Massive distributed photovoltaic dispatching direct control substation device and method for realizing dynamic management of transformer area

Abstract

This invention discloses a device and method for direct control of a massive distributed photovoltaic (PV) substation for dynamic management of distribution areas, relating to the field of distributed PV control technology. The device adopts a three-layer distributed architecture: a scheduling layer, a substation layer, and a terminal layer; the substation layer is the core, and its substation device includes a CPU, communication, storage, and power supply modules. The method includes: the substation device automatically establishing and periodically verifying a tree-structured ledger of terminals and inverters; generating autonomous strategy instructions to prevent reverse overload and overvoltage based on distribution area measurement data; receiving scheduling instructions and co-calculating them with autonomous instructions according to safety priority rules to obtain the final adjustment amount for each distribution area; and finally allocating and issuing control instructions according to the inverter power ratio. This invention breaks down the management barriers between multiple departments, realizing direct control of massive residential PV systems and autonomous collaboration of distribution areas, effectively improving management efficiency and grid security.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of distributed photovoltaic power generation control technology, specifically a device and method for realizing dynamic management of distribution areas and direct control of massive distributed photovoltaic dispatching substations. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems, especially low-voltage residential PV, their grid connection scale has posed a severe challenge to the safe and stable operation of the distribution network, particularly the distribution substations. Currently, for large-capacity distributed PV sites, power grid companies have achieved effective management by deploying group control and dispatch devices. However, for the large number of residential PV systems (400V connection) with small individual capacities and geographically dispersed locations, the existing management model has significant shortcomings.

[0003] Existing technologies typically rely on integrated terminals or concentrators in the photovoltaic distribution area as data acquisition and relay devices. This solution has the following prominent problems: 1) Management barriers: Integrated terminals / concentrators are managed by the equipment or marketing departments, while the core responsibility for photovoltaic regulation lies with the dispatching department. This results in low efficiency of cross-departmental collaboration, making it difficult to effectively implement control commands; 2) Indirect control links: The dispatching department lacks the technical means to directly control inverters without going through intermediate links. The existing method of adding protocol converters often stops at the point of equipment launch due to cooperation issues among multiple manufacturers, and the actual control effect cannot be guaranteed; 3) Excessive pressure on the main station: The traditional centralized control architecture cannot handle the real-time data access, calculation, and command distribution tasks of massive inverters, and the computing power and operation and maintenance pressure of the main station are overwhelmed; 4) Lagging ledger management: The ledger of photovoltaic equipment in the distribution area relies on manual maintenance, which cannot adapt to the current situation of frequent additions, migrations, or replacements of equipment. The data accuracy is poor, affecting precise control.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of distributed control architecture and device that can break down management barriers, achieve direct scheduling and control, adapt to massive access, and have adaptive management capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a device and method for direct control of massive distributed photovoltaic (PV) dispatching substations to achieve dynamic management of distribution areas. This solution aims to construct a hierarchical distributed control architecture, which, through substation devices deployed at the regional level, enables the direct issuance of dispatching commands and secure coordination with distribution area autonomy, thereby improving management efficiency, ensuring grid security, and promoting PV consumption.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A massive distributed photovoltaic dispatching direct control substation device for realizing dynamic management of transformer areas includes a dispatching layer, a substation layer, and a terminal layer.

[0008] The scheduling layer includes a scheduling master station and communication equipment, which are used to formulate and issue regional scheduling goals and operational constraints, and to receive aggregated operational information.

[0009] The terminal layer includes photovoltaic inverters installed in each distribution area, 400V photovoltaic aggregation terminals connected to the inverters, and distribution area measurement units for monitoring the electrical quantities at the distribution area's access points. The aggregation terminals have data acquisition and flexible / rigid control functions.

[0010] The substation layer is the core, comprising substation devices and communication equipment. The substation devices further include:

[0011] CPU module: It adopts a high-performance multi-core ARM processor, which is responsible for strategy calculation, instruction generation and task scheduling, and supports high-priority timer interrupts to ensure real-time performance.

[0012] Communication module: Configured with multiple Ethernet interfaces, supporting communication with the scheduling layer via the IEC104 protocol, and communication with the terminal layer via a 4G router through the DL / T698 protocol.

[0013] Storage modules include eMMC flash memory for storing the system and programs, and TF cards for storing ledgers, operational data, and logs.

[0014] Power supply module: Provides a stable power supply for each module.

[0015] The CPU module is connected to the scheduling layer and the terminal layer through the communication module, the storage module is connected to the CPU module, and the power supply module supplies power to all modules.

[0016] A method for direct control of massive distributed photovoltaic (PV) dispatch to achieve dynamic management of distribution areas, applied to the aforementioned substation devices, includes the following steps:

[0017] Adaptive ledger management: After detecting that a terminal is online, the substation device actively queries its substation area number, inverter parameters and other information, automatically constructs a tree-shaped ledger structure with the substation area as the root node and the terminal and inverter as child nodes, and regularly checks and dynamically updates it to ensure that the ledger is consistent with the field.

[0018] Transformer Area Autonomous Strategy Command Generation: Real-time acquisition of transformer area measurement unit data, calculation of autonomous adjustment quantities ΔP1 and ΔP2 based on preset reverse overload settings (e.g., 80% of rated capacity) and overvoltage settings (e.g., 242V), and synthesis of the final transformer area autonomous command ΔP_autonomous according to the "safety first" principle.

[0019] Coordinated calculation of dispatch and autonomous commands: Receive the overall dispatch command and decompose it into substation-level dispatch commands ΔP_dispatch_i according to the real-time power generation ratio of each substation area. Merge ΔP_dispatch_i and ΔP_autonomous_i according to predetermined coordination rules (such as safety priority in case of directional conflict) to obtain the final adjustment amount ΔP_final_i for each substation area.

[0020] Inverter-level command allocation and execution: The ΔP_final_i of each distribution area is precisely allocated to each inverter according to the real-time power ratio of each inverter in that distribution area, and control commands are generated and issued to complete closed-loop control.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] Breaking down management barriers and improving efficiency: By directly connecting the dispatching and terminal stations through substations, traditional intermediate equipment is bypassed, enabling the dispatching department to have direct control capabilities. At the same time, adaptive ledger management significantly reduces the workload of manual maintenance.

[0023] Ensuring safety while balancing power consumption: The district self-governance strategy precisely controls the risks of reverse overload and overvoltage, and the collaborative control mechanism ensures that photovoltaic output is maximized under the premise of safety.

[0024] Adapting to massive access and reducing the pressure on the main station: The distributed architecture offloads the management and control tasks of massive terminals to substations, dispersing the computing power and data pressure on the main station.

[0025] Reliable hardware and real-time response: Industrial-grade hardware and high-priority interrupt mechanisms ensure stable operation of the device in complex environments and low latency of control commands.

[0026] Flexible and adaptive strategy: Supports adaptive adjustment of execution cycle according to risk level, optimizes resource utilization, and avoids handling peak loads. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is an architecture diagram of a massive distributed photovoltaic dispatching direct control substation device for realizing dynamic management of transformer areas, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the substation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a flowchart for automatically establishing terminal ledger information provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 A flowchart for periodically verifying ledger information provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tree structure of ledger information provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the generation of autonomous strategy instructions for transformer substations provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the collaborative calculation of scheduling instructions and autonomous distribution area strategy instructions provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a massive distributed photovoltaic dispatching direct control substation device for realizing dynamic management of transformer areas, including a dispatching layer 10, a substation layer 20, and a terminal layer 30.

[0036] The scheduling layer 10 includes a scheduling master station and a vertical communication device, which is used to send scheduling targets and operational constraints to the sub-station layer based on regional control targets, and to receive aggregated operational information uploaded by the sub-station layer;

[0037] The substation layer 20 includes a substation device 21 and a communication device, used to receive the scheduling target and operation constraints, aggregate the operation data uploaded by the terminal layer, form the operation information of the virtual generator set, upload it to the scheduling layer, and send control commands to the terminal layer.

[0038] The terminal layer 30 includes multiple photovoltaic inverters 31 under the jurisdiction of the substation and corresponding 400V photovoltaic aggregation terminals 32, as well as substation measurement units 33, which are used to collect photovoltaic inverter operation data and substation gate electrical quantities, and receive control commands issued by the substation layer to perform flexible adjustment or rigid control.

[0039] Substation device 21 in substation layer 20 is the core, and its hardware configuration is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes a CPU module 211, a communication module 212, a storage module 213, and a power supply module 214, employing a modular, industrial-grade design to ensure reliability and scalability. Among them:

[0040] The CPU module 211 is used to perform ledger management, strategy calculation and instruction distribution. It adopts a multi-core ARM Cortex-A55 series processor and supports the highest priority configuration of timer interrupts to ensure timely response of real-time control tasks.

[0041] The communication module 212 is used to interact with the scheduling layer and the terminal layer, supports communication with the scheduling layer via the IEC104 protocol, supports communication with the terminal layer via the DL / T698 protocol, and achieves data pass-through through a 4G router.

[0042] The storage module 213 is used to store ledger data, operation logs and policy programs, including eMMC flash memory and TF card, wherein the eMMC flash memory is used to store the operating system and policy programs, and the TF card is used to store ledger data, historical operation data and logs.

[0043] The power module 214 is used to supply power to the CPU module 211, the communication module 212, and the storage module 213.

[0044] The CPU module 211 is connected to the scheduling layer 10 and the terminal layer 30 via the communication module 212, the storage module 213 is connected to the CPU module 211, and the power module 214 provides power to each module.

[0045] This invention also provides a method for direct control of massive distributed photovoltaic dispatch to achieve dynamic management of distribution areas, applied to the substation device described above. The method includes the following steps:

[0046] Step S1: Adaptive Ledger Management

[0047] After the substation device detects that the terminal is online, it actively queries the terminal information via the DL / T698 protocol, including the transformer area number, inverter number, and rated power.

[0048] Based on the inquiry results, establish or update a tree-shaped ledger structure with the substation number as the root node, the terminal as the child node, and the inverter as the leaf node, and record the first entry time or the change time.

[0049] Regularly check the ledger information. If changes are found in the area code or equipment parameters, update the tree structure and record the change trajectory.

[0050] Step S2: Generation of Autonomous Strategy Instructions for the Transit Area

[0051] Acquire electrical quantity data from the transformer area measurement unit, including active power P. 台 and voltage U 台 ;

[0052] Based on the preset reverse overload setting and overvoltage setting, calculate the reverse overload adjustment amount ΔP1 and the overvoltage adjustment amount ΔP2 respectively.

[0053] Based on the direction and magnitude of the reverse overload regulation ΔP1 and the overvoltage regulation ΔP2, the final autonomous regulation ΔP for the transformer substation is generated according to the safety priority rule. 自治 ;

[0054] Step S3: Co-calculation of scheduling instructions and autonomous instructions

[0055] The overall regulation command issued by the dispatch layer is received and decomposed into the dispatch regulation amount ΔP for each distribution area according to the current photovoltaic power ratio of each distribution area. 调度_i ;

[0056] ΔP 调度_i With ΔP 自治_i The data is merged according to preset coordination rules to generate the final adjustment amount ΔP for each transformer area. 最终_i The coordination rules include taking the larger adjustment range when the directions are the same and prioritizing the execution of autonomous instructions when the directions are opposite.

[0057] Step S4: Inverter-level command allocation

[0058] Based on the final adjustment amount ΔP of each transformer area 最终_i Based on the current power ratio of each inverter in the distribution area, the adjustment amount is allocated to each inverter, and inverter-level control commands are generated and issued for execution.

[0059] The specific implementation process of step S1, adaptive ledger management, is as follows: Figure 3-5 The substation device achieves adaptive ledger management through the following process:

[0060] Automatic setup: When an aggregation terminal or a transformer area measurement unit (collectively referred to as a terminal) comes online, the substation immediately queries its pre-configured transformer area number, equipment parameters, and other information via the DL / T698 protocol. The substation uses the transformer area number as the root node to create or update entries in the tree structure of the storage module, binds the device hierarchy, and records the timestamp.

[0061] Periodic verification: Substations proactively query terminal information at fixed intervals (e.g., every 10 minutes). If a change in the area code is detected, the corresponding device node is migrated to the new area root node in the tree structure; if a change in device model or parameters is detected, the attribute information of that device node is updated. All changes are recorded.

[0062] Tree-structured storage: The ledger is stored in a three-level tree structure of "transformer area - terminal - inverter". Figure 5 The data is clearly hierarchical and has well-defined relationships, making it easy to retrieve and maintain data quickly, and providing an accurate data foundation for precise regulation.

[0063] The specific implementation process of step S3, co-computation of scheduling instructions and autonomous instructions, is as follows: Figure 6-7 The substation device executes the following collaborative control process:

[0064] Step 1: Generate autonomous control command for the transformer area. The substation reads the active power P of the transformer area measurement unit in real time. 台 and voltage U 台 .like Where Pn is the rated capacity of the distribution area, if reverse overload regulation is triggered, the photovoltaic output needs to be reduced. . If U 台 If the voltage exceeds 242V, overvoltage regulation will be triggered, and the photovoltaic output needs to be reduced by ΔP2 = (U 台 (−242)×K, where K is the voltage-to-active power ratio coefficient). Based on ΔP1 and ΔP2, the substation generates the autonomous final regulation ΔP for the distribution area according to the principle of "prioritizing the resolution of more serious risks". 自治 .

[0065] Step Two: Collaborative Calculation of Final Instructions. The substation receives the regional overall adjustment instruction (such as the overall reduction ratio) issued by the dispatch master station, and calculates it according to the current total photovoltaic power P of each distribution area. 台i Total power P of the substation 总 The total adjustment amount is decomposed into each distribution area according to the proportion, resulting in the dispatch adjustment command ΔP. 调度_i Subsequently, ΔP 调度_i With ΔP 自治_i Perform coordinated calculations: If both adjustments are in the same direction (both increasing or decreasing), the adjustment with the largest magnitude is taken; if they are in opposite directions, the autonomous command involving safety risks (such as downward adjustment) is executed first; if one is 0, the other command is executed completely. The final adjustment amount ΔP to be executed for each transformer area is calculated. 最终_i .

[0066] Step 3: Inverter-level command allocation. For each distribution area, the substation allocates ΔP based on the real-time output data of the inverters bound to its ledger. 最终_i The power allocation is based on the power ratio of each inverter, and the specific adjustment amount ΔP for each inverter is calculated. 最终_j It is then sent to the corresponding aggregation terminal for execution via the communication module.

[0067] Through the above embodiments, the present invention realizes dynamic management of ledgers, safe autonomy and coordinated optimization control of scheduling commands for massive distributed photovoltaic systems, effectively solving the problems of difficult management, low efficiency and insufficient security in the prior art.

[0068] This invention has the following features and effects:

[0069] 1. Break down management barriers, achieve direct dispatch and control, and improve management efficiency: By constructing a three-layer direct control architecture with substation as the core, namely "dispatch layer - substation layer - terminal layer", the traditional reliance on the intermediate link of integrated terminals / concentrators in the distribution area is bypassed. This allows the dispatch department to directly control the terminal inverters, fundamentally solving the problems of coordination difficulties and difficulty in implementing control instructions caused by the separation of management responsibilities among multiple departments. This significantly improves the management efficiency and response speed of massive distributed photovoltaic systems.

[0070] 2. Adaptive ledger management ensures real-time data accuracy and reduces maintenance burden: An innovative adaptive ledger management strategy based on two-way communication between substations and terminals is proposed, enabling automatic identification and creation of equipment ledgers, regular verification and updates, and tree-structured storage. This strategy ensures real-time consistency between ledger data and on-site equipment status, solving the pain points of slow and error-prone manual maintenance. It reduces the information verification burden on maintenance personnel by more than 60%, providing a reliable data foundation for precise control.

[0071] 3. The collaborative control strategy integrates global scheduling and local security, balancing power absorption and stability: A refined "dispatch command-transformer area autonomy" collaborative control mechanism is designed. The transformer area autonomy strategy, through quantitative setpoints and calculation models, accurately and quickly responds to local security risks such as reverse overload and overvoltage; the collaborative rules clearly define the safety priority principle, organically combining global scheduling needs with transformer area security constraints. This method can maximize photovoltaic power absorption while ensuring grid security (controlling the occurrence rate of overvoltage and reverse overload to an extremely low level), achieving dual optimization of safety and efficiency.

[0072] 4. Distributed architecture adapts to massive access, effectively distributing the pressure on the main station: The tasks of data aggregation, strategy calculation, and command distribution from massive inverters are decentralized to regional substations, enabling a single substation to manage up to 2,000 nodes. This distributed processing mode greatly alleviates the pressure on the municipal dispatching main station in terms of data access, real-time calculation, and concurrent command issuance, avoiding system congestion and latency, and making it possible to carry out large-scale and refined management of massive, distributed, and small-capacity residential photovoltaic systems.

[0073] 5. Hardware and Strategy Design Ensures System Reliability and Real-Time Performance: The substation device adopts industrial-grade hardware and a high-priority interrupt mechanism, ensuring highly reliable operation and millisecond-level control response speed in complex environments. Simultaneously, it supports an adaptive adjustment of the strategy execution cycle based on the risk status of the distribution area, optimizing the allocation of computing and communication resources, avoiding processing peaks, and achieving stable and efficient system operation.

[0074] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A massive distributed photovoltaic dispatching direct control substation device for realizing dynamic management of distribution areas, characterized in that, include: The scheduling layer (10), the substation layer (20), and the terminal layer (30) are connected in sequence for communication; The scheduling layer (10) includes a scheduling master station and a vertical communication device, which is used to send scheduling targets and operational constraints to the sub-station layer based on regional control targets, and to receive aggregated operational information uploaded by the sub-station layer; The substation layer (20) includes a substation device (21) and a communication device, used to receive the scheduling target and operation constraints, aggregate the operation data uploaded by the terminal layer, form the operation information of the virtual generator set, upload it to the scheduling layer, and send control commands to the terminal layer; The terminal layer (30) includes multiple photovoltaic inverters (31) under the jurisdiction of the substation and corresponding 400V photovoltaic aggregation terminals (32), as well as substation measurement units (33), which are used to collect photovoltaic inverter operation data and substation gate electrical quantities, and receive control commands issued by the substation layer to perform flexible adjustment or rigid control. The substation device (21) further includes: CPU module (211) is used to perform ledger management, strategy calculation and instruction distribution; The communication module (212) is used for data interaction with the scheduling layer and the terminal layer; Storage module (213) is used to store ledger data, operation logs and policy programs; The power supply module (214) is used to supply power to each module; The CPU module (211) is connected to the scheduling layer and the terminal layer through the communication module (212), the storage module (213) is connected to the CPU module (211), and the power supply module (214) provides power to each module.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication module (212) supports communication with the scheduling layer via the IEC104 protocol, communication with the terminal layer via the DL / T698 protocol, and data pass-through via a 4G router.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CPU module (211) uses a multi-core ARM Cortex-A55 series processor and supports the highest priority configuration of timer interrupts to ensure timely response to real-time control tasks.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage module (213) includes an eMMC flash memory and a TF card, wherein the eMMC flash memory is used to store the operating system and policy program, and the TF card is used to store ledger data, historical operation data and logs.

5. A method for direct control of massive distributed photovoltaic (PV) dispatch to achieve dynamic management of distribution areas, applied to the substation device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Adaptive Ledger Management After the substation device detects that the terminal is online, it actively queries the terminal information via the DL / T698 protocol, including the transformer area number, inverter number, and rated power. Based on the inquiry results, establish or update a tree-shaped ledger structure with the substation number as the root node, the terminal as the child node, and the inverter as the leaf node, and record the first entry time or the change time. Regularly check the ledger information. If changes are found in the area code or equipment parameters, update the tree structure and record the change trajectory. Step S2: Generation of Autonomous Strategy Instructions for the Substation Acquire electrical quantity data from the transformer area measurement unit, including active power P. 台 and voltage U 台 ; Based on the preset reverse overload setting and overvoltage setting, calculate the reverse overload adjustment amount ΔP1 and the overvoltage adjustment amount ΔP2 respectively. Based on the direction and magnitude of the reverse overload regulation ΔP1 and the overvoltage regulation ΔP2, the final autonomous regulation ΔP for the transformer substation is generated according to the safety priority rule. 自治 ; Step S3: Co-calculation of scheduling instructions and autonomous instructions The overall regulation command issued by the dispatch layer is received and decomposed into the dispatch regulation amount ΔP for each distribution area according to the current photovoltaic power ratio of each distribution area. 调度_i ; ΔP 调度_i With ΔP 自治_i The data is merged according to preset coordination rules to generate the final adjustment amount ΔP for each transformer area. 最终_i The coordination rules include taking the larger adjustment range when the directions are the same and prioritizing the execution of autonomous instructions when the directions are opposite. Step S4: Inverter-level command allocation Based on the final adjustment amount ΔP of each transformer area 最终_i Based on the current power ratio of each inverter in the distribution area, the adjustment amount is allocated to each inverter, and inverter-level control commands are generated and issued for execution.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the formula for calculating the reverse overload adjustment amount ΔP1 is: ,like Where Pn is the rated capacity of the transformer area; Otherwise, the output is allowed to be increased, and ΔP1 is a positive value.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the formula for calculating the overvoltage regulation amount ΔP2 is: ΔP2=(U 台 −242)×K, if U 台 >242V Where K is the ratio coefficient of voltage to active power; otherwise, the output is allowed to be increased, and ΔP2 is a positive value.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, the decomposition formula for the scheduling adjustment quantity is: ； Where P 总 ΔP represents the current total power of all transformer substations under the substation's jurisdiction. 总 This represents the total adjustment amount for scheduling.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, the inverter-level regulation allocation formula is as follows: ； Where pj is the current power of the inverter, P 台i This represents the current total power of this transformer area.

10. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ledger verification cycle is 10 minutes, and the strategy execution cycle can be adaptively adjusted according to the risk status of the area.

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