An internet of things device front-end power supply protection control circuit

Abstract

This invention discloses a front-end power protection and control circuit for IoT devices, relating to the field of IoT power technology. It includes a power regulation module that controls the shutdown of a power transistor via pulse signals provided by a microcontroller module. Using a shared magnetic core, it converts incoming DC power or energy released from an energy storage module into magnetic and electric field energy. Through magnetic flux coupling and capacitor voltage inversion, it distributes the incoming power in parallel to two output paths. The power from the two output paths is then combined and rectified, and the processed power or energy released from the energy storage module is transmitted to the IoT module. Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: the front-end power protection and control circuit for IoT devices achieves flexible buck-boost switching, effectively improves power conversion efficiency and output voltage stability, effectively cancels input current ripple, reduces stress on power devices, provides precise power supply to abnormal branches, and ensures the operation of IoT front-end devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of IoT power supply technology, specifically a front-end power protection and control circuit for IoT devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of IoT technology, communication power supply systems play a crucial role. IoT front-end devices are rapidly evolving towards miniaturization, low power consumption, and high reliability. These devices are typically deployed outdoors or in complex industrial environments, facing multiple power threats such as voltage fluctuations, lightning surges, reverse polarity, and power outages. Existing power protection schemes for IoT devices often employ discrete components, such as MOSFETs, diodes, inductors, capacitors, and controllers. This results in a large number of components, complex wiring parasitic parameters, poor consistency, and long design cycles. Furthermore, there is a lack of effective input current ripple suppression methods. Current ripple during power conversion affects system stability and device lifespan. In addition, when the main power supply fails, it is difficult to achieve differentiated emergency power supply for multiple output branches, and it is impossible to flexibly distribute power according to the importance of each branch's load. Moreover, in outdoor working environments, it is unable to effectively cope with voltage fluctuations and efficiently utilize power resources, leaving IoT front-end devices at risk of power outages. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a front-end power protection control circuit for Internet of Things (IoT) devices to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a front-end power protection control circuit for an Internet of Things (IoT) device is provided, comprising: The power regulation module, connected to the microcontroller module, energy storage module, and IoT module, is used to control the power transistor to shut down via pulse signals provided by the microcontroller module. It uses a shared magnetic core to convert the incoming DC power or the power released by the energy storage module into magnetic field energy and electric field energy. Through magnetic flux coupling and capacitor voltage flipping, it distributes the incoming power to two output paths in parallel. It combines and rectifies the power from the two output paths and transmits the processed power or the power released by the energy storage module to the IoT module. The conditioning module, connected to the power regulation module, is used to perform current compensation processing on the input current of the power regulation module based on the flux change rate of the power regulation module. The Internet of Things (IoT) module is used for multi-channel power distribution, to regulate and standardize the distributed power or the power transmitted by the power regulation module, and to provide the required operating power for connected IoT front-end devices. The voltage detection module, connected to the microcontroller module, power regulation module, and IoT module, is used to sample the voltage of DC power, the power output processed by the power regulation module, and the voltage of each output branch allocated by the IoT module, and transmit the sampled signal to the microcontroller module. The energy storage module, connected to the microcontroller module, is used to store the electrical energy processed and output by the power regulation module, release the stored electrical energy and transmit the electrical energy to the power regulation module, perform power detection and transmit the detected signal to the microcontroller module; The microcontroller module receives signals from the voltage detection module and provides pulse signals. It adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse signals according to the magnitude of the power regulation module's processed output energy and the set output voltage. It controls the power regulation module's boost or buck state, controls the energy storage module to perform energy storage, controls the power regulation module to transmit the processed energy to the output branch assigned to the IoT module that has experienced a power outage or abnormality, and stops the energy storage operation of the energy storage module. When the power regulation module has no DC power input, it controls the energy released by the energy storage module to transmit the energy to the output branch assigned to the IoT module that has experienced a power outage or abnormality.

[0005] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the power regulation module includes a power interface, a first diode, a first capacitor, a first inductor, a first coupling inductor, a third capacitor, a third power transistor, a second coupling inductor, a third coupling inductor, a second power transistor, a fourth power transistor, and a fourth capacitor; the microcontroller module includes a main controller; Preferably, the first end of the power interface is connected to the anode of the first diode, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the first end of the first capacitor and connected to the same-name end of the first coupling inductor through the first inductor, the opposite-name end of the first coupling inductor is connected to the drain of the fourth power transistor and the first end of the third capacitor, the second end of the third capacitor is connected to the opposite-name end of the third coupling inductor and the source of the third power transistor, the drain of the third power transistor is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor, the second end of the first capacitor, the opposite-name end of the second coupling inductor and the second end of the power interface, the same-name end of the third coupling inductor is connected to the source of the second power transistor and the other end of the fourth capacitor, the drain of the second power transistor is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor and the same-name end of the second coupling inductor, the gate of the fourth power transistor is connected to the IO2 end of the main controller, and the gate of the second power transistor is connected to the gate of the third power transistor and the IO1 end of the main controller.

[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the power regulation module further includes a second diode, a fifth power transistor, and a sixth power transistor; Preferably, the anode of the second diode is connected to the drain of the third power transistor, the cathode of the second diode is connected to the drain of the fifth power transistor and the drain of the sixth power transistor, and the gate of the fifth power transistor and the gate of the sixth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO3 and IO4 terminals of the main controller.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the Internet of Things (IoT) module includes an IoT multi-channel power supply, a first voltage regulator, and a second voltage regulator; Preferably, the first output terminal of the IoT multi-channel power supply is connected to the input terminal of the first voltage regulator and the source of the sixth power transistor, the second output terminal of the IoT multi-channel power supply is connected to the input terminal of the second voltage regulator and the source of the fifth power transistor, and the grounding terminals of the first and second voltage regulators are both grounded.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the conditioning module includes a second capacitor, a first power transistor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a second resistor, and a first operational amplifier; the power adjustment module also includes a fourth coupling inductor; Preferably, the drain of the first power transistor is connected to the same-name terminal of the first coupling inductor through the second capacitor, the non-inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the source of the first power transistor, the opposite-name terminal of the fourth coupling inductor and the ground terminal through the first resistor, the same-name terminal of the fourth coupling inductor is connected to the inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier and one end of the second resistor through the third resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier and the gate of the first power transistor.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the energy storage module includes a seventh power transistor, a third diode, a ninth power transistor, a tenth power transistor, a fourth resistor, an energy storage device, a fifth resistor, and an eighth power transistor. Preferably, the drain of the seventh power transistor is connected to the cathode of the second diode, the source of the seventh power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the energy storage device and the drain of the ninth power transistor, and is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and the IO7 terminal of the main controller through the fourth resistor. The other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage device, the drain of the eighth power transistor and the drain of the tenth power transistor. The source of the tenth power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the first capacitor. The source of the eighth power transistor is grounded. The source of the ninth power transistor is connected to the anode of the third diode. The cathode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the first diode.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the voltage detection module further includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a first detector, a second detector, and a third detector; Preferably, one end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the power interface, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the IO8 terminal of the main controller and connected to the second end of the power interface through the seventh resistor. The input terminals of the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are respectively connected to the cathode of the second diode, the input terminal of the first voltage regulator, and the input terminal of the second voltage regulator. The ground terminals of the second detector, the first detector, and the third detector are all grounded. The output terminals of the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are respectively connected to the IO9, IO10, and IO11 terminals of the main controller.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The power protection control circuit of the front-end of the IoT device of the present invention uses the power regulation module to realize power distribution and rectification by the voltage switching of coupled inductor and capacitor. Combined with the pulse width modulation of the microcontroller module, it realizes flexible switching of step-up and step-down voltage, which effectively improves the power conversion efficiency and output voltage stability. The conditioning module generates a compensation signal with the same waveform and opposite phase as the input current ripple waveform according to the flux change rate, which effectively cancels the input current ripple and reduces the stress on the power devices. When the IoT module loses power or a certain output branch is abnormal, it can automatically switch to the power regulation module or the energy storage module for power supply and accurately supply power to the abnormal branch, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the IoT front-end device. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of a front-end power protection control circuit for an Internet of Things (IoT) device, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a front-end power protection control circuit for an Internet of Things (IoT) device, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of an energy storage module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 The circuit diagram of the voltage detection module provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 A front-end power protection control circuit for an Internet of Things (IoT) device, comprising: The power regulation module 1 is connected to the microcontroller module 6, the energy storage module 5, and the Internet of Things module 3. It is used to control the power transistor to shut down through the pulse signal provided by the microcontroller module 6. It uses a common magnetic core to convert the DC power or the power released by the energy storage module 5 into magnetic field energy and electric field energy. It distributes the DC power to two output paths in parallel through magnetic flux coupling and capacitor voltage flipping. It combines and rectifies the power of the two output paths and transmits the processed power or the power released by the energy storage module 5 to the Internet of Things module 3. Conditioning module 2, connected to power regulation module 1, is used to perform current compensation processing on the input current of power regulation module 1 according to the flux change rate of power regulation module 1. The Internet of Things (IoT) module 3 is used for multi-channel power distribution, to regulate and standardize the distributed power or the power transmitted by the power regulation module 1, and to provide the required operating power for the connected IoT front-end devices. The voltage detection module 4 is connected to the microcontroller module 6, the power regulation module 1 and the Internet of Things module 3. It is used to sample the voltage of DC power, the power output processed by the power regulation module 1 and the voltage of each output branch allocated by the Internet of Things module 3 and transmit the sampled signal to the microcontroller module 6. The energy storage module 5 is connected to the microcontroller module 6. It is used to store the electrical energy processed and output by the power regulation module 1, release the stored electrical energy and transmit the electrical energy to the power regulation module 1, perform power detection and transmit the detected signal to the microcontroller module 6. The microcontroller module 6 is used to receive signals transmitted by the voltage detection module 4, provide pulse signals, and adjust the duty cycle of the pulse signals according to the magnitude of the electrical energy processed and output by the power regulation module 1 and the set output voltage. It controls the boost or buck state of the power regulation module 1, controls the energy storage module 5 to perform energy storage, controls the power regulation module 1 to transmit the processed electrical energy to the output branch allocated by the IoT module 3 that has experienced a power outage or abnormality, and stops the energy storage operation of the energy storage module 5. When there is no DC power input to the power regulation module 1, it controls the energy released by the energy storage module 5 to be transmitted to the output branch allocated by the IoT module 3 that has experienced a power outage or abnormality.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the power regulation module 1 can be a power regulation circuit composed of a coupled inductor, a common inductor, a field-effect transistor, and a capacitor. Based on the pulse signal provided by the microcontroller module 6, it controls the conduction state of the power transistor, i.e., controls the conduction state of the field-effect transistor. Then, using the common magnetic core of the coupled inductor, it converts the incoming DC power or the power released by the energy storage module 5 into magnetic field energy and electric field energy. Through magnetic flux coupling and capacitor voltage reversal, the incoming power is distributed in parallel to two output paths. The power from the two output paths is then combined, rectified, and transferred. The conditioning module 2 can be a conditioning circuit composed of a capacitor, a field-effect transistor, and an operational amplifier. Based on the flux change rate of the coupled inductor (which serves as the input side) in the power regulation module 1, it performs current compensation processing on the input current of the power regulation module 1. The supplementary signal has the same waveform as the input current ripple but is opposite in phase. The aforementioned Internet of Things... Module 3 can be composed of multiple IoT power supplies and multiple voltage regulators. The multiple IoT power supplies use a multi-channel switching power supply circuit to provide multiple output voltages, which are then regulated by voltage regulators to provide the necessary operating power for IoT front-end devices. The voltage detection module 4 can be a voltage detection circuit composed of resistors and detectors. It can use a resistor voltage divider to sample the input and output voltages of the power regulation module 1 and the voltage of each output branch of the IoT module 3. The energy storage module 5 can be an energy storage circuit composed of field-effect transistors, energy storage devices, resistors, etc. It can perform energy storage, release the stored electrical energy, and transmit the released electrical energy to the input side of the power regulation module 1. The microcontroller module 6 can be a microcontroller circuit composed of a single-chip microcomputer, which integrates many components such as an arithmetic unit, a controller, a memory, and input / output devices to realize functions such as signal processing, data storage, module control, and timing control.

[0020] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The power regulation module 1 includes a power interface, a first diode D1, a first capacitor C1, a first inductor L1, a first coupling inductor T1, a third capacitor C3, a third power transistor Q3, a second coupling inductor T2, a third coupling inductor T3, a second power transistor Q2, a fourth power transistor Q4, and a fourth capacitor C4; the microcontroller module 6 includes a main controller U1; Specifically, the first end of the power interface is connected to the anode of the first diode D1. The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first end of the first capacitor C1 and connected to the same-name terminal of the first coupling inductor T1 through the first inductor L1. The opposite-name terminal of the first coupling inductor T1 is connected to the drain of the fourth power transistor Q4 and the first end of the third capacitor C3. The second end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the opposite-name terminal of the third coupling inductor T3 and the source of the third power transistor Q3. The drain of the third power transistor Q3 is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor C4, the second end of the first capacitor C1, the opposite-name terminal of the second coupling inductor T2, and the second end of the power interface. The same-name terminal of the third coupling inductor T3 is connected to the source of the second power transistor Q2 and the other end of the fourth capacitor C4. The drain of the second power transistor Q2 is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor Q4 and the same-name terminal of the second coupling inductor T2. The gate of the fourth power transistor Q4 is connected to the IO2 terminal of the main controller U1. The gate of the second power transistor Q2 is connected to the gate of the third power transistor Q3 and the IO1 terminal of the main controller U1.

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the first coupling inductor T1, the second coupling inductor T2, and the third coupling inductor T3 share a common magnetic core, and the current of the first coupling inductor T1 does not change abruptly, allowing the second coupling inductor T2 and the third coupling inductor T3 to couple and induce current. The second power transistor Q2, the fourth power transistor Q4, and the fourth power transistor Q4 can all be N-channel field-effect transistors. The third power transistor Q3, together with the first coupling inductor T1, the third capacitor C3, the third coupling inductor T3, the fourth capacitor C4, and the power interface, can form one path. The second power transistor Q2, together with the power interface, the first coupling inductor T1, the second coupling inductor T2, and the fourth capacitor C4, can form another path. The main controller U1 can be an STM32 microcontroller with a MOSFET driver, so as to drive the field-effect transistors through the MOSFET driver. The power interface is connected to DC power, which can be provided by photovoltaic panels, mobile batteries, etc.

[0022] Furthermore, the power regulation module 1 also includes a second diode D2, a fifth power transistor Q5, and a sixth power transistor Q6; Specifically, the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the drain of the third power transistor Q3, the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the drain of the fifth power transistor Q5 and the drain of the sixth power transistor Q6, and the gate of the fifth power transistor Q5 and the gate of the sixth power transistor Q6 are connected to the IO3 and IO4 terminals of the main controller U1, respectively.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, both the fifth power transistor Q5 and the sixth power transistor Q6 can be N-channel MOSFETs for power transmission processing.

[0024] Furthermore, the IoT module 3 includes an IoT multi-channel power supply, a first voltage regulator, and a second voltage regulator; Specifically, the first output terminal of the IoT multi-channel power supply is connected to the input terminal of the first voltage regulator and the source of the sixth power transistor Q6, the second output terminal of the IoT multi-channel power supply is connected to the input terminal of the second voltage regulator and the source of the fifth power transistor Q5, and the ground terminals of the first and second voltage regulators are both grounded.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, the aforementioned IoT multi-channel power supply can be an isolated flyback switching power supply composed of a TOP247Y driver, MOSFET, transformer with multiple windings, feedback circuit, etc., which can provide multi-channel voltage regulation power supply; the output terminals of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator are respectively connected to the IoT front-end device, and the specific model is selected according to the operating voltage of the IoT front-end device to provide the required operating power to the connected IoT front-end device.

[0026] Furthermore, the conditioning module 2 includes a second capacitor C2, a first power transistor Q1, a first resistor R1, a third resistor R3, a second resistor R2, and a first operational amplifier OP1; the power adjustment module 1 also includes a fourth coupling inductor T4; Specifically, the drain of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the same-name terminal of the first coupling inductor T1 through the second capacitor C2. The non-inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier OP1 is connected to the source of the first power transistor Q1, the opposite-name terminal of the fourth coupling inductor T4, and the ground terminal through the first resistor R1. The same-name terminal of the fourth coupling inductor T4 is connected to the inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier OP1 and one end of the second resistor R2 through the third resistor R3. The other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier OP1 and the gate of the first power transistor Q1.

[0027] In a specific embodiment, the first power transistor Q1 may be an N-channel MOSFET, which, together with the second capacitor C2, generates a signal that is the same as but opposite in phase to the input current ripple waveform. This signal is then vector-superimposed with the original fluctuating current of the first coupling inductor T1 to cancel out the AC component. The fourth coupling inductor T4 is an auxiliary winding that shares a magnetic core with the first coupling inductor T1. It can measure the flux change rate of the first coupling inductor T1, i.e., the current change rate. The first operational amplifier OP1 may be an LM358, which, together with the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3, forms an inverting proportional amplifier. This amplifier can amplify and invert the signal detected by the fourth coupling inductor T4, thereby driving the first power transistor Q1 to perform current compensation at the moment the fourth power transistor Q4 is turned off or at the initial stage of the fourth power transistor Q4 being turned on.

[0028] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 The energy storage module 5 includes a seventh power transistor Q7, a third diode D3, a ninth power transistor Q9, a tenth power transistor Q10, a fourth resistor R4, an energy storage device, a fifth resistor R5, and an eighth power transistor Q8. Specifically, the drain of the seventh power transistor Q7 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2. The source of the seventh power transistor Q7 is connected to the first terminal of the energy storage device and the drain of the ninth power transistor Q9. It is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5 and the IO7 terminal of the main controller U1 through the fourth resistor R4. The other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage device, the drain of the eighth power transistor Q8, and the drain of the tenth power transistor Q10. The source of the tenth power transistor Q10 is connected to the second terminal of the first capacitor C1. The source of the eighth power transistor Q8 is grounded. The source of the ninth power transistor Q9 is connected to the anode of the third diode D3. The cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1.

[0029] In a specific embodiment, the seventh power transistor Q7, the eighth power transistor Q8, the ninth power transistor Q9, and the tenth power transistor Q10 can all be N-channel field-effect transistors, wherein the seventh power transistor Q7 and the eighth power transistor Q8 are used for charging control, and the ninth power transistor Q9 and the tenth power transistor Q10 are used for discharging control; the energy storage device can be a lithium battery pack.

[0030] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 The voltage detection module 4 also includes a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a first detector, a second detector, and a third detector; Specifically, one end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the first end of the power interface, and the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the IO8 terminal of the main controller U1 and connected to the second end of the power interface through the seventh resistor R7. The input terminals of the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are respectively connected to the cathode of the second diode D2, the input terminal of the first voltage regulator, and the input terminal of the second voltage regulator. The ground terminals of the second detector, the first detector, and the third detector are all grounded. The output terminals of the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are respectively connected to the IO9, IO10, and IO11 terminals of the main controller U1.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 form a voltage divider sampling circuit, and the circuit structures of the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are all the same as the circuit structures of the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7.

[0032] The working principle of the front-end power protection control circuit for IoT devices according to this invention is as follows: Multiple IoT power supplies are used for multi-channel power distribution. Each output branch is regulated by a voltage regulator. For example, the first and second output terminals of the IoT power supply are regulated by a first voltage regulator and a second voltage regulator, respectively, to provide the required operating power to the connected IoT front-end devices. A second detector and a third detector detect the voltages input to the first and second voltage regulators, respectively, and these are received by the IO10 and IO11 terminals of the main controller U1. DC power is connected through the power interface. The IO2 terminal of the main controller U1 provides a pulse signal and drives the fourth power transistor Q4 to conduct. Initially, the DC power passes through the first diode D1 and the first inductor. L1 is applied to the first coupling inductor T1 and transmitted to the third coupling inductor T3 through the third capacitor C3. The third capacitor C3 stores energy. When the fourth power transistor Q4 is turned on, the second power transistor Q2 and the third power transistor Q3 are turned off. DC energy charges the first coupling inductor T1 and the second coupling inductor T2 and is converted into magnetic energy for storage. The third capacitor C3 and the second coupling inductor T2 supply power to the fourth capacitor C4, and the third coupling inductor T3 stores energy. When the fourth power transistor Q4 is turned off, the IO1 terminal of the main controller U1 controls the second power transistor Q2 and the third power transistor Q3 to turn on. DC energy supplies power to the fourth capacitor C4 through the first coupling inductor T1 and the third capacitor C3, and the third capacitor C3 stores energy. The third coupling inductor T3 also releases its stored energy to the fourth capacitor C4. The stored electrical energy, the electrical energy stored in the second coupling inductor T2, will also be transferred to the fourth capacitor C4. The IO9 terminal of the main controller U1 receives the voltage signal of the electrical energy released by the fourth capacitor C4 transmitted by the second diode D2 detected by the first detector, and adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse signal according to the detected voltage and the set output voltage, switching between buck and boost voltage so that the detected voltage is close to the set output voltage. At the same time, the magnetic flux change rate, i.e., the current change rate, of the first coupling inductor T1 is measured by the fourth coupling inductor T4. The detected signal is amplified and inverted by the inverting amplifier composed of the first operational amplifier OP1, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3, and then drives the first power transistor Q1 at the moment when the fourth power transistor Q4 is turned off or The fourth power transistor Q4 conducts initially, generating a signal with the same waveform as the input current ripple but opposite in phase, in conjunction with the second capacitor C2. This signal is then vector-superimposed with the original fluctuating current of the first coupling inductor T1 for current compensation, canceling the AC component. Additionally, the IO6 pin of the main controller U1 controls the seventh and eighth power transistors Q7 and Q8 to conduct, transferring the energy transmitted by the second diode D2 to the energy storage device for energy storage. When the main controller U1 detects a power outage at the first output of the IoT multi-channel power supply, its IO4 pin triggers the sixth power transistor Q6 to conduct, transferring the energy transmitted by the second diode D2 to the first voltage regulator. Similarly, when the second output of the IoT multi-channel power supply is de-energized...The fifth power transistor Q5 is turned on. Resistors R6 and R7 detect the voltage of the DC power supplied to the power interface, and the detected signal is received by the IO8 pin of the main controller U1. When the power interface is de-energized, the energy storage device can discharge through the body diode of the seventh power transistor Q7, thereby replacing the power transmitted by the second diode D2 to supply power to the output terminals of the IoT multi-channel power supply when it is de-energized. Resistors R4 and R5 detect the power level of the energy storage device. If the power level is lower than the power threshold set by the main controller U1, the IO5 pin of the main controller U1 will control the tenth power transistor Q10 and the ninth power transistor Q9 to turn on, and control the power regulation module 1 to boost the voltage of the power released by the energy storage device, thereby maintaining the power supply to the output terminals of the IoT multi-channel power supply when it is de-energized.

[0033] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0034] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A front-end power protection control circuit for an Internet of Things (IoT) device, characterized in that, The circuit includes: The power regulation module, connected to the microcontroller module, energy storage module, and IoT module, is used to control the power transistor to shut down via pulse signals provided by the microcontroller module. It uses a shared magnetic core to convert the incoming DC power or the power released by the energy storage module into magnetic field energy and electric field energy. Through magnetic flux coupling and capacitor voltage flipping, it distributes the incoming power to two output paths in parallel. It combines and rectifies the power from the two output paths and transmits the processed power or the power released by the energy storage module to the IoT module. The conditioning module, connected to the power regulation module, is used to perform current compensation processing on the input current of the power regulation module based on the flux change rate of the power regulation module. The Internet of Things (IoT) module is used for multi-channel power distribution, to regulate and standardize the distributed power or the power transmitted by the power regulation module, and to provide the necessary operating power for connected IoT front-end devices. The voltage detection module, connected to the microcontroller module, power regulation module, and IoT module, is used to sample the voltage of DC power, the power output processed by the power regulation module, and the voltage of each output branch allocated by the IoT module, and transmit the sampled signal to the microcontroller module. The energy storage module, connected to the microcontroller module, is used to store the electrical energy processed and output by the power regulation module, release the stored electrical energy and transmit the electrical energy to the power regulation module, perform power detection and transmit the detected signal to the microcontroller module; The microcontroller module receives signals from the voltage detection module and provides pulse signals. It adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse signals according to the magnitude of the power regulation module's processed output energy and the set output voltage. It controls the power regulation module's boost or buck state, controls the energy storage module to perform energy storage, controls the power regulation module to transmit the processed energy to the output branch assigned to the IoT module that has experienced a power outage or abnormality, and stops the energy storage operation of the energy storage module. When the power regulation module has no DC power input, it controls the energy released by the energy storage module to transmit the energy to the output branch assigned to the IoT module that has experienced a power outage or abnormality.

2. The front-end power protection control circuit for an IoT device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power regulation module includes a power interface, a first diode, a first capacitor, a first inductor, a first coupling inductor, a third capacitor, a third power transistor, a second coupling inductor, a third coupling inductor, a second power transistor, a fourth power transistor, and a fourth capacitor; the microcontroller module includes a main controller; The first end of the power interface is connected to the anode of the first diode. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the first end of the first capacitor and connected to the same-name terminal of the first coupling inductor through the first inductor. The opposite-name terminal of the first coupling inductor is connected to the drain of the fourth power transistor and the first end of the third capacitor. The second end of the third capacitor is connected to the opposite-name terminal of the third coupling inductor and the source of the third power transistor. The drain of the third power transistor is connected to one end of the fourth capacitor, the second end of the first capacitor, the opposite-name terminal of the second coupling inductor, and the second end of the power interface. The same-name terminal of the third coupling inductor is connected to the source of the second power transistor and the other end of the fourth capacitor. The drain of the second power transistor is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor and the same-name terminal of the second coupling inductor. The gate of the fourth power transistor is connected to the IO2 terminal of the main controller. The gate of the second power transistor is connected to the gate of the third power transistor and the IO1 terminal of the main controller.

3. The front-end power protection control circuit for an IoT device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power regulation module also includes a second diode, a fifth power transistor, and a sixth power transistor; The anode of the second diode is connected to the drain of the third power transistor, the cathode of the second diode is connected to the drain of the fifth power transistor and the drain of the sixth power transistor, and the gate of the fifth power transistor and the gate of the sixth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO3 and IO4 terminals of the main controller.

4. The front-end power protection control circuit for an IoT device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The IoT module includes an IoT multi-channel power supply, a first voltage regulator, and a second voltage regulator. The first output terminal of the IoT multi-channel power supply is connected to the input terminal of the first voltage regulator and the source of the sixth power transistor. The second output terminal of the IoT multi-channel power supply is connected to the input terminal of the second voltage regulator and the source of the fifth power transistor. The grounding terminals of the first and second voltage regulators are both grounded.

5. The front-end power protection control circuit for an IoT device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The conditioning module includes a second capacitor, a first power transistor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a second resistor, and a first operational amplifier; the power adjustment module also includes a fourth coupling inductor. The drain of the first power transistor is connected to the same-name terminal of the first coupling inductor through the second capacitor. The non-inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the source of the first power transistor, the opposite-name terminal of the fourth coupling inductor, and ground through the first resistor. The same-name terminal of the fourth coupling inductor is connected to the inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier and one end of the second resistor through the third resistor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier and the gate of the first power transistor.

6. The front-end power protection control circuit for an IoT device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The energy storage module includes a seventh power transistor, a third diode, a ninth power transistor, a tenth power transistor, a fourth resistor, an energy storage device, a fifth resistor, and an eighth power transistor. The drain of the seventh power transistor is connected to the cathode of the second diode. The source of the seventh power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the energy storage device and the drain of the ninth power transistor. It is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and the IO7 terminal of the main controller through the fourth resistor. The other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the second terminal of the energy storage device, the drain of the eighth power transistor, and the drain of the tenth power transistor. The source of the tenth power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the first capacitor. The source of the eighth power transistor is grounded. The source of the ninth power transistor is connected to the anode of the third diode. The cathode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the first diode.

7. The front-end power protection control circuit for an IoT device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The voltage detection module also includes a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a first detector, a second detector, and a third detector; One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the power interface, and the other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the IO8 terminal of the main controller and connected to the second end of the power interface through the seventh resistor. The input terminals of the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are respectively connected to the cathode of the second diode, the input terminal of the first voltage regulator, and the input terminal of the second voltage regulator. The ground terminals of the second detector, the first detector, and the third detector are all grounded. The output terminals of the first detector, the second detector, and the third detector are respectively connected to the IO9, IO10, and IO11 terminals of the main controller.

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