Frequency and voltage support method and system combining primary frequency regulation and fast active and reactive power

Abstract

This invention discloses a frequency and voltage support method and system combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power control, relating to the field of power system frequency stability control. The method first acquires the operating status of the renewable energy base, calculates the frequency deviation, net imbalance, and key bus voltage, and then executes coordinated control of primary frequency and voltage regulation to form basic support. Before a disturbance occurs, a parameter pre-tuning optimization model is constructed for typical scenarios, and the frequency and voltage support parameters are optimized offline as initial parameters for online control. After a disturbance occurs, rapid P-Q regulation is triggered by event recognition, and an optimization model is constructed to solve for additional active and reactive power control quantities, which are then superimposed on the primary frequency and voltage regulation outputs for execution. This invention, through two-stage coordinated control of "offline parameter pre-tuning + online rapid P-Q superposition," significantly improves the frequency recovery capability, voltage support capability, and multi-resource coordinated control capability of renewable energy bases under strong disturbances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of frequency stability control in power systems, and in particular to a frequency and voltage support method and system that combines primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power control. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous construction of large-scale new energy bases in the desert and Gobi areas, the system exhibits dynamic characteristics dominated by converters. Under the constraints of a high proportion of new energy and converter capacity, the system presents a situation of mutual restraint between active and reactive power regulation during disturbances. When the new energy base suffers large disturbances such as mixed load disturbances, single-phase ground faults, and DC blocking, it often simultaneously exhibits problems such as frequency drops, power imbalances, voltage drops, and even the grid connection point exceeding limits of new energy units. Most existing control methods for new energy bases are designed from the perspectives of primary frequency regulation, primary voltage regulation, or single-fault emergency control, and usually adopt fixed parameters or empirical tuning methods to achieve controller operation. These methods can play a certain role under normal disturbances, but they still have the following shortcomings under strong disturbance scenarios: First, the lack of parameter optimization and pre-tuning mechanisms for typical fault scenarios before disturbances occur makes it difficult for control parameters to simultaneously take into account frequency recovery, voltage support, and operational economy. Secondly, after a disturbance occurs, most methods still use the conventional gradual adjustment method of primary frequency regulation and primary voltage regulation, lacking a rapid additional active / reactive power correction mechanism for the initial stage of the fault, resulting in insufficient voltage support and slow frequency recovery in the initial stage of the fault. Third, when multiple resources participate in support at the same time, there is often an apparent capacity competition relationship between the additional active power control and the additional reactive power control. If the capacity circle constraint, low voltage ride-through / high voltage ride-through constraint and different control priorities are not considered in a unified manner, it is easy to cause control command conflicts.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a frequency and voltage support method and system that combines primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power control. On the one hand, before a disturbance occurs, the control parameters are optimized and pre-tuned based on typical fault scenarios. On the other hand, after a disturbance occurs, based on conventional primary frequency and voltage regulation, additional active power control and additional reactive power control are quickly solved for specific fault events, while uniformly considering frequency safety, voltage safety, capacity constraints, and ride-through constraints. This will improve the frequency recovery capability, voltage support capability, and multi-resource collaborative control capability of new energy bases under strong disturbances. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a frequency and voltage support method and system that combines primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power, in order to solve the problems in the prior art such as lack of parameter preparation before disturbance, slow control action after disturbance, competition between frequency and voltage control, and difficulty in unifying and coordinating multiple resource capacities and ride-through constraints.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation, comprising the following steps: S1. Operation Status Calculation: Obtain real-time operation status information of the new energy base, and calculate the system frequency, frequency deviation, system net imbalance, and key bus voltage at the current moment. S2, Primary Frequency Regulation Coordination Control: Based on the frequency deviation and system net imbalance obtained from S1, the active power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and external support grids is coordinated and regulated to form a basic active power support quantity; S3, Primary Voltage Regulation Coordination Control: Based on the key bus voltage deviation obtained from S1, the reactive power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage and load side is coordinated and adjusted to form a basic reactive power support quantity; S4. Control parameter pre-tuning: Before the disturbance occurs, a control parameter pre-tuning optimization problem is constructed for typical disturbance scenarios. The frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters of each control resource in S2 and S3 are optimized and solved. The optimization results are used as the initial control parameters for primary frequency regulation, primary voltage regulation and fast PQ regulation after the disturbance. S5. Event Identification and Triggering: Real-time identification of fault events, triggering rapid PQ adjustment when preset triggering conditions are met, and recording the baseline active power output and baseline reactive power output after S2 and S3 are executed; S6. Fast PQ regulation execution: After S5 is triggered, the additional active power control quantity and additional reactive power control quantity of each control resource are solved and superimposed on the primary frequency regulation output and the primary voltage regulation output respectively, thereby realizing the enhancement of frequency support and voltage support of the new energy base under strong disturbance.

[0006] This invention also provides a frequency and voltage support system combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation, comprising: The operation status calculation module is used to calculate the real-time frequency, frequency deviation, system net imbalance, and key bus voltage of the new energy base. The primary frequency regulation module is used to coordinate and regulate the active power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and external supporting power grids based on frequency deviation and system net imbalance. The primary voltage regulation module is used to coordinate and regulate the reactive power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and load side based on the voltage deviation of the key bus. The parameter pre-tuning module is used to construct control parameter pre-tuning optimization problems for typical disturbance scenarios before disturbances occur, optimize and solve the frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters of each control resource, and use the optimization results as the initial control parameters for primary frequency regulation, primary voltage regulation and fast PQ regulation after the disturbance. The event recognition and triggering module is used to identify fault events and trigger rapid PQ adjustment when preset triggering conditions are met. The fast PQ adjustment module is used to solve for the additional active power control quantity and additional reactive power control quantity of each control resource after the event is triggered, and then superimpose them onto the primary frequency regulation and primary voltage regulation output for execution.

[0007] Therefore, the frequency-voltage support method and system of the present invention, which combines primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation, has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention introduces a parameter pre-tuning optimization mechanism based on typical fault scenarios before the disturbance occurs, so that the frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters of each frequency regulation and voltage regulation resource can be matched with typical disturbance scenarios, thereby improving the adaptability of control parameters before the disturbance.

[0008] (2) After a disturbance occurs, the present invention not only retains the unified primary frequency regulation and primary voltage regulation functions, but also uses fault event triggered fast PQ regulation to quickly solve for additional emergency active power and additional emergency reactive power and superimpose them within the holding time window, thereby enhancing the voltage recovery capability in the early stage of the fault and the frequency recovery capability in the middle and late stages of the fault.

[0009] (3) The present invention also uniformly considers capacity constraints, low voltage / high voltage ride-through constraints and different priority pruning strategies, which improves the engineering executability and multi-resource coordination of the control results.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of the frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the topology of the new energy large-scale base system used in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the timing relationship between two-stage optimization control and traditional control in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the timing relationship between two-stage optimization control and (b) is a schematic diagram of the timing relationship between traditional control; Figure 4 This is a graph showing the frequency results of frequency-voltage coordinated parameter optimization before disturbance in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the voltage result of frequency-voltage coordinating parameter optimization before disturbance in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a frequency result diagram after two-stage PQ fast control following disturbance in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7This is a diagram showing the voltage result after two-stage PQ fast control following a disturbance, as illustrated in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0013] Please see Figure 1 A frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power control includes the following steps: S1. Operational Status Calculation: Obtain real-time operational status information of the new energy base, and calculate the system frequency, frequency deviation, net system imbalance, and key bus voltage at the current moment. The system frequency and frequency deviation characterize the dynamic frequency state of the new energy base after a disturbance; the net system imbalance characterizes the degree of active power imbalance experienced by the system at the current moment; and the key bus voltage reflects the voltage support requirements of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, load aggregation nodes, and equivalent nodes of the external supporting power grid. Specifically, this includes the following steps: S11. Obtain the current system frequency. and system frequency deviation The relationship between the two can be expressed as follows: ; In the formula, n is the current discrete simulation time; This is the current system frequency of the new energy base. The system's rated frequency is set to 50 Hz. The system frequency deviation at the current moment is used to characterize the degree of deviation of the system frequency from the rated frequency. S12. Obtain the active power of the balancing node, and calculate the original electrical disturbance based on its deviation from the reference balancing power before the fault. The expression is: ; In the formula, For electrical disturbances; The active power of the equilibrium node is calculated at the current moment; The active power of the reference equilibrium node under the steady-state operating point before the fault; S13. Apply second-order dynamic smoothing to the original electrical disturbance to obtain the net system imbalance. The expression is as follows: ; ; In the formula, It serves as the state variable of the second-order dynamic smoothing element and also as the output of the smoothed active disturbance. State variables The first derivative is used to characterize the rate of change of the active disturbance. State variables The second derivative is used to characterize the rate of change of the rate of change of the active disturbance. The damping ratio of the active disturbance smoothing element is used to adjust the oscillation degree and response stability of the smoothing process; It is the natural angular frequency of the active disturbance smoothing element, used to adjust the response speed of the smoothing element; This is the net imbalance of the system obtained after second-order dynamic smoothing.

[0014] S2. Primary Frequency Regulation Coordination Control: Based on the frequency deviation and system net imbalance obtained in S1, the active power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaic power, wind power, energy storage, and external supporting power grids is coordinated and regulated to form a basic active power support quantity; specifically, it includes the following steps: S21. Based on the system net imbalance and system frequency state, the system frequency state is updated using the oscillation equation to obtain the system frequency and frequency deviation at the next moment, expressed as: ; In the formula, Here, is the rate of change of the system frequency; H is the system's equivalent inertial time constant. is the net system imbalance obtained after second-order dynamic smoothing at the nth sampling time; D is the system damping coefficient. S22. Apply frequency dead-time processing to the synchronizing machine and the new energy resources respectively to obtain the effective frequency difference of the synchronizing machine and the effective frequency difference of the new energy resources, expressed as follows: ; In the formula, The effective frequency deviation after dead-time processing at the nth sampling moment; The original frequency deviation at the nth sampling time; The dead time threshold for the primary frequency modulation of the synchronous machine; This is the sign function, used to preserve the positive and negative directions of the frequency deviation; This is the absolute value of the frequency deviation; S23. Generate the primary frequency regulation reference value of the synchronizer based on the effective frequency difference of the synchronizer, and obtain the actual active power regulation value of the synchronizer through the first-order inertial element, gain element, and power limiting element, as shown in the following expression: ; ; In the formula, i represents the type of station with frequency modulation capability. The active power command output by the frequency modulation controller. For frequency support coefficients, The active power adjustment response time constant for each resource, The effective frequency deviation value obtained from S22 is... This represents the actual active power regulation of the synchronizer at the (n+1)th sampling time. This represents the actual active power regulation of the synchronizer at the nth sampling time. The active power regulation of the synchronous machine for primary frequency modulation is given at the nth sampling time. This is the primary frequency modulation reference active power adjustment of the synchronizing machine at the previous sampling time. This is for simulating step size; The active power regulation response time constant of the synchronous machine; This is the feedforward correction coefficient for the change in the reference value of the active power regulation of the synchronous machine; The primary frequency regulation reference quantities for photovoltaic, wind power, and energy storage are generated based on the effective frequency difference of new energy sources and its rate of change, respectively. The corresponding actual active power regulation quantities are obtained through their respective first-order inertial elements, gain elements, and power limiting elements, as expressed below: ; In the formula, i is the number of the new energy resource participating in frequency modulation; This represents the actual active power regulation of the i-th type of new energy resource at the (n+1)-th sampling time. This represents the actual active power regulation of the i-th type of new energy resource at the nth sampling time. For the primary frequency regulation reference active power adjustment of the i-th type of new energy resource at the nth sampling time; S24. Connect the external support grid to the new energy base in the form of a voltage source series impedance, generating the active power regulation of the external support grid, expressed as: ; In the formula, and These represent the active power regulation outputs of the external support power grid at the nth and (n+1)th discrete moments, respectively. This is the active power regulation reference quantity of the external support power grid at the nth discrete time. dt is the active power regulation response time constant of the external support grid, used to characterize the dynamic response speed of the external grid's active power support; dt is the simulation calculation step size; the subscript mx represents the external support grid, the subscript res represents the response quantity, and the subscript ref represents the reference quantity; S25. Update the output power of each resource according to the active power regulation; combine the reactive power output of the external support grid at the previous moment, and perform a capacity loop correction based on apparent capacity constraints on its active power output, the expression of which is: ; In the formula, This represents the maximum active power output limit allowed for the i-th control resource under the current reactive power output conditions. Let be the rated apparent capacity of the i-th control resource; Let be the reactive power output of the i-th control resource at time t; t is a continuous time variable.

[0015] S3. Primary Voltage Regulation Coordination Control: Based on the key bus voltage deviation obtained in S1, the reactive power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and load side is coordinated and adjusted to form a basic reactive power support; specifically, it includes the following steps: S31. Generate a reactive power regulation reference quantity based on the voltage deviation of the critical bus at each node. The expression is as follows: ; in, This refers to the reactive power command output by the voltage regulator controller. This is the voltage support coefficient. For the voltage deviation of the associated node of the i-th type of resource, The reactive response time constant; S32. The reactive power regulation of each voltage regulation resource is obtained through proportional and first-order inertial elements respectively, and the expression is: ; In the formula, This represents the actual reactive power regulation output of the i-th type of resource at the (n+1)-th sampling time. This represents the actual reactive power regulation output of the i-th type of resource at the nth sampling time. The reference value for reactive power regulation of the i-th type of resource at the nth sampling time; The voltage setpoint of the external support grid is corrected based on the voltage deviation at the load aggregation nodes to provide auxiliary support for the system voltage. The expression is as follows: ; In the formula, The actual voltage setting value of the equivalent PV node of the external support power grid at the nth sampling time; The rate of change of the external support grid voltage setpoint; This refers to the external support grid voltage command value generated based on the voltage deviation at the load aggregation node. The first-order response time constant for adjusting the voltage setpoint of the external support grid; mx represents the external support grid; During the support process, if the voltage is below 0.90 pu or above 1.1 pu, the high / low voltage ride-through logic blocks the primary voltage regulation logic. The reactive power output of the new energy power station follows the high / low voltage ride-through logic, expressed as follows: ; ; In the formula, For the additional reactive power support of the i-th type of new energy resources under voltage ride-through conditions; Let be the low-voltage ride-through reactive power support factor for the i-th type of resource; The high-voltage ride-through reactive power support factor; The voltage amplitude at the grid connection point or associated bus of the i-th type of resource; This refers to the rated capacity or maximum apparent capacity of the resource that can be used for reactive power support.

[0016] S4. Control Parameter Pre-tuning: Before a disturbance occurs, a control parameter pre-tuning optimization problem is constructed for typical disturbance scenarios. The frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters of each control resource in S2 and S3 are optimized and solved. The optimization results are used as the initial control parameters for primary frequency regulation, primary voltage regulation, and fast PQ regulation after the disturbance. Specifically, it includes the following steps: S41. Establish a network model and control resource model for the new energy base; initialize the baseline values ​​and solution boundaries of frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters based on the rated capacity, initial operating point, and control upper and lower limits of each resource. S42. Perform initial power flow calculations before the fault to obtain the steady-state operating point and reference balanced power before the fault. S43. Construct a set of typical disturbance scenarios, which shall include at least active load disturbance, reactive load disturbance, mixed load disturbance, single-phase ground fault and DC blocking disturbance. S44. Establish a parameter pre-tuning optimization model with frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters as decision variables. The frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters for synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, and energy storage are used as decision variables, and the expression is: ; ; In the formula, For frequency support parameter vectors, For voltage support parameter vectors; , , , These are the frequency support coefficients for synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, and energy storage, respectively. , , , These are the voltage support coefficients for synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, and energy storage, respectively. S45. Construct the frequency constraint, voltage constraint, capacity constraint, crossover constraint, and action cost constraint of the optimization model; S46. Construct an objective function that includes voltage deviation term, frequency deviation term, constraint penalty term, and parameter regularization term; ; In the formula, This is the voltage deviation penalty term coefficient. The sum of voltage deviations at each node, This is a voltage deviation penalty term. The coefficient for the frequency exceeding the limit penalty term. This represents the deviation of the frequency from the reference value. This is a penalty for exceeding the frequency limit. This is the penalty term coefficient for voltage deviations exceeding 0.02. This represents the sum of deviations after the voltage at each node exceeds 0.02 deviation. This is a penalty for voltage deviation exceeding 0.02. The penalty term coefficient for triggering high-voltage and low-voltage breakdown events. The remaining voltage deviation is to trigger a high / low voltage breakdown event. The penalty for triggering a high-voltage undervoltage event. This is the penalty coefficient for frequencies exceeding 0.2Hz. This represents the remaining frequency deviation after the frequency exceeds 0.2Hz. A penalty is applied for frequencies exceeding 0.2Hz. The relaxation coefficients of the power balance constraint are... This represents the power imbalance value. This is the relaxation term of the power balance constraint. The coefficients for the capacity constraint relaxation terms of each station are given. This refers to the portion of power exceeding capacity constraints at each power station. For each station's capacity constraint relaxation term, Adjustment cost coefficients for each station, The economic problems caused by the regulation of various stations Adjustments will be made to accommodate the costs incurred by each station. S47. Use an optimization solver to solve the parameter pre-tuning optimization model to obtain the optimal frequency support parameters and the optimal voltage support parameters; S48. Write the optimal frequency support parameters and optimal voltage support parameters into the online controller as pre-tuning parameters after disturbance.

[0017] S5. Event Recognition and Triggering: Real-time identification of fault events; triggering rapid PQ regulation when preset trigger conditions are met; and recording the baseline active power output and baseline reactive power output after S2 and S3 execution. Figure 3 As shown; specifically including the following steps: S51. Real-time determination of whether the current time is within the fault duration range; S52. When the current time is within the fault duration range and fast PQ adjustment has not yet been triggered, extract the fast control scenario corresponding to the current fault from the fault scenario library. S53. Determine the trigger delay based on the control category to which the current fault belongs. Short-circuit faults are triggered immediately, while DC blocking faults are triggered with a delay. S54. When the triggering condition is met at the current moment, set the fast PQ regulation trigger flag to true, and record the baseline active power output and baseline reactive power output after one frequency regulation and one voltage regulation execution at the moment of triggering, as the reference operating point for subsequent fast PQ regulation superposition execution.

[0018] S6. Fast PQ Regulation Execution: After S5 is triggered, the additional active power control quantity and additional reactive power control quantity of each control resource are calculated and superimposed onto the primary frequency regulation output and primary voltage regulation output, respectively, thereby enhancing the frequency support and voltage support of the new energy base under strong disturbances. Specifically, this includes the following steps: S61. Based on the linearized base point voltage vector, active power sensitivity matrix, and reactive power sensitivity matrix corresponding to the fault scenario, establish a predicted voltage model after fast PQ regulation, expressed as: ; in, This represents the linearized base point voltage vector under the current fault scenario. and These are the additional active power injection vector and the additional reactive power injection vector mapped to each bus, respectively. This is the active power-voltage sensitivity matrix, used to characterize the impact of changes in active power injection at each node on the system node voltage; This is the reactive power-voltage sensitivity matrix, used to characterize the impact of changes in reactive power injection at each node on the system node voltage; S62. Based on the current system frequency, the current system net imbalance, the system inertial time constant, and the frequency prediction window, establish the predicted frequency model after fast PQ adjustment, with the following expression: ; in, The system frequency at the current moment. Let be the system's inertial time constant. This represents the current net imbalance of the system. For frequency prediction time window; S63. Construct additional active power control vector and additional reactive power control vector as decision variables, expressed as follows: ; ; In the formula, The additional active power control quantity obtained by optimizing the fast PQ regulation module represents the additional active power regulation quantity provided by various control resources after a fault is triggered. This refers to the active power regulation of the synchronous machine; This refers to the active power regulation of a photovoltaic power station. Active power regulation of wind turbine units; This refers to the active power regulation of the energy storage system. The additional reactive power control quantity obtained by the fast PQ regulation module represents the additional reactive power regulation quantity provided by various control resources after a fault is triggered. This refers to the reactive power regulation of the synchronous machine; This refers to the reactive power regulation of a photovoltaic power station. This refers to the reactive power regulation of the wind turbine generator; This refers to the reactive power regulation of the energy storage system. S64. Construct the constraints for the fast PQ regulation optimization model; the constraints should include at least the upper and lower limits of additional active power control, the upper and lower limits of additional reactive power control, the predicted voltage safety constraint, the predicted frequency safety constraint, and the power balance constraint; the specific expressions are as follows: ; ; ; ; ; ; In the formula, This is the lower limit vector for the additional active power control quantity; This is an upper limit vector for additional active power control quantities; To add a lower limit vector for reactive power control; To add an upper limit vector for reactive power control; The predicted node voltage amplitude after rapid PQ regulation; This is the lower limit of the allowable node voltage. This refers to the upper limit of the allowable node voltage. The predicted frequency value after rapid PQ adjustment; This is the lower limit of the system frequency allowable. This represents the upper limit of the system frequency. This represents the current active power disturbance or net active power imbalance of the system. This is the sum of all additional active control quantities involved in rapid resource adjustment; This refers to the equivalent reactive power disturbance or reactive power support requirement under the current fault scenario. This is the sum of all additional reactive power control quantities involved in rapid resource adjustment; , , , , , These are, respectively, the lower voltage limit, the upper voltage limit, the lower frequency limit, the upper frequency limit, the active power residual slack variable, and the reactive power residual slack variable; S65. Construct the objective function of the fast PQ regulation optimization model; the objective function consists of active power residual penalty term, undervoltage penalty term, overvoltage penalty term, frequency deviation penalty term, frequency out-of-bounds penalty term, additional active power action cost term, and additional reactive power action cost term; the expression of the objective function is: ; In the formula, These are the weighting coefficients for the active power balance constraint relaxation term. The unbalance quantity is the active power balance constraint. This represents the relaxation amount of the active power balance constraint; and These are the weighting coefficients for the low voltage limit exceedance item and the high voltage limit exceedance item, respectively. and These represent the node voltage deviations when the node voltage is below the lower limit and the node voltage deviations when it is above the upper limit, respectively. and These are relaxation variables introduced when the node voltage is below the lower limit and above the upper limit, respectively. The weighting coefficient for the frequency deviation term; The predicted frequency deviation; This is the frequency deviation penalty term predicted after rapid active power regulation. The weighting coefficients for the frequency over-limit (exceeding the safe and stable range) relaxation term; and These represent the deviations after the frequency exceeds the minimum limit and the deviations after the frequency exceeds the maximum limit, respectively. This is a relaxation term for frequencies exceeding the limit (outside the safe and stable range); and These are the active power regulation action cost coefficient vector and the reactive power regulation action cost coefficient vector, respectively. and These are the active power regulation action cost vector and the reactive power regulation action cost vector, respectively. and These are slack variables representing the active power regulation action cost and the reactive power regulation action cost, respectively. S66. Use an optimization solver to solve the fast PQ regulation optimization model to obtain the additional emergency active power control quantity and additional emergency reactive power control quantity of each control resource. S67. When the solution is successful, the additional reactive power control quantity is continuously superimposed on the primary voltage regulation output within the first holding time window, and the additional active power control quantity is continuously superimposed on the primary frequency regulation output within the second holding time window, wherein the second holding time window is longer than the first holding time window; the superimposed outputs of each control resource are sent to the low voltage / high voltage ride-through constraint and capacity constraint coordination loop to obtain the final execution control quantity, the expression of which is: ; ; In the formula, The active power output by each control resource at time t after fast PQ regulation superposition; The baseline active power output formed by the primary frequency modulation module at time t; The reactive power output of each control resource at time t after fast PQ regulation superposition; The baseline reactive power output formed by the primary voltage regulation module at time t; The trigger time for rapid PQ adjustment; The end time of holding the additional active power control quantity; The end time of holding the additional reactive power control quantity.

[0019] After the rapid PQ adjustment results remain effective, the system continues to coordinate low-voltage / high-voltage ride-through constraints and capacity constraints. For photovoltaic and wind turbine units, LVRT / HVRT control is adopted: when the bus voltage is lower than the low-voltage ride-through threshold, capacitive reactive power is injected; when the bus voltage is higher than the high-voltage ride-through threshold, inductive reactive power is injected. During ride-through, the minimum reactive power support requirement is met first, and then the active power output is compressed according to the capacity circle constraint. The operating point is ensured not to exceed the limit through capacity circle projection.

[0020] A frequency and voltage support system combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power control includes: The operation status calculation module is used to calculate the real-time frequency, frequency deviation, system net imbalance, and key bus voltage of the new energy base. The primary frequency regulation module is used to coordinate and regulate the active power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and external supporting power grids based on frequency deviation and system net imbalance. The primary voltage regulation module is used to coordinate and regulate the reactive power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and load side based on the voltage deviation of the key bus. The parameter pre-tuning module is used to construct control parameter pre-tuning optimization problems for typical disturbance scenarios before disturbances occur, optimize and solve the frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters of each control resource, and use the optimization results as the initial control parameters for primary frequency regulation, primary voltage regulation and fast PQ regulation after the disturbance. The event recognition and triggering module is used to identify fault events and trigger rapid PQ adjustment when preset triggering conditions are met. The fast PQ adjustment module is used to solve for the additional active power control quantity and additional reactive power control quantity of each control resource after the event is triggered, and then superimpose them onto the primary frequency regulation and primary voltage regulation output for execution.

[0021] Example like Figure 2 As shown, the new energy base system topology adopted in this embodiment includes a balancing node 1 thermal power cluster, a node 2 wind power cluster, a node 3 photovoltaic cluster 1, a node 4 photovoltaic cluster 2, a collection node 5, a DC transmission channel, and an external supporting AC power grid. The external power grid is connected to the Kubuqi North Converter Station, and the exchange power is 0 under normal conditions. This constitutes a typical "multi-source collection - DC transmission - AC support" new energy base structure.

[0022] In the pre-fault phase, based on Figure 1 The first-stage parameter pre-tuning process shown yields the optimal frequency and voltage support parameters for synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, and energy storage. Taking a unipolar DC blocking disturbance as an example, the parameter optimization effect is as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown. By Figure 4 As can be seen, in terms of frequency response, the highest system frequency before optimization was 50.29Hz, while after optimization, the highest system frequency decreased to 50.28Hz. Using the system's rated frequency of 50Hz as the benchmark for frequency deviation calculation, the peak frequency deviation decreased by 3.44%. Simultaneously, the oscillation amplitude of the curve after the peak was weakened after optimization. Figure 5 As can be seen, in terms of voltage response, the maximum voltage deviation of the critical node before optimization was 0.060 pu, while after optimization, the maximum voltage deviation of the critical node decreased to 0.049 pu, a reduction of 18.33%. This indicates that parameter pre-tuning can effectively reduce frequency deviation. Therefore, the first-stage parameter optimization can improve the adaptability of control parameters to typical disturbance scenarios without changing the system topology and control structure, laying a better foundation for subsequent online control.

[0023] During online system operation, when the system encounters a pre-set fault event such as a short circuit or DC blockage, according to... Figure 1 The two-stage timing logic-triggered fast PQ adjustment module shown is illustrated using a single-phase ground fault as an example. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The control effect of fast PQ adjustment is presented. Figure 6 The frequency response comparison curves show that "single parameter optimization" indicates control using only the first-stage parameter optimization results, while "parameter optimization + fast PQ control two-stage control" indicates further introduction of a second-stage fast PQ adjustment based on parameter optimization. Figure 6 As can be seen, the lowest system frequency under the single-parameter optimization method is 49.770Hz, while the lowest system frequency is increased to 49.775Hz after adopting the two-stage control method, which is a 2.17% increase in the lowest frequency; at the same time, the frequency recovery after a fault is faster under the two-stage control method. Figure 7 The voltage response comparison curves show that, under the single-parameter optimization method, the highest voltage point is 1.086 pu and the lowest voltage point is 0.796 pu. After adopting the two-stage control method, the highest voltage point decreases to 1.085 pu, and the lowest voltage point increases to 0.798 pu. This indicates that the second-stage rapid control can effectively raise the voltage trough during the fault period, reduce the voltage overshoot after fault clearance, and allow the voltage to return to the stable range more quickly.

[0024] The above results show that the present invention can achieve coordinated control of frequency support and voltage support in new energy bases under strong disturbance conditions, which not only improves the system's frequency recovery capability and voltage recovery capability, but also enhances the multi-resource coordination and control capability among synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage and external support grids, and has good engineering application value.

[0025] Therefore, this invention adopts the aforementioned frequency and voltage regulation combined with rapid active and reactive power control, employing a two-stage collaborative control architecture. The first stage is offline parameter pre-tuning: before a disturbance occurs, a new energy base network and control resource model is established, constructing a parameter pre-tuning optimization model that includes typical scenarios such as active / reactive load disturbances, short circuits, and DC blocking. Using the frequency and voltage support coefficients of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, and energy storage as decision variables, and voltage deviation, frequency exceeding limits, capacity constraints, and regulation costs as objective functions, the optimal control parameters are obtained through optimization and written into the online controller as initial parameters. The second stage is online rapid PQ regulation: after a disturbance occurs, fault events are identified in real time and rapid PQ regulation is triggered. An optimization model is constructed with additional active / reactive power control quantities as decision variables, constraints including upper and lower limits of control quantities, predicted voltage and frequency safety, and power balance. The objective function includes penalties such as active power residual, voltage exceeding limits, frequency deviation, and action costs. The additional active and reactive power control quantities obtained from the solution are superimposed on the primary frequency regulation and primary voltage regulation outputs within the holding time window, and are executed after being corrected by capacity circle constraints and high / low voltage ride-through logic to achieve coordinated and rapid support of frequency and voltage.

[0026] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Operation Status Calculation: Obtain real-time operation status information of the new energy base, and calculate the system frequency, frequency deviation, system net imbalance, and key bus voltage at the current moment. S2, Primary Frequency Regulation Coordination Control: Based on the frequency deviation and system net imbalance obtained from S1, the active power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and external support grids is coordinated and regulated to form a basic active power support quantity; S3, Primary Voltage Regulation Coordination Control: Based on the key bus voltage deviation obtained from S1, the reactive power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage and load side is coordinated and adjusted to form a basic reactive power support quantity; S4. Control parameter pre-tuning: Before the disturbance occurs, a control parameter pre-tuning optimization problem is constructed for typical disturbance scenarios. The frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters of each control resource in S2 and S3 are optimized and solved. The optimization results are used as the initial control parameters for primary frequency regulation, primary voltage regulation and fast PQ regulation after the disturbance. S5. Event Identification and Triggering: Real-time identification of fault events, triggering rapid PQ adjustment when preset triggering conditions are met, and recording the baseline active power output and baseline reactive power output after S2 and S3 are executed; S6. Fast PQ regulation execution: After S5 is triggered, the additional active power control quantity and additional reactive power control quantity of each control resource are solved and superimposed on the primary frequency regulation output and the primary voltage regulation output respectively, thereby realizing the enhancement of frequency support and voltage support of the new energy base under strong disturbance.

2. The frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11. Obtain the current system frequency. and system frequency deviation The relationship between the two can be expressed as: ； In the formula, n is the current discrete simulation time; This is the current system frequency of the new energy base. The system's rated frequency, The system frequency deviation at the current moment is used to characterize the degree of deviation of the system frequency from the rated frequency. S12. Obtain the active power of the balancing node, and calculate the original electrical disturbance based on its deviation from the reference balancing power before the fault. The expression is: ； In the formula, For electrical disturbances; The active power of the equilibrium node is calculated at the current moment. The active power of the reference equilibrium node under the steady-state operating point before the fault; S13. Apply second-order dynamic smoothing to the original electrical disturbance to obtain the net system imbalance. The expression is as follows: ； ； In the formula, It serves as the state variable of the second-order dynamic smoothing element and also as the output of the smoothed active disturbance. State variables The first derivative is used to characterize the rate of change of the active disturbance. State variables The second derivative is used to characterize the rate of change of the rate of change of the active disturbance. The damping ratio of the active disturbance smoothing element is used to adjust the oscillation degree and response stability of the smoothing process. It is the natural angular frequency of the active disturbance smoothing element, used to adjust the response speed of the smoothing element; This is the net imbalance of the system obtained after second-order dynamic smoothing.

3. The frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21. Based on the system net imbalance and system frequency state, the system frequency state is updated using the oscillation equation to obtain the system frequency and frequency deviation at the next moment, expressed as: ； In the formula, Here, is the rate of change of the system frequency; H is the system's equivalent inertial time constant. is the net system imbalance obtained after second-order dynamic smoothing at the nth sampling time; D is the system damping coefficient. S22. Apply frequency dead-time processing to the synchronizing machine and the new energy resources respectively to obtain the effective frequency difference of the synchronizing machine and the effective frequency difference of the new energy resources, expressed as follows: ； In the formula, The effective frequency deviation after dead-time processing at the nth sampling moment; The original frequency deviation at the nth sampling time; The dead time threshold for the primary frequency modulation of the synchronous machine; This is the sign function, used to preserve the positive and negative directions of the frequency deviation; This is the absolute value of the frequency deviation; S23. Generate the primary frequency regulation reference value of the synchronizer based on the effective frequency difference of the synchronizer, and obtain the actual active power regulation value of the synchronizer through the first-order inertial element, gain element, and power limiting element, as shown in the following expression: ； In the formula, This represents the actual active power regulation of the synchronizer at the (n+1)th sampling time. This represents the actual active power regulation of the synchronizer at the nth sampling time. The active power regulation of the synchronous machine for primary frequency modulation is given at the nth sampling time. This is the primary frequency modulation reference active power adjustment of the synchronizing machine at the previous sampling time. This is for simulating step size; The active power regulation response time constant of the synchronous machine; This is the feedforward correction coefficient for the change in the reference value of the active power regulation of the synchronous machine; The primary frequency regulation reference quantities for photovoltaic, wind power, and energy storage are generated based on the effective frequency difference of new energy sources and its rate of change, respectively. The corresponding actual active power regulation quantities are obtained through their respective first-order inertial elements, gain elements, and power limiting elements, as expressed below: ； In the formula, i is the number of the new energy resource participating in frequency modulation; This represents the actual active power regulation of the i-th type of new energy resource at the (n+1)-th sampling time. This represents the actual active power regulation of the i-th type of new energy resource at the nth sampling time. For the primary frequency regulation reference active power adjustment of the i-th type of new energy resource at the nth sampling time; S24. Connect the external support grid to the new energy base in the form of a voltage source series impedance, generating the active power regulation of the external support grid, expressed as: ； In the formula, and These represent the active power regulation outputs of the external support power grid at the nth and (n+1)th discrete moments, respectively. This is the active power regulation reference quantity of the external support power grid at the nth discrete time. dt is the active power regulation response time constant of the external support grid, used to characterize the dynamic response speed of the external grid's active power support; dt is the simulation calculation step size; the subscript mx represents the external support grid, the subscript res represents the response quantity, and the subscript ref represents the reference quantity; S25. Update the output power of each resource according to the active power regulation; combine the reactive power output of the external support grid at the previous moment, and perform a capacity loop correction based on apparent capacity constraints on its active power output, the expression of which is: ； In the formula, This represents the maximum active power output limit allowed for the i-th control resource under the current reactive power output conditions. Let be the rated apparent capacity of the i-th control resource; Let be the reactive power output of the i-th control resource at time t; t is a continuous time variable.

4. The frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31. Generate a reactive power regulation reference quantity based on the voltage deviation of the critical bus at each node. The expression is as follows: ； in, This refers to the reactive power command output by the voltage regulator controller. This is the voltage support coefficient. For the voltage deviation of the associated node of the i-th type of resource, The reactive response time constant; S32. The reactive power regulation of each voltage regulation resource is obtained through proportional and first-order inertial elements respectively, and the expression is: ； In the formula, This represents the actual reactive power regulation output of the i-th type of resource at the (n+1)-th sampling time. This represents the actual reactive power regulation output of the i-th type of resource at the nth sampling time. The reference value for reactive power regulation of the i-th type of resource at the nth sampling time; The voltage setpoint of the external support grid is corrected based on the voltage deviation at the load aggregation nodes to provide auxiliary support for the system voltage. The expression is as follows: ； In the formula, The actual voltage setting value of the equivalent PV node of the external support power grid at the nth sampling time; The rate of change of the external support grid voltage setpoint; This refers to the external support grid voltage command value generated based on the voltage deviation at the load aggregation node. The first-order response time constant for adjusting the voltage setpoint of the external support grid; mx represents the external support grid; During the support process, if the voltage is below 0.90 pu or above 1.1 pu, the high / low voltage ride-through logic blocks the primary voltage regulation logic. The reactive power output of the new energy power station follows the high / low voltage ride-through logic, expressed as follows: ； ； In the formula, For the additional reactive power support of the i-th type of new energy resources under voltage ride-through conditions; Let be the low-voltage ride-through reactive power support factor for resource type i; The high-voltage ride-through reactive power support factor; The voltage amplitude at the grid connection point or associated bus of the i-th type of resource; The rated capacity or maximum apparent capacity of this resource that can be used for reactive power support. For photovoltaic power stations, For wind farms, For energy storage resources.

5. The frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that: S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41. Establish a network model and control resource model for the new energy base; initialize the baseline values ​​and solution boundaries of frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters based on the rated capacity, initial operating point, and control upper and lower limits of each resource. S42. Perform initial power flow calculations before the fault to obtain the steady-state operating point and reference balanced power before the fault. S43. Construct a set of typical disturbance scenarios, which shall include at least active load disturbance, reactive load disturbance, mixed load disturbance, single-phase ground fault and DC blocking disturbance. S44. Establish a parameter pre-tuning optimization model with frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters as decision variables. The frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters for synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, and energy storage are used as decision variables, and the expression is: ； ； In the formula, For frequency support parameter vectors, For voltage support parameter vectors; , , , These are the frequency support coefficients for synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, and energy storage, respectively. , , , These are the voltage support coefficients for synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, and energy storage, respectively. S45. Construct the frequency constraint, voltage constraint, capacity constraint, crossover constraint, and action cost constraint of the optimization model; S46. Construct an objective function that includes voltage deviation term, frequency deviation term, constraint penalty term, and parameter regularization term; ； In the formula, This is the voltage deviation penalty term coefficient. The sum of voltage deviations at each node, This is a voltage deviation penalty term. The coefficient for the frequency exceeding the limit penalty term. This represents the deviation of the frequency from the reference value. This is a penalty for exceeding the frequency limit. This is the penalty term coefficient for voltage deviations exceeding 0.

02. This represents the sum of deviations after the voltage at each node exceeds 0.02 deviations. This is a penalty for voltage deviation exceeding 0.

02. The penalty term coefficient for triggering high-voltage and low-voltage breakdown events. The remaining voltage deviation is to trigger a high / low voltage breakdown event. The penalty for triggering a high-voltage undervoltage event. This is the penalty coefficient for frequencies exceeding 0.2Hz. This represents the remaining frequency deviation after the frequency exceeds 0.2Hz. A penalty is applied for frequencies exceeding 0.2Hz. The relaxation coefficients of the power balance constraint are... This represents the power imbalance value. This is the relaxation term of the power balance constraint. For each station, the capacity constraint relaxation term coefficient is... This refers to the portion of power exceeding capacity constraints at each power station. For each station's capacity constraint relaxation term, Adjustment cost coefficients for each station, The economic problems caused by the regulation of various stations Adjustments will be made to accommodate the costs incurred by each station. S47. Use an optimization solver to solve the parameter pre-tuning optimization model to obtain the optimal frequency support parameters and the optimal voltage support parameters; S48. Write the optimal frequency support parameters and optimal voltage support parameters into the online controller as pre-tuning parameters after disturbance.

6. The frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation according to claim 5, characterized in that, S5 specifically includes the following steps: S51. Real-time determination of whether the current time is within the fault duration range; S52. When the current time is within the fault duration range and fast PQ adjustment has not yet been triggered, extract the fast control scenario corresponding to the current fault from the fault scenario library. S53. Determine the trigger delay based on the control category to which the current fault belongs. Short-circuit faults are triggered immediately, while DC blocking faults are triggered with a delay. S54. When the triggering condition is met at the current moment, set the fast PQ regulation trigger flag to true, and record the baseline active power output and baseline reactive power output after one frequency regulation and one voltage regulation execution at the moment of triggering, as the reference operating point for subsequent fast PQ regulation superposition execution.

7. The frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: S6 specifically includes the following steps: S61. Based on the linearized base point voltage vector, active power sensitivity matrix, and reactive power sensitivity matrix corresponding to the fault scenario, establish a predicted voltage model after fast PQ regulation, expressed as: ； in, This represents the linearized base point voltage vector under the current fault scenario. and These are the additional active power injection vector and the additional reactive power injection vector mapped to each bus, respectively. This is the active power-voltage sensitivity matrix, used to characterize the impact of changes in active power injection at each node on the system node voltage; This is the reactive power-voltage sensitivity matrix, used to characterize the impact of changes in reactive power injection at each node on the system node voltage; S62. Based on the current system frequency, the current system net imbalance, the system inertial time constant, and the frequency prediction window, establish the predicted frequency model after fast PQ adjustment, with the following expression: ； in, The system frequency at the current moment. Let be the system's inertial time constant. This represents the current net imbalance of the system. For frequency prediction time window; S63. Construct additional active power control vector and additional reactive power control vector as decision variables, expressed as follows: ； ； In the formula, Additional active power control quantity obtained by optimizing the fast PQ adjustment module; This refers to the active power regulation of the synchronous machine; This refers to the active power regulation of a photovoltaic power station. Active power regulation of wind turbine units; This refers to the active power regulation of the energy storage system. Additional reactive power control quantity obtained by optimizing the fast PQ adjustment module; This refers to the reactive power regulation of the synchronous machine; This refers to the reactive power regulation of a photovoltaic power station. This refers to the reactive power regulation of the wind turbine generator; This refers to the reactive power regulation of the energy storage system. S64. Constraints for constructing a fast PQ regulation optimization model; the constraints shall include at least the upper and lower limits of additional active power control quantity constraints, the upper and lower limits of additional reactive power control quantity constraints, the predicted voltage safety constraint, the predicted frequency safety constraint, and the power balance constraint. S65. Construct the objective function of the fast PQ regulation optimization model; the objective function consists of active power residual penalty term, undervoltage penalty term, overvoltage penalty term, frequency deviation penalty term, frequency over-limit penalty term, additional active power action cost term, and additional reactive power action cost term; S66. Use an optimization solver to solve the fast PQ regulation optimization model to obtain the additional emergency active power control quantity and additional emergency reactive power control quantity of each control resource. S67. The additional reactive power control quantity is continuously superimposed onto the primary voltage regulation output within the first holding time window, and the additional active power control quantity is continuously superimposed onto the primary frequency regulation output within the second holding time window, wherein the second holding time window is longer than the first holding time window; the superimposed outputs of each control resource are sent to the low-voltage / high-voltage ride-through constraint and capacity constraint coordination loop to obtain the final execution control quantity, the expression of which is: ； ； In the formula, The active power output by each control resource at time t after fast PQ regulation superposition; The baseline active power output formed by the primary frequency modulation module at time t; The reactive power output of each control resource at time t after fast PQ regulation superposition; The baseline reactive power output formed by the primary voltage regulation module at time t; The trigger time for rapid PQ adjustment; The end time of holding the additional active power control quantity; The end time of holding the additional reactive power control quantity.

8. The frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The constraint expressions for the fast PQ tuning optimization model constructed in S64 are as follows: ； ； ； ； ； ； In the formula, Additional active power control quantity obtained by optimizing the fast PQ adjustment module; This is the lower limit vector for the additional active power control quantity; This is an upper limit vector for additional active power control quantities; Additional reactive power control quantity obtained by optimizing the fast PQ adjustment module; To add a lower limit vector for reactive power control; To add an upper limit vector for reactive power control; The predicted node voltage amplitude after rapid PQ regulation; This is the lower limit of the allowable node voltage. This refers to the upper limit of the allowable node voltage. The predicted frequency value after rapid PQ adjustment; This is the lower limit of the system frequency allowable. This represents the upper limit of the system frequency. This represents the current active power disturbance or net active power imbalance of the system. This is the sum of all additional active control quantities involved in rapid resource adjustment; This refers to the equivalent reactive power disturbance or reactive power support requirement under the current fault scenario. This is the sum of all additional reactive power control quantities involved in rapid resource adjustment; , , , , , These are, respectively, the lower voltage limit, the upper voltage limit, the lower frequency limit, the upper frequency limit, the active power residual slack variable, and the reactive power residual slack variable.

9. The frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power regulation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The objective function of the fast PQ tuning optimization model constructed in S65 is expressed as follows: ； In the formula, These are the weighting coefficients for the active power balance constraint relaxation term. The unbalance quantity is the active power balance constraint. This represents the relaxation amount of the active power balance constraint; and These are the weighting coefficients for the low voltage limit exceedance item and the high voltage limit exceedance item, respectively. and These represent the node voltage deviations when the node voltage is below the lower limit and the node voltage deviations when it is above the upper limit, respectively. and These are relaxation variables introduced when the node voltage is below the lower limit and above the upper limit, respectively. The weighting coefficient for the frequency deviation term; The predicted frequency deviation; This is the frequency deviation penalty term predicted after rapid active power regulation. These are the weighting coefficients for the frequency-limited relaxation term; and These represent the deviations after the frequency exceeds the minimum limit and the deviations after the frequency exceeds the maximum limit, respectively. This is a frequency-limited relaxation term; and These are the active power regulation action cost coefficient vector and the reactive power regulation action cost coefficient vector, respectively. and These are the active power regulation action cost vector and the reactive power regulation action cost vector, respectively. and These are slack variables representing the costs of active power regulation and reactive power regulation, respectively.

10. A frequency-voltage support system combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power, applied to the frequency-voltage support method combining primary frequency and voltage regulation with rapid active and reactive power as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The operation status calculation module is used to calculate the real-time frequency, frequency deviation, system net imbalance, and key bus voltage of the new energy base. The primary frequency regulation module is used to coordinate and regulate the active power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and external supporting power grids based on frequency deviation and system net imbalance. The primary voltage regulation module is used to coordinate and regulate the reactive power output of synchronous machines, photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and load side based on the voltage deviation of the key bus. The parameter pre-tuning module is used to construct control parameter pre-tuning optimization problems for typical disturbance scenarios before disturbances occur, optimize and solve the frequency support parameters and voltage support parameters of each control resource, and use the optimization results as the initial control parameters for primary frequency regulation, primary voltage regulation and fast PQ regulation after the disturbance. The event recognition and triggering module is used to identify fault events and trigger rapid PQ adjustment when preset triggering conditions are met. The fast PQ adjustment module is used to solve for the additional active power control quantity and additional reactive power control quantity of each control resource after the event is triggered, and then superimpose them onto the primary frequency regulation and primary voltage regulation output for execution.

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