Optical module, optical device, and optical system

Abstract

This application provides an optical module, optical device, and optical system. The optical module includes an optical amplifier chip and one or more optical transmission structures (such as optical fibers or optical waveguides). The optical amplifier chip integrates discontinuous multi-segment gain waveguides, which are connected by optical transmission structures. This allows optical signals to be transmitted through multiple gain waveguides, thereby reducing mode-field mismatch between the optical fiber and the gain waveguides while ensuring the amplification factor (i.e., gain) of the optical amplifier chip. This improves the coupling efficiency between the optical fiber and the gain waveguides, reduces the insertion loss of the optical signal in the optical amplifier chip, and expands the application scenarios of the optical amplifier chip.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular to an optical module, optical device and optical system. Background Technology

[0002] An optical amplifier chip is an integrated optical device used to amplify optical signals. The gain waveguide is the core structure of an optical amplifier chip, combining the light-guiding function of a waveguide with the amplification capability of a gain medium. The gain waveguide has an optimal length; setting its length to or close to this optimal length increases its gain. However, as the size of optical amplifier chips continues to shrink, the gain waveguide needs to be bent and deployed within the chip with a smaller bending radius to ensure its length reaches or approaches its optimal length, thus guaranteeing its performance.

[0003] To avoid excessive optical signal loss at the bends in the gain waveguide, the width of the gain waveguide needs to be reduced. Currently, the mode field diameter (MFD) of the gain waveguide in optical amplifier chips is on the order of 1 micrometer. However, the MFD of optical fiber is typically on the order of 10 micrometers, with a minimum of 3 micrometers. This severe mode field mismatch between the gain waveguide and the optical fiber leads to low coupling efficiency and significant insertion loss, thus limiting the application scenarios of optical amplifier chips. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an optical module, optical device, and optical system for reducing mode field mismatch between optical fiber and gain waveguide, improving coupling efficiency between optical fiber and gain waveguide, and reducing insertion loss of optical signal in optical amplifier chip while ensuring the performance of optical amplifier chip (e.g., high gain and low loss), thereby expanding the application scenarios of optical amplifier chip.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an optical module comprising an optical amplification chip and one or more optical transmission structures. The optical module can be understood as an integrated optical chip. The optical amplification chip includes two or more gain waveguides. Each of the two or more gain waveguides has a first port and a second port, and is used to transmit optical signals between the first port and the second port, and to amplify the signal strength of the optical signal under the excitation of pump light. Each of the one or more optical transmission structures has a first interface and a second interface, and is used to transmit the optical signal between the first interface and the second interface. The one or more optical transmission structures include a first optical transmission structure, and the two or more gain waveguides include a first gain waveguide and a second gain waveguide. The second port of the first gain waveguide and the first port of the second gain waveguide are respectively coupled to different interfaces of the first interface or the second interface of the first optical transmission structure. For example, the second port of the first gain waveguide and the first port of the second gain waveguide are respectively coupled to the first interface and the second interface of the first optical transmission structure, or the second port of the first gain waveguide and the first port of the second gain waveguide are respectively coupled to the second interface and the first interface of the first optical transmission structure.

[0006] By connecting the first gain waveguide and the second gain waveguide in the optical amplifier chip through the first optical transmission structure, the optical signal input to either the first or second gain waveguide can propagate through both waveguides without the need for bending (e.g., using a straight gain waveguide). This not only helps to increase the width of the gain waveguide while avoiding excessive optical signal loss and reducing mode field mismatch between the optical fiber and the gain waveguide, but also helps the length of the gain waveguide in the optical amplifier chip reach or approach its optimal length, thereby increasing the gain of the gain waveguide.

[0007] Although the first optical transmission structure needs to be bent with a smaller bending radius to connect the first and second gain waveguides in the optical amplifier chip, it is advantageous to achieve a larger optimal width compared to the gain waveguide under the same loss and bending radius. This allows for increasing the width of the first optical transmission structure while avoiding excessive optical signal loss, thus reducing mode mismatch between the optical fiber and the first optical transmission structure. In this way, while ensuring the performance of the optical amplifier chip (e.g., high gain and low loss), it is beneficial to increase the width of the gain waveguide and the first optical transmission structure, reduce mode mismatch among the optical fiber, gain waveguide, and first optical transmission structure, improve coupling efficiency among them, reduce insertion loss of the optical signal in the optical amplifier chip, and thus expand the application scenarios of the optical amplifier chip.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the width of the gain waveguides in the two or more gain waveguides and the width of the optical transmission structures in the one or more optical transmission structures are both greater than or equal to 2 micrometers; or, the mode field mismatch (MFD) of the gain waveguides in the two or more gain waveguides and the MFD of the optical transmission structures in the one or more optical transmission structures are both greater than or equal to 3 micrometers. Thus, when using optical fibers with an MFD of approximately 3 micrometers as the input and output fibers of the optical module, it is beneficial to further reduce the mode field mismatch between the gain waveguides and the optical fibers.

[0009] After the port of the gain waveguide is coupled to the interface of the optical transmission structure, the optical signal in the gain waveguide can be transmitted to the optical transmission structure sequentially through the port of the gain waveguide and the interface of the optical transmission structure, or the optical signal in the optical transmission structure can be transmitted to the gain waveguide sequentially through the interface of the optical transmission structure and the port of the gain waveguide. In this application, coupling can be replaced by connection or conduction.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the first port of the first gain waveguide is used to input the optical signal.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the optical signal at the input port (referred to as the signal input terminal) of the optical module is the first port of the first gain waveguide. Accordingly, the optical signal input to the optical module is directly input to the first port of the first gain waveguide. Alternatively, in some possible implementations, the optical module further includes a first input structure, which may have a first port and a second port. The first input structure is used to input an optical signal through its first port and output an optical signal to the first port of the first gain waveguide through its second port. The optical signal at the signal input terminal of the optical module can be the first port of the first input structure. Accordingly, the optical signal input to the optical module is directly input to the first port of the first input structure.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the first port of the first gain waveguide is also used to input the pump light.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the pump light at the input port (referred to as the pump input) of the optical module is the first port of the first gain waveguide, and correspondingly, the pump light is used to directly input the first port of the first gain waveguide. Alternatively, in some possible implementations, the optical module further includes a second input structure, which may have a first port and a second port. The second input structure is used to input pump light through its first port and output pump light to the first port of the first gain waveguide through its second port. The pump light at the pump input of the optical module can be the first port of the second input structure, and correspondingly, the pump light input to the optical module is used to directly input the first port of the second input structure.

[0014] The gain waveguide mentioned later can be understood as the gain waveguide among the two or more gain waveguides.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the gain waveguide includes a core layer and a cladding layer.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the core layer of the gain waveguide is made of lithium niobate, silicon nitride (SiN), or lithium tantalate. Optionally, the lithium niobate can be thin-film lithium niobate.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the gain waveguide or the core layer of the gain waveguide is doped with a gain element. In this application, the gain element may be referred to as a gain medium, gain material, or gain substance.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the gain element includes one or more of elements such as erbium, ytterbium, and thulium.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the cladding material of the gain waveguide includes one or more of SiO2, polymers, or air.

[0020] In this application, a waveguide can be understood as an integrated waveguide. An integrated waveguide may include a substrate and one or more waveguides integrated on the substrate. Optionally, the substrate may serve as all or part of the cladding of the waveguide. In this application, the substrate may be referred to as a substrate or base plate, etc.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the optical amplifier chip further includes a substrate on which the two or more gain waveguides are integrated. Waveguide or gain waveguide integration on a substrate can be understood as waveguides or gain waveguides being integrated on the surface and / or inside the substrate. The substrate may also be referred to as a substrate material. This application does not limit the material of the substrate; for example, the substrate material may be silicon (Si).

[0022] In some possible implementations, the first optical transmission structure is a first optical fiber, or the first optical transmission structure is a first waveguide.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the first waveguide includes a core layer and a cladding layer.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the core layer of the first waveguide is made of silicon dioxide (SiO2). The refractive index of the core layer of the first waveguide can be increased by doping it with a first element. Exemplarily, the first element includes one or more of germanium (Ge), aluminum (Al), boron (B), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), fluorine (F), antimony (Sb), or titanium (Ti).

[0025] In some possible implementations, the cladding material of the first waveguide comprises SiO2. Optionally, the cladding material of the first waveguide is undoped SiO2. Alternatively, the cladding of the first waveguide may be doped with a second element to reduce the refractive index of the cladding. Exemplarily, the second element comprises fluorine (F) and / or boron oxide.

[0026] In some possible implementations, the first waveguide is integrated on a first substrate. This application does not limit the material of the first substrate; for example, the material of the first substrate may be silicon (Si) or silicon dioxide (SiO2). Optionally, the first substrate serves as the cladding of the first waveguide.

[0027] In this application, the refractive indices of the core layer and cladding of the two or more gain waveguides are referred to as the first core layer refractive index and the first cladding refractive index, respectively, and the refractive indices of the core layer and cladding of the one or more optical transmission structures are referred to as the second core layer refractive index and the second cladding refractive index, respectively.

[0028] In some possible implementations, the refractive index of the first core layer is less than that of the second core layer. In some possible implementations, the difference between the refractive index of the first core layer and the refractive index of the first cladding layer is less than the difference between the refractive index of the second core layer and the refractive index of the second cladding layer. The refractive index of the first core layer is greater than that of the first cladding layer, and the refractive index of the second core layer is greater than that of the second cladding layer. Optionally, the difference between the refractive indices of the first core layer and the first cladding layer is less than the difference between the refractive indices of the second core layer and the second cladding layer. Thus, with the same bending radius, the loss of the optical transmission structure at the bend is less than the loss of the gain waveguide at the bend, thereby facilitating an increase in the width of the first optical transmission structure while avoiding excessive optical signal loss.

[0029] In some possible implementations, the first waveguide further has a third interface for inputting the pump light, and the first waveguide is also used to transmit the pump light input through the third interface to the first interface of the first waveguide. This facilitates inputting multiple pump lights into the two or more gain waveguides, thereby increasing the power and uniformity of the pump light input to the two or more gain waveguides, and thus improving the amplification efficiency of the optical amplifier chip for optical signals.

[0030] In some possible implementations, the first waveguide further has a fourth interface for inputting the pump light, and the first waveguide is also used to transmit the pump light input through the fourth interface to a second interface of the first waveguide. This facilitates inputting multiple pump lights into the two or more gain waveguides, thereby increasing the power and uniformity of the pump light input to the two or more gain waveguides, and thus improving the amplification efficiency of the optical amplifier chip for optical signals.

[0031] In some possible implementations, the optical module further includes a first beam splitter integrated on the first substrate. The first beam splitter splits an input beam of pump light into two or more beams for output. The two output beams are respectively used as inputs to the third interface and the fourth interface. This reduces the number of pump light input ports (i.e., the pump input terminals mentioned above) in the optical module, thereby reducing the fiber alignment and welding processes required for coupling the pump light, lowering packaging difficulty and cost, and improving the reliability of the optical device.

[0032] In some possible implementations, the first port and the second port of the first gain waveguide are located on the first side and the second side of the optical amplifier chip, respectively; the first port and the second port of the second gain waveguide are located on the second side and the first side of the optical amplifier chip, respectively; and the first optical transmission structure is located on the second side of the optical amplifier chip. This allows for the addition of an optical transmission structure on one side of the optical amplifier chip, simplifying the packaging of the optical module and reducing its size.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the one or more optical transmission structures further include a second optical transmission structure, and the two or more gain waveguides further include a third gain waveguide, wherein the second port of the second gain waveguide and the first port of the third gain waveguide are respectively coupled to the first interface of the second optical transmission structure or different interfaces of the second interface.

[0034] In some possible implementations, the first port and the second port of the third gain waveguide are located on the first side and the second side of the optical amplifier chip, respectively, and the second optical transmission structure is located on the first side of the optical amplifier chip.

[0035] The structure and materials of other optical transmission structures (such as the second optical transmission structure) besides the first optical transmission structure in the one or more optical transmission structures can be understood by referring to the relevant content of the first optical transmission structure introduced above.

[0036] In some possible implementations, the second optical transmission structure is a second optical fiber, or the second optical transmission structure is a second waveguide. The structure and materials of the second waveguide can be understood with reference to the relevant content on the first waveguide.

[0037] In some possible implementations, the second waveguide is integrated on the second substrate.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the second waveguide further has a fifth interface for inputting the pump light, and the second waveguide is also used to transmit the pump light input through the fifth interface to the first interface of the second waveguide. This facilitates inputting multiple pump lights into the two or more gain waveguides, thereby increasing the power and uniformity of the pump light input to the two or more gain waveguides, and thus improving the amplification efficiency of the optical amplifier chip for optical signals.

[0039] In some possible implementations, the second waveguide further has a sixth interface for inputting the pump light, and the second waveguide is also used to transmit the pump light input through the sixth interface to the second interface of the second waveguide. This facilitates inputting multiple pump lights into the two or more gain waveguides, thereby increasing the power and uniformity of the pump light input to the two or more gain waveguides, and thus improving the amplification efficiency of the optical amplifier chip for optical signals.

[0040] In some possible implementations, the optical module further includes a second beam-splitting structure integrated on the second substrate. This second beam-splitting structure splits the input pump light into two or more beams for output. The two output pump lights are then used as inputs to the fifth interface and the sixth interface, respectively. This reduces the number of pump input terminals in the optical module, thereby reducing the fiber alignment and welding processes required for coupling the pump light, lowering packaging difficulty and cost, and improving the reliability of the optical device.

[0041] In some possible implementations, the optical module further includes a beam combiner integrated on the second substrate. This beam combiner is used to combine the optical signal and the pump light before inputting them into the first port of the first gain waveguide. This facilitates on-chip beam combining of the optical signal and pump light into the gain waveguide, further reducing the package area and achieving ultra-high integration on-chip erbium-doped optical amplification.

[0042] In some possible implementations, the optical module further includes a substrate, and the optical module and one or more light transmission structures are respectively mounted on the substrate of the optical module.

[0043] Secondly, this application provides an optical device comprising a pump laser and an optical module. The pump laser is used to provide pump light to the optical module. The optical module includes an optical amplification chip and one or more optical transmission structures; the optical amplification chip includes two or more gain waveguides, which are respectively used to transmit optical signals between a first port and a second port, and the two or more gain waveguides are respectively used to amplify the signal intensity of the optical signal under the excitation of the pump light; the one or more optical transmission structures are respectively used to transmit the optical signal between a first interface and a second interface; wherein the one or more optical transmission structures include a first optical transmission structure, the two or more gain waveguides include a first gain waveguide and a second gain waveguide, and the second port of the first gain waveguide and the first port of the second gain waveguide are respectively coupled to the first interface or different interfaces of the second interface of the first optical transmission structure.

[0044] In some possible implementations, the first port of the first gain waveguide is also used to input the pump light.

[0045] In some possible implementations, the pump light at the input port (referred to as the pump input) of the optical module is the first port of the first gain waveguide, and correspondingly, the pump light is used to directly input the first port of the first gain waveguide. Alternatively, in some possible implementations, the optical module further includes a second input structure, which may have a first port and a second port. The second input structure is used to input pump light through its first port and output pump light to the first port of the first gain waveguide through its second port. The pump light at the pump input of the optical module can be the first port of the second input structure, and correspondingly, the pump light input to the optical module is used to directly input the first port of the second input structure.

[0046] In some possible implementations, the optical device may further include an electrical control subsystem for sending control signals to the pump laser, which emits pump light based on the control signals.

[0047] In the second aspect, the optical module can be understood with reference to the optical module described in the first aspect.

[0048] Thirdly, this application provides an optical system comprising an input optical fiber, an output optical fiber, a pump laser, and an optical module; the pump laser is used to provide pump light to the optical module; the input optical fiber is used to transmit an optical signal to the optical module; the optical module includes an optical amplification chip and one or more optical transmission structures; the optical amplification chip includes two or more gain waveguides, which are respectively used to transmit the optical signal between a first port and a second port, and the two or more gain waveguides are respectively used to amplify the signal intensity of the optical signal under the excitation of the pump light; the one or more optical transmission structures are respectively used to transmit the optical signal between a first interface and a second interface; wherein the one or more optical transmission structures include a first optical transmission structure, the two or more gain waveguides include a first gain waveguide and a second gain waveguide, the second port of the first gain waveguide and the first port of the second gain waveguide are respectively coupled to different interfaces of the first interface or the second interface of the first optical transmission structure; the output optical fiber is used to input and transmit the optical signal amplified by the optical module.

[0049] In some possible implementations, the first port of the first gain waveguide is used to input the optical signal.

[0050] In some possible implementations, the optical signal at the input port (referred to as the signal input terminal) of the optical module is the first port of the first gain waveguide. Correspondingly, the input optical fiber can be aligned with the first port of the first gain waveguide, and the input optical fiber directly inputs the optical signal to the first port of the first gain waveguide. Alternatively, in some possible implementations, the optical module further includes a first input structure, which may have a first port and a second port. The first input structure is used to input an optical signal through its first port and output an optical signal to the first port of the first gain waveguide through its second port. The optical signal at the signal input terminal of the optical module can be the first port of the first input structure. Correspondingly, the input optical fiber can be aligned with the first port of the first input structure, and the input optical fiber directly inputs the optical signal to the first port of the first input structure.

[0051] In some possible implementations, the first port of the first gain waveguide is also used to input the pump light.

[0052] In some possible implementations, the pump light at the input port (referred to as the pump input) of the optical module is the first port of the first gain waveguide, and correspondingly, the pump light is used to directly input the first port of the first gain waveguide. Alternatively, in some possible implementations, the optical module further includes a second input structure, which may have a first port and a second port. The second input structure is used to input pump light through its first port and output pump light to the first port of the first gain waveguide through its second port. The pump light at the pump input of the optical module can be the first port of the second input structure, and correspondingly, the pump light input to the optical module is used to directly input the first port of the second input structure.

[0053] In the third aspect, the optical module can be understood with reference to the optical module described in the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1a The schematic diagram illustrates the architecture of an optoelectronic converged base station;

[0055] Figure 1b The diagram illustrates the architecture of an all-optical base station.

[0056] Figure 2 The structure of the optical system provided in this application is illustrated schematically;

[0057] Figure 3The structure of the EDWA chip is illustrated schematically.

[0058] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates how the gain of the EDWA chip varies with the length of the gain waveguide.

[0059] Figure 5 This schematically illustrates another structure of the EDWA chip;

[0060] Figures 6-10 The structures of the optical modules provided in this application are illustrated schematically. Detailed Implementation

[0061] In this application, the structures used for transmitting optical signals are collectively referred to as optical transmission structures. Optical transmission structures include optical fibers and optical waveguides.

[0062] Optical fibers generally have a cylindrical symmetrical structure. For example, the core of an optical fiber is a cylindrical material with a high refractive index, while the cladding is a concentric ring-shaped material with a low refractive index.

[0063] Optical waveguides can also be called non-fiber optical transmission structures. Optical waveguides are generally planar or three-dimensional structures (such as strip, ridge, or photonic crystal structures). For example, optical waveguides can be fabricated using thermal oxidation or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes on silicon substrates to form layered dielectric waveguides.

[0064] Silicon oxide-based optical waveguides are optical waveguides based on silicon dioxide (SiO2) material systems, such as SiO2 / Si or SiO2 / SiO2 layered dielectric waveguides. By doping the core layer of the optical waveguide (e.g., germanium doping) and performing high-temperature annealing, it is beneficial to increase the refractive index difference between the core and cladding of the optical waveguide.

[0065] An optical transmission structure generally includes a core and a cladding. The refractive index of the core is greater than that of the cladding. Light is confined within the core and propagates through total internal reflection at the interface between the core and the cladding.

[0066] By doping the core layer of an optical transmission structure with a gain material, the gain material can amplify the optical signal under the excitation of pump light. Therefore, an optical transmission structure doped with a gain material can amplify the optical signal during transmission. This application refers to the optical transmission structure doped with a gain material as a gain optical transmission structure, and the optical fiber and optical waveguide doped with the gain material as gain optical fiber and gain optical waveguide (abbreviated as gain waveguide), respectively. For example, the gain material includes one or more elements such as erbium, ytterbium, and thulium.

[0067] Due to their advantages of low power consumption and ease of integration, gain waveguides are suitable for on-chip integrated photonic systems, such as optical communication, optical signal processing and optical interconnects. They can be used in applications such as signal relay, gain flattening and dynamic gain control in optical networks.

[0068] As mentioned earlier, the core layer of silicon oxide-based optical waveguides requires doping (such as germanium doping) and high-temperature annealing. It is difficult to increase the doping concentration and quality of gain materials in the core layer of silicon oxide-based optical waveguides. Therefore, the core layer of silicon oxide-based optical waveguides is not suitable for doping gain materials.

[0069] Lithium niobate (LN) is a natural high-refractive-index crystalline material, with a refractive index higher than common cladding materials (such as silicon dioxide or polymers) in the communication band. LN itself can serve as a high-refractive-index core layer without the need for doping and annealing to increase the refractive index. Therefore, LN can be used to dop gain materials as the core layer of gain waveguides.

[0070] Thin-film lithium niobate (LNOI) is a novel integrated photonic material. Compared to traditional bulk lithium niobate, LNOI offers advantages such as high refractive index contrast, high nonlinear coefficient, and low loss characteristics. LN or LNOI can be fabricated on substrates such as silicon or sapphire and can be used in high-speed optical modulators, quantum optical devices, and on-chip photonic computing, providing key technological support for next-generation high-speed, low-power optical communication and computing systems.

[0071] Figure 1a The schematic diagram illustrates the architecture of an optoelectronic converged base station. Figure 1b The diagram illustrates the architecture of an optical full-base station. Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the structure of an optical system. For example, a gain waveguide can be applied. Figure 1b The all-optical base station shown may be used in or applied to Figure 2 The optical system shown.

[0072] Figure 1a and Figure 1b In this context, HBF stands for hybrid beamforming. Figure 1a In the illustrated optoelectronic fusion base station, the HBF module optimizes the direction of the optical signal, the photoelectric detection module converts the optical signal output from the HBF module into an electrical signal, the electrical signal processing module performs signal processing (e.g., baseband processing) on ​​the electrical signal, the electrical amplification module amplifies the power of the processed electrical signal, and the antenna array transmits the amplified signal. Figure 1b In the all-optical base station shown, the HBF module is used to optimize the direction of the optical signal, the photonic signal processing module is used to process the optical signal output by the HBF module in the optical domain (e.g., demodulation and / or filtering), the optical amplification module is used to amplify the processed optical signal, the photoelectric detection module is used to convert the amplified optical signal into an electrical signal, and the antenna array is used to transmit the electrical signal.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, the optical system includes an input optical fiber, an output optical fiber, and optical components. The optical components have signal input and signal output terminals. Figure 2 The signal input terminal and the signal output terminal are represented by circles and triangles, respectively, but this application does not limit the shape of the signal input terminal and the signal output terminal, nor does it limit the relative position between the signal input terminal and the signal output terminal.

[0074] The input optical fiber is connected (or aligned) to the signal input terminal. The input optical fiber transmits the optical signal to the signal input terminal. After the optical signal is incident on the signal input terminal, the optical components amplify the signal and output the amplified optical signal through their own signal output terminal. The output optical fiber is connected (or aligned) to the signal output terminal. The amplified optical signal output from the signal output terminal is then incident on the end face of the output optical fiber, which transmits the incident optical signal.

[0075] In this application, amplifying an optical signal can be understood as amplifying the power or signal strength of the optical signal.

[0076] The optical device includes a pump laser and an optical module. The optical module may include an optical amplifier chip. The optical amplifier chip may be an optical waveguide amplifier chip; for example, it may be an erbium-doped waveguide amplifier (EDWA) chip. The following description uses an EDWA chip as an example. This application does not limit the type of gain element doped in the waveguide of the optical amplifier chip, nor does it limit the structure and material of the waveguide. The waveguide in the optical amplifier chip can be understood with reference to the gain waveguide described above.

[0077] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an EDWA chip. (Example) Figure 3 As shown, the EDWA chip includes a substrate and a gain waveguide integrated on the substrate. Figure 3 The black-filled bars represent the gain waveguides, and the white-filled rectangles represent the substrates of the optical modules.

[0078] The gain of an EDWA chip is affected not only by the doping concentration of the gain material in the gain waveguide, but also by the length of the gain waveguide. For a given doping concentration, there is an optimal length for the gain waveguide in an EDWA chip. Figure 4 This schematically illustrates how the gain of the EDWA chip varies with the length of the gain waveguide. For example... Figure 4 As shown, for a given doping concentration, the optimal length of the gain waveguide in the EDWA chip is between 15cm and 25cm.

[0079] However, the width of EDWA chips is typically less than 10cm. Therefore, the maximum length of the gain waveguide in an EDWA chip without bending is limited to 10cm, which significantly restricts optimal gain efficiency. Therefore, as... Figure 3 As shown, in order to improve the gain of the EDWA chip, the gain waveguide needs to be bent to increase the length of the gain waveguide in the EDWA chip.

[0080] Bending in a gain waveguide can easily lead to increased loss. Given a bend radius, a gain waveguide has an optimal width, which is the width at which the gain waveguide achieves the minimum loss. Alternatively, given a gain waveguide width, there is a bend radius threshold; this is the minimum bend radius at which the gain waveguide's loss is less than the loss threshold. When the bend radius is less than the bend radius threshold, the gain waveguide's loss exceeds the threshold. Furthermore, for gain waveguides of different widths, wider gain waveguides have larger bend radius thresholds.

[0081] Therefore, by reducing the width of the gain waveguide, it is beneficial to reduce the spacing between adjacent gain waveguides in the EDWA chip while avoiding excessive loss, thereby increasing the length of the gain waveguide in the EDWA chip and improving the gain of the EDWA chip.

[0082] In this application, the width of the gain waveguide can be understood as the cross-sectional area of ​​the gain waveguide. For gain waveguides of different widths, a wider gain waveguide has a larger mode field diameter (MFD), and a smaller gain waveguide has a smaller MFD.

[0083] Currently, the width of the gain waveguide in EDWA chips is on the order of 0.1 micrometers, and the MFD of the gain waveguide is on the order of 1 micrometer. However, the MFD of optical fibers is typically on the order of 10 micrometers, and is at least 3 micrometers. Equation 1 is the coupling efficiency equation. In Equation 1, E1 and E2 represent the optical field of the gain waveguide and the optical field of the optical fiber, respectively, and A represents the overlap area of ​​the optical fields between E1 and E2.

[0084]

[0085] As can be seen from Formula 1, the width of the gain waveguide in the EDWA chip is too small, which leads to a serious mode field mismatch between the gain waveguide and the optical fiber in the EDWA chip. This results in low coupling efficiency and large insertion loss, which restricts the application scenarios of the optical amplifier chip.

[0086] To improve the coupling efficiency between the gain waveguide and the optical fiber, the MFD of the gain waveguide in the EDWA chip can be increased. Figure 5 This schematic illustrates another structure of the EDWA chip. Figure 5Black-filled bars represent gain waveguides, and white-filled rectangles represent the substrate of the optical module. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the MFD of the gain waveguide integrated on the EDWA chip is 3 micrometers, and the MFD of the input fiber is also 3 micrometers. This is beneficial for improving the coupling efficiency between the gain waveguide and the fiber, and reducing the insertion loss of the optical signal. However, when the MFD of the gain waveguide is increased to 3 micrometers, the bending radius threshold of the gain waveguide becomes larger. It is difficult to achieve the optimal length of the gain waveguide within the finite size of the EDWA chip, thus making it difficult to guarantee the amplification factor (i.e., gain) of the optical signal by the EDWA chip.

[0087] Analysis revealed that the refractive index of thin-film lithium niobate (LNOI) is lower than that of doped silicon oxide. Therefore, the refractive index difference between the core and cladding layers of the EDWA chip is smaller than that between the core and cladding layers of the silicon oxide-based optical waveguide. Under the same loss and width conditions, the bending radius threshold of the gain waveguide in the silicon oxide-based optical waveguide is smaller than that in the EDWA chip. Furthermore, under the same loss and bending radius conditions, the optimal width of the gain waveguide in the silicon oxide-based optical waveguide is greater than that in the EDWA chip.

[0088] Based on the above findings, this application proposes to integrate discontinuous multi-segment gain waveguides on the EDWA chip, and connect different gain waveguides through an optical transmission structure (i.e., a non-gain optical transmission structure), so that the optical signal transmission passes through multiple gain waveguides, ensuring the amplification factor (i.e. gain) of the optical signal by the EDWA chip.

[0089] To improve the coupling efficiency between the gain waveguide and the optical transmission structure, the gain waveguide and the non-gain optical transmission structure can have the same or similar MFD (Mean Displacement Factor). Although the optical transmission structure needs to be bent to connect different gain waveguides on the same chip, for gain waveguides and non-gain optical transmission structures with the same MFD, the optical transmission structure (e.g., optical fiber or silicon oxide-based optical waveguide) is advantageous in achieving a smaller bending radius threshold. This allows for a reduction in the spacing between gain waveguides on the EDWA chip while increasing the MFD of the gain waveguide and the optical transmission structure, thereby increasing the length of the gain waveguide in the EDWA chip and improving the gain of the EDWA chip.

[0090] The optical module provided in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0091] Figure 6 The structure of the optical module is schematically shown. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the optical module includes an EDWA chip, PLC chip 1, and PLC chip 2. Optionally, the optical module also includes a substrate on which the EDWA chip, PLC chip 1, and PLC chip 2 can be mounted. Figure 6In the EDWA chip, the black-filled bars and white-filled rectangles represent the gain waveguide and the substrate, respectively. In PLC chip 1, the bars and rectangles represent the optical waveguide and substrate 1, respectively. In PLC chip 2, the bars and rectangles represent the optical waveguide and substrate 2, respectively.

[0092] like Figure 6 As shown, the EDWA chip includes a substrate and five gain waveguides. Figure 6 The five gain waveguides in the diagram are labeled as gain waveguide 1 to gain waveguide 5 from top to bottom. Figure 6 The serial number marked in the optical waveguide represents the serial number of the optical waveguide, such as... Figure 6 As shown, PLC chip 1 includes substrate 1, optical waveguide 2, optical waveguide 4 and optical waveguide 6, and PLC chip 2 includes substrate 2, optical waveguide 1, optical waveguide 3 and optical waveguide 5.

[0093] like Figure 6 As shown, the gain waveguide has port 1# and port 2#. The gain waveguide is used to transmit optical signals between port 1# and port 2#, and also to amplify the optical signals under the excitation of pump light. The optical waveguide has interface 1* and interface 2*, and is used to transmit optical signals between interface 1* and interface 2*. (As shown...) Figure 6 As shown, port 2# of gain waveguide i+1 and port 1# of gain waveguide i+2 are coupled to interface 1* and interface 2* of optical waveguide i+2, respectively, where i = 0, 1, 2 and 3.

[0094] Interface 1* of optical waveguide 1 is used to input optical signal s and pump light p, and optical waveguide 1 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p to its own interface 2*. Interface 2* of optical waveguide 1 is coupled to port 1# of gain waveguide 1. Optical signal s and pump light p are respectively input to port 1# of gain waveguide 1. Gain waveguide 1 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from port 1# to port 2#, and gain waveguide 1 amplifies optical signal s under the excitation of pump light. Port 2# of gain waveguide 1 is coupled to interface 1* of optical waveguide 2. Optical signal s and pump light p are respectively input to interface 1* of optical waveguide 2. Optical waveguide 2 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from interface 1* to interface 2*.

[0095] Interface 2* of optical waveguide 2 is coupled to port 1# of gain waveguide 2. Optical signal s and pump light p are input to port 1# of gain waveguide 2. Gain waveguide 2 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from port 1# to port 2#, and amplifies optical signal s under the excitation of the pump light. Port 2# of gain waveguide 2 is coupled to interface 1* of optical waveguide 3. Optical signal s and pump light p are input to interface 1* of optical waveguide 3, and optical waveguide 3 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from interface 1* to interface 2*.

[0096] Similarly, interface 2* of optical waveguide 5 couples to port 1# of gain waveguide 5. Optical signal s and pump light p are input to port 1# of gain waveguide 5, which transmits the optical signal s and pump light p from port 1# to port 2#. Furthermore, gain waveguide 5 amplifies the optical signal s under the excitation of the pump light. Port 2# of gain waveguide 5 couples to interface 1* of optical waveguide 6. Optical signal s and pump light p are input to interface 1* of optical waveguide 6, which transmits the optical signal s and pump light p from interface 1* to interface 2*.

[0097] In this way, without bending the gain waveguide, an optical path can be formed between port 1# of gain waveguide 1 and port 2# of gain waveguide 5, and the optical signal s is amplified sequentially by gain waveguides 1 to 5. This not only helps to increase the width of the gain waveguide while avoiding excessive optical signal loss and reducing mode field mismatch between the optical fiber and the gain waveguide, but also helps the length of the gain waveguide in the optical amplifier chip reach or approach its optimal length, thereby increasing the gain of the EDWA chip.

[0098] Although optical waveguides need to be bent with a small bending radius to connect different gain waveguides in an EDWA chip, they offer the advantage of achieving a larger optimal width compared to gain waveguides for the same loss and bending radius. This allows for increased waveguide width while minimizing mode mismatch between the fiber and waveguide, thus reducing optical signal loss. Consequently, while maintaining EDWA chip performance (e.g., high gain and low loss), increasing the width of both gain and optical waveguides improves coupling efficiency, reduces insertion loss, and expands the application scenarios of EDWA chips.

[0099] like Figure 6 As shown, the interface 2* of the optical waveguide 6 is also used to input the pump light p. This facilitates bidirectional pump amplification of the optical path, thereby increasing the power of the pump light input to the gain waveguide in the optical path and thus improving the amplification efficiency of the EDWA chip for the optical signal s.

[0100] Figure 6 Taking the integration of 5 gain waveguides in an EDWA chip as an example, the EDWA chip can integrate more or fewer gain waveguides. The first and second gain waveguides mentioned earlier can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 6 To understand the gain waveguides i+1 and i+2 shown, refer to the first optical transmission structure mentioned earlier. Figure 6 The optical waveguide i+2 shown is understood as follows, where i = 0, 1, 2, or 3. The "first side of the optical amplifier chip" mentioned earlier can be referenced... Figure 6The side where port 1# of gain waveguide 1 is located in the EDWA chip shown can be referred to as the "second side of the optical amplifier chip". Figure 6 The side where port 2# of gain waveguide 1 is located in the EDWA chip shown.

[0101] Figure 6 The optical waveguide 1 in the text can be understood as the first input structure introduced earlier, and the input optical fiber can couple the interface 1* of the optical waveguide 1. Figure 6 Optical waveguide 6 can serve as the output structure of the optical module, used to couple the output optical fiber and input the amplified optical signal into it. Optionally, PLC chip 1 may not integrate optical waveguide 6, and interface 2# of gain waveguide 5 can be directly coupled to the output optical fiber. Optionally, PLC chip 2 may not integrate optical waveguide 1, and interface 1# of gain waveguide 1 can be directly coupled to the input optical fiber.

[0102] Figure 7 This schematically illustrates another structure for the optical module. (Example) Figure 7 As shown, the optical module includes an EDWA chip and optical fibers 1 to 6. Optionally, the optical module also includes a substrate on which the EDWA chip and optical fibers 1 to 6 can be mounted. Figure 7 In the EDWA chip, black-filled bars and white-filled rectangles represent the gain waveguide and substrate, respectively. Figure 7 As shown, the EDWA chip includes a substrate and five gain waveguides. Figure 7 The five gain waveguides in the diagram are labeled as gain waveguide 1 to gain waveguide 5 from top to bottom. Figure 7 Optical fibers are represented by white bars, and the numbers in the bars represent the fiber's serial number.

[0103] like Figure 7 As shown, the gain waveguide has port 1# and port 2#, and is used to transmit optical signals between port 1# and port 2#. Furthermore, the gain waveguide is used to amplify the optical signal under the excitation of pump light. The optical fiber has interface 1* and interface 2*, and is used to transmit optical signals between interface 1* and interface 2*. Figure 6 As shown, port 2# of gain waveguide i+1 and port 1# of gain waveguide i+2 are coupled to interface 1* and interface 2* of fiber i+2, respectively, where i = 0, 1, 2 and 3.

[0104] Interface 1* of fiber optic cable 1 is used to input optical signal s and pump light p. Fiber optic cable 1 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p to its own interface 2*. Interface 2* of fiber optic cable 1 is coupled to port 1# of gain waveguide 1. Optical signal s and pump light p are respectively input to port 1# of gain waveguide 1. Gain waveguide 1 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from port 1# to port 2#, and amplifies optical signal s under the excitation of pump light. Port 2# of gain waveguide 1 is coupled to interface 1* of fiber optic cable 2. Optical signal s and pump light p are respectively input to interface 1* of fiber optic cable 2. Fiber optic cable 2 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from interface 1* to interface 2*.

[0105] Interface 2* of fiber optic cable 2 is coupled to port 1# of gain waveguide 2. Optical signal s and pump light p are input to port 1# of gain waveguide 2. Gain waveguide 2 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from port 1# to port 2#, and amplifies optical signal s under the excitation of the pump light. Port 2# of gain waveguide 2 is coupled to interface 1* of fiber optic cable 3. Optical signal s and pump light p are input to interface 1* of fiber optic cable 3, and fiber optic cable 3 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from interface 1* to interface 2*.

[0106] Similarly, interface 2* of fiber 5 couples to port 1# of gain waveguide 5. Optical signal s and pump light p are input to port 1# of gain waveguide 5. Gain waveguide 5 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from port 1# to port 2#, and amplifies optical signal s under the excitation of the pump light. Port 2# of gain waveguide 5 couples to interface 1* of fiber 6. Optical signal s and pump light p are input to interface 1* of fiber 6, and fiber 6 is used to transmit optical signal s and pump light p from interface 1* to interface 2*.

[0107] In this way, without bending the gain waveguide, an optical path can be formed between port 1# of gain waveguide 1 and port 2# of gain waveguide 5, and the optical signal s is amplified sequentially by gain waveguides 1 to 5. This not only helps to increase the width of the gain waveguide while avoiding excessive optical signal loss and reducing mode field mismatch between the optical fiber and the gain waveguide, but also helps the length of the gain waveguide in the optical amplifier chip reach or approach its optimal length, thereby increasing the gain of the EDWA chip.

[0108] Although the optical fiber needs to be bent with a small bending radius to connect the different gain waveguides in the EDWA chip, the flexibility of the optical fiber allows it to be bent with a small radius with less loss. Furthermore, the high mode field matching among the optical fiber, input fiber, and output fiber improves the coupling efficiency between them, reduces insertion loss of the optical signal in the EDWA chip, and thus expands the application scenarios of the EDWA chip.

[0109] like Figure 7 As shown, interface 2* of fiber 6 is also used to input pump light p. This facilitates bidirectional pump amplification of the optical path, thereby increasing the power of the pump light input to the gain waveguide in the optical path and thus improving the amplification efficiency of the EDWA chip for the optical signal s.

[0110] Figure 7 Taking the integration of 5 gain waveguides in the EDWA chip as an example, the EDWA chip can integrate more or fewer gain waveguides. Figure 7 In this context, fiber 1 can be understood as the first input structure introduced earlier, and the input fiber can be coupled to interface 1* of fiber 1. Figure 7 Fiber 6 in the PLC chip can serve as the output structure of the optical module, used to couple the output fiber and input the amplified optical signal into it. Optionally, fiber 6 can be omitted from PLC chip 1, with interface 2# of gain waveguide 5 directly coupled to the output fiber. Alternatively, fiber 1 can be omitted from PLC chip 2, with interface 1# of gain waveguide 1 directly coupled to the input fiber.

[0111] Figure 8 This schematically illustrates another structure for the optical module. (Example) Figure 8 As shown, the optical module includes an EDWA chip, PLC chip 1, and PLC chip 2. Optionally, the optical module also includes a substrate on which the EDWA chip, PLC chip 1, and PLC chip 2 can be mounted.

[0112] Figure 8 The optical module shown can be referenced. Figure 6 The optical modules shown are understood as follows: For example, the EDWA chip includes a substrate and gain waveguides 1 to 5 integrated on the substrate; PLC chip 1 includes a substrate 1 and optical waveguides 2, 4, and 6 integrated on the substrate 1; PLC chip 2 includes a substrate 2 and optical waveguides 1, 3, and 5 integrated on the substrate 2. Figure 8 As shown, an optical path is formed between port 1# of gain waveguide 1 and port 2# of gain waveguide 5, and the optical signal s is amplified sequentially by gain waveguide 1 to gain waveguide 5.

[0113] and Figure 6 Unlike the optical modules shown, optical waveguides 3 and 5 each have an interface 3*. Interface 3* is used to input pump light p. Optical waveguide 3 is also used to transmit the pump light p input through interface 3* to interface 1* of optical waveguide 3. Optical waveguide 5 is also used to transmit the pump light p input through interface 3* to interface 1* of optical waveguide 5. This facilitates the input of multiple pump lights into the optical path, thereby improving the power and uniformity of the pump light input into the gain waveguide in the optical path, and thus improving the amplification efficiency of the EDWA chip for the optical signal s.

[0114] exist Figure 8 In the optical module shown, the pump light is input on one side of the EDWA chip, which helps to simplify the packaging of the optical module.

[0115] Figure 9 This schematically illustrates another structure for the optical module. (Example) Figure 9 As shown, the optical module includes an EDWA chip, PLC chip 1, and PLC chip 2. Optionally, the optical module also includes a substrate on which the EDWA chip, PLC chip 1, and PLC chip 2 can be mounted.

[0116] Figure 9 The optical module shown can be referenced. Figure 6 The optical modules shown are understood as follows: For example, the EDWA chip includes a substrate and gain waveguides 1 to 5 integrated on the substrate; PLC chip 1 includes a substrate 1 and optical waveguides 2, 4, and 6 integrated on the substrate 1; PLC chip 2 includes a substrate 2 and optical waveguides 1, 3, and 5 integrated on the substrate 2. Figure 9 As shown, an optical path is formed between port 1# of gain waveguide 1 and port 2# of gain waveguide 5, and the optical signal s is amplified sequentially by gain waveguide 1 to gain waveguide 5.

[0117] and Figure 6 Different optical modules are shown, and optical waveguides 2 to 5 also have interfaces 3*, respectively. Interface 3* is used to input pump light p, and optical waveguide j is also used to transmit the pump light p input through interface 3* to interface 1* of optical waveguide j, where j = 2, 3, 4, and 5. This facilitates the input of pump light to each gain waveguide in the optical path, thereby improving the power and uniformity of the pump light input to the gain waveguides in the optical path, and thus improving the amplification efficiency of the EDWA chip for the optical signal s.

[0118] Figure 10 This schematically illustrates another structure for the optical module. (Example) Figure 10 As shown, the optical module includes an EDWA chip, PLC chip 1, and PLC chip 2. Optionally, the optical module also includes a substrate on which the EDWA chip, PLC chip 1, and PLC chip 2 can be mounted.

[0119] like Figure 10 As shown, the EDWA chip includes a substrate and multiple gain waveguides integrated on the substrate; PLC chip 1 includes a substrate 1 and multiple optical waveguides integrated on the substrate 1; and PLC chip 2 includes a substrate 2 and multiple optical waveguides integrated on the substrate 2. The multiple gain waveguides and multiple optical waveguides in the optical module can be divided into n optical amplification components. These n optical amplification components are used to input optical signal s and amplify the optical signal s, where n is a positive integer. The following description uses optical amplification component 1 as an example. Figure 10 The optical amplification component in the optical module shown.

[0120] Figure 10 In this context, the gain waveguide and optical waveguide in optical amplification component 1 can be understood by referring to the gain waveguide and optical waveguide in the optical module introduced earlier. For example, optical amplification component 1 includes gain waveguide 1 to gain waveguide 5 and optical waveguide 1 to optical waveguide 5. In each optical amplification component, an optical path is formed between port 1# of gain waveguide 1 and port 2# of gain waveguide 5, and the optical signal s is amplified sequentially by gain waveguide 1 to gain waveguide 5.

[0121] Figures 6-9 The gain waveguide and optical waveguide in the optical module shown can be understood as belonging to the same optical amplification component, and are optional. Figures 6-9 The optical module shown can integrate multiple optical amplification components.

[0122] and Figure 6 Different optical modules are shown, with waveguides 2, 4, and 5 each having interface 3* and interface 4*, and waveguide 3 having interface 4*. Interfaces 3* and 4* are used to input pump light p. Waveguides 2, 4, and 5 are also used to transmit the pump light p input through interface 3* to interface 1* of the corresponding waveguide. Waveguides 2 through 5 are also used to transmit the pump light p input through interface 4* to interface 2* of the corresponding waveguide. This facilitates inputting pump light to each gain waveguide in the optical path, improving the power and uniformity of the pump light input to the gain waveguides, thereby enhancing the amplification efficiency of the EDWA chip for the optical signal s.

[0123] and Figure 6 The optical modules shown are different. Figure 10 The optical amplification component 1 shown also includes a beam splitter structure 1 integrated on PLC chip 1 and a beam splitter structure 2 integrated on PLC chip 2. For example... Figure 10 As shown, beam splitter 1 is integrated on substrate 1. Beam splitter 1 splits an input pump light p into four pump light beams, which are respectively input to interface 3* of optical waveguide 2, interface 4* of optical waveguide 2, interface 3* of optical waveguide 4, and interface 4* of optical waveguide 4. Beam splitter 2 is integrated on substrate 2. Beam splitter 2 splits an input pump light p into three pump light beams, which are respectively input to interface 4* of optical waveguide 3, interface 3* of optical waveguide 5, and interface 4* of optical waveguide 5. This reduces the number of pump light input ports (i.e., the pump input terminals mentioned above) in the optical module, thereby reducing the fiber alignment, welding, and other process steps required for coupling the pump light, reducing packaging difficulty and cost, and improving the reliability of optical devices.

[0124] and Figure 6The optical modules shown are different. Figure 10 The optical amplification component 1 shown also includes a beam combining structure (or wavelength division multiplexing structure) integrated on the PLC chip 2. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the beam combiner is integrated on substrate 2. This beam combiner is used to combine the optical signal s from the input optical module and a single pump light p into interface 1* of optical waveguide 1. Then, through optical waveguide 1, the optical signal s and pump light p are input into port 1# of gain waveguide 1. This facilitates the on-chip beam combining of the optical signal and pump light into the gain waveguide, further reducing the package area and achieving ultra-high integration on-chip erbium-doped optical amplification.

[0125] Figure 10 By way of example only, this application does not limit the number of beam-splitting structures in the optical amplification component 1, nor does it limit the number of pump beams output by the beam-splitting structures. Optionally, Figure 10 The shown beam splitting and / or beam combining structures can be installed on Figure 10 Apart from the optical module shown.

[0126] The above describes the optical modules, optical devices, and optical systems provided in this application. This application does not limit the specific application scenarios of the optical modules, optical devices, and optical systems. For example, the optical modules, optical devices, and optical systems can be applied to the transmitting or receiving end of an optical communication system or in an optical transmission network. Specifically, they can be applied to long-distance optical fiber communication, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, all-optical networks, satellite optical communication, high-power laser systems, future optical networks, photonic computing architectures, and data center optical interconnects. Exemplarily, the optical modules, optical devices, and optical systems can be applied to… Figure 1a In the all-optical base station shown.

[0127] The terms "fixing," "installation," and "assembly" used in this application can have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably in some situations. This application does not limit the specific methods of fixing, installing, and assembling; for example, it can be achieved through welding, bonding, or snap-fitting.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method examples, and will not be repeated here. The "A and / or B" mentioned in the examples of this application can be understood to include both "A and B" and "A or B" schemes.

[0129] In the examples provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed modules, devices, or equipment can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device examples described above are merely illustrative. Furthermore, the couplings or direct couplings or communication connections shown or discussed may be indirect couplings or communication connections through interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical or other forms.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical module, characterized in that, The optical module includes an optical amplification chip and one or more optical transmission structures; The optical amplifier chip includes two or more gain waveguides, which are used to transmit optical signals between a first port and a second port, and are used to amplify the signal strength of the optical signal under the excitation of pump light. The one or more optical transmission structures are respectively used to transmit the optical signal between the first interface and the second interface; wherein... The one or more optical transmission structures include a first optical transmission structure, and the two or more gain waveguides include a first gain waveguide and a second gain waveguide. The second port of the first gain waveguide and the first port of the second gain waveguide are respectively coupled to the first interface or different interfaces of the second interface of the first optical transmission structure.

2. The optical module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first optical transmission structure is a first optical fiber, or the first optical transmission structure is a first waveguide integrated on a first substrate.

3. The optical module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first waveguide also has a third interface for inputting the pump light, and the first waveguide is also used to transmit the pump light input through the third interface to the first interface of the first waveguide.

4. The optical module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first waveguide also has a fourth interface for inputting the pump light, and the first waveguide is also used to transmit the pump light input through the fourth interface to the second interface of the first waveguide.

5. The optical module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The optical module further includes a first beam splitting structure, which is integrated on the first substrate. The first beam splitting structure is used to split the input pump light into beams and input them into the third interface and the fourth interface respectively.

6. The optical module according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first port and the second port of the first gain waveguide are located on the first side and the second side of the optical amplifier chip, respectively. The first port and the second port of the second gain waveguide are located on the second side and the first side of the optical amplifier chip, respectively. The first optical transmission structure is located on the second side of the optical amplifier chip.

7. The optical module according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The one or more optical transmission structures further include a second optical transmission structure, and the two or more gain waveguides further include a third gain waveguide. The second port of the second gain waveguide and the first port of the third gain waveguide are respectively coupled to the first interface of the second optical transmission structure or different interfaces of the second interface.

8. The optical module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second optical transmission structure is a second optical fiber, or the second optical transmission structure is a second waveguide integrated on a second substrate.

9. The optical module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The optical module further includes a beam combiner structure integrated on the second substrate. The beam combiner structure is used to combine the optical signal and the pump light and input them into the first port of the first gain waveguide.

10. The optical module according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The mode field diameter (MFD) of the gain waveguides in the two or more gain waveguides is greater than or equal to 3 micrometers, and the MFD of the optical transmission structure in the one or more optical transmission structures is greater than or equal to 3 micrometers.

11. The optical module according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The refractive index difference between the core layer and cladding of the two or more gain waveguides for the optical signal is less than the refractive index difference between the core layer and cladding of the one or more optical transmission structures for the optical signal.

12. An optical device, characterized in that, The optical device includes a pump laser and an optical module; The pump laser is used to provide pump light to the optical module; The optical module includes an optical amplification chip and one or more optical transmission structures; The optical amplifier chip includes two or more gain waveguides, which are used to transmit optical signals between a first port and a second port, and are used to amplify the signal strength of the optical signal under the excitation of the pump light. The one or more optical transmission structures are respectively used to transmit the optical signal between the first interface and the second interface; wherein... The one or more optical transmission structures include a first optical transmission structure, and the two or more gain waveguides include a first gain waveguide and a second gain waveguide. The second port of the first gain waveguide and the first port of the second gain waveguide are respectively coupled to the first interface or different interfaces of the second interface of the first optical transmission structure.

13. An optical system, characterized in that, The optical system includes an input optical fiber, an output optical fiber, and optical devices, wherein the optical devices include a pump laser and an optical module; The pump laser is used to provide pump light to the optical module; The input optical fiber is used to transmit optical signals to the optical module; The optical module includes an optical amplification chip and one or more optical transmission structures; The optical amplifier chip includes two or more gain waveguides, which are used to transmit the optical signal between a first port and a second port, and are used to amplify the signal strength of the optical signal under the excitation of the pump light. The one or more optical transmission structures are respectively used to transmit the optical signal between the first interface and the second interface; wherein... The one or more optical transmission structures include a first optical transmission structure, and the two or more gain waveguides include a first gain waveguide and a second gain waveguide. The second port of the first gain waveguide and the first port of the second gain waveguide are respectively coupled to the first interface or different interfaces of the second interface of the first optical transmission structure. The output optical fiber is used to input and transmit the optical signal amplified by the optical module.

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