Energy storage device fire suppression system, electrically controlled quick-change connector

Abstract

This application discloses a fire protection system for an energy storage device, comprising: multiple energy storage units, each with an injection port and an outlet on its outer casing; an injection piping system, including a main injection pipe and multiple branch injection pipes; multiple electrically controlled injection valves, which are normally closed electrically controlled valves, with their first ports connected to the injection ports and their second ports connected to the branch injection pipes; and a control unit electrically connected to the valve opening control circuit of the electrically controlled injection valves. When the control unit determines that an energy storage unit needs injection, it sends an opening signal to the corresponding electrically controlled injection valve and keeps the injection valve open via a self-holding valve or continuous power supply. This application uses inexpensive and abundant fire-fighting water to achieve automatic unit-level fire protection, and is suitable for battery energy storage, capacitor energy storage, and other devices. This application also discloses various electrically controlled quick-connect couplings, which achieve male-to-female connection via electromagnet or motor drive, and are suitable for fire protection systems requiring remote automatic control and prevention of valve leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fire protection technology for energy storage devices, specifically to a fire protection system applicable to energy storage devices such as battery energy storage devices and capacitor energy storage devices.

[0002] This application also relates to the field of fluid connection technology, specifically to electrically controlled quick-connect couplings for realizing remote automatic connection of fluid pipelines. Background Technology

[0003] Energy storage devices, represented by lithium-ion batteries, are widely used. However, due to factors such as manufacturing processes, quality control, and abuse of electricity and heat, lithium-ion batteries are susceptible to thermal runaway, which could lead to fires or even explosions. Capacitor energy storage devices also face similar safety risks.

[0004] In existing technologies, some energy storage devices use gas fire suppression systems, but these systems have drawbacks such as a limited total amount of fire suppression gas, resulting in low fire suppression reliability; the need to replace the gas, resulting in high maintenance costs; and high gas pressure, resulting in high operational risks.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fire protection system with an energy storage device that can automatically control, continuously inject and discharge fire-fighting fluid. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application aims to provide a low-cost, low-maintenance, and highly reliable fire protection system for energy storage devices, enabling automated control of energy storage unit-level fire protection.

[0007] The energy storage devices described in this application include, but are not limited to, battery energy storage devices, capacitor energy storage devices, and other energy storage devices. The energy storage elements described in this application refer to a single unit used for storing and releasing electrical energy, including but not limited to batteries (such as lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries) and capacitors (such as supercapacitors). The energy storage unit described in this application refers to multiple energy storage elements connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel, with positive and negative output terminals, and configured with all or part of components including management, protection, and heat dissipation functions, installed in a housing. In the industry, battery energy storage units are sometimes referred to as battery packs, battery modules, etc., and capacitor energy storage units are sometimes referred to as capacitor packs, capacitor modules, etc.

[0008] Water has a high specific heat capacity and high thermal conductivity. Firefighting water is readily available and in sufficient quantity relative to the firefighting needs of energy storage units, making it an ideal firefighting medium for batteries, capacitors, etc. in energy storage devices. Aqueous solutions or other non-flammable liquids with similar properties can also be used as the firefighting medium (firefighting liquid) in this application. The use of firefighting water, water, or firefighting liquid in this application specification is for the purpose of brevity and does not constitute a limitation on the rights of this application.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, a fire protection system for an energy storage device is provided, comprising: Multiple energy storage units (1), each energy storage unit (1) includes an energy storage unit housing (11) and multiple energy storage elements (12) disposed in the inner cavity of the energy storage unit housing (11). The energy storage unit housing (11) has independent liquid injection ports (13) and liquid discharge ports (14). The liquid injection system (2) includes a main liquid injection pipe (22) and multiple branch liquid injection pipes (21). The main liquid injection pipe (22) is provided with an external interface (23) for connecting to an external fire-fighting liquid source. Multiple electrically controlled liquid injection valves (4), wherein the electrically controlled liquid injection valves (4) are normally closed electrically controlled valves, the first port of the electrically controlled liquid injection valves (4) is connected one-to-one with the liquid injection port (13) of the outer shell (11) of the energy storage unit, and the second port of the electrically controlled liquid injection valves (4) is connected one-to-one with the liquid injection branch pipe (21); The control unit (5) is connected to the valve opening control circuit of the electrically controlled injection valve (4); The control unit (5) is configured to: when it is determined that any of the energy storage units (1) needs to be injected with fire-fighting fluid, send an opening signal to the electrically controlled injection valve (4) corresponding to the energy storage unit (1), and keep the electrically controlled injection valve (4) in the open state by any of the following methods: (a) The electrically controlled injection valve (4) is a self-holding normally closed electrically controlled valve, which opens upon receiving the valve opening electrical signal, and will not automatically close even if the valve opening electrical signal is removed; or (b) After sending the valve opening electrical signal, the control unit (5) continues to maintain the valve opening electrical signal so that the electrically controlled injection valve (4) remains open.

[0010] In this application, the control unit (5) should be interpreted broadly, including but not limited to one or more of the following: programmable logic controller (PLC), microcontroller (MCU), industrial control computer, relay, relay logic circuit, and other logic control devices. The control unit (5) can be a single controller or a combination of multiple control devices. The functions of these control devices can be integrated into one physical entity or distributed across multiple physical entities.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a plurality of drain pipes (31), which are connected one-to-one with the drain ports (14) of the energy storage unit housing (11).

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment, the system also includes a main drain pipe (32), and the drain branch pipes (31) are all connected to the main drain pipe (32). The main drain pipe (32) is provided with a pipe drain port (33) for draining liquid.

[0013] The liquid injection port refers to the opening in the outer shell of the energy storage unit that connects to the inner cavity for liquid injection, or the interface formed by assembling relevant pipes and fittings at the opening; the liquid discharge port refers to the opening in the outer shell of the energy storage unit that connects to the inner cavity for liquid discharge, or the interface formed by assembling relevant pipes and fittings at the opening.

[0014] Firefighting fluid refers to liquids intended to be used as firefighting media, including water (firefighting water), non-flammable aqueous solutions, and other non-flammable solutions.

[0015] The self-holding normally closed solenoid valve is closed under normal conditions. In this application, "normal conditions" refers to the absence of fire-fighting requirements. The self-holding normally closed solenoid valve opens upon receiving an opening electrical signal, and will not automatically close even if the opening electrical signal is removed. The self-holding normally closed solenoid valve can be a dual-coil normally closed solenoid valve, with its opening control circuit (the opening coil) connected to the control unit, and the closing coil not connected. Alternatively, a single-coil self-holding solenoid valve can be used, ensuring the solenoid valve is normally closed; its opening control circuit is its coil, which is connected to the control unit (note the polarity). The self-holding normally closed solenoid valve can also be an electrically operated valve, with its opening control circuit connected to the control unit. Alternatively, a standard solenoid valve can be used with a self-holding circuit; after the control unit sends an opening electrical signal to open the solenoid valve, the self-holding circuit maintains its open state when the opening electrical signal is removed. The self-holding normally closed solenoid valve can also use the electric quick-connect coupling proposed in this application. The above is an exemplary description of the selection and wiring of a self-holding normally closed solenoid valve, and should not be considered as a limitation on its specific form. How to close the solenoid valve (self-holding normally closed solenoid valve) is not the subject of this application, and the specific method does not constitute an essential technical feature of this application, nor does it constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0016] How to “determine that any of the energy storage units (1) needs to be injected with fire-fighting fluid”, that is, how to detect and determine whether there is thermal runaway, fire or explosion of energy storage elements in a particular energy storage unit, and which circuits need to be disconnected, which operations need to be completed and which conditions need to be met after thermal runaway, fire or explosion of an energy storage unit, is not the content of this application. It can be implemented by existing technology or future technology and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] Existing technologies offer various solutions or methods for determining whether thermal runaway, fire, or explosion is occurring within an energy storage unit. These include controlling the system to detect whether the temperature of the energy storage element exceeds a threshold, whether the temperature inside the energy storage unit exceeds a threshold, whether the concentration of combustible gas inside the energy storage unit exceeds a threshold, or detecting the rate of change of relevant quantities to determine whether thermal runaway, fire, or explosion is occurring within the energy storage unit. New solutions or methods may emerge in the future.

[0018] To determine if there is thermal runaway, fire, or explosion of energy storage elements within an energy storage unit, it is usually necessary to stop the operation of the converter (PCS) by the control unit, disconnect the main circuit breaker (knife switch), cluster circuit breaker (contactor), etc., before determining whether the energy storage unit needs to be injected with fire-fighting fluid.

[0019] In this application, how the control unit (5) connects to the energy storage unit (1) to obtain its status information (including but not limited to temperature, voltage, current, combustible gas concentration, etc.), and how to determine whether the energy storage unit needs to be injected with fire-fighting fluid based on this information, are all implemented using existing or future technologies. They are not essential technical features of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. This application does not claim protection for specific detection, judgment, or connection methods.

[0020] Although filling an energy storage unit with water may increase heat generation due to increased leakage current, and even induce fire or explosion, water filling, as an emergency firefighting measure, can confine thermal runaway, fire, or explosion within a single energy storage unit, preventing the disaster from spreading. Therefore, the firefighting solution of this application has clear technical value and feasibility. Other descriptions of the embodiments in this application provide reference methods for reducing leakage current.

[0021] After water enters the energy storage unit, it cools the energy storage elements. The continuously injected water is discharged from the drain port, carrying away the heat generated by thermal runaway or fire, thus cooling, inhibiting thermal reactions, and extinguishing fires. If gaps are provided between the energy storage elements, the cooling effect after water inlet is even better; if these gaps are configured as flow channels from the injection port to the drain port, cooling is further facilitated; the higher the water level, the larger the contact area between the water and the energy storage elements, which is more conducive to cooling.

[0022] The continuously injected water is discharged from the drain outlet, which can not only remove heat, but also carry away any flammable gases that may be generated by the energy storage element; at the same time, the water may vaporize when heated, and the water vapor produced can serve as an effective fire extinguishing medium to further suppress combustion.

[0023] When the pressure relief port of an energy storage element is submerged, if the element experiences thermal runaway and develops into a fire, the port opens, allowing pressurized electrolyte to flow into the water and be carried away by the continuously injected and discharged water. Simultaneously, water seals the pressure relief port, preventing flames from escaping and spreading to adjacent energy storage elements. As the exothermic reaction of the burning energy storage element gradually diminishes, the pressure inside its casing decreases, water flows into the casing, reducing the electrolyte concentration and further suppressing the exothermic reaction until a safe state is restored. Afterward, the electrically controlled injection valve can be manually or otherwise closed for subsequent maintenance and repairs. Submerging the energy storage element is beneficial for fire suppression, but it is not a necessary condition. As long as water contacts the energy storage element, the continuously flowing water can carry away heat, achieving effective firefighting.

[0024] When an energy storage element explodes, if the energy storage unit's outer casing is equipped with an explosion-proof vent valve, the valve will automatically open to release pressure, thereby preventing severe damage to the casing. As long as the casing structure below the water level remains basically intact, the fire protection system described in this application can still achieve its intended fire protection function. Alternatively, by designing the top cover of the energy storage unit's outer casing as the area with the weakest pressure-bearing capacity of the entire casing, the casing structure below the water level can remain basically intact, and the fire protection system described in this application can still achieve its intended fire protection function.

[0025] Although water entering the energy storage unit may damage the internal electronic components and cause the loss of the unit's management and protection functions, the continuous injection and discharge of water can be maintained because the electronically controlled injection valve is already open and will not automatically close, so the fire-fighting function can continue to function.

[0026] The pressure of the fire-fighting liquid source should take into account the total pressure loss of the pipeline (including head loss along the pipeline and local head loss), and meet the requirements for liquid inlet of the highest energy storage unit and opening of the pressure relief device at the drain outlet (if installed). Municipal fire-fighting water pressure can usually reach 0.4MPa or even higher. If necessary, the pressure can be reduced and stabilized before connection, or an intermediate fire-fighting water tank can be constructed.

[0027] One port of the electrically controlled injection valve is constantly subjected to water pressure, while the other port is directly connected to the inner cavity of the energy storage unit. This raises concerns that if the valve leaks internally and the leak goes undetected for an extended period, the energy storage components will be damaged by water immersion. Using an electrically controlled quick-connect coupling for the injection valve would prevent water from entering the energy storage unit should the valve leak internally.

[0028] The "quick-connect coupling" described in this application is a connector device that enables the rapid connection or disconnection of fluid pipelines without the need for tools. It includes male and female connectors, which is common knowledge in the art. The male connector is also called a male terminal or plug, and the female connector is also called a female terminal or socket. Quick-connect couplings are suitable for fluid media such as water, hydraulic oil, and gas. Commonly known quick-connect couplings or fast couplings are also quick-connect couplings. The electrically controlled quick-connect coupling of this application adds an electrical control module to the quick-connect coupling to achieve remote automatic connection. The electrically controlled quick-connect coupling can also be called an electrically controlled quick-connect coupling or an electrically controlled fast coupling.

[0029] In the off-state, the electrical quick-connect coupling maintains a gap between the male and female connectors. Assuming the female connector is connected to the injection manifold and the male connector is connected to the injection port on the energy storage unit's outer casing, even if the female connector leaks, water will not reach the male connector and thus will not flow into the energy storage unit's interior. The electrical quick-connect coupling used in the fire protection system of the energy storage device in this application should preferably be a self-sealing quick-connect coupling with both male and female connectors, which is beneficial for isolating the internal and external environments of the energy storage unit. However, this application's electrical quick-connect coupling does not restrict whether the male or female connector is self-sealing. The quick-connect coupling can connect or disconnect fluids and can be considered a valve. The electrical quick-connect coupling can achieve the function of a self-holding normally closed electrical control valve.

[0030] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides various technical solutions for electrically controlled quick-connect couplings.

[0031] The first type of electrically controlled quick-change connector is characterized by comprising: The female head unit (41) is fixedly installed; The male head unit (42) is movably disposed along the axial direction and is opposite to the female head unit (41); An electromagnet (431) is fixedly installed. The two ends of the coil of the electromagnet (431) are led out for connecting to an external control unit. The electromagnet (431) has a movable iron core (432). One end of the iron core (432) is connected to or abuts against the male connector (42), or the iron core (432) is configured to contact the male connector (42) and push the male connector (42) when moving. When the electromagnet (431) is energized, it drives the iron core (432) to move, which drives the male connector (42) to move towards the female connector (41), so that the male connector (42) and the female connector (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

[0032] The second type of electrically controlled quick-change connector is characterized by comprising: The female head unit is fixed in place. The male connector unit is movably disposed along the axial direction and is opposite to the female connector unit. The male connector unit is provided with ferromagnetic material. An electromagnet is fixedly installed, with its coil leads extending out at both ends for connection to an external control unit, and the electromagnet having a fixed stationary iron core. When the electromagnet is energized, the stationary iron core generates a magnetic field that attracts the ferromagnetic material on the male connector unit, causing the male connector unit to move toward the female connector unit until the male connector unit and the female connector unit are connected, thus establishing fluid communication.

[0033] The third type of electrically controlled quick-change connector is characterized by comprising: The female head unit (41) is fixedly installed; The male head unit (42) is movably disposed along the axial direction and movably disposed along the transverse direction, opposite to the female head unit (41); The biasing element (44) always applies a biasing force toward the female connector (41) to the male connector unit (42); A limiting structure is provided to prevent the male head unit (42) from moving toward the female head unit (41) when the axes of the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are misaligned. An electromagnet (431) is fixedly installed. The two ends of the coil of the electromagnet (431) are led out for connecting to an external control unit. The electromagnet (431) has a movable iron core (432). One end of the iron core (432) is connected to or abuts against the male connector (42), or the iron core (432) is configured to contact the male connector (42) and drive the male connector (42) to move laterally when moving. When the electromagnet (431) is not energized, the axes of the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are offset from each other, and the male head unit (42) abuts against the limiting structure; When the electromagnet (431) is energized, it drives the iron core (432) to move, which in turn drives the male connector (42) to move laterally, so that the axis of the male connector (42) is aligned with that of the female connector (41). At the same time, the male connector (42) disengages from the limiting structure. Under the biasing force of the biasing element (44), the male connector (42) moves toward the female connector (41), so that the male connector (42) and the female connector (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

[0034] The fourth type of electrically controlled quick-change connector is characterized by comprising: The female head unit is fixed in place. The male connector unit is movably disposed along the axial direction and movably disposed along the transverse direction, and is opposite to the female connector unit. The male connector unit is provided with ferromagnetic material. The biasing element always applies a biasing force toward the female connector to the male connector unit; A limiting structure is used to prevent the male connector from moving toward the female connector when the axes of the male connector and the female connector are misaligned. An electromagnet is fixedly installed, with its coil leads extending out at both ends for connection to an external control unit. The electromagnet has a fixed stationary iron core, which is located on one side of the male connector unit. When the electromagnet is not energized, the axes of the male connector and the female connector are offset from each other, and the male connector abuts against the limiting structure. When the electromagnet is energized, the stationary iron core generates a magnetic field that attracts the ferromagnetic material on the male connector unit, causing the male connector unit to move laterally and align its axis with that of the female connector unit. At the same time, the male connector unit disengages from the limiting structure and moves towards the female connector unit under the biasing force of the biasing element, thus connecting the male connector unit with the female connector unit and establishing fluid communication.

[0035] The fifth type of electrically controlled quick-connect coupling is characterized by comprising: The female head unit (41) is fixedly installed; The male head unit (42) is movably disposed along the axial direction and is opposite to the female head unit (41); The biasing element (44) always applies a biasing force toward the female connector (41) to the male connector unit (42); An electromagnet (451) is fixedly installed. The two ends of the coil of the electromagnet (451) are led out for connection to an external control unit. The electromagnet (451) has a movable iron core (452). When the electromagnet (451) is not energized, the end of the iron core (452) abuts against the male connector (42) to prevent the male connector (42) from moving toward the female connector (41). When the electromagnet (451) is energized, it drives the iron core (452) to move, causing the end of the iron core (452) to release from contact with the male connector (42). Under the biasing force of the biasing element (44), the male connector (42) moves towards the female connector (41), so that the male connector (42) and the female connector (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

[0036] The sixth type of electrically controlled quick-connect coupling is characterized by comprising: The female head unit (41) is fixedly installed; The male head unit (42) is movably disposed along the axial direction and is opposite to the female head unit (41); The electric motor (46) is fixedly installed, and its power cord is led out for connecting to an external control unit; The transmission mechanism (47) is fixedly installed, with its input end connected to the output shaft of the motor (46) and its output end connected to or abutting the male connector unit (42), or the output end is configured to contact the male connector unit (42) and push the male connector unit (42) when it moves under the drive of the motor (46). When the motor (46) is energized, it drives the male head unit (42) to move toward the female head unit (41) through the transmission mechanism (47), so that the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

[0037] The seventh type of electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, based on the sixth type of electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, is characterized by: The transmission mechanism (47) includes an eccentric cam (48); The eccentric cam (48) is directly connected to the output shaft of the motor (46), or the eccentric cam (48) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (46) through a reduction mechanism; The eccentric cam (48) has an initial position in which the profile surface of the eccentric cam (48) abuts against or separates from the male head unit (42), and the male head unit (42) remains separated from the female head unit (41); When the motor (46) is energized, it drives the eccentric cam (48) to rotate from the initial position. The contour surface of the eccentric cam (48) pushes the male head unit (42) to move toward the female head unit (41), or the contour surface of the eccentric cam (48) contacts the male head unit (42) and pushes the male head unit (42) to move, so that the male head unit (42) docks with the female head unit (41) and establishes fluid communication.

[0038] The first to seventh types of electrically controlled quick-connect couplings (i.e., claims 4 to 10) can be used as electrically controlled liquid injection valves in the fire protection system of the energy storage device described in claims 1, 2, and 3. How the male and female connectors are separated after the electrically controlled quick-connect couplings are connected is not the subject of this application and does not constitute a limitation on the claims of this application.

[0039] The advantages of this solution are: the fire-fighting medium is inexpensive and abundant; the fire-fighting system has a simple structure, low cost, and safe maintenance; it enables automatic control of energy storage unit-level fire protection; it is applicable to various energy storage devices such as battery energy storage devices and capacitor energy storage devices, and has wide applicability; it meets the needs of different application scenarios by using two different valve keeping methods; the electric quick-connect coupling achieves automatic docking of male and female connectors through electromagnet or motor drive, which is suitable for fire-fighting systems for energy storage devices that require remote automatic control and prevention of valve leakage damage to equipment, and is also suitable for other applications with similar requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fire protection system of the energy storage device in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a reclosed pressure relief device installed at the drain port of the energy storage unit.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an electrically controlled quick-connect coupling (Example 4).

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electrically controlled quick-connect coupling (Example 5).

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an electrically controlled quick-connect coupling (Example 7).

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an electrically controlled quick-connect coupling (Example 8).

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an electrically controlled quick-connect coupling (Example 9). Detailed Implementation

[0047] The following embodiments use water as the fire-fighting fluid for illustration, but the fire-fighting fluid described in this application is not limited to water. The embodiments are merely one or more specific implementations of the claims and should not be used as a basis for limiting the claims. I. Example 1

[0048] This embodiment provides a fire protection system for an energy storage device. The electrically controlled injection valve is a self-holding normally closed electrically controlled valve, which is a specific implementation of claim 3. Figure 1 As shown, the fire protection system includes: an energy storage unit (1), which includes an energy storage unit shell (11), multiple energy storage elements (12) disposed in the inner cavity of the energy storage unit shell (11), and an injection port (13) and a drain port (14) opened in the energy storage unit shell (11), wherein the energy storage elements (12) can be batteries or capacitors, etc.; an injection piping system (2), which includes multiple injection branch pipes (21) and an injection main pipe (22), the injection main pipe (22) is provided with an external interface (23), and the multiple injection branch pipes (21) are all connected to the injection main pipe (22); a drain piping system (3), which includes multiple drain branch pipes (31) and a drain main pipe (32), the drain main pipe (32) is provided with a pipe system drain port (33), and the multiple drain branch pipes (31) are all connected to the drain main pipe (32); an electrically controlled injection valve (4); a control unit (5); a cluster electrical box (6); and an air conditioning and other electrical equipment compartment (7). In addition, the energy storage unit housing (11) is also provided with a top cover (111), a front panel (112), a power output positive terminal (113), a power output negative terminal (114), a manual maintenance switch (MSD) terminal (115), and an energy storage element management system socket terminal (116). Figure 1 For the sake of clarity, the control signal lines between the control unit (5) and the electronically controlled injection valve (4) and the detection signal lines between the control unit (5) and the energy storage unit (1) are not shown in the schematic system block diagram. These signal connections are implemented in a conventional manner, which can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0049] When the energy storage device is operating normally without thermal runaway, fire, or explosion, the electrically controlled injection valve (4) is closed. Even if the injection pipeline (2) is connected to the external fire water, it will not affect the operation of the energy storage device. When the control unit (5) detects and determines that thermal runaway (fire or explosion) has occurred in any energy storage element (12) in the energy storage unit (1), it operates the relevant equipment and, after confirming that injection is possible, sends an opening signal to the electrically controlled injection valve (4) corresponding to the energy storage unit (1). In this embodiment, the electrically controlled injection valve (4) is a self-holding normally closed electrically controlled valve. It opens after receiving the opening signal and will not automatically close even if the opening signal is removed. Water is injected into the energy storage unit (1) from the injection branch pipe (21), and water is discharged from the drain port (14), drain branch pipe (31), drain main pipe (32), and pipeline drain port (33). The continuously injected and discharged water carries away the heat and gas generated by thermal runaway until the energy storage unit returns to a safe state. After the energy storage unit is restored to a safe state, the electrically controlled liquid injection valve (4) can be manually closed for subsequent maintenance and other procedures.

[0050] If the energy storage element (12) catches fire (or explodes), its pressure relief port will usually open, and the pressurized electrolyte will flow out from the pressure relief port of the energy storage element (12). The electrolyte can be carried away by the continuously injected and discharged water. If the water level can submerge the pressure relief port of the energy storage element (12), it will help prevent the flame from overflowing and prevent it from affecting nearby energy storage elements (12). As the exothermic reaction of the fire-damaged energy storage element (12) gradually decays, the pressure inside the shell of the fire-damaged energy storage element gradually decreases, and water will flow into the shell of the energy storage element (12). Due to the reduction of electrolyte and the inflow of water, the electrolyte concentration decreases, which further promotes the decay of the exothermic reaction, thereby bringing the energy storage unit back to a safe state.

[0051] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand, upon reading this embodiment, that both claims 1 and 2 employ specific implementation methods of a self-holding normally closed electrically controlled valve. II. Example 2

[0052] This embodiment is a specific implementation of claim 3. The difference from embodiment 1 is that the electrically controlled injection valve (4) is a normal normally closed solenoid valve. When the control unit (5) determines that the energy storage unit (1) needs to be injected, it sends an opening electrical signal to the electrically controlled injection valve (4) and continuously maintains the opening electrical signal to keep the electrically controlled injection valve (4) in the open state so that water is continuously injected into and discharged from the energy storage unit. When the energy storage unit returns to a safe state, the opening electrical signal can be manually removed to close the electrically controlled injection valve (4).

[0053] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand, upon reading this embodiment, that both claims 1 and 2 employ the specific implementation method of a conventional normally closed solenoid valve. III. Example 3

[0054] This embodiment provides a scheme for installing a reclosed pressure relief device at the drain port of the energy storage unit, which can be considered a preferred implementation of the system described in claim 3. Figure 2 As shown, the system includes: an energy storage unit (1), which includes an energy storage unit housing (11), multiple energy storage elements (12) disposed in the inner cavity of the energy storage unit housing (11), a drain port (14) on the energy storage unit housing (11), and a reclosed pressure relief device (15) disposed at the drain port (14); wherein, the energy storage element (12) includes a pressure relief port (120) and an electrode (121); furthermore, 1200 is the height of the pressure relief port of the energy storage element (relative to the bottom plate), and 1400 is the bottom height of the drain port (relative to the bottom plate). The figure also shows the upper cover plate (111), the front panel (112), and the drain branch pipe (31) and the drain main pipe (32) of the energy storage unit housing (11). Among the above components, 1, 11, 111, 112, 12, 14, 31, and 32 are related to Figure 1 Same. The re-closed pressure relief device (15) in this embodiment uses a silicone anti-odor floor drain core.

[0055] Typically, liquid-cooled energy storage units (1) require isolation between the internal and external environments. A re-closing pressure relief device (15) is installed at the drain port (14). Under normal circumstances (i.e., without thermal runaway, fire, or explosion), the re-closing pressure relief device (15) is closed, thus achieving isolation between the internal and external environments. When water needs to be injected for fire fighting, the re-closing pressure relief device (15) can actively establish a drainage channel (it will automatically close when the water pressure drops below its reseating pressure). The set pressure of the re-closing pressure relief device (15) is denoted as P1. The setting of P1 should meet the following conditions: when water is introduced into the inner cavity of the energy storage unit (1) and pressurization is achieved, P1 should be low enough to ensure that the re-closing pressure relief device (15) can be reliably opened, thereby establishing a drainage channel; at the same time, P1 should be less than the minimum pressure bearing capacity of the outer shell (11) of the energy storage unit to prevent the outer shell from being damaged due to excessive pressure.

[0056] The higher the water level inside the energy storage unit (1), the better it is to suppress thermal runaway and extinguish fire. If the water level can submerge the pressure relief port of the energy storage element (12), when the thermal runaway of the energy storage element (12) develops into a fire, the pressure relief port (120) of the energy storage element (12) will open, and the pressurized electrolyte will flow out into the water and be carried away by the continuously injected and discharged water. At the same time, because the water submerges the pressure relief port (120) of the energy storage element (12), it is beneficial to prevent the flame from overflowing and prevent it from affecting the nearby energy storage element (12). As the exothermic reaction of the fire-damaged energy storage element (12) gradually decays, the pressure inside its cavity gradually decreases, and water will flow into its cavity. Due to the reduction of electrolyte and the inflow of water, the electrolyte concentration decreases, which further promotes the decay of the exothermic reaction, thereby allowing the energy storage unit to return to a safe state. The reseating pressure of the pressure relief device is denoted as P2. If P2 is not less than the water column pressure corresponding to the absolute value of the height of the pressure relief port of the energy storage element (1200) minus the height of the lowest point of the pressure relief device, the pressure relief device can ensure that the water can submerge the pressure relief port (120) of the energy storage element (12).

[0057] The flow channels of the drain port (14) and the drain branch pipe (31) are configured such that the lowest point of at least one flow channel cross-section is higher than the pressure relief port (120) of the energy storage element (12), which can also meet the requirement of water submersion of the pressure relief port (120) of the energy storage element (12). In this embodiment, the bottom height (1400) of the drain port is higher than the height (1200) of the pressure relief port of the energy storage element.

[0058] Typically, the energy storage unit housing (11) is also equipped with an explosion-proof vent valve (a combination of a pressure relief device and a venting device). Its set pressure, reseating pressure, and installation position should be matched with the highest point of the flow channel of the drain port (14) and the drain branch pipe (31) to prevent the explosion-proof vent valve from being accidentally opened due to water pressure during normal drainage (i.e., the set pressure of the explosion-proof vent valve should be higher than the maximum water pressure that may be reached during normal drainage). The explosion-proof vent valve should preferably be installed at a high position on the facade of the energy storage unit housing (11), and if necessary, it can be installed on the upper cover plate (111) of the energy storage unit housing (11).

[0059] The set pressure P1 of the re-closing pressure relief device (15) should be less than the set pressure of the explosion-proof vent valve, and the reseating pressure P2 of the re-closing pressure relief device (15) should also be less than the reseating pressure of the explosion-proof vent valve. This ensures that during normal drainage, the re-closing pressure relief device opens before the explosion-proof vent valve, and the explosion-proof vent valve will not open accidentally due to water pressure. When an explosion causes a sharp increase in the internal pressure of the energy storage unit, the explosion-proof vent valve will open normally to release pressure because the pressure exceeds the set pressure of the explosion-proof vent valve. At this time, the re-closing pressure relief device (because its set pressure is lower) will also open, and the explosion-proof vent valve will reseating before the re-closing pressure relief device (leaking a small amount of water from the explosion-proof vent valve), which does not affect the function of the fire protection system.

[0060] A pressure relief device is a device that automatically opens a flow channel to release pressure when the internal pressure of a container reaches a predetermined value. A re-closing pressure relief device can automatically close the flow channel when the pressure drops to a threshold value. The set pressure is the pressure threshold that causes the flow channel of the pressure relief device to open; the reseating pressure is the pressure threshold that causes the flow channel of the pressure relief device to switch from the open state to the closed state. Reseating refers to the pressure relief device switching from the open state to the closed state. In engineering practice, pressure is also sometimes referred to as pressure intensity.

[0061] The closed-loop pressure relief device can also prevent the drainage from the high-level energy storage unit from flowing back into the low-level energy storage unit.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand from this embodiment that a non-reclosing pressure relief device can serve the same function at the drain outlet. However, the setting pressure of a non-reclosing pressure relief device requires consideration of more factors. If it also needs to prevent backflow, its forward (opening from the inside to the outside) setting pressure and reverse (opening from the outside to the inside) setting pressure may be different. The reclosing or non-reclosing pressure relief device in this embodiment is not essential for achieving the fire protection function of this application. Those skilled in the art can choose to install or not install it, and how to install it, as needed, without affecting the scope of protection of this application. IV. Example 4

[0063] This embodiment provides an electromagnet-driven electrically controlled quick-change connector, which is a specific implementation of claim 4. For example... Figure 3 As shown, it includes a support (400), a fixed bracket (401), a sliding bracket (402), a female head unit (41), a male head unit (42), an electromagnet (431), and an iron core (432).

[0064] The female connector unit (41) is fixedly mounted on the support (400) and the fixed bracket (401). The male connector unit (42) is axially movable on the sliding bracket (402) and is opposite to the female connector unit (41). The axial direction is the common centerline direction when the male connector unit (42) and the female connector unit (41) are connected.

[0065] The electromagnet (431) is fixedly mounted on the support (400), and its coil ends are led out for connecting to an external control unit. The electromagnet (431) has a movable iron core (432), which is configured to contact the male connector (42) and push the male connector (42) when it moves.

[0066] When the electromagnet (431) is not energized, the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) remain separated.

[0067] When the electromagnet (431) is energized, it drives the iron core (432) to move, which in turn drives the male head unit (42) to move toward the female head unit (41), so that the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

[0068] Appendix to this embodiment Figure 3 When the electromagnet (431) is not energized, there is a small axial gap between the end of the iron core (432) and the rear end face of the male head unit (42). When the electromagnet (431) is energized, the iron core (432) moves toward the female head unit (41) to eliminate the gap. Then the end of the iron core (432) contacts the male head unit (42) and continues to push forward, causing the male head unit (42) to move toward the female head unit (41) until the two are connected.

[0069] It should be noted that the cooperation relationship between the iron core (432) and the male connector unit (42) in this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned "push with gap" method. Based on the same concept of this invention, those skilled in the art can use other cooperation methods that can also achieve "the electromagnet moves the male connector unit towards the female connector unit after being energized" without creative effort, for example: ① Connection method: One end of the iron core (432) is fixedly connected (such as threaded connection, pin connection) or hinged to the male connector unit (42). When the electromagnet is energized, the iron core moves, pushing or pulling the male connector unit (42) towards the female connector unit (41) to achieve docking. Whether it is pushing or pulling depends on the relative position of the iron core (432) and the male connector unit (42) (according to...). Figure 3 (Direction: if the iron core is on the right side of the male connector, push it; if it is on the left side, pull it.) ② Gapless contact method: One end of the iron core (432) is in direct contact with the male connector unit (42) in the initial state (end faces abutting), but without fixed constraints. After the electromagnet is energized, the iron core moves towards the female connector, directly pushing the male connector unit to achieve docking. V. Example 5

[0070] This embodiment provides a biased misaligned electronically controlled quick-connect connector, which is a specific implementation of claim 6. For example... Figure 4 As shown, it includes a support (400), a fixed bracket (401), a sliding bracket (402), a female connector unit (41), a male connector unit (42), a biasing element (44), an electromagnet (431), and an iron core (432).

[0071] The female connector unit (41) is fixedly mounted on the support (400) and the fixed bracket (401). The male connector unit (42) is movably mounted on the sliding bracket (402) along the axial direction and movably mounted laterally, opposite to the female connector unit (41). Herein, the axial direction is the direction of the common center line when the male connector unit and the female connector unit are connected, and the lateral direction is the direction perpendicular to the axial direction.

[0072] The biasing element (44) continuously applies an axial biasing force toward the female connector unit (41) to the male connector unit (42). The biasing element (44) may be a compression spring, a tension spring, a torsion spring, elastic rubber, a magnetic element, or other element capable of providing a continuous biasing force. In this embodiment, the biasing element (44) is a compression spring, disposed between the rear end of the male connector unit (42) and the support (400).

[0073] When the electromagnet (431) is not energized, the male connector (42) and the female connector (41) are misaligned, meaning the axis of the male connector (42) and the axis of the female connector (41) are not on the same straight line (misaligned laterally). At this time, the male connector (42) abuts against the limiting structure and cannot move towards the female connector. In this embodiment, the limiting structure is the outer edge of the female connector (41), and the male connector (42) directly abuts against this outer edge.

[0074] The electromagnet (431) is fixedly mounted on the support (400), with its coil ends leading out for connection to an external control unit. The electromagnet (431) has a movable iron core (432) arranged laterally, with one end abutting against the male connector unit (42). In this embodiment, the iron core (432) abuts against the male connector unit (42) with no initial gap.

[0075] When the electromagnet (431) is energized, it drives the iron core (432) to move laterally (in this embodiment, the iron core extends out), which in turn drives the male connector (42) to move laterally, aligning the axis of the male connector (42) with the axis of the female connector (41). At this time, the male connector (42) disengages from the limiting structure (outer edge of the female connector) and moves towards the female connector (41) under the axial biasing force of the biasing element (44) until it docks with the female connector (41), establishing fluid communication.

[0076] It should be noted that the method of achieving "the iron core driving the male connector to move laterally for alignment" in this invention is not limited to the aforementioned form of iron core extension. Based on the same concept of this invention, those skilled in the art can employ other matching methods that can also achieve lateral alignment, such as: the iron core and the male connector unit are fixedly connected or hinged; or the iron core and the male connector unit initially have a small gap, which is eliminated by energization and movement before contact is made and the male connector moves laterally. The direction of movement of the iron core can be extension (pushing) or retraction (pulling), as long as the male connector unit is ultimately moved laterally until the axis is aligned. All the above alternative methods fall within the protection scope of claim 6 of this invention. VI. Example 6

[0077] This embodiment provides a static iron core attraction-type electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, which is an implementation of claims 5 and 7. It includes a support, a fixed bracket, a sliding bracket, a female connector unit, a male connector unit, and an electromagnet. The female connector unit is fixedly mounted on the support and the fixed bracket. The male connector unit is axially movably mounted on the sliding bracket (in claim 7, the male connector unit is also laterally movably mounted), opposite to the female connector unit. A ferromagnetic material is fixedly mounted on the male connector unit (e.g., an iron block or sheet is embedded in the male connector unit, or the entire unit is made of ferromagnetic material).

[0078] The electromagnet is fixedly mounted on the support, and its coil ends are led out for connection to an external control unit. The electromagnet has a fixed stationary iron core. For the axial attraction scheme (claim 5), the stationary iron core is axially opposite to the ferromagnetic material on the male connector unit; for the lateral attraction alignment scheme (claim 7), the stationary iron core is located on the lateral side of the male connector unit.

[0079] When the electromagnet is not energized, the male and female connectors remain separated (or misaligned). When the electromagnet is energized, the stationary iron core generates a magnetic field, attracting the ferromagnetic material on the male connector, causing the male connector to move in a predetermined direction (for claim 5, it moves directly axially towards the female connector; for claim 7, it first moves laterally to align, and then moves axially under bias), ultimately achieving docking between the male and female connectors and establishing fluid communication.

[0080] In this embodiment, the male connector unit itself can be a non-ferromagnetic material such as plastic; only a ferromagnetic material needs to be placed in an appropriate location. This ferromagnetic material can be an iron block, sheet, ring, etc., and can be either detachable or fixedly connected. Those skilled in the art can select the shape, size, and installation location of the ferromagnetic material according to actual needs. VII. Example 7

[0081] This embodiment provides a bias-blocking type electrically controlled quick-connect connector, which is a specific implementation of claim 8. For example... Figure 5As shown, it includes a support (400), a fixed bracket (401), a sliding bracket (402), a female connector unit (41), a male connector unit (42), a biasing element (44), an electromagnet (451), and an iron core (452).

[0082] The female head unit (41) is fixedly mounted on the support (400) and the fixed bracket (401). The male head unit (42) is axially movable on the sliding bracket (402) and is opposite to the female head unit (41).

[0083] The biasing element (44) continuously applies a biasing force toward the female connector (41) to the male connector unit (42). The biasing element (44) may be a compression spring, a tension spring, a torsion spring, elastic rubber, a magnetic element, or other element capable of providing a continuous biasing force. In this embodiment, the biasing element (44) is a compression spring, disposed between the rear end of the male connector unit (42) and the support (400).

[0084] An electromagnet (451) is fixedly mounted on the support (400), with its coil ends leading out for connection to an external control unit. The electromagnet (451) has a movable iron core (452), the end of which abuts against the male connector (42) when the electromagnet (451) is not energized, to prevent the male connector (42) from moving toward the female connector (41).

[0085] When the electromagnet (451) is energized, it drives the iron core (452) to move (in this embodiment, the iron core retracts backward), causing the end of the iron core (452) to release from contact with the male connector (42). At this time, the male connector (42) moves towards the female connector (41) under the biasing force of the biasing element (44) until it docks with the female connector (41), establishing fluid communication.

[0086] It should be noted that the method of "releasing the contact after the electromagnet is energized" in this invention is not limited to the form of the iron core retracting backward as described above. Based on the same concept of this invention, those skilled in the art can adopt other matching methods that can also achieve the release of the contact, such as: the iron core moves after being energized (the direction of movement can be horizontal, axial or oblique). As long as the end of the iron core (452) no longer abuts against the male connector unit (42) after the movement (such as the end of the iron core shifting laterally away from the contact surface, or axially moving forward past the blocking position, etc.), the obstruction to the male connector unit can be released, allowing the male connector unit to move towards the female connector unit for docking under the action of the bias element. All of the above alternative methods are within the protection scope of claim 8 of this invention. VIII. Example 8

[0087] This embodiment provides a motor-driven, electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, which is a specific implementation of claim 9. For example... Figure 6 As shown, it includes a support (400), a fixed bracket (401), a sliding bracket (402), a female head unit (41), a male head unit (42), a motor (46), and a transmission mechanism (47).

[0088] The female head unit (41) is fixedly mounted on the support (400) and the fixed bracket (401). The male head unit (42) is axially movable on the sliding bracket (402) and is opposite to the female head unit (41).

[0089] The transmission mechanism (47) is fixedly mounted on the support (400). The motor (46) is fixedly mounted on the transmission mechanism (47), and its power line is led out to connect to an external control unit. The motor (46) can be a general motor, a stepper motor, a servo motor, etc.

[0090] The transmission mechanism (47) includes a lead screw (471) and a fixed nut, the lead screw (471) being threadedly engaged with the nut. The lead screw (471) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (46), and there is an axial clearance between the end of the lead screw (471) and the rear end face of the male connector (42).

[0091] When the motor (46) is not energized, the male connector unit (42) remains separate from the female connector unit (41).

[0092] When the motor (46) is energized, it drives the lead screw (471) to rotate. The lead screw (471) moves axially with the cooperation of the nut, first eliminating the gap between it and the male connector (42). Then, the end of the lead screw (471) contacts the male connector (42) and continues to push the male connector (42) towards the female connector (41), so that the male connector (42) and the female connector (41) are connected and fluid communication is established.

[0093] It should be noted that the transmission mechanism (47) described in this embodiment is exemplified by a lead screw, but this application is not limited to this. Those skilled in the art, based on the same concept of this invention, may also employ other forms of transmission mechanisms, such as gear and rack mechanisms, crank-slider mechanisms, connecting rod mechanisms, etc., as long as they can convert the rotational motion of the motor into linear motion that drives the male head unit to move axially. All of the above alternative methods fall within the protection scope of claim 9 of this invention. IX. Example 9

[0094] This embodiment provides an eccentric cam-type electrically controlled quick-change connector, which is a specific implementation of claim 10. For example... Figure 7 As shown, it includes a support (400), a fixed bracket (401), a sliding bracket (402), a female head unit (41), a male head unit (42), a motor (46), and a transmission mechanism (47).

[0095] The female head unit (41) is fixedly mounted on the support (400) and the fixed bracket (401). The male head unit (42) is axially movable on the sliding bracket (402) and is opposite to the female head unit (41).

[0096] The transmission mechanism (47) is fixedly mounted on the support (400). The motor (46) is fixedly mounted on the transmission mechanism (47), and its power line is led out for connecting to an external control unit. The motor (46) can be a general motor, a stepper motor, or a servo motor.

[0097] The transmission mechanism (47) includes a reduction mechanism and an eccentric cam (48). The input end of the reduction mechanism is connected to the output shaft of the motor (46), and the output end of the reduction mechanism is connected to the eccentric cam (48).

[0098] The profile surface of the eccentric cam (48) is configured to contact the male connector (42) and push the male connector (42) to move when rotated under the drive of the electric motor (46). The eccentric cam (48) has an initial position in which the profile surface of the eccentric cam (48) is separated from the male connector (42).

[0099] When the motor (46) is not energized, the male connector unit (42) remains separate from the female connector unit (41).

[0100] When the motor (46) is powered, the eccentric cam (48) is driven to rotate from the initial position through the reduction mechanism. The contour surface of the eccentric cam (48) contacts and pushes the male head unit (42) to move towards the female head unit (41), so that the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

[0101] It should be noted that the cooperation method between the eccentric cam (48) and the male connector unit (42) in this invention is not limited to the above-described form. Based on the same concept of this invention, those skilled in the art can adopt other cooperation methods, such as: there is a small gap between the contour surface and the male connector unit in the initial position (i.e., in this example), or they abut each other, or they are indirectly in contact through rollers, etc. In addition, the reduction mechanism is not necessary. When the speed and torque of the motor meet the requirements of driving the eccentric cam to rotate and push the male connector unit, the reduction mechanism can be omitted, and the eccentric cam (48) can be directly connected to the output shaft of the motor (46). All the above alternative methods are within the protection scope of claim 10 of this invention. 10. Other descriptions of the embodiments

[0102] In this application, "first," "second," etc., are codes and do not represent order, importance, or priority.

[0103] To address the potential increase in leakage current after water injection, corresponding measures can be taken to reduce it. Based on electrical principles, the leakage current in a liquid is I = σ·V·S / L, where I represents the current (A), σ is the conductivity of the liquid (S / m), V is the voltage between electrodes (V), S is the area of ​​the electrodes exposed in the liquid (m²), and L is the distance between the electrodes (m). Reducing the area S of the electrodes exposed in the liquid reduces the leakage current I. For energy storage units, the conductors exposed in water are mainly the connecting pieces between energy storage elements. In existing technologies, the surface of these connecting pieces is typically not insulated. For assembled energy storage element groups, the reverse side of the connecting piece (the side closest to the energy storage element housing) is blocked by the housing, making it difficult (but not impossible) to apply insulating varnish. However, applying insulating varnish to the front side of the connecting piece is easier. Since the front area of ​​the connecting piece is larger than the reverse side (due to the reduced surface area caused by welding the reverse side to the positive and negative electrodes of the energy storage element), applying insulating varnish only to the front side of the connecting piece can reduce the leakage current by more than half. Insulating varnish can also be applied to exposed conductor surfaces such as lead wire connectors and electronic components. If necessary, insulating varnish can also be applied to all or part of the back of the connecting pieces. Applying insulating varnish can potentially reduce leakage current to near zero. Currently, insulating varnishes with good insulation performance, high temperature resistance, and long water resistance are available on the market. The largest existing battery packs typically contain 104 batteries connected in series. Assuming a maximum voltage of 3.8V for each battery, the maximum voltage of the battery pack does not exceed 400V, so the insulation performance requirements for the insulating varnish are not high; the same applies to capacitor packs. The cost increase from applying insulating varnish is limited, making such battery packs and capacitor packs more suitable for water-based fire suppression systems. Furthermore, using water with low conductivity can also reduce leakage current. If necessary, a fire water tank of sufficient capacity can be constructed, and water treatment facilities such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis can be used to maintain the water quality at low conductivity. This application is for energy storage unit-level fire suppression, requiring a small amount of fire water; therefore, the fire water tank does not need to be very large. The above-mentioned control of leakage current is not the core technology of this application, but merely a preferred solution for implementing the fire suppression system of this application, and does not constitute a limitation on the claims of this application. Since the control unit disconnects the external circuit before water is added, and no loop is formed, the maximum voltage of a single energy storage unit is several hundred volts, so immersion in water will not cause serious danger.

[0104] The energy storage device of this application can be installed in a prefabricated cabin, a building, or other space. The control unit (5) can be used by one set of energy storage devices, multiple sets of energy storage devices can share one unit, one set of energy storage systems can use multiple units, or multiple sets of energy storage devices can share multiple units. The control unit (5) can be installed in other spaces or distributed in different spaces.

[0105] The drainage system (3) is not a necessary component for realizing the fire protection function of this application. Its main function is to guide the orderly discharge of fire-fighting fluid and avoid water immersion. Therefore, the drain port (14) can directly drain the fluid to the outside naturally, or it can be connected to the drain branch pipe (31) for drainage, or it can be connected to the drainage system (3) for drainage. This does not constitute a limitation on the core solution of this application. As a preferred solution, the drain port (33) of the pipe system should preferably be set at a low position (e.g., connected to a trench or collection tank) so that the fire-fighting fluid can be discharged smoothly by gravity. If it needs to be set at a high position due to installation conditions, it can also be discharged by pressure drainage or other methods. These are all conventional designs in this field and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0106] A single energy storage device can be equipped with multiple injection piping systems and multiple drainage piping systems. Furthermore, the connection sequence of injection branch pipes, electrically controlled injection valves, and injection ports can be adjusted, and the arrangement of drainage ports can also be changed according to actual needs. Other arrangements with the same substantial function, such as integrating some functions of the injection and drainage piping systems, changing the routing or connection method of the piping systems, etc., all fall under the equivalent substitutions of this application and are protected within the scope of this application. Adding other fire protection systems outside the fire protection system of this application, such as adding gas fire suppression systems to the energy storage unit, or adding cabin-level water fire suppression, cluster-level water fire suppression, cabin-level gas fire suppression, cluster-level gas fire suppression, etc., to the prefabricated cabin-type energy storage device, does not constitute a limitation on the rights of this application.

[0107] In Embodiment 1, both the injection port (13) and the drain port (14) are located on the front panel (112) of the energy storage unit housing (11). This is mainly because energy storage units are typically large and heavy, and the gaps between energy storage units are small. Having the injection port and drain port on the front panel facilitates installation, maintenance, inspection, and observation. However, this location choice is not a limitation of the claims in this application; the injection port and drain port can also be located on other surfaces of the energy storage unit housing.

[0108] Regarding the electronically controlled quick-connect coupling technology, those skilled in the art will understand that the roles of the male and female connectors are interchangeable. That is, setting the male connector to be movable and the female connector to be fixed (as described in the claims), or setting the male connector to be fixed and the female connector to be movable, both achieve the basic functions of docking and fluid communication. This interchangeability is an equivalent implementation that can be conceived by those skilled in the art without inventive effort after reading this application, and should be considered to fall within the scope of protection covered by the claims of this application.

[0109] The bias-blocking type electronically controlled quick-connect coupling (Example 7) uses the end of the iron core (452) directly as a blocking block. Those skilled in the art will understand that using a blocking block independent of the iron core and connecting the iron core to the blocking block to drive its movement can also achieve the purpose of this application. This is an equivalent substitution of this application and falls within the protection scope of this application.

[0110] Furthermore, the "pushing" or "driving" described in the various embodiments of the electronically controlled quick-connect coupling does not limit the direction of movement of the output end of the core or transmission mechanism. As long as the male connector (or the movable one) can ultimately move towards the female connector (or the fixed one) and achieve docking, regardless of whether a push, pull, or other transmission method is used, it is an equivalent variation of the technical solution of this application.

[0111] As a preferred embodiment, in electrically controlled quick-connect couplings, regardless of whether electromagnet or motor drive is used, a limiting device (such as a position sensor, microswitch, or current detection circuit) can be incorporated to detect the completion of the docking between the male and female connectors, and automatically cut off the power to the electromagnet coil or motor upon completion of docking. This saves energy and prevents the electromagnet or motor from overheating due to prolonged energization. This limiting device and its control method are conventional technologies in the field, and this application does not specifically limit them. Whether or not a limiting device is provided, and how it is provided, does not constitute a limitation on the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A fire protection system for an energy storage device, characterized in that, include: Multiple energy storage units (1), each energy storage unit (1) includes an energy storage unit housing (11) and multiple energy storage elements (12) disposed in the inner cavity of the energy storage unit housing (11). The energy storage unit housing (11) has independent liquid injection ports (13) and liquid discharge ports (14). The liquid injection system (2) includes a main liquid injection pipe (22) and multiple branch liquid injection pipes (21). The main liquid injection pipe (22) is provided with an external interface (23) for connecting to an external fire-fighting liquid source. Multiple electrically controlled liquid injection valves (4), wherein the electrically controlled liquid injection valves (4) are normally closed electrically controlled valves, the first port of the electrically controlled liquid injection valves (4) is connected one-to-one with the liquid injection port (13) of the outer shell (11) of the energy storage unit, and the second port of the electrically controlled liquid injection valves (4) is connected one-to-one with the liquid injection branch pipe (21); The control unit (5) is electrically connected to the valve opening control circuit of the electrically controlled injection valve (4); The control unit (5) is configured to: when it is determined that any of the energy storage units (1) needs to be injected with fire-fighting fluid, send an opening signal to the electrically controlled injection valve (4) corresponding to the energy storage unit (1), and keep the electrically controlled injection valve (4) in the open state by any of the following methods: (a) The electrically controlled injection valve (4) is a self-holding normally closed electrically controlled valve, which opens upon receiving the valve opening electrical signal, and will not automatically close even if the valve opening electrical signal is removed; or (b) After sending the valve opening electrical signal, the control unit (5) continues to maintain the valve opening electrical signal so that the electrically controlled injection valve (4) remains open.

2. The fire protection system for the energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple drainage pipes (31), which are connected one-to-one with the drainage port (14) of the energy storage unit shell (11).

3. The fire protection system for the energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a main drain pipe (32), and the drain branch pipes (31) are all connected to the main drain pipe (32). The main drain pipe (32) is provided with a pipe system drain port (33) for draining.

4. An electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, characterized in that, include: The female head unit (41) is fixedly installed; The male head unit (42) is movably disposed along the axial direction and is opposite to the female head unit (41); An electromagnet (431) is fixedly installed, with its coil ends leading out for connection to an external control unit. The electromagnet (431) has a movable iron core (432), one end of which is connected to or abuts against the male connector (42), or the iron core (432) is configured to contact and push the male connector (42) when it moves. When the electromagnet (431) is energized, it drives the iron core (432) to move, which in turn moves the male head unit (42) toward the female head unit (41), so that the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

5. An electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, characterized in that, include: The female head unit is fixed in place. The male connector unit is movably disposed along the axial direction and is opposite to the female connector unit. The male connector unit is provided with ferromagnetic material. An electromagnet is fixedly installed, with its coil leads extending out at both ends for connection to an external control unit, and the electromagnet having a fixed stationary iron core. When the electromagnet is energized, the stationary iron core generates a magnetic field that attracts the ferromagnetic material on the male connector unit, causing the male connector unit to move toward the female connector unit until the male connector unit and the female connector unit are connected, thus establishing fluid communication.

6. An electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, characterized in that, include: The female head unit (41) is fixedly installed; The male head unit (42) is movably disposed along the axial direction and movably disposed along the transverse direction, opposite to the female head unit (41); The biasing element (44) always applies a biasing force toward the female connector (41) to the male connector unit (42); A limiting structure is provided to prevent the male head unit (42) from moving toward the female head unit (41) when the axes of the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are misaligned. An electromagnet (431) is fixedly installed. The two ends of the coil of the electromagnet (431) are led out for connecting to an external control unit. The electromagnet (431) has a movable iron core (432). One end of the iron core (432) is connected to or abuts against the male connector (42), or the iron core (432) is configured to contact the male connector (42) and drive the male connector (42) to move laterally when moving. When the electromagnet (431) is not energized, the axes of the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are offset from each other, and the male head unit (42) abuts against the limiting structure; When the electromagnet (431) is energized, it drives the iron core (432) to move, which in turn drives the male connector (42) to move laterally, so that the axis of the male connector (42) is aligned with that of the female connector (41). At the same time, the male connector (42) disengages from the limiting structure. Under the biasing force of the biasing element (44), the male connector (42) moves toward the female connector (41), so that the male connector (42) and the female connector (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

7. An electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, characterized in that, include: The female head unit is fixed in place. The male connector unit is movably disposed along the axial direction and movably disposed along the transverse direction, and is opposite to the female connector unit. The male connector unit is provided with ferromagnetic material. The biasing element always applies a biasing force toward the female connector to the male connector unit; A limiting structure is used to prevent the male connector from moving toward the female connector when the axes of the male connector and the female connector are misaligned. An electromagnet is fixedly installed, with its coil leads extending out at both ends for connection to an external control unit. The electromagnet has a fixed stationary iron core, which is located on one side of the male connector unit. When the electromagnet is not energized, the axes of the male connector and the female connector are offset from each other, and the male connector abuts against the limiting structure. When the electromagnet is energized, the stationary iron core generates a magnetic field that attracts the ferromagnetic material on the male connector unit, causing the male connector unit to move laterally and align its axis with that of the female connector unit. At the same time, the male connector unit disengages from the limiting structure and moves towards the female connector unit under the biasing force of the biasing element, thus connecting the male connector unit with the female connector unit and establishing fluid communication.

8. An electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, characterized in that, include: The female head unit (41) is fixedly installed; The male head unit (42) is movably disposed along the axial direction and is opposite to the female head unit (41); The biasing element (44) always applies a biasing force toward the female connector (41) to the male connector unit (42); An electromagnet (451) is fixedly installed. The two ends of the coil of the electromagnet (451) are led out for connection to an external control unit. The electromagnet (451) has a movable iron core (452). When the electromagnet (451) is not energized, the end of the iron core (452) abuts against the male connector (42) to prevent the male connector (42) from moving toward the female connector (41). When the electromagnet (451) is energized, it drives the iron core (452) to move, causing the end of the iron core (452) to release from contact with the male connector (42). Under the biasing force of the biasing element (44), the male connector (42) moves towards the female connector (41), so that the male connector (42) and the female connector (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

9. An electrically controlled quick-connect coupling, characterized in that, include: The female head unit (41) is fixedly installed; The male head unit (42) is movably disposed along the axial direction and is opposite to the female head unit (41); The electric motor (46) is fixedly installed, and its power cord is led out for connecting to an external control unit; The transmission mechanism (47) is fixedly installed, with its input end connected to the output shaft of the motor (46) and its output end connected to or abutting the male connector unit (42), or the output end is configured to contact the male connector unit (42) and push the male connector unit (42) when it moves under the drive of the motor (46). When the motor (46) is energized, it drives the male head unit (42) to move toward the female head unit (41) through the transmission mechanism (47), so that the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

10. The electrically controlled quick-connect coupling according to claim 9, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism (47) includes an eccentric cam (48); the eccentric cam (48) is directly connected to the output shaft of the motor (46), or the eccentric cam (48) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (46) through a reduction mechanism; the eccentric cam (48) has an initial position, in which the profile surface of the eccentric cam (48) abuts against or separates from the male head unit (42), and the male head unit (42) remains separated from the female head unit (41); when the motor (46) is energized, it drives the eccentric cam (48) to rotate from the initial position, the profile surface of the eccentric cam (48) pushes the male head unit (42) to move toward the female head unit (41), or the profile surface of the eccentric cam (48) contacts the male head unit (42) and pushes the male head unit (42) to move, so that the male head unit (42) and the female head unit (41) are connected to establish fluid communication.

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