disengaged state. The operating mechanism 1 also includes a jump buckle 19 and a locking buckle 20. The jump buckle 19 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 12 with a rotation center 1901 as the rotation center. The locking buckle 20 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 12 with a rotation center 2001 as the rotation center. The jump buckle 19 and the locking buckle 20 have overlapping parts. In the disengaged state, the overlapping parts of the jump buckle 19 and the locking buckle 20 are separated. The upper connecting rod 14 and the jump buckle 19 are rotatably connected through the rotation point A. Before the switch is closed and opened, the operating mechanism 1 is first put into the re-engaged state, driving the drive unit 1102 to make the lever 11 rotate clockwise around the first center 11011, and causing the jump buckle 19 to rotate clockwise around the rotation point 1901. At this time, the elastic element 10 is stretched and stores energy. When the jump buckle 19 rotates to a certain position, the jump buckle 19 and the locking buckle 20 engage and lock, and the jump buckle 19 cannot rotate. The rotation point A of the upper connecting rod 14 and the jump buckle 19 is temporarily fixed, and the rotating shaft 2 rotates around the second center 2031. The rotating shaft 2, the upper connecting rod 14, the middle connecting rod 15, the lower connecting rod 9, the line connecting the second center 2031 and the rotation point A constitute a planar five-bar linkage mechanism (the existing switch is a four-bar linkage mechanism). Figure 16 At this time, the operating mechanism 1 is in the re-clamping state (also the open state), and the overlapping parts of the trip latch 19 and the locking latch 20 are in the overlapping state. Then the switch can be closed, and the operating mechanism 1 remains a five-bar linkage mechanism.

[0068] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 16 When the operating mechanism 1 is in the re-engaged state (also the open state), and needs to be closed, the driving part 1102 is driven to make the lever 11 rotate counterclockwise around the first center 11011. Point B is the rotation point of the upper connecting rod 14 and the middle connecting rod 15. When the line of action of the elastic force of the elastic element 10 coincides with the line AB, the stored energy reaches its maximum, and the lever continues to move. When the line of action of the elastic force crosses the line AB, under the action of the elastic force, the first shaft 16 moves from the first quadrant to the third quadrant, and at the same time drives the middle connecting rod 15 to drive the second... Shaft 17 moves from the upper center 12021 to the lower center 12022 within the guide groove 1202 and stops. Simultaneously, shaft 17 drives the lower connecting rod 9 to move downwards, thereby driving the drive connection part 201 to rotate the rotating shaft 2 clockwise around the second center 2031. At the same time, the moving contact 6 rotates clockwise with the rotating shaft 2, moving from the fourth quadrant to the third quadrant and rapidly approaching the stationary contact 4. When the moving contact 6 and the stationary contact 4 are fully in contact, the switch operation is complete. At this time, the upper connecting rod 14 and the middle connecting rod 15 are basically in a straight position, approximately on the same straight line, i.e., in the dead zone position. The operating mechanism 1 is in a stable closed state. Figure 11 and Figure 15 The operating mechanism 1 is in the closed state.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 15 When the operating mechanism 1 is in the closed state, when the circuit is opened, the driving part 1102 is driven, causing the lever 11 to rotate clockwise around the first center 11011. When the line of action of the elastic force of the elastic element 10 coincides with the AB line, the stored energy reaches its maximum, and the lever continues to rotate. When the line of action of the elastic force crosses the AB line, under the action of the elastic force, the first shaft 16 moves from the third quadrant to the first quadrant, and at the same time drives the intermediate connecting rod 15 to drive the second shaft 17 to return from the lower end center 12022 of the guide groove 1202 to the upper end center 12021 and stop. At the same time, the second shaft 17 drives the lower connecting rod 9 to move from bottom to top, thereby driving the driving connection part 201 to drive the rotating shaft 2 to rotate counterclockwise around the second center 2031, and driving the moving contact 6 to move from the third quadrant to the fourth quadrant. The moving contact 6 and the stationary contact 4 separate, and the switch is opened. Figure 10 and Figure 16 The operating mechanism 1 is in the open state.

[0070] like Figure 11 and Figure 15 When the operating mechanism 1 is in the closed state, if the trip latch 19 and the latch 20 are unlocked, the overlapping part of the trip latch 19 and the latch 20 is separated. When the operating mechanism resumes the free release process, under the tension of the elastic element, the trip latch 19 rotates counterclockwise around the rotation point 1901, and point A becomes the active point. At the same time, the intermediate link 15 and the lower link 9 are released from the dead zone, so the five-bar linkage becomes a six-bar linkage (the existing switch is a five-bar linkage), that is, the shaft 2, the lower link 9, the intermediate link 15, the upper link 14, the trip latch 19, and the line connecting the two points 1901 and 2031. At this time, the operating mechanism 1 has two degrees of freedom. The shaft 2 immediately moves counterclockwise around the second center 2031, causing the moving contact 6 and the stationary contact 4 to separate. Figure 14 At this time, the operating mechanism 1 is in the disengaged state.

[0071] like Figure 17As shown in the diagram, point A is the hinge point between the upper connecting rod 14 and the jumper 19; point B (B1) is the hinge point between the upper connecting rod 14 and the middle connecting rod 15; point C (C1) is the hinge point between the middle connecting rod 15 and the lower connecting rod 9; point D (D1) is the hinge point between the lower connecting rod 9 and the rotating shaft 2; point E (E1) is the endpoint of the moving contact 6; ABCDE is a simplified diagram showing the linkage position relationship of the operating mechanism when the switch is open; and AB1C1D1E1 is the switch closing position. A simplified diagram of the linkage position relationship of the operating mechanism is shown. When closing, the angle between the upper linkage 14 and the middle linkage 15 is 176°, and the angle between the middle linkage 15 and the lower linkage 9 is 175°. At this time, the upper linkage 14, the middle linkage 15 and the lower linkage 9 are in the most stable state, which improves the closing efficiency, maximizes the torque of the lower linkage 9 on the rotating shaft 2, and is also conducive to the lower linkage 9 quickly driving the rotating shaft 2 to move the moving contact 6 when opening.

[0072] like Figure 17 As shown, the rotation angle of the upper connecting rod 14 during opening and closing, i.e., the angle between line AB and line AB1, is 33.5°. Compared with the existing switches where the upper connecting rod rotates at around 45° during opening and closing, this invention reduces the rotation angle of the upper connecting rod, reduces the travel distance of the upper connecting rod during opening and closing, shortens the opening and closing movement time of the operating mechanism, and increases the opening and closing speed of the mechanism. Compared with existing switches on the market, this invention can shorten the opening and closing time of the operating mechanism by about 25%. Shortening the opening time of the operating mechanism is a key measure to improve the switching capability.

[0073] like Figure 17 As shown, the present invention, through the arrangement of the upper connecting rod, the middle connecting rod, and the lower connecting rod, increases the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 2 to approximately 76.6° during opening and closing. That is, the angle between the line connecting the second center 2031 and point D, and the line connecting the second center 2031 and point D1, is 76.6°. Similarly, the rotation angle of the moving contact 6 during opening and closing is also 76.6°. In contrast, the rotation angle of existing switch moving contacts on the market is only about 60° during opening and closing. Therefore, even with a shortened moving contact arm length, the opening distance of the switch during opening can still be increased. Increasing the opening distance is also a key measure to improve the switching breaking capacity.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 18The arc-extinguishing chamber 5 is an assembly of several metal grid plates 501 spaced apart on the arc-isolating wall 502. The arc-extinguishing chamber is placed horizontally or inclined to the X-axis direction of the switch below the moving contact, with one end close to the bottom of the stationary contact and the other end extending towards the output end. It can make full use of the space in the length direction of the switch to arrange a longer arc-extinguishing chamber. The length of the arc-extinguishing chamber can be increased to 1.5-2 times that of the existing switch, so that more metal grid plates can be arranged. The metal grid plates cut the arc into several short arc segments. By utilizing the near-cathode effect of the AC arc, the arc voltage is increased to accelerate the arc extinguishing. It has strong current limiting ability and can interrupt larger short-circuit currents.

[0075] In other embodiments, the arc-extinguishing chamber 5 is positioned horizontally or obliquely along the X-axis of the switch on at least one side of the moving contact. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 19 and Figure 20 ,and Figure 18 The difference lies in the use of space on both sides of the moving contact to arrange the arc-extinguishing chambers, which further reduces the height of the switch and makes the product smaller. Figure 19 There are two arc-extinguishing chambers, one located below the moving contact and the other located behind the moving contact, as shown below. Figure 20 As shown, the arc-extinguishing chamber located below the moving contact comprises two parts located on the front and rear sides of the moving contact.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The moving contact 6 moves horizontally to the right of the stationary contact 4. When the switch is broken, the electric arc generated moves horizontally towards the outgoing end or horizontally towards the incoming end. After being extinguished by the arc-extinguishing chamber 5 and other arc-extinguishing devices, the incoming and outgoing ends of the switch can achieve the effect of no or few flying arcs and reduce the arc spray distance. No additional arc-extinguishing devices are needed outside the incoming and outgoing ends of the switch to achieve the effect of zero or few flying arcs, which can completely eliminate the problem of phase-to-phase short circuit faults caused by arc spray at the incoming and outgoing ends of the switch.

[0077] In other embodiments, please refer to Figures 21 to 23The operating mechanism 1, rotating shaft 2, moving contact 6, and stationary contact 4 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the height direction of the switch. The operating mechanism 1 is a common four-bar linkage mechanism. The linkage assembly 13 includes at least an upper linkage 14, a lower linkage 9, a first shaft 16 connecting the upper linkage 14 and the lower linkage 9, and a second shaft 17 connecting the lower linkage 9 to the drive connection part 201 located in the direction of the first power supply end 7. After the lower linkage 9 is connected to the drive connection part 201, counterclockwise movement is for connecting the power, and clockwise movement is for disconnecting the power. In this embodiment, the stationary contact and contact points are arranged below the moving contact and rotating shaft. Compared to the conventional arrangement of moving and stationary contacts in front of the rotating shaft, the arc generated by the breakage first starts from the bottom of the product and then moves clockwise upward along the direction of the opening of the moving contact. Therefore, unlike the arc-extinguishing chamber in the above embodiment, the arc-extinguishing chamber 5 is L-shaped, which includes a transverse arc-extinguishing part extending along the X-axis and a vertical arc-extinguishing part extending along the Y-axis. The transverse arc-extinguishing chamber is located below the moving contact 6, and the vertical arc-extinguishing part is located to the left of the moving contact 6. This effectively utilizes the space in the length direction below the moving contact 6 and the rotating shaft 2, allowing for the arrangement of more arc-extinguishing grid plates. A block-shaped part 503 made of gas-generating material is provided at the junction of the horizontal and vertical arc-extinguishing grid plates, which facilitates a smoother and faster transition of the arc from the horizontal arc-extinguishing grid plates to the vertical arc-extinguishing grid plates. This effectively utilizes the bottom length space while improving the arc-extinguishing capability of the switch.

[0078] This invention may be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit and essential characteristics. The present embodiments are to be regarded in all respects as exemplary rather than limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and all modifications falling within the meaning of the claims and their equivalents are thus included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An electrical switch (1000), the switch (1000) comprising at least an insulating housing (3) and components disposed within the insulating housing (3), the components comprising at least an operating mechanism (1), a rotating shaft (2) supporting a moving contact, a stationary contact (4), an arc-extinguishing chamber (5), a moving contact (6), a first power supply terminal (7), and a second power supply terminal (8); The operating mechanism (1), the rotating shaft (2), the moving contact (6), and the stationary contact (4) are arranged in order from top to bottom along the height direction of the switch, and the arc-extinguishing chamber (5) is arranged below and / or to one side of the moving contact; One end of the moving contact (6) is provided with an alloy contact, and the end with the alloy contact faces the bottom of the insulating shell (3); the stationary contact (4) is configured in a bent angle shape to form a current in the opposite direction to that of the moving contact (6) and is provided on the insulating shell (3); The operating mechanism (1) is provided with at least a lower connecting rod (9), and the rotating shaft (2) is provided with at least a drive connection part (201). The drive connection part (201) is located on the rotating shaft (2) facing the second power end (8) or on the rotating shaft (2) facing the first power end (7). When the stationary contact (4) is located at or near the first power end (7), the lower connecting rod (9) is connected to the drive connection part (201) and moves clockwise to connect the power and counterclockwise to disconnect the power. The electric arc generated during the disconnection is directed towards the second power end. Alternatively, when the stationary contact (4) is located below the operating mechanism (1) or in the middle of the switch, the lower connecting rod (9) is connected to the drive connection part (201) and moves counterclockwise to connect the power and clockwise to disconnect the power. The electric arc generated during the disconnection is directed towards the first power end. Its features are: The operating mechanism (1) further includes at least an elastic element (10), a lever (11), a bracket (12), and a connecting rod assembly (13). The lever (11) is provided with at least a fulcrum (1101), a driving part (1102), and a connecting part (1103) for the elastic element. The rotation center of the fulcrum (1101) is a first center (11011). The bracket (12) is mounted on an insulating shell (3). The bracket (12) is provided with at least a receiving part (1201). The fulcrum (1101) is movably connected to the receiving part (1201). The rod assembly (13) includes at least an upper connecting rod (14), a lower connecting rod (9), a first shaft (16) connecting the upper connecting rod (14) and the lower connecting rod (9), and a second shaft (17) connecting the lower connecting rod (9) to the drive connection part (201) disposed in the direction toward the first power supply end (7). After the lower connecting rod (9) is connected to the drive connection part (201), counterclockwise movement is used to turn on the power and clockwise movement is used to turn off the power. Alternatively, the operating mechanism (1) also includes at least an elastic element (10), a lever (11), a bracket (12), and a connecting rod. The component (13) includes a lever (11) with at least a fulcrum (1101), a drive unit (1102), and a connecting piece (1103) for an elastic element. The rotation center of the fulcrum (1101) is a first center (11011). The bracket (12) is mounted on an insulating shell (3) and has at least a receiving part (1201) and a guide groove (1202). The fulcrum (1101) is movably connected to the receiving part (1201). The connecting rod assembly (13) includes at least an upper connecting rod (14) and an intermediate connecting rod (15). The lower connecting rod (9), the first shaft (16) connecting the upper connecting rod (14) and the middle connecting rod (15), the second shaft (17) connecting the middle connecting rod (15) and the lower connecting rod (9) and moving up and down in the guide groove (1202) on the bracket (12), and the third shaft (18) connecting the lower connecting rod (9) and the drive connection part (201) arranged in the direction towards the second power end (8), after the lower connecting rod (9) is connected to the drive connection part (201), clockwise movement is the power-on operation and counterclockwise movement is the power-off operation.

2. The electrical switch (1000) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (2) is also provided with a moving contact support (202) and a connecting shaft (203). The rotation center of the connecting shaft (203) is a second center (2031). The moving contact (6) is disposed in the moving contact support (202).

3. The electrical switch (1000) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The line connecting the first center (11011) and the second center (2031) passes through the guide groove (1202) or is tangent to the guide groove (1202) or is no more than 3mm away from one end of the guide groove (1202).

4. The electrical switch (1000) according to claim 3, characterized in that: A coordinate system is established with the first center (11011) as the origin. The guide groove (1202) and the second center (2031) are located in the third quadrant. When the circuit is closed, the drive connection part (201) is in the third quadrant. When the circuit is opened, the drive connection part (201) is in the third or fourth quadrant, or partly in the third quadrant and partly in the fourth quadrant.

5. The electrical switch (1000) according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second center (2031) is located to the left of the extension line of the line connecting the upper center (12021) and the lower center (12022) of the guide groove (1202).

6. The electrical switch (1000) according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide groove is arc-shaped and extends approximately along the height of the switch.

7. The electrical switch (1000) according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the circuit is open, the moving contact (6) moves from the third quadrant to the fourth quadrant; when the circuit is closed, the moving contact (6) moves from the fourth quadrant to the third quadrant.

8. The electrical switch (1000) according to claim 6, characterized in that: An insulating cover is provided on the moving contact (6) and / or the stationary contact (4).

9. The electrical switch (1000) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-extinguishing chamber (5) is an assembly consisting of several metal grid plates (501) spaced apart on the arc-isolating wall (502).

10. The electrical switch (1000) according to claim 9, characterized in that: The arc-extinguishing chamber (5) is placed horizontally or inclined to the X-axis direction of the switch below the moving contact (6) or is L-shaped. The arc-extinguishing chamber includes a transverse arc-extinguishing part extending along the X-axis direction and a vertical arc-extinguishing part extending along the Y-axis direction. The transverse arc-extinguishing chamber is located below the moving contact (6), and the vertical arc-extinguishing part is located to the left of the moving contact (6).

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