A conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe, a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and a vacuum circuit breaker

Abstract

This invention discloses a conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe, a vacuum interrupter, and a vacuum circuit breaker, comprising a stationary conductive rod and a moving conductive rod. The stationary conductive rod includes a current-passing structure and a spiral heat pipe, the spiral heat pipe being embedded and fixed on the outer surface of the current-passing structure. The moving conductive rod includes a current-passing structure and a spiral heat pipe, the spiral heat pipe being embedded and fixed on the outer surface of the current-passing structure. The current-passing structure and the spiral heat pipe move together with the moving contact during the closing and opening process. This invention has a simple structure, is easy to assemble, and can greatly promote the development of vacuum interrupters towards larger capacity and higher voltage levels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vacuum circuit breaker technology, and relates to a conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe, a vacuum interrupter, and a vacuum circuit breaker. Background Technology

[0002] Vacuum circuit breakers utilize vacuum as both insulation and arc-extinguishing medium, playing a crucial role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of power systems. Currently, vacuum circuit breakers are mainly used in medium and low voltage breaking applications, offering advantages such as high breaking capacity, low maintenance costs, and minimal environmental pollution. The vacuum interrupter, as the core component of a vacuum circuit breaker, directly affects its ability to successfully interrupt fault currents.

[0003] With the rapid development and application of vacuum circuit breakers towards higher voltage levels, the demand for their current-carrying capacity is increasing. However, vacuum circuit breakers only have one pair of contacts, which must simultaneously meet the functional requirements of current carrying and breaking. Furthermore, these contacts are located in the vacuum environment inside the vacuum interrupter, and heat can only be conducted to the outside through the moving and stationary conductive rods. This is especially problematic when applied to tank-type horizontal vacuum circuit breakers, where heat dissipation conditions are even more unfavorable, posing a significant challenge to the design of large-current-capacity tank-type vacuum circuit breakers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe, a vacuum interrupter and a vacuum circuit breaker, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the conductive rod, increasing the heat transfer capacity of the vacuum circuit breaker and improving the rated current carrying capacity.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented using the following scheme: This invention provides a conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe, comprising a stationary conductive rod and a moving conductive rod. The stationary conductive rod includes a stationary conductive rod flow passage structure and a stationary conductive rod spiral heat pipe, the spiral heat pipe being embedded and fixed on the outer surface of the stationary conductive rod flow passage structure. The moving conductive rod includes a moving conductive rod flow passage structure and a moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe, the spiral heat pipe being embedded and fixed on the outer surface of the moving conductive rod flow passage structure. The moving conductive rod flow passage structure and the moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe move together with the moving contact during the opening and closing of the circuit breaker.

[0006] Furthermore, the static conductive rod flow passage structure and the dynamic conductive rod flow passage structure are hollow cylinders. The static conductive rod flow passage structure has a first slot on its exterior that matches the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe, and the dynamic conductive rod flow passage structure has a second slot on its exterior that matches the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe. The static conductive rod spiral heat pipe is embedded and fixed to the outer surface of the static conductive rod flow passage structure through the first slot, and the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe is embedded and fixed to the outer surface of the dynamic conductive rod flow passage structure through the second slot.

[0007] Furthermore, the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe and the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe are gravity heat pipes with a spiral shape and a spiral angle ranging from 70° to 240°.

[0008] Furthermore, the external sealing material of the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe and the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe is a metal material, the interior is a vacuum environment, and an evaporation medium is provided.

[0009] Furthermore, the cross-sections of the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe and the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe are circular, rectangular, elliptical, or triangular.

[0010] Furthermore, the static conductive rod spiral heat pipes are distributed symmetrically along the outer circumference of the static conductive rod flow passage structure; the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipes are distributed symmetrically along the outer circumference of the dynamic conductive rod flow passage structure.

[0011] The present invention also provides a vacuum interrupter, comprising the aforementioned conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe, a stationary end cover plate of the interrupter, a moving end cover plate of the interrupter, a stationary end contact, a moving end contact, and a ceramic shell of the interrupter; one end of the stationary end conductive rod is fixedly connected to the stationary end contact, and the other end is fixedly connected to the stationary end cover plate of the interrupter; one end of the moving end conductive rod is fixedly connected to the moving end contact, and the other end is fixedly connected to the moving end cover plate of the interrupter; the ceramic shell of the interrupter is fixedly connected between the edges of the stationary end cover plate and the moving end cover plate of the interrupter and covers the stationary end contact and the moving end contact.

[0012] The present invention also provides a vacuum circuit breaker, comprising the aforementioned vacuum interrupter, stationary side current-conducting support structure, stationary side basin insulator, moving side current-conducting support structure, moving side basin insulator, and circuit breaker tank; the stationary side basin insulator is fixedly connected to the inner side of the stationary side current-conducting support structure, the moving side basin insulator is fixedly connected to the inner side of the moving side current-conducting support structure, the vacuum interrupter is fixedly connected between the stationary side basin insulator and the moving side basin insulator, and the circuit breaker tank encloses the vacuum interrupter, the stationary side current-conducting support structure, the stationary side basin insulator, the moving side current-conducting support structure, and the moving side basin insulator.

[0013] Furthermore, the vacuum interrupter in the vacuum circuit breaker can be arranged vertically or horizontally. Beneficial effects

[0014] This invention significantly improves the heat dissipation capacity of vacuum circuit breakers when interrupting current by embedding several spiral gravity heat pipes in the surfaces of the moving and stationary conductive rod current-carrying structures, effectively reducing the temperature rise of the contacts and meeting the high-capacity current-carrying requirements of vacuum circuit breakers.

[0015] The present invention features an embedded spiral gravity heat pipe design. The gravity heat pipe is integrated inside the vacuum interrupter chamber of the circuit breaker, which is small in size and light in weight. Compared with the traditional vacuum circuit breaker where the heat dissipation device is installed on the outside of the circuit breaker, which is large in size and heavy in weight, this invention can effectively reduce the space and weight occupied by the device, making the vacuum circuit breaker lighter.

[0016] This invention, while meeting the mechanical strength, electrical performance and stability requirements of vacuum circuit breakers, significantly improves the heat dissipation capacity when interrupting current, significantly reduces the temperature rise of the contacts, and effectively reduces the space occupied by the heat dissipation structure, further improving the rated current carrying capacity of vacuum circuit breakers. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stationary conductive rod provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an axial cross-sectional view of a stationary conductive rod provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the current-carrying structure of a stationary conductive rod in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a static conductive rod spiral heat pipe provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a moving-end conductive rod provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an axial sectional view of a moving-end conductive rod provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the current-carrying structure of the moving conductive rod in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of a spiral heat pipe with a moving conductive rod in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of a vacuum interrupter provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is an axial sectional view of a vacuum interrupter provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is an axial sectional view of a vacuum circuit breaker provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; In the diagram: 101, stationary end cover plate of the arc-extinguishing chamber; 102, stationary end conductive rod; 103, stationary end contact; 104, moving end contact; 105, moving end conductive rod; 106, moving end cover plate of the arc-extinguishing chamber; 107, ceramic shell of the arc-extinguishing chamber; 201, stationary side current-guiding support structure; 202, stationary side basin insulator; 203, vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber; 204, moving side basin insulator; 205, moving side current-guiding support structure; 206, circuit breaker tank; 301, vacuum circuit breaker; 401, stationary conductive rod current-passing structure; 402, stationary conductive rod spiral heat pipe; 403, moving conductive rod current-passing structure; 404, moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0019] This embodiment provides a conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe, including a stationary conductive rod 102 and a moving conductive rod 105, as detailed below: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the stationary conductive rod 102 includes a stationary conductive rod flow-through structure 401 and a stationary conductive rod spiral heat pipe 402; as Figure 3 As shown, the static conductive rod flow-through structure 401 is a hollow cylinder with a slot on its exterior for housing the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe 402; as Figure 4 As shown, the stationary conductive rod spiral heat pipe 402 is a gravity heat pipe with a spiral shape. Each heat pipe is equidistant from the central axis of the spiral. The spiral angle of the heat pipe (referring to the total angle of rotation of the spiral heat pipe along the central axis from one end to the other) ranges from 70° to 240°. The angle range is based on the principle of gravity heat pipes: the liquid inside the gravity heat pipe needs to be liquefied and refluxed. If the angle is too large, liquefaction will not occur and reflux will not occur. If the angle is too small, it will have no effect. The heat pipe is matched and embedded in the outer surface of the stationary conductive rod flow structure 401.

[0020] The material of the external sealing structure of the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe 402 can be a metal material (such as copper or stainless steel), and the inside is a vacuum environment with an evaporation medium. By utilizing the high thermal conductivity of the spiral heat pipe itself, the temperature rise of the contacts is reduced, which meets the high-capacity current-carrying requirements of the vacuum circuit breaker. The connection between the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe 402 and the static conductive rod current-carrying structure 401 can be welding or mechanical fixing.

[0021] The cross-section of the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe 402 can be circular, rectangular, elliptical, or triangular. The static conductive rod spiral heat pipe 402 is distributed circumferentially along the outer surface of the static conductive rod flow structure 401, and the number of them is 1-50, arranged symmetrically.

[0022] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the moving end conductive rod 105 includes a moving conductive rod flow passage structure 403 and a moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe 404; as Figure 7 As shown, the moving conductive rod flow structure 403 is a hollow cylinder with a slot on its exterior for housing the moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe 404; as Figure 8 As shown, the moving-end conductive rod spiral heat pipe 404 is a gravity heat pipe with a spiral shape. Each heat pipe is equidistant from the central axis of the spiral. The spiral angle of the heat pipe (referring to the total angle of rotation of the spiral heat pipe along the central axis from one end to the other) ranges from 70° to 240°. The angle range is based on the principle of gravity heat pipes: the liquid inside the gravity heat pipe needs to be liquefied and refluxed. If the angle is too large, liquefaction will not occur and reflux will not occur. If the angle is too small, it will have no effect. The heat pipe is matched and embedded in the outer surface of the moving conductive rod flow structure 403. The moving conductive rod flow structure 403 and the moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe 404 move together with the moving-end contact 104 during the opening and closing of the circuit breaker.

[0023] The material of the external sealing structure of the moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe 404 can be a metal material (such as copper or stainless steel), and the inside is a vacuum environment with an evaporation medium. By utilizing the high thermal conductivity of the spiral heat pipe itself, the temperature rise of the contacts is reduced, which meets the high-capacity current-carrying requirements of the vacuum circuit breaker. The connection between the moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe 404 and the moving conductive rod current-carrying structure 403 can be welding or mechanical fixing.

[0024] The cross-section of the moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe 404 can be circular, rectangular, elliptical, or triangular. The moving conductive rod spiral heat pipes 404 are distributed circumferentially along the outer surface of the moving conductive rod flow structure 403, and the number of them is 1-50, arranged symmetrically. Example 2

[0025] This embodiment provides a vacuum interrupter, including the conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe as described in Embodiment 1, as detailed below: like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the vacuum interrupter 203 includes an interrupter stationary end cover plate 101 welded to the other end of the stationary end conductive rod 102, an interrupter moving end cover plate 106 welded to the other end of the moving end conductive rod 105, and an interrupter ceramic shell 107 welded between the edges of the interrupter stationary end cover plate 101 and the interrupter moving end cover plate 106, covering the stationary end contact 103 and the moving end contact 104. Example 3

[0026] This embodiment provides a vacuum circuit breaker, as detailed below: like Figure 11As shown, the vacuum circuit breaker 301 includes a vacuum interrupter 203 with a conductive rod having a spiral heat pipe as described in Embodiment 2, a stationary side basin insulator 202 welded to the outside of the stationary end of the vacuum interrupter 203, a stationary side current-conducting support structure 201 welded to the outside of the stationary side basin insulator, a moving side basin insulator 204 welded to the outside of the moving end of the vacuum interrupter 203, a moving side current-conducting support structure 205 welded to the outside of the moving side basin insulator, and a circuit breaker housing 206 enclosing all the above structures.

[0027] In summary, the conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe, vacuum interrupter, and vacuum circuit breaker provided by this invention have the following advantages compared to traditional vacuum circuit breakers: Firstly, through ingenious design of the moving and stationary conductive rods, this invention enhances their heat dissipation capacity without affecting their electrical performance, thereby effectively reducing the temperature rise of the contacts during the breaking process. Secondly, compared to the heat dissipation structure of traditional vacuum circuit breakers, the spiral heat pipe structure proposed in this invention has a smaller volume and weight, making the vacuum circuit breaker more miniaturized and lightweight. Furthermore, this invention has a simple structure and is easy to assemble, which can greatly promote the development of vacuum interrupters towards larger capacity and higher voltage levels.

[0028] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe, characterized in that, It includes a stationary conductive rod (102) and a moving conductive rod (105); the stationary conductive rod (102) includes a stationary conductive rod flow structure (401) and a stationary conductive rod spiral heat pipe (402), the stationary conductive rod spiral heat pipe (402) is embedded and fixed on the outer surface of the stationary conductive rod flow structure (401); the moving conductive rod (105) includes a moving conductive rod flow structure (403) and a moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe (404), the moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe (404) is embedded and fixed on the outer surface of the moving conductive rod flow structure (403), the moving conductive rod flow structure (403) and the moving conductive rod spiral heat pipe (404) move together with the moving contact (104) during the opening and closing process.

2. The conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The static conductive rod flow structure (401) and the dynamic conductive rod flow structure (403) are hollow cylinders. The static conductive rod flow structure (401) has a first slot on its outside that matches the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe (402). The dynamic conductive rod flow structure (403) has a second slot on its outside that matches the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe (404). The static conductive rod spiral heat pipe (402) is fixed to the outer surface of the static conductive rod flow structure (401) by being embedded in the first slot. The dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe (404) is fixed to the outer surface of the dynamic conductive rod flow structure (403) by being embedded in the second slot.

3. The conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The static conductive rod spiral heat pipe (402) and the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe (404) are gravity heat pipes with a spiral shape and a spiral angle range of 70° to 240°.

4. The conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external sealing material of the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe (402) and the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe (404) is a metal material, the interior is a vacuum environment, and an evaporation medium is provided.

5. The conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sections of the static conductive rod spiral heat pipe (402) and the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe (404) are circular, rectangular, elliptical or triangular.

6. The conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The static conductive rod spiral heat pipe (402) is distributed symmetrically along the outer surface of the static conductive rod flow passage structure (401); the dynamic conductive rod spiral heat pipe (404) is distributed symmetrically along the outer surface of the dynamic conductive rod flow passage structure (403).

7. A vacuum interrupter, characterized in that, The device includes a conductive rod with a spiral heat pipe as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, a stationary end cover plate (101) of the arc-extinguishing chamber, a moving end cover plate (106) of the arc-extinguishing chamber, a stationary end contact (103), a moving end contact (104), and a ceramic shell (107) of the arc-extinguishing chamber; one end of the stationary end conductive rod (102) is fixedly connected to the stationary end contact (103), and the other end is fixedly connected to the stationary end cover plate (101) of the arc-extinguishing chamber; one end of the moving end conductive rod (105) is fixedly connected to the moving end contact (104), and the other end is fixedly connected to the moving end cover plate (106) of the arc-extinguishing chamber; the ceramic shell (107) of the arc-extinguishing chamber is fixedly connected between the edges of the stationary end cover plate (101) and the moving end cover plate (106) of the arc-extinguishing chamber and covers the stationary end contact (103) and the moving end contact (104).

8. A vacuum circuit breaker, characterized in that, The circuit breaker includes the vacuum interrupter (203), stationary side current-guiding support structure (201), stationary side basin insulator (202), moving side current-guiding support structure (205), moving side basin insulator (204), and circuit breaker tank (206) as described in claim 7; the stationary side basin insulator (202) is fixedly connected to the inside of the stationary side current-guiding support structure (201), the moving side basin insulator (204) is fixedly connected to the inside of the moving side current-guiding support structure (205), the vacuum interrupter (203) is fixedly connected between the stationary side basin insulator (202) and the moving side basin insulator (204), and the circuit breaker tank (206) encloses the vacuum interrupter (203), stationary side current-guiding support structure (201), stationary side basin insulator (202), moving side current-guiding support structure (205), and moving side basin insulator (204).

9. The vacuum circuit breaker according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vacuum interrupter (203) in the vacuum circuit breaker (301) can be arranged vertically or horizontally.

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