Electrolyte ion concentration perturbation apparatus and method

Abstract

This application relates to an electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device. Gas is introduced into the electrolyte of a lead-acid battery through an air intake unit. The air intake unit's flow regulation module controls the gas flow rate and pressure, the diameter control unit controls the bubble diameter, and a spiral guide plate controls the bubble residence time. The control unit acquires the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery and generates bubble parameter adjustment commands based on these parameters and preset control rules. Based on these commands, the control unit, flow regulation module, and spiral guide plate are controlled to adjust the bubble diameter, flow rate, and residence time. An exhaust unit discharges the gas from the electrolyte. This application solves the problem of accelerated battery capacity decay caused by lead sulfate crystal accumulation on the electrode plates. Injecting bubbles into the electrolyte promotes liquid flow, alleviates electrolyte stratification, and interferes with the ion concentration in the electrolyte near the electrode plates, making it less likely for lead sulfate crystals on the plates to grow, thus slowing down battery capacity decay.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery charging, and in particular to devices and methods for disturbing electrolyte ion concentration. Background Technology

[0002] Lead-carbon batteries, as an upgrade to lead-acid batteries, improve negative electrode performance by introducing carbon materials. However, under high-rate charge / discharge or high electrolyte concentration conditions, the density of the electrolyte in lead-carbon batteries changes due to chemical reactions. This causes the denser sulfuric acid to sink and the less dense water to rise, resulting in electrolyte stratification. The high concentration of sulfuric acid at the bottom of the plates exacerbates negative electrode corrosion and passivation of active materials. Simultaneously, electrolyte stratification lengthens ion migration paths, reducing overall battery efficiency and accelerating capacity decay.

[0003] Currently, no effective solution has been proposed to address the problem of accelerated battery capacity degradation caused by the accumulation of lead sulfate crystals on the electrode plates in related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device, method, electronic device, and storage medium to at least solve the problem of accelerated battery capacity decay caused by lead sulfate crystal accumulation on the electrode plates in related technologies.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device, characterized in that the device comprises: An air intake unit located at the top of a lead-acid battery is used to introduce gas into the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery. The air intake unit includes a flow regulation module, which is used to control the gas flow rate and gas pressure. A diameter control unit is used to control the diameter of bubbles in the electrolyte; A spiral guide plate is used to control the residence time of air bubbles in the electrolyte; The control unit is used to acquire the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery, generate bubble parameter adjustment instructions based on the electrical parameters and preset control rules, and control the diameter control unit, the flow regulation module and the spiral guide plate based on the bubble parameter adjustment instructions to adjust the bubble diameter, bubble flow rate and bubble residence time. An exhaust unit located on top of the lead-acid battery is used to exhaust gases from the electrolyte. The exhaust unit includes a condensation reflux module for recovering the gases discharged from the electrolyte.

[0006] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters include a real-time SOC value; the control unit includes: The stage division module is used to divide the charging process of the lead-acid battery into different charging stages according to a preset SOC threshold. The flow rate adjustment module is used to determine the current charging stage based on the real-time SOC value, and generate a flow rate adjustment command based on the current charging stage to control the flow rate adjustment module to adjust the bubble flow rate to the corresponding flow rate of the current charging stage.

[0007] In some embodiments, the charging phase includes an initial phase, a middle phase, and a final phase; the flow rate regulation module includes: The first flow rate adjustment module is used to generate a first flow rate adjustment command when the current charging stage is the initial stage, and control the flow rate adjustment module based on the first flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the first flow rate. The second flow rate adjustment module is used to generate a second flow rate adjustment command when the current charging stage is the middle stage, and control the flow rate adjustment module based on the second flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the second flow rate. The third flow rate adjustment module is used to generate a third flow rate adjustment command when the current charging stage is the final stage, and control the flow rate adjustment module based on the third flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the third flow rate, wherein the second flow rate is greater than the first flow rate and the third flow rate is less than the first flow rate.

[0008] In some embodiments, the intake unit includes an intake pipe; the diameter control unit includes: A porous structure is disposed on the intake pipe, the porous structure being used in conjunction with the flow regulation module to collaboratively control the diameter of the gas introduced by the intake unit; and / or An ultrasonic atomizing unit is used to atomize the gas introduced by the air intake unit into micron-sized bubbles.

[0009] In some embodiments, the electrical parameter includes the rate of change of current, and the control unit includes: A diameter adjustment module is configured to generate a diameter adjustment command when the rate of change of the current is greater than a preset threshold, and control the diameter control unit based on the diameter adjustment command to adjust the bubble diameter to below a preset micro / nano-scale diameter threshold; and / or The dwell time adjustment module is used to generate a guide plate control command based on a preset bubble dwell time threshold. During the charging process, the spiral guide plate is controlled based on the guide plate control command so that the bubble dwell time is greater than the preset bubble dwell time threshold.

[0010] In some embodiments, the air intake unit includes an air inlet and an air intake pipe, and a honeycomb baffle is provided above the air inlet to prevent the electrolyte from overflowing; The air intake pipe passes through the air inlet and extends to the bottom of the battery, and the air intake pipe includes a microporous vibrating column parallel to the electrode plate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters include charging current, rate of voltage rise, and electrolyte density change; the control unit includes: The termination judgment module is used to determine whether the lead-acid battery has reached a fully charged state based on the charging current, the voltage rise rate, the electrolyte density change, and the full charge threshold of each parameter. If so, it generates a charging termination command and controls the air intake unit to stop introducing gas based on the charging termination command.

[0012] In some embodiments, the device further includes: The first protection module is used to obtain the electrolyte temperature of the lead-acid battery, and when the electrolyte temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold, adjust the charging current of the lead-acid battery according to the difference between the electrolyte temperature and the preset temperature threshold.

[0013] In some embodiments, the device further includes: The second protection module is used to acquire the electrolyte level of the lead-acid battery and generate an emergency stop command when the electrolyte level drops by a height greater than a preset height threshold; and / or acquire the gas leakage rate of the lead-acid battery and generate an emergency stop command when the gas leakage rate exceeds a preset rate threshold.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a method for perturbing the ion concentration of an electrolyte, the method comprising: Gas is introduced into the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery through an air intake unit located on top of the lead-acid battery. The air intake unit includes a flow regulation module, which is used to control the gas flow rate and gas pressure. The electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery are obtained, and a bubble parameter adjustment command is generated according to the electrical parameters and preset control rules. Based on the bubble parameter adjustment command, the diameter control unit, the flow regulation module and the spiral guide plate are controlled to adjust the bubble diameter, bubble flow rate and bubble residence time. The spiral guide plate is used to control the bubble residence time. The gas in the electrolyte is discharged through an exhaust unit located on top of the lead-acid battery, and the gas discharged from the electrolyte is recovered through a condensation reflux module in the exhaust unit.

[0015] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the electrolyte ion concentration perturbation method as described in the second aspect above.

[0016] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the electrolyte ion concentration perturbation method as described in the second aspect above.

[0017] Compared to related technologies, the electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device provided in this application introduces gas into the electrolyte of a lead-acid battery through an air intake unit located at the top of the battery. The air intake unit includes a flow regulation module for controlling the gas flow rate and gas pressure, a diameter control unit for controlling the diameter of bubbles in the electrolyte, and a spiral guide plate for controlling the bubble residence time. The control unit acquires the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery and generates bubble parameter adjustment instructions based on the electrical parameters and preset control rules. Based on the bubble parameter adjustment instructions, it controls the ultrasonic atomization unit, the flow regulation module, and the spiral guide plate to adjust the bubble diameter, bubble flow rate, and bubble residence time. An exhaust unit located at the top of the lead-acid battery discharges the gas from the electrolyte. The exhaust unit includes a condensation reflux module for recovering the gas discharged from the electrolyte, thus solving the problem of accelerated battery capacity decay caused by the accumulation of lead sulfate crystals on the electrode plates. By injecting bubbles into the electrolyte to drive liquid flow, the electrolyte stratification phenomenon is alleviated and the ion concentration in the electrolyte near the electrode plate is disturbed, making it difficult for lead sulfate crystals on the electrode plate to grow, thereby slowing down the battery capacity decay. Furthermore, the bubble parameters are controlled by the control unit to enhance the bubble mixing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the electrolyte ion concentration perturbation method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application is described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can apply this application to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without any inventive effort. Furthermore, it is understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this application, any changes to design, manufacturing, or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as insufficient disclosure of the content of this application.

[0021] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms “a,” “an,” “an,” “the,” and similar words used in this application do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units not listed, or may include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The terms “connected,” “linked,” “coupled,” and similar words used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Multiple” used in this application refers to two or more. “And / or” describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, “A and / or B” can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this application are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects.

[0023] This embodiment also provides an electrolyte ion concentration perturbation device. As used below, the terms "module," "unit," "subunit," etc., can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the device includes: An air intake unit 11 is located on top of the lead-acid battery and is used to introduce gas into the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery. The air intake unit includes a flow regulation module, which is used to control the gas flow rate and gas pressure.

[0025] The intake unit includes an intake port, an intake pipe, and a flow regulation module, through which compressed air is injected. The flow regulation module can be a regulating pump (e.g., a variable frequency pump) or a regulating valve (e.g., a proportional valve). Preferably, a PID algorithm (proportional-integral-derivative) is used to adjust the electrical signal (e.g., current or voltage) of the proportional valve in real time to achieve high-precision flow and pressure control.

[0026] The diameter control unit 12 is used to control the diameter of bubbles in the electrolyte.

[0027] In some embodiments, the air intake unit includes an air intake pipe; the diameter control unit includes a porous structure or an ultrasonic atomizing unit disposed on the air intake pipe.

[0028] The porous structure installed on the intake pipe is used in conjunction with the flow regulation module to control the diameter of the gas introduced by the intake unit.

[0029] By controlling the gas pressure of the incoming gas through a flow regulation module (e.g., controlling the vibration frequency of the bubble generator), the stable generation of micron-sized bubbles can be achieved. At the same time, the bubble generation rate and bubble diameter can be controlled by the pore size of the porous structure and the gas injection pressure.

[0030] The ultrasonic atomizing unit is used to atomize the gas introduced by the air intake unit into micron-sized bubbles.

[0031] Optionally, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet (frequency 20-100kHz) can be mounted on the surface of the electrolyte to atomize the gas into micron-sized bubbles (50-200μm in diameter), enhancing the electrolyte disturbance effect. It should be noted that the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is made of piezoelectric ceramic material resistant to strong corrosive conditions (positive potential, strong sulfuric acid, strong acid mist).

[0032] The spiral guide plate 13 is used to control the residence time of bubbles in the electrolyte.

[0033] To increase the residence time of bubbles, a spiral guide plate is installed, which uses centrifugal force to make the bubbles move along a spiral trajectory, thereby controlling the residence time of the bubbles.

[0034] The control unit 14 is used to acquire the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery, generate bubble parameter adjustment instructions based on the electrical parameters and preset control rules, and control the diameter control unit, flow adjustment module and spiral guide plate based on the bubble parameter adjustment instructions to adjust the bubble diameter, bubble flow rate and bubble residence time.

[0035] Based on the real-time status of the battery during charging, the bubble size, flow rate, and residence time are adjusted to improve mixing efficiency while balancing porosity and gas escape rate.

[0036] The exhaust unit 15, located on top of the lead-acid battery, is used to exhaust gas from the electrolyte. The exhaust unit includes a condensation reflux module, which is used to recover the gas discharged from the electrolyte.

[0037] A gas outlet is installed at the top of the device, and the gas is discharged from the device through a filter. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 2As shown, an air intake channel is set at the top of the battery compartment, and an exhaust port structure is designed on the other side of the top. Air enters from the top, forming a column of bubbles that agitate the electrolyte; exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust port to prevent acid mist from overflowing.

[0038] In some embodiments, the air intake unit includes an air inlet and an air intake pipe, and a honeycomb baffle is provided above the air inlet to prevent electrolyte overflow.

[0039] The air intake pipe passes through the air inlet and extends to the bottom of the battery. The air intake pipe includes a microporous vibrating column parallel to the electrode plate.

[0040] A honeycomb baffle (made of PP / PTFE) is installed above the air inlet to ensure that the bubbles are evenly distributed and to prevent the liquid surface from surging and overflowing.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the air inlet is located above the electrode plate assembly, and the air inlet pipe extends through the air inlet to the bottom of the battery electrolyte. Optionally, the air inlet pipe includes a section of microporous vibration column parallel to the electrode plate (the section from the air inlet to the bottom of the battery is a microporous vibration column, and the pore size of the microporous vibration column can be 0.1-1 mm), ensuring that the bubble generation area covers more than 80% of the projected area of ​​the electrode plate.

[0042] The distance between the microporous vibrating column and the electrode plates must meet the following requirement: the ratio of the initial velocity of the rising bubble to the distance between the electrode plates should not exceed a preset threshold to avoid lateral diffusion of the bubble. For example, under normal circumstances, the rising velocity of the bubble is in the range of 0.5-2 m / s, the distance between the electrode plates is in the range of 10-30 mm, and the threshold value of the ratio of the initial velocity of the rising bubble to the distance between the electrode plates can be set to 0.1.

[0043] It should be noted that microgrooves need to be formed on the surface of the electrode to create directional flow channels, or a guide plate needs to be installed. The grooves or guide plate should be at a certain angle to the perpendicular direction of the electrode (preferably 5°-15°) to guide the bubbles to rise uniformly along the length of the electrode. Controlling the inclination angle of the grooves or guide plate aims to reduce the vertical velocity while increasing the bubble residence time.

[0044] To improve the mixing effect, this embodiment also requires constraint on the mechanical energy of the bubbles. To prevent bubble collision and aggregation, the bubble diameter needs to be controlled so that the ratio of the electrode spacing to the bubble diameter is greater than a preset value. For example, the bubble diameter is controlled in the range of 0.1-1mm, so that the ratio of the electrode spacing to the bubble diameter is ≥10:1.

[0045] Under the influence of grooves or guide plates on the electrode surface, the bubble exhibits a spiral upward trajectory, and its velocity vector v is decomposed as follows:

[0046] Here, θ is the tilt angle of the groove or guide vane. By adjusting this tilt angle, the vertical velocity is reduced while the residence time of the bubbles is increased.

[0047] An electric field-assisted guidance can also be added: a DC electric field (preferably 5-20V / cm) is applied between the electrodes, and electrophoretic guidance is achieved by utilizing the surface charge of the bubble (unit: zeta, preferably -30 to -50mV), with the path deviation not exceeding a set threshold (e.g., ±2mm).

[0048] In this embodiment, the escaped gas can also be recovered through a top condensation and reflux device to reduce electrolyte evaporation loss.

[0049] Through the above system, the air intake unit 11, located at the top of the lead-acid battery, introduces gas into the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery. The air intake unit includes a flow regulation module, which controls the gas flow rate and gas pressure. The diameter control unit 12 controls the diameter of the bubbles in the electrolyte, and the spiral guide plate 13 controls the residence time of the bubbles in the electrolyte. The control unit 14 acquires the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery, generates bubble parameter adjustment instructions based on the electrical parameters and preset control rules, and controls the diameter control unit, flow regulation module, and spiral guide plate based on the bubble parameter adjustment instructions to adjust the bubble diameter, bubble flow rate, and bubble residence time. The exhaust unit 15, located at the top of the lead-acid battery, discharges the gas in the electrolyte. The exhaust unit includes a condensation reflux module, which is used to recover the gas discharged from the electrolyte, thus solving the problem of accelerated battery capacity decay caused by the accumulation of lead sulfate crystals on the electrode plates. By injecting bubbles into the electrolyte to drive liquid flow, electrolyte stratification is mitigated and the ion concentration in the electrolyte near the plates is disturbed. This makes it less likely for lead sulfate crystals on the plates to grow and more easily form relatively uniform small particles, thus slowing down battery capacity decay. Furthermore, the bubble parameters are controlled by the control unit to enhance the bubble mixing effect.

[0050] Bubbles are injected into the top of the electrolyte using an external air source (such as compressed air), causing the liquid to flow. The turbulence created by the bubbles breaks down the stratification, promoting a more even concentration of sulfuric acid in the upper and lower layers. Introducing bubbles optimizes electrolyte mixing, simplifies structural design, reduces costs, and ultimately improves efficiency. Introducing periodic microbubbles (10-50 μm in diameter) into the battery can extend the electrolyte stratification time and improve charge acceptance.

[0051] As bubbles (such as H2 / O2 generated during charging) rise, they drive the electrolyte flow, creating vertical mixing and suppressing stratification. In the case of lead-carbon batteries, the carbon particles at the negative electrode have a porous structure that can adsorb bubbles and enhance local turbulence, improving mixing efficiency. Utilizing the battery's own gas generation to drive mixing requires no external power source, making it suitable for static energy storage scenarios.

[0052] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters include a real-time SOC value; the control unit includes: The stage division module is used to divide the charging process of lead-acid batteries into different charging stages based on a preset SOC threshold.

[0053] The flow rate adjustment module is used to determine the current charging stage based on the real-time SOC value, and generate a flow rate adjustment command based on the current charging stage to control the flow rate adjustment module to adjust the bubble flow rate to the corresponding flow rate of the current charging stage.

[0054] The charging process is divided into different stages based on the battery's State of Charge (SOC), such as the initial stage (SOC < 30%), the intermediate stage (30% ≤ SOC ≤ 80%), and the final stage (SOC > 80%). Corresponding bubble flow rates are set for each charging stage to adapt the bubble flow rate to the charging process and improve the electrolyte mixing efficiency.

[0055] In some embodiments, the charging phase includes an initial phase, a middle phase, and a final phase; the flow rate regulation module includes: The first flow rate adjustment module is used to generate a first flow rate adjustment command when the current charging stage is in the initial stage, and control the flow rate adjustment module based on the first flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the first flow rate.

[0056] The second flow rate adjustment module is used to generate a second flow rate adjustment command when the current charging stage is in the middle stage, and control the flow rate adjustment module based on the second flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the second flow rate.

[0057] The third flow rate adjustment module is used to generate a third flow rate adjustment command when the current charging stage is in the final stage, and control the flow rate adjustment module based on the third flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the third flow rate, wherein the second flow rate is greater than the first flow rate and the third flow rate is less than the first flow rate.

[0058] In the initial stage, the bubble flow rate is adjusted to the first flow rate (e.g., 0.5 L / min) to promote electrolyte convection; in the middle stage, the bubble flow rate is adjusted to the second flow rate (e.g., 1.2 L / min) to enhance concentration polarization compensation; in the final stage, the bubble flow rate is reduced to the third flow rate (e.g., 0.3 L / min) to prevent gas overflow.

[0059] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters include the rate of change of current, and the control unit includes a diameter adjustment module and a dwell time adjustment module.

[0060] The diameter adjustment module is used to generate a diameter adjustment command when the current change rate is greater than a preset change threshold, and control the diameter control unit based on the diameter adjustment command to adjust the bubble diameter to below the preset micro-nano-level diameter threshold.

[0061] In this embodiment, the bubble size is adjusted according to the real-time current change rate (dI / dt). Optionally, when the current fluctuation is >5%, it switches to micro / nano bubbles (diameter <50μm).

[0062] Microbubbles (<1 mm) have a higher specific surface area and higher mixing efficiency, but it is necessary to balance porosity and gas escape rate.

[0063] In the case of lead-carbon batteries, the conductivity and porosity of carbon materials can be used to guide air bubbles to the surface of the plates, thereby enhancing local electrolyte renewal.

[0064] The dwell time adjustment module is used to generate guide plate control commands based on a preset bubble dwell time threshold. During the charging process, the spiral guide plate is controlled based on the guide plate control commands to make the bubble dwell time greater than the preset bubble dwell time threshold.

[0065] The residence time of bubbles is controlled by a spiral guide plate, so that the residence time of bubbles is greater than a preset residence threshold (such as 15 seconds).

[0066] To better utilize bubbles to alleviate electrolyte stratification and prevent lead sulfate crystal accumulation, it is also necessary to control the pressure and purity of the input gas. For example, the gas pressure can be controlled between 0.05-0.2 MPa through proportional valve PID regulation; and a gas purification module can be configured to control the gas purity within a range greater than 99.99%.

[0067] In some embodiments, electrical parameters include charging current, rate of voltage rise, and electrolyte density change; the control unit includes: The termination judgment module is used to determine whether the lead-acid battery has reached a fully charged state based on the charging current, voltage rise rate, electrolyte density change and the full charge threshold of each parameter. If so, it generates a charging termination command and controls the air intake unit to stop introducing gas based on the charging termination command.

[0068] The decision to terminate charging is made by integrating multiple parameters. Optionally, the charging current is used as the primary criterion, while the voltage rise rate and electrolyte density change rate are used as secondary criteria.

[0069] For example, the primary criterion is that the charging current drops to 0.05C (referencing IEC 62485-3 standard), and the secondary criteria are that the voltage rise rate (dV / dt) is ≤0.001V / s for 10 minutes and the electrolyte density change rate is ≤0.001g / cm³ / min, then charging is terminated. The electrolyte density change rate is monitored using an ultrasonic density meter.

[0070] In some embodiments, the device further includes: The first protection module is used to obtain the electrolyte temperature of the lead-acid battery. When the electrolyte temperature is higher than the preset temperature threshold, the charging current of the lead-acid battery is adjusted according to the difference between the electrolyte temperature and the preset temperature threshold.

[0071] To ensure safety during the charging process, this embodiment also includes a protection mechanism, including a temperature-current coordinated derating mechanism. For example, when the temperature is above 40°C, the charging current is reduced by 5% for every 1°C increase.

[0072] In some embodiments, the device further includes: The second protection module is used to acquire the electrolyte level of the lead-acid battery and generate an emergency stop command when the electrolyte level drops by a height greater than a preset height threshold; and / or acquire the gas leakage rate of the lead-acid battery and generate an emergency stop command when the gas leakage rate exceeds a preset rate threshold.

[0073] The protection mechanism also includes an emergency stop mechanism. In the event of an abnormal accident such as a leak, such as a drop in electrolyte level >5mm or a gas leakage rate >1L / min, an emergency stop for charging will be triggered.

[0074] In this embodiment, the charging process can be terminated or delamination can be determined by monitoring the parameters of the electrolyte and bubbles. Simultaneously, the parameters are adjusted within safe ranges to prevent problems during the charging process. Table 1 is a charging process monitoring parameter table according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Table 1, the monitoring parameters include, but are not limited to, charging current, electrolyte temperature, electrolyte density, bubble density, and voltage slope.

[0075] Charging is divided into three stages: constant current, constant voltage, and trickle charging. Trickle charging is the last stage. The charging current is monitored by a Hall sensor. When the charging current drops to a preset threshold (e.g., 0.05C), the trickle charging stage is considered to have ended, and charging is terminated.

[0076] The electrolyte temperature is monitored by a temperature probe. When the electrolyte temperature exceeds the preset temperature (e.g., 45°C), a power reduction command or a charging pause command is triggered to prevent thermal runaway.

[0077] Electrolyte density is monitored using a dedicated densitometer. Samples are taken from the upper (e.g., 1-2 cm from the liquid surface), middle, and bottom layers of the electrolyte (e.g., 2-3 cm from the electrode plate) to measure the density of each layer. The density difference between adjacent layers is compared with a threshold to determine whether stratification has occurred.

[0078] By monitoring bubble density using an optical turbidity sensor, the turbidity value will be maintained in the range of 30-50 NTU to improve the gas-electrolyte mixing efficiency.

[0079] The voltage slope is acquired by a differential amplifier and ADC. When the voltage slope (dV / dt) ≤ 0.002V / min, charging is terminated to avoid overcharging.

[0080] Table 1 is a comparison table of monitoring parameters and their functions according to an embodiment of this application.

[0081] Table 1

[0082] The electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device of this application, combined with BMS dynamic control of the aeration frequency, adapts to the needs of different charging and discharging stages. It dynamically adjusts bubble generation by monitoring the electrolyte concentration gradient in real time using sensors. An optimal bubble distribution strategy is designed using fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation.

[0083] Introducing air bubbles into the battery effectively solves problems such as electrolyte stratification, lead sulfate crystal accumulation on the plates, decreased electrode surface activity, uneven temperature distribution, and internal pressure imbalance. Solving these problems helps improve the battery's charge and discharge efficiency, reduces the continuous decline in battery capacity, and allows the battery to cycle in PSoC (Position-Synchronized System) mode. This significantly reduces the time spent electrolyzing water, leading to increased efficiency, constant power charge and discharge throughout the cycle, and extended battery cycle life.

[0084] It should be noted that the above modules can be functional modules or program modules, and can be implemented through software or hardware. For modules implemented through hardware, the above modules can reside in the same processor; or the above modules can be located in different processors in any combination.

[0085] This embodiment also provides a method for perturbing the electrolyte ion concentration. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the electrolyte ion concentration perturbation method according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the process includes the following steps: Step S301: Gas is introduced into the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery through an air intake unit located on top of the lead-acid battery. The air intake unit includes a flow regulation module, which is used to control the gas flow rate and gas pressure.

[0086] Step S302: Obtain the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery, generate bubble parameter adjustment instructions based on the electrical parameters and preset control rules, and control the diameter control unit, flow regulation module and spiral guide plate based on the bubble parameter adjustment instructions to adjust the bubble diameter, bubble flow rate and bubble residence time. The spiral guide plate is used to control the bubble residence time.

[0087] Step S303: The gas in the electrolyte is discharged through the exhaust unit set on the top of the lead-acid battery, and the gas discharged from the electrolyte is recovered through the condensation reflux module in the exhaust unit.

[0088] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters include real-time SOC values; acquiring the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery and generating bubble parameter adjustment instructions based on the electrical parameters and preset control rules includes: Based on the preset SOC threshold, the charging process of lead-acid batteries is divided into different charging stages.

[0089] The current charging stage is determined based on the real-time SOC value. A flow rate adjustment command is generated based on the current charging stage to control the flow rate adjustment module to adjust the bubble flow rate to the corresponding flow rate of the current charging stage.

[0090] In some embodiments, the charging phase includes an initial phase, a middle phase, and a final phase; generating a flow rate adjustment command based on the current charging phase includes: When the current charging stage is in the initial stage, a first flow rate adjustment command is generated, and the flow rate adjustment module is controlled based on the first flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the first flow rate.

[0091] When the current charging stage is in the middle stage, a second flow rate adjustment command is generated, and the flow rate adjustment module is controlled based on the second flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the second flow rate.

[0092] When the current charging stage is in its final stage, a third flow rate adjustment command is generated. Based on the third flow rate adjustment command, the flow rate adjustment module is controlled to adjust the bubble flow rate to the third flow rate, wherein the second flow rate is greater than the first flow rate and the third flow rate is less than the first flow rate.

[0093] In some embodiments, the air intake unit includes an air intake pipe; the diameter control unit includes: a porous structure disposed on the air intake pipe, the porous structure being used to cooperate with the flow regulation module to jointly control the diameter of the gas introduced by the air intake unit; and / or an ultrasonic atomizing unit for atomizing the gas introduced by the air intake unit into micron-sized bubbles.

[0094] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters include the rate of change of current. Obtaining the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery and generating bubble parameter adjustment instructions based on the electrical parameters and preset control rules includes: When the rate of change of current exceeds a preset threshold, a diameter adjustment command is generated. Based on the diameter adjustment command, the diameter control unit is controlled to adjust the bubble diameter to below a preset micro / nano-scale diameter threshold; and / or Based on the preset bubble dwell time threshold, a flow guide plate control command is generated. During the charging process, the spiral flow guide plate is controlled based on the flow guide plate control command so that the bubble dwell time is greater than the preset bubble dwell time threshold.

[0095] In some embodiments, the air intake unit includes an air inlet and an air intake pipe, with a honeycomb baffle plate disposed above the air inlet to prevent electrolyte overflow; the air intake pipe passes through the air inlet and extends to the bottom of the battery, and the air intake pipe includes a microporous vibrating column parallel to the electrode plate.

[0096] In some embodiments, electrical parameters include charging current, rate of voltage rise, and electrolyte density change; the method further includes: Based on the changes in charging current, voltage rise rate, electrolyte density, and full charge threshold of each parameter, it is determined whether the lead-acid battery has reached a full charge state. If so, a charging termination command is generated, and the air intake unit is controlled to stop introducing gas based on the charging termination command.

[0097] In some embodiments, the method further includes: The electrolyte temperature of the lead-acid battery is obtained. When the electrolyte temperature is higher than a preset temperature threshold, the charging current of the lead-acid battery is adjusted according to the difference between the electrolyte temperature and the preset temperature threshold.

[0098] In some embodiments, the method further includes: The system acquires the electrolyte level of the lead-acid battery and generates an emergency stop command when the electrolyte level drops by a height greater than a preset height threshold; and / or acquires the gas leakage rate of the lead-acid battery and generates an emergency stop command when the gas leakage rate exceeds a preset rate threshold.

[0099] The above steps introduce gas into the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery through an air intake unit located at the top of the battery. This air intake unit includes a flow regulation module, which controls the gas flow rate and pressure, acquires the battery's electrical parameters, and generates bubble parameter adjustment commands based on these parameters and preset control rules. These commands control the diameter control unit, flow regulation module, and spiral guide plate to adjust the bubble diameter, flow rate, and residence time. The spiral guide plate controls the bubble residence time. Gas is discharged from the electrolyte through an exhaust unit located at the top of the battery, and the discharged gas is recovered by a condensation reflux module within the exhaust unit. This solves the problem of accelerated battery capacity decay caused by lead sulfate crystal accumulation on the electrodes. By injecting bubbles into the electrolyte to drive liquid flow, electrolyte stratification is alleviated, and the ion concentration in the electrolyte near the electrodes is disturbed, making it less likely for lead sulfate crystals on the electrodes to grow, thus slowing down battery capacity decay. Furthermore, the control unit controls the bubble parameters to enhance the bubble mixing effect.

[0100] It should be noted that the steps shown in the above process or in the flowchart of the accompanying figures can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0101] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0102] Optionally, the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor and the input / output device is connected to the processor.

[0103] Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor can be configured to perform the following steps via a computer program: S1, gas is introduced into the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery through an air intake unit located on top of the lead-acid battery. The air intake unit includes a flow regulation module, which is used to control the gas flow rate and gas pressure.

[0104] S2: Obtain the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery, generate bubble parameter adjustment instructions based on the electrical parameters and preset control rules, and control the diameter control unit, flow regulation module and spiral guide plate based on the bubble parameter adjustment instructions to adjust the bubble diameter, bubble flow rate and bubble residence time. The spiral guide plate is used to control the bubble residence time.

[0105] S3 discharges the gas in the electrolyte through the exhaust unit located on top of the lead-acid battery, and recovers the gas discharged from the electrolyte through the condensation reflux module in the exhaust unit.

[0106] It should be noted that the specific examples in this embodiment can refer to the examples described in the above embodiments and optional implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0107] In one embodiment, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 4 As shown, an electronic device is provided, which can be a server, and its internal structure diagram can be as follows. Figure 4 As shown, this electronic device includes a processor, memory, network interface, and database connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores the operating system, computer programs, and database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database stores data. The network interface communicates with external terminals via a network connection. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements a method for perturbing the electrolyte ion concentration.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device to which the present application is applied. The specific electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0109] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), RAMbus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0110] Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments have been described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0111] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electrolyte ion concentration disturbance device, characterized in that, The device includes: An air intake unit located at the top of a lead-acid battery is used to introduce gas into the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery. The air intake unit includes a flow regulation module, which is used to control the gas flow rate and gas pressure. A diameter control unit is used to control the diameter of bubbles in the electrolyte; A spiral guide plate is used to control the residence time of air bubbles in the electrolyte; The control unit is used to acquire the electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery, generate bubble parameter adjustment instructions based on the electrical parameters and preset control rules, and control the diameter control unit, the flow regulation module and the spiral guide plate based on the bubble parameter adjustment instructions to adjust the bubble diameter, bubble flow rate and bubble residence time. An exhaust unit located on top of the lead-acid battery is used to exhaust gases from the electrolyte. The exhaust unit includes a condensation reflux module for recovering the gases discharged from the electrolyte.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical parameters include the real-time SOC value; the control unit includes: The stage division module is used to divide the charging process of the lead-acid battery into different charging stages according to a preset SOC threshold. The flow rate adjustment module is used to determine the current charging stage based on the real-time SOC value, and generate a flow rate adjustment command based on the current charging stage to control the flow rate adjustment module to adjust the bubble flow rate to the corresponding flow rate of the current charging stage.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The charging phase includes an initial phase, a middle phase, and a final phase; the flow rate regulation module includes: The first flow rate adjustment module is used to generate a first flow rate adjustment command when the current charging stage is the initial stage, and control the flow rate adjustment module based on the first flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the first flow rate. The second flow rate adjustment module is used to generate a second flow rate adjustment command when the current charging stage is the middle stage, and control the flow rate adjustment module based on the second flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the second flow rate. The third flow rate adjustment module is used to generate a third flow rate adjustment command when the current charging stage is the final stage, and control the flow rate adjustment module based on the third flow rate adjustment command to adjust the bubble flow rate to the third flow rate, wherein the second flow rate is greater than the first flow rate and the third flow rate is less than the first flow rate.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake unit includes an air intake pipe; the diameter control unit includes: A porous structure is disposed on the intake pipe, the porous structure being used in conjunction with the flow regulation module to collaboratively control the diameter of the gas introduced by the intake unit; and / or An ultrasonic atomizing unit is used to atomize the gas introduced by the air intake unit into micron-sized bubbles.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical parameters include the rate of change of current, and the control unit includes: A diameter adjustment module is configured to generate a diameter adjustment command when the rate of change of the current is greater than a preset threshold, and control the diameter control unit based on the diameter adjustment command to adjust the bubble diameter to below a preset micro / nano-scale diameter threshold; and / or The dwell time adjustment module is used to generate a guide plate control command based on a preset bubble dwell time threshold. During the charging process, the spiral guide plate is controlled based on the guide plate control command so that the bubble dwell time is greater than the preset bubble dwell time threshold.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake unit includes an air inlet and an air intake pipe. A honeycomb baffle is provided above the air inlet to prevent the electrolyte from overflowing. The air intake pipe passes through the air inlet and extends to the bottom of the battery, and the air intake pipe includes a microporous vibrating column parallel to the electrode plate.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical parameters include charging current, voltage rise rate, and electrolyte density change; the control unit includes: The termination judgment module is used to determine whether the lead-acid battery has reached a fully charged state based on the charging current, the voltage rise rate, the electrolyte density change, and the full charge threshold of each parameter. If so, it generates a charging termination command and controls the air intake unit to stop introducing gas based on the charging termination command.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: The first protection module is used to obtain the electrolyte temperature of the lead-acid battery, and when the electrolyte temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold, adjust the charging current of the lead-acid battery according to the difference between the electrolyte temperature and the preset temperature threshold.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: The second protection module is used to acquire the electrolyte level of the lead-acid battery and generate an emergency stop command when the electrolyte level drops by a height greater than a preset height threshold; and / or acquire the gas leakage rate of the lead-acid battery and generate an emergency stop command when the gas leakage rate exceeds a preset rate threshold.

10. A method for perturbing the ion concentration of an electrolyte, characterized in that, The method includes: Gas is introduced into the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery through an air intake unit located on top of the lead-acid battery. The air intake unit includes a flow regulation module, which is used to control the gas flow rate and gas pressure. The electrical parameters of the lead-acid battery are obtained, and a bubble parameter adjustment command is generated according to the electrical parameters and preset control rules. Based on the bubble parameter adjustment command, the diameter control unit, the flow regulation module and the spiral guide plate are controlled to adjust the bubble diameter, bubble flow rate and bubble residence time. The spiral guide plate is used to control the bubble residence time. The gas in the electrolyte is discharged through an exhaust unit located on top of the lead-acid battery, and the gas discharged from the electrolyte is recovered through a condensation reflux module in the exhaust unit.

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